Enable asset optimization (#2061)

Co-authored-by: Crowdin Bot <support+bot@crowdin.com>

.github/workflows/crowdin-download.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: 💬 Crowdin Download
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  release:
+    types: [ published ]
+
+permissions: write-all
+
+jobs:
+  synchronize-with-crowdin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: crowdin action
+      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.0
+      with:
+        upload_sources: false
+        upload_translations: false
+        download_translations: true
+        localization_branch_name: crowdin/l10n_translations
+        create_pull_request: true
+        pull_request_title: 'New Crowdin Translations'
+        pull_request_body: 'New Crowdin translations by [Crowdin GitHub Action](https://github.com/crowdin/github-action)'
+        pull_request_base_branch_name: 'main'
+        config: crowdin.yml
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.REPO_TOKEN }}
+        CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID }}
+        CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/crowdin-upload.yml

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@ name: 💬 Crowdin Upload
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
   synchronize-with-crowdin:
@@ -15,11 +19,10 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: crowdin action
-      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.6.0
+      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.0
       with:
         upload_sources: true
         upload_sources_args: '--auto-update --delete-obsolete'
-        upload_translations: false
         download_translations: false
         config: crowdin.yml
       env:

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
-  PYTHON_VERSION: 3.x
+  PYTHON_VERSION: 3.8
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Python setup
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.8'
       
       - name: Cache files
-        uses: actions/cache@v3.2.5
+        uses: actions/cache@v3.2.6
         with:
           key: ${{ github.ref }}
           path: .cache
@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ jobs:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           CARDS: true
         run: |
-          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file mkdocs.production.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.he.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.nl.yml
           mv .well-known site/
           pipenv run mkdocs --version
       

.gitmodules

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [submodule "mkdocs-material-insiders"]
-	path = mkdocs-material
+	path = modules/mkdocs-material
 	url = git@github.com:privacyguides/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
-[submodule "docs/assets/brand"]
-	path = docs/assets/brand
+[submodule "theme/assets/brand"]
+	path = theme/assets/brand
 	url = https://github.com/privacyguides/brand.git

Brewfile.netlify

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+brew "pngquant"

Pipfile

@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ name = "pypi"
 
 [packages]
 mkdocs = "*"
-mkdocs-material = {path = "./mkdocs-material"}
-mkdocs-static-i18n = "*"
 mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin = "*"
 typing-extensions = "*"
 mkdocs-git-committers-plugin-2 = "*"
 mkdocs-macros-plugin = "*"
 pillow = "*"
 cairosvg = "*"
+mkdocs-material = {path = "./modules/mkdocs-material"}
 
 [dev-packages]
 scour = "*"

Pipfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "_meta": {
         "hash": {
-            "sha256": "e58ad55b2281815cbad8bd08738bc446b516cd8a1892d8d6df9e27dc709e4b76"
+            "sha256": "bbd8e3cc3fd584b0dfa5e2cdf3c7d1b2d1409bcd44cfdb359673fd6b89cae8bd"
         },
         "pipfile-spec": 6,
         "requires": {
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
     "default": {
         "babel": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1ad3eca1c885218f6dce2ab67291178944f810a10a9b5f3cb8382a5a232b64fe",
-                "sha256:5ef4b3226b0180dedded4229651c8b0e1a3a6a2837d45a073272f313e4cf97f6"
+                "sha256:b4246fb7677d3b98f501a39d43396d3cafdc8eadb045f4a31be01863f655c610",
+                "sha256:cc2d99999cd01d44420ae725a21c9e3711b3aadc7976d6147f622d8581963455"
             ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.11.0"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.12.1"
         },
         "beautifulsoup4": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@
                 "sha256:f9d0c5c045a3ca9bedfc35dca8526798eb91a07aa7a2c0fee134c6c6f321cbd7",
                 "sha256:ff6f3db31555657f3163b15a6b7c6938d08df7adbfc9dd13d9d19edad678f1e8"
             ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
             "version": "==3.0.1"
         },
         "click": {
@@ -275,11 +274,11 @@
         },
         "gitpython": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:769c2d83e13f5d938b7688479da374c4e3d49f71549aaf462b646db9602ea6f8",
-                "sha256:cd455b0000615c60e286208ba540271af9fe531fa6a87cc590a7298785ab2882"
+                "sha256:8ce3bcf69adfdf7c7d503e78fd3b1c492af782d58893b650adb2ac8912ddd573",
+                "sha256:f04893614f6aa713a60cbbe1e6a97403ef633103cdd0ef5eb6efe0deb98dbe8d"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==3.1.30"
+            "version": "==3.1.31"
         },
         "idna": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -398,11 +397,11 @@
         },
         "markdown2": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:62156ad2426249a1d1a9059cfe7eab712ff2f397660991b1796c342c19bfa922",
-                "sha256:dfb52ff4007389567b391ce8fa3cff3dd363d1f282d20205383c6a710f9870d1"
+                "sha256:7d49ca871d3e0e412c65d7d21fcbc13ae897f7876f3e5f14dd4db3b7fbf27f10",
+                "sha256:90475aca3d9c8e7df6d70c51de5bbbe9edf7fcf6a380bd1044d321500f5445da"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.5' and python_version < '4'",
-            "version": "==2.4.7"
+            "version": "==2.4.8"
         },
         "markupsafe": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -501,8 +500,8 @@
             "version": "==0.7.0"
         },
         "mkdocs-material": {
-            "path": "./mkdocs-material",
-            "version": "==9.0.11+insiders.4.30.0"
+            "path": "./modules/mkdocs-material",
+            "version": "==9.0.15+insiders.4.32.1"
         },
         "mkdocs-material-extensions": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -512,13 +511,6 @@
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
             "version": "==1.1.1"
         },
-        "mkdocs-static-i18n": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:eccd819e727bc91bb58cc7c34230266f9e475abfbc11ace1e4c1f262969e2c2e"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.53"
-        },
         "packaging": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:714ac14496c3e68c99c29b00845f7a2b85f3bb6f1078fd9f72fd20f0570002b2",
@@ -618,11 +610,11 @@
         },
         "pipdeptree": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8c012fd8ee79083806db9d1410a44648f71dba11364719aa40ed718f4762e964",
-                "sha256:9d666f77ff1b9528d01b3d98594096484f56de70d752abe22f13e681be239bd8"
+                "sha256:cd167f38264c44ed41d3de0e8d7f47d4fbcbe6592587266e0219b8c056416c6b",
+                "sha256:ef17672a0ec47ae97ae9d50f98eabe209609ffd08e8b4abdc2e8e20bf499b151"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==2.3.3"
+            "version": "==2.5.0"
         },
         "pycparser": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -851,11 +843,11 @@
         },
         "soupsieve": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3b2503d3c7084a42b1ebd08116e5f81aadfaea95863628c80a3b774a11b7c759",
-                "sha256:fc53893b3da2c33de295667a0e19f078c14bf86544af307354de5fcf12a3f30d"
+                "sha256:49e5368c2cda80ee7e84da9dbe3e110b70a4575f196efb74e51b94549d921955",
+                "sha256:e28dba9ca6c7c00173e34e4ba57448f0688bb681b7c5e8bf4971daafc093d69a"
             ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.3.2.post1"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.4"
         },
         "termcolor": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -875,11 +867,11 @@
         },
         "typing-extensions": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1511434bb92bf8dd198c12b1cc812e800d4181cfcb867674e0f8279cc93087aa",
-                "sha256:16fa4864408f655d35ec496218b85f79b3437c829e93320c7c9215ccfd92489e"
+                "sha256:5cb5f4a79139d699607b3ef622a1dedafa84e115ab0024e0d9c044a9479ca7cb",
+                "sha256:fb33085c39dd998ac16d1431ebc293a8b3eedd00fd4a32de0ff79002c19511b4"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.4.0"
+            "version": "==4.5.0"
         },
         "urllib3": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -891,37 +883,37 @@
         },
         "watchdog": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:102a60093090fc3ff76c983367b19849b7cc24ec414a43c0333680106e62aae1",
-                "sha256:17f1708f7410af92ddf591e94ae71a27a13974559e72f7e9fde3ec174b26ba2e",
-                "sha256:195ab1d9d611a4c1e5311cbf42273bc541e18ea8c32712f2fb703cfc6ff006f9",
-                "sha256:4cb5ecc332112017fbdb19ede78d92e29a8165c46b68a0b8ccbd0a154f196d5e",
-                "sha256:5100eae58133355d3ca6c1083a33b81355c4f452afa474c2633bd2fbbba398b3",
-                "sha256:61fdb8e9c57baf625e27e1420e7ca17f7d2023929cd0065eb79c83da1dfbeacd",
-                "sha256:6ccd8d84b9490a82b51b230740468116b8205822ea5fdc700a553d92661253a3",
-                "sha256:6e01d699cd260d59b84da6bda019dce0a3353e3fcc774408ae767fe88ee096b7",
-                "sha256:748ca797ff59962e83cc8e4b233f87113f3cf247c23e6be58b8a2885c7337aa3",
-                "sha256:83a7cead445008e880dbde833cb9e5cc7b9a0958edb697a96b936621975f15b9",
-                "sha256:8586d98c494690482c963ffb24c49bf9c8c2fe0589cec4dc2f753b78d1ec301d",
-                "sha256:8b5cde14e5c72b2df5d074774bdff69e9b55da77e102a91f36ef26ca35f9819c",
-                "sha256:8c28c23972ec9c524967895ccb1954bc6f6d4a557d36e681a36e84368660c4ce",
-                "sha256:967636031fa4c4955f0f3f22da3c5c418aa65d50908d31b73b3b3ffd66d60640",
-                "sha256:96cbeb494e6cbe3ae6aacc430e678ce4b4dd3ae5125035f72b6eb4e5e9eb4f4e",
-                "sha256:978a1aed55de0b807913b7482d09943b23a2d634040b112bdf31811a422f6344",
-                "sha256:a09483249d25cbdb4c268e020cb861c51baab2d1affd9a6affc68ffe6a231260",
-                "sha256:a480d122740debf0afac4ddd583c6c0bb519c24f817b42ed6f850e2f6f9d64a8",
-                "sha256:adaf2ece15f3afa33a6b45f76b333a7da9256e1360003032524d61bdb4c422ae",
-                "sha256:bc43c1b24d2f86b6e1cc15f68635a959388219426109233e606517ff7d0a5a73",
-                "sha256:c27d8c1535fd4474e40a4b5e01f4ba6720bac58e6751c667895cbc5c8a7af33c",
-                "sha256:cdcc23c9528601a8a293eb4369cbd14f6b4f34f07ae8769421252e9c22718b6f",
-                "sha256:cece1aa596027ff56369f0b50a9de209920e1df9ac6d02c7f9e5d8162eb4f02b",
-                "sha256:d0f29fd9f3f149a5277929de33b4f121a04cf84bb494634707cfa8ea8ae106a8",
-                "sha256:d6b87477752bd86ac5392ecb9eeed92b416898c30bd40c7e2dd03c3146105646",
-                "sha256:e038be858425c4f621900b8ff1a3a1330d9edcfeaa1c0468aeb7e330fb87693e",
-                "sha256:e618a4863726bc7a3c64f95c218437f3349fb9d909eb9ea3a1ed3b567417c661",
-                "sha256:f8ac23ff2c2df4471a61af6490f847633024e5aa120567e08d07af5718c9d092"
+                "sha256:03f342a9432fe08107defbe8e405a2cb922c5d00c4c6c168c68b633c64ce6190",
+                "sha256:0d9878be36d2b9271e3abaa6f4f051b363ff54dbbe7e7df1af3c920e4311ee43",
+                "sha256:0e1dd6d449267cc7d6935d7fe27ee0426af6ee16578eed93bacb1be9ff824d2d",
+                "sha256:2caf77ae137935c1466f8cefd4a3aec7017b6969f425d086e6a528241cba7256",
+                "sha256:3d2dbcf1acd96e7a9c9aefed201c47c8e311075105d94ce5e899f118155709fd",
+                "sha256:4109cccf214b7e3462e8403ab1e5b17b302ecce6c103eb2fc3afa534a7f27b96",
+                "sha256:4cd61f98cb37143206818cb1786d2438626aa78d682a8f2ecee239055a9771d5",
+                "sha256:53f3e95081280898d9e4fc51c5c69017715929e4eea1ab45801d5e903dd518ad",
+                "sha256:564e7739abd4bd348aeafbf71cc006b6c0ccda3160c7053c4a53b67d14091d42",
+                "sha256:5b848c71ef2b15d0ef02f69da8cc120d335cec0ed82a3fa7779e27a5a8527225",
+                "sha256:5defe4f0918a2a1a4afbe4dbb967f743ac3a93d546ea4674567806375b024adb",
+                "sha256:6f5d0f7eac86807275eba40b577c671b306f6f335ba63a5c5a348da151aba0fc",
+                "sha256:7a1876f660e32027a1a46f8a0fa5747ad4fcf86cb451860eae61a26e102c8c79",
+                "sha256:7a596f9415a378d0339681efc08d2249e48975daae391d58f2e22a3673b977cf",
+                "sha256:85bf2263290591b7c5fa01140601b64c831be88084de41efbcba6ea289874f44",
+                "sha256:8a4d484e846dcd75e96b96d80d80445302621be40e293bfdf34a631cab3b33dc",
+                "sha256:8f2df370cd8e4e18499dd0bfdef476431bcc396108b97195d9448d90924e3131",
+                "sha256:91fd146d723392b3e6eb1ac21f122fcce149a194a2ba0a82c5e4d0ee29cd954c",
+                "sha256:95ad708a9454050a46f741ba5e2f3468655ea22da1114e4c40b8cbdaca572565",
+                "sha256:964fd236cd443933268ae49b59706569c8b741073dbfd7ca705492bae9d39aab",
+                "sha256:9da7acb9af7e4a272089bd2af0171d23e0d6271385c51d4d9bde91fe918c53ed",
+                "sha256:a073c91a6ef0dda488087669586768195c3080c66866144880f03445ca23ef16",
+                "sha256:a74155398434937ac2780fd257c045954de5b11b5c52fc844e2199ce3eecf4cf",
+                "sha256:aa8b028750b43e80eea9946d01925168eeadb488dfdef1d82be4b1e28067f375",
+                "sha256:d1f1200d4ec53b88bf04ab636f9133cb703eb19768a39351cee649de21a33697",
+                "sha256:d9f9ed26ed22a9d331820a8432c3680707ea8b54121ddcc9dc7d9f2ceeb36906",
+                "sha256:ea5d86d1bcf4a9d24610aa2f6f25492f441960cf04aed2bd9a97db439b643a7b",
+                "sha256:efe3252137392a471a2174d721e1037a0e6a5da7beb72a021e662b7000a9903f"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.2.1"
+            "version": "==2.3.1"
         },
         "webencodings": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -932,11 +924,11 @@
         },
         "zipp": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:23f70e964bc11a34cef175bc90ba2914e1e4545ea1e3e2f67c079671883f9cb6",
-                "sha256:e8b2a36ea17df80ffe9e2c4fda3f693c3dad6df1697d3cd3af232db680950b0b"
+                "sha256:112929ad649da941c23de50f356a2b5570c954b65150642bccdd66bf194d224b",
+                "sha256:48904fc76a60e542af151aded95726c1a5c34ed43ab4134b597665c86d7ad556"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==3.13.0"
+            "version": "==3.15.0"
         }
     },
     "develop": {

README.md

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
   <a href="https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed-raw/privacyguides/privacyguides.org">
   </a>
+  <a href="https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides">
+    <img src="https://badges.crowdin.net/privacyguides/localized.svg">
+  </a>
   <a href="https://opencollective.com/privacyguides">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/opencollective/all/privacyguides">
   </a></p>
@@ -60,19 +63,7 @@ Our current list of team members can be found [here](https://www.privacyguides.o
 
 Committing to this repository requires [signing your commits](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits) (`git config commit.gpgsign true`) unless you are making edits via the GitHub.com text editor interface. As of August 2022 the preferred signing method is [SSH commit signatures](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification#ssh-commit-signature-verification), but GPG signing is also acceptable. You should add your signing key to your GitHub profile.
 
-This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. You can install the website locally with the open-source version of `mkdocs-material`:
-
-1. Clone this repository:
-    - `git clone https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git` (then `cd privacyguides.org`)
-    - `git submodule init`
-    - `git submodule update docs/assets/brand`
-    - `git config gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile .allowed_signers`
-2. Install [Python 3.6+](https://www.python.org/downloads/) (currently only tested with 3.10)
-3. Install [dependencies](/Pipfile): `pip install mkdocs mkdocs-material mkdocs-static-i18n mkdocs-macros-plugin typing-extensions`
-4. Serve the site locally: `mkdocs serve`
-    - The site will be available at `http://localhost:8000`
-    - You can build the site locally with `mkdocs build`
-    - Your local version of the site may be missing functionality, which is expected. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.
+This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. Running this website locally without access to insiders is unsupported. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.
 
 **Team members** should clone the repository with `mkdocs-material-insiders` directly. This method is identical to production:
 
@@ -81,18 +72,18 @@ This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdoc
 3. Install Python **3.10**
 4. Install **pipenv**: `pip install pipenv`
 5. Install dependencies: `pipenv install --dev` (install [Pillow and CairoSVG](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-social-cards/#dependencies) as well to generate social cards)
-6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file mkdocs.production.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
+6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
     - The site will be available at `http://localhost:8000`
-    - You can build the site locally with `pipenv run mkdocs build`
+    - You can build the site locally with `pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml`
     - This version of the site should be identical to the live, production version
 
 If you commit to `main` with commits signed with your SSH key, you should add your SSH key to [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) in this repo.
 
 ## Releasing
 
-1. Create a new tag: `git tag -s v2.X.X -m 'Some message'`
+1. Create a new tag: `git tag -s v3.X.X -m 'Some message'`
     - [View existing tags](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tags)
-    - Tag [numbering](https://semver.org/): Increment the MINOR (2nd) number when making significant changes (adding/deleting pages, etc.), increment the PATCH (3rd) number when making minor changes (typos, bug fixes). Probably leave the MAJOR number at 2 until a massive revamp (v1 -> v2 was the Jekyll to MkDocs transition).
+    - Tag [numbering](https://semver.org/): Increment the MINOR (2nd) number when making significant changes (adding/deleting pages, etc.), increment the PATCH (3rd) number when making minor changes (typos, bug fixes). Probably leave the MAJOR number at 3 until a massive revamp (v1 -> v2 was the Jekyll to MkDocs transition, v2 -> v3 was the introduction of translations).
     - Consider enabling GPG tag signing by default (`git config tag.gpgSign true`) to avoid missing signatures
 2. Push the tag to GitHub: `git push --tags`
 3. A GitHub Release will be automatically created and deployed to the live site.

_redirects

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/  /en/  302  Language=en
+/  /fr/  302  Language=fr
+/  /he/  302  Language=he
+/  /nl/  302  Language=nl
+/  /en/  302
+
+/sitemap.xml /en/sitemap.xml
+/CODE_OF_CONDUCT/ /en/CODE_OF_CONDUCT/
+/android/ /en/android/
+/calendar/ /en/calendar/
+/cloud/ /en/cloud/
+/data-redaction/ /en/data-redaction/
+/desktop-browsers/ /en/desktop-browsers/
+/desktop/ /en/desktop/
+/dns/ /en/dns/
+/email-clients/ /en/email-clients/
+/email/ /en/email/
+/encryption/ /en/encryption/
+/file-sharing/ /en/file-sharing/
+/frontends/ /en/frontends/
+/kb-archive/ /en/kb-archive/
+/mobile-browsers/ /en/mobile-browsers/
+/multi-factor-authentication/ /en/multi-factor-authentication/
+/news-aggregators/ /en/news-aggregators/
+/notebooks/ /en/notebooks/
+/passwords/ /en/passwords/
+/productivity/ /en/productivity/
+/real-time-communication/ /en/real-time-communication/
+/router/ /en/router/
+/search-engines/ /en/search-engines/
+/tools/ /en/tools/
+/tor/ /en/tor/
+/video-streaming/ /en/video-streaming/
+/vpn/ /en/vpn/
+/about/criteria/ /en/about/criteria/
+/about/donate/ /en/about/donate/
+/about/ /en/about/
+/about/notices/ /en/about/notices/
+/about/privacy-policy/ /en/about/privacy-policy/
+/about/privacytools/ /en/about/privacytools/
+/about/services/ /en/about/services/
+/about/statistics/ /en/about/statistics/
+/advanced/communication-network-types/ /en/advanced/communication-network-types/
+/advanced/dns-overview/ /en/advanced/dns-overview/
+/advanced/tor-overview/ /en/advanced/tor-overview/
+/basics/account-creation/ /en/basics/account-creation/
+/basics/account-deletion/ /en/basics/account-deletion/
+/basics/common-misconceptions/ /en/basics/common-misconceptions/
+/basics/common-threats/ /en/basics/common-threats/
+/basics/email-security/ /en/basics/email-security/
+/basics/multi-factor-authentication/ /en/basics/multi-factor-authentication/
+/basics/passwords-overview/ /en/basics/passwords-overview/
+/basics/threat-modeling/ /en/basics/threat-modeling/
+/basics/vpn-overview/ /en/basics/vpn-overview/
+/meta/brand/ /en/meta/brand/
+/meta/git-recommendations/ /en/meta/git-recommendations/
+/meta/uploading-images/ /en/meta/uploading-images/
+/meta/writing-style/ /en/meta/writing-style/
+/os/android-overview/ /en/os/android-overview/
+/os/linux-overview/ /en/os/linux-overview/
+/os/qubes-overview/ /en/os/qubes-overview/

config/mkdocs.common.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+extra:
+  social:
+    - icon: simple/mastodon
+      link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
+      name: Mastodon
+    - icon: simple/matrix
+      link: https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org
+      name: Matrix
+    - icon: simple/discourse
+      link: https://discuss.privacyguides.net/
+      name: Forum
+    - icon: simple/github
+      link: https://github.com/privacyguides
+      name: GitHub
+  alternate:
+    - name: English
+      link: /en/
+      lang: en
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1fa-1f1f8.svg
+    - name: Français
+      link: /fr/
+      lang: fr
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1eb-1f1f7.svg
+    - name: עִברִית
+      link: /he/
+      lang: he
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f1.svg
+    - name: Nederlands
+      link: /nl/
+      lang: nl
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f3-1f1f1.svg
+
+repo_url: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
+repo_name: ""
+
+theme:
+  name: material
+  custom_dir: ../theme
+  favicon: assets/img/brand/PNG/Favicon/favicon-32x32.png
+  icon:
+    logo: octicons/shield-lock-16
+    repo: simple/github
+  font: false
+  features:
+    - navigation.tracking
+    - navigation.tabs
+    - navigation.sections
+    - navigation.expand
+    - content.tooltips
+    - search.highlight
+
+extra_css:
+  - assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
+extra_javascript:
+  - assets/javascripts/mathjax.js
+  - assets/javascripts/feedback.js
+
+watch:
+  - ../theme
+  - ../includes
+  - mkdocs.common.yml
+
+plugins:
+  tags: {}
+  search: {}
+  macros: {}
+  meta: {}
+  git-committers:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    repository: privacyguides/privacyguides.org
+    branch: main
+  git-revision-date-localized:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    exclude:
+      - index.md
+    fallback_to_build_date: true
+  privacy:
+    external_assets_exclude:
+      - cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/*
+      - api.privacyguides.net/*
+  optimize:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  admonition: {}
+  pymdownx.details: {}
+  pymdownx.superfences:
+    custom_fences:
+      - name: mermaid
+        class: mermaid
+        format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format
+  pymdownx.tabbed:
+    alternate_style: true
+  pymdownx.arithmatex:
+    generic: true
+  pymdownx.critic: {}
+  pymdownx.caret: {}
+  pymdownx.keys: {}
+  pymdownx.mark: {}
+  pymdownx.tilde: {}
+  pymdownx.snippets: {}
+  pymdownx.tasklist:
+    custom_checkbox: true
+  attr_list: {}
+  def_list: {}
+  md_in_html: {}
+  meta: {}
+  abbr: {}
+  pymdownx.emoji:
+    emoji_index: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.twemoji
+    emoji_generator: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.to_svg
+  tables: {}
+  footnotes: {}
+  toc:
+    permalink: true
+    toc_depth: 4

config/mkdocs.en.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../docs'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/"
+site_dir: '../site/en'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Was this page helpful?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "This page was helpful"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "This page could be improved"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: en
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Switch to light mode"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Switch to system theme"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Switch to dark mode"
+
+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: 'Public Sans'
+
+nav:
+  - Home: 'index.md'
+  - Knowledge Base:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Technology Essentials:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - Advanced Topics:
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommendations:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Internet Browsing:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - Providers:
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - Software:
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - About:
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

config/mkdocs.fr.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/fr'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/fr/"
+site_dir: '../site/fr'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides est votre ressource centrale en matière de vie privée et de sécurité pour vous protéger en ligne.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors. 
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span> 
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/fr/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Cette page vous a été utile ?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "Cette page a été utile"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Merci pour votre retour !"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "Cette page pourrait être améliorée"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: fr
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Basculer en mode clair"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Basculer vers le thème du système"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Basculer en mode sombre"
+
+nav:
+  - Accueil: 'index.md'
+  - Base de connaissances:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Les essentiels de la technologie:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - "Sujets avancés":
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommandations:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Navigation internet:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - "Fournisseurs":
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - "Logiciels":
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - "À propos":
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Journal des modifications: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

config/mkdocs.he.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/he'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/he/"
+site_dir: '../site/he'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides (מדריכי פרטיות) הם משאב הפרטיות והאבטחה המרכזי שלכם כדי להגן על עצמכם באופן מקוון.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/he/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "האם הדף הזה עזר לך?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "הדף הזה היה מועיל"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "תודה על המשוב שלך!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "דף זה יכול להשתפר"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "תודה על המשוב שלך! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: he
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "עבור למצב בהיר"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "עבור לערכת הנושא של המערכת"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "עבור למצב כהה"
+
+nav:
+  - "דף הבית": 'index.md'
+  - "ידע בסיסי":
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - "יסודות הטכנולוגיה":
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - "נושאים מתקדמים":
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - "המלצות":
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - "גלישה באינטרנט":
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - "ספקים":
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - "תוכנה":
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - "על אודות":
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - "יומן שינויים": 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - "פורום": 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - "בלוג": 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

config/mkdocs.nl.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/nl'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/nl/"
+site_dir: '../site/nl'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides is jouw centrale bron voor privacy en beveiliging om jezelf online te beschermen.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is een non-profit, sociaal gemotiveerde website die informatie biedt voor de bescherming van jouw gegevensbeveiliging en privacy.<br>
+  Wij verdienen geen geld met het aanbevelen van bepaalde producten, en wij maken geen gebruik van affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides en medewerkers.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Inhoud gelicentieerd onder <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Was deze pagina nuttig?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "Deze pagina was nuttig"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Bedankt voor je feedback!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "Deze pagina kan worden verbeterd"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Bedankt voor jouw feedback! Help ons deze pagina te verbeteren door een <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussie te openen op ons forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: nl
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Verander naar licht thema"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Verander naar systeem thema"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Verander naar donker thema"
+
+nav:
+  - Home: 'index.md'
+  - Kennisbank:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Technologie essenties:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - Gevorderde onderwerpen:
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommendaties:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Surfen op het internet:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - Providers:
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - Software:
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - Over ons:
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

crowdin.yml

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-project_id_env: CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID
 api_token_env: CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN
+project_id: "509862"
 "preserve_hierarchy": true
 files:
-- source: "/docs/**/*.en.*"
-  translation: "/docs/**/%file_name%.%locale_with_underscore%.%file_extension%"
-  translation_replace:
-    "en.": ""
-  update_option: update_as_unapproved
+- source: "/docs/**/*.*"
+  translation: "/i18n/%two_letters_code%/**/%file_name%.%file_extension%"
+  skip_untranslated_files: false
 - source: "/theme/overrides/*.en.html"
-  translation: "/theme/overrides/%file_name%.%locale_with_underscore%.html"
+  translation: "/theme/overrides/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.html"
   translation_replace:
     "en.": ""
-- source: "/includes/*.en.md"
-  translation: "/includes/%file_name%.%locale_with_underscore%.md"
+  skip_untranslated_files: false
+- source: "/includes/*.en.*"
+  translation: "/includes/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.%file_extension%"
   translation_replace:
     "en.": ""
-  update_option: update_as_unapproved
+  skip_untranslated_files: false

docs/404.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - feedback
+---
+
+# 404 - Not Found
+
+We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
+
+- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
+- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
+- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
+- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
+- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/criteria.md

@@ -38,3 +38,5 @@ We have these requirements in regard to developers which wish to submit their pr
 
 - Must state what the exact threat model is with their project.
     - It should be clear to potential users what the project can provide, and what it cannot.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/donate.md

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 title: Supporting Us
 ---
 <!-- markdownlint-disable MD036 -->
-It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, the best way to help out is by getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
+It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, consider getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
 
 If you want to support us financially, the most convenient method for us is contributing via Open Collective, a website operated by our fiscal host. Open Collective accepts payments via credit/debit card, PayPal, and bank transfers.
 
 [Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
 
-Donations made directly to us Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.
+Donations made directly to us on Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.
 
 If you already make use of GitHub sponsorships, you can also sponsor our organization there.
 
@@ -43,3 +43,5 @@ Privacy Guides is a **non-profit** organization. We use donations for a variety
 :   We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
 
 We are still working with our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) to receive cryptocurrency donations, at the moment the accounting is unfeasible for many smaller transactions, but this should change in the future. In the meantime, if you wish to make a sizable (> $100) cryptocurrency donation, please reach out to [jonah@privacyguides.org](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org).
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/index.md

@@ -59,3 +59,5 @@ Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrativ
 :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.
 
 This license is in place to prevent people from sharing our work without giving proper credit, and to prevent people from modifying our work in a way that could be used to mislead people. If you find the terms of this license too restrictive for the project you're working on, please reach out to us at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. We are happy to provide alternative licensing options for well-intentioned projects in the privacy space!
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/notices.md

@@ -41,3 +41,5 @@ You must not conduct any systematic or automated data collection activities on o
 * Scraping
 * Data Mining
 * 'Framing' (IFrames)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/privacy-policy.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Privacy Guides is a community project operated by a number of active volunteer c
 The privacy of our website visitors is important to us, so we do not track any individual people. As a visitor to our website:
 
 - No personal information is collected
-- No information such as cookies is stored in the browser
+- No information such as cookies are stored in the browser
 - No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties
 - No information is shared with advertising companies
 - No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends
@@ -52,9 +52,12 @@ jonah@privacyguides.org
 For all other inquiries, you can contact any member of our team.
 
 For complaints under GDPR more generally, you may lodge complaints with your local data protection supervisory authorities.
+In France it's the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés which take care and handle the complaints. They provide a [template of complaint letter](https://www.cnil.fr/en/plaintes) to use.
 
 ## About This Policy
 
 We will post any new versions of this statement [here](privacy-policy.md). We may change how we announce changes in future versions of this document. In the meantime we may update our contact information at any time without announcing a change. Please refer to the [Privacy Policy](privacy-policy.md) for the latest contact information at any time.
 
 A full revision [history](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/commits/main/docs/about/privacy-policy.md) of this page can be found on GitHub.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/privacytools.md

@@ -115,3 +115,5 @@ This topic has been discussed extensively within our communities in various loca
 - [Apr 2, 2022 response by u/dng99 to PrivacyTools' accusatory blog post](https://www.reddit.com/comments/tuo7mm/comment/i35kw5a/)
 - [May 16, 2022 response by @TommyTran732 on Twitter](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153497984618496)
 - [Sep 3, 2022 post on Techlore's forum by @dngray](https://discuss.techlore.tech/t/has-anyone-seen-this-video-wondering-your-thoughts/792/20)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/services.md

@@ -29,3 +29,12 @@ Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix modera
 - Domain: [search.privacyguides.net](https://search.privacyguides.net)
 - Availability: Public
 - Source: [github.com/searxng/searxng-docker](https://github.com/searxng/searxng-docker)
+
+## Invidious
+
+- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Semi-Public  
+We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
+- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/about/statistics.md

@@ -58,3 +58,5 @@ title: Traffic Statistics
         })
     })
 </script>
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/advanced/communication-network-types.md

@@ -100,3 +100,5 @@ Self-hosting a node in an anonymous routing network does not provide the hoster
 - Less reliable if nodes are selected by randomized routing, some nodes may be very far from the sender and receiver, adding latency or even failing to transmit messages if one of the nodes goes offline.
 - More complex to get started, as the creation and secured backup of a cryptographic private key is required.
 - Just like other decentralized platforms, adding features is more complex for developers than on a centralized platform. Hence, features may be lacking or incompletely implemented, such as offline message relaying or message deletion.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/advanced/dns-overview.md

@@ -304,3 +304,5 @@ The [EDNS Client Subnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDNS_Client_Subnet) is a
 It's intended to "speed up" delivery of data by giving the client an answer that belongs to a server that is close to them such as a [content delivery network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network), which are often used in video streaming and serving JavaScript web apps.
 
 This feature does come at a privacy cost, as it tells the DNS server some information about the client's location.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/advanced/tor-overview.md

@@ -75,5 +75,7 @@ If you wish to use Tor for browsing the web, we only recommend the **official**
 ## Additional Resources
 
 - [Tor Browser User Manual](https://tb-manual.torproject.org)
-- [How Tor Works - Computerphile](https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/QRYzre4bf7I) <small>(YouTube)</small>
-- [Tor Onion Services - Computerphile](https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/lVcbq_a5N9I) <small>(YouTube)</small>
+- [How Tor Works - Computerphile](https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/QRYzre4bf7I?local=true) <small>(YouTube)</small>
+- [Tor Onion Services - Computerphile](https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/lVcbq_a5N9I?local=true) <small>(YouTube)</small>
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/android.md

@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ The installation of GrapheneOS on a Pixel phone is easy with their [web installe
 A few more tips for purchasing a Google Pixel:
 
 - If you're after a bargain on a Pixel device, we suggest buying an "**a**" model, just after the next flagship is released. Discounts are usually available because Google will be trying to clear their stock.
-- Consider price beating options and specials offered at brick and mortar stores.
+- Consider price beating options and specials offered at physical stores.
 - Look at online community bargain sites in your country. These can alert you to good sales.
-- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: $\text{Cost} \over \text {EOL Date }-\text{ Current Date}$, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
+- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: $\text{Cost} \over \text {EOL Date}-\text{Current Date}$, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
 
 ## General Apps
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ To make sure that your hardware and operating system is genuine, [perform local
     ![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ align=right }
     ![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
 
-      **Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
+    **Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
 
     [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
@@ -312,10 +312,44 @@ If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature wi
 
 Due to their process of building apps, apps in the official F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust.
 
-Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
+Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
 
-That said, the [F-droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.
+That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.
 
 !!! note
 
-    In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-droid app to obtain it.
+    In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-Droid app to obtain it.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Operating Systems
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must support bootloader locking with custom AVB key support.
+- Must receive major Android updates within 0-1 months of release.
+- Must receive Android feature updates (minor version) within 0-14 days of release.
+- Must receive regular security patches within 0-5 days of release.
+- Must **not** be "rooted" out of the box.
+- Must **not** enable Google Play Services by default.
+- Must **not** require system modification to support Google Play Services.
+
+### Devices
+
+- Must support at least one of our recommended custom operating systems.
+- Must be currently sold new in stores.
+- Must receive a minimum of 5 years of security updates.
+- Must have dedicated secure element hardware.
+
+### Applications
+
+- Applications on this page must not be applicable to any other software category on the site.
+- General applications should extend or replace core system functionality.
+- Applications should receive regular updates and maintenance.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/assets/img/android/f-droid.svg

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docs/basics/account-creation.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Often people sign up for services without thinking. Maybe it's a streaming servi
 
 There are risks associated with every new service that you use. Data breaches; disclosure of customer information to third parties; rogue employees accessing data; all are possibilities that must be considered when giving your information out. You need to be confident that you can trust the service, which is why we don't recommend storing valuable data on anything but the most mature and battle-tested products. That usually means services which provide E2EE and have undergone a cryptographic audit. An audit increases assurance that the product was designed without glaring security issues caused by an inexperienced developer.
 
-It can also be difficult to delete the accounts on some services. Sometimes [overwriting data](account-deletion.en.md#overwriting-account-information) associated with an account can be possible, but in other cases the service will keep an entire history of changes to the account.
+It can also be difficult to delete the accounts on some services. Sometimes [overwriting data](account-deletion.md#overwriting-account-information) associated with an account can be possible, but in other cases the service will keep an entire history of changes to the account.
 
 ## Terms of Service & Privacy Policy
 
@@ -78,3 +78,5 @@ In many cases you will need to provide a number that you can receive SMS or call
 ### Username and password
 
 Some services allow you to register without using an email address and only require you to set a username and password. These services may provide increased anonymity when combined with a VPN or Tor. Keep in mind that for these accounts there will most likely be **no way to recover your account** in the event you forget your username or password.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/account-deletion.md

@@ -59,3 +59,5 @@ Even when you are able to delete an account, there is no guarantee that all your
 ## Avoid New Accounts
 
 As the old saying goes, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Whenever you feel tempted to sign up for a new account, ask yourself, "Do I really need this? Can I accomplish what I need to without an account?" It can often be much harder to delete an account than to create one. And even after deleting or changing the info on your account, there might be a cached version from a third-party—like the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/). Avoid the temptation when you're able to—your future self will thank you!
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/common-misconceptions.md

@@ -57,3 +57,5 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
     Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
 
 [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/common-threats.md

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ Mass surveillance is the intricate effort to monitor the "behavior, many activit
 
     If you want to learn more about surveillance methods and how they're implemented in your city you can also take a look at the [Atlas of Surveillance](https://atlasofsurveillance.org/) by the [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://www.eff.org/).
 
+    In France you can take a look at the [Technolopolice website](https://technopolice.fr/villes/) maintained by the non-profit association La Quadrature du Net.
+
 Governments often justify mass surveillance programs as necessary means to combat terrorism and prevent crime. However, breaching human rights, it's most often used to disproportionately target minority groups and political dissidents, among others.
 
 !!! quote "ACLU: [*The Privacy Lesson of 9/11: Mass Surveillance is Not the Way Forward*](https://www.aclu.org/news/national-security/the-privacy-lesson-of-9-11-mass-surveillance-is-not-the-way-forward)"
@@ -143,3 +145,5 @@ You must always consider the risks of trying to bypass censorship, the potential
 [^3]: Wikipedia: [*Surveillance capitalism*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism)
 [^4]: "[Enumerating badness](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/)" (or, "listing all the bad things that we know about"), as many adblockers and antivirus programs do, fails to adequately protect you from new and unknown threats because they have not yet been added to the filter list. You should also employ other mitigation techniques.
 [^5]: United Nations: [*Universal Declaration of Human Rights*](https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights).
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/email-security.md

@@ -38,3 +38,5 @@ Email metadata is protected from outside observers with [Opportunistic TLS](http
 ### Why Can't Metadata be E2EE?
 
 Email metadata is crucial to the most basic functionality of email (where it came from, and where it has to go). E2EE was not built into the email protocols originally, instead requiring add-on software like OpenPGP. Because OpenPGP messages still have to work with traditional email providers, it cannot encrypt email metadata, only the message body itself. That means that even when using OpenPGP, outside observers can see lots of information about your messages, such as who you're emailing, the subject lines, when you're emailing, etc.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/multi-factor-authentication.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ When you create an account, the public key is sent to the service, then when you
 This presentation discusses the history of password authentication, the pitfalls (such as password reuse), and discussion of FIDO2 and [WebAuthn](https://webauthn.guide) standards.
 
 <div class="yt-embed">
-  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/aMo4ZlWznao" title="How FIDO2 and WebAuthn Stop Account Takeovers" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/aMo4ZlWznao?local=true" title="How FIDO2 and WebAuthn Stop Account Takeovers" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
 </div>
 
 FIDO2 and WebAuthn have superior security and privacy properties when compared to any MFA methods.
@@ -161,3 +161,5 @@ SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How
 ### KeePass (and KeePassXC)
 
 KeePass and KeePassXC databases can be secured using Challenge-Response or HOTP as a second-factor authentication. Yubico has provided a document for KeePass [Using Your YubiKey with KeePass](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013779759-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-KeePass) and there is also one on the [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org/docs/#faq-yubikey-2fa) website.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/passwords-overview.md

@@ -25,11 +25,10 @@ You should avoid changing passwords that you have to remember (such as your pass
 
 When it comes to passwords that you don't have to remember (such as passwords stored inside your password manager), if your [threat model](threat-modeling.md) calls for it, we recommend going through important accounts (especially accounts that don't use multi-factor authentication) and changing their password every couple of months, in case they have been compromised in a data breach that hasn't become public yet. Most password managers allow you to set an expiry date for your password to make this easier to manage.
 
-!!! Tip "Checking for data breaches"
+!!! tip "Checking for data breaches"
 
     If your password manager lets you check for compromised passwords, make sure to do so and promptly change any password that may have been exposed in a data breach. Alternatively, you could follow [Have I Been Pwned's Latest Breaches feed](https://feeds.feedburner.com/HaveIBeenPwnedLatestBreaches) with the help of a [news aggregator](../news-aggregators.md).
 
-
 ## Creating strong passwords
 
 ### Passwords
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ An example of a diceware passphrase is `viewable fastness reluctant squishy seve
 
 To generate a diceware passphrase using real dice, follow these steps:
 
-!!! Note
+!!! note
 
     These instructions assume that you are using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate the passphrase, which requires five dice rolls per word. Other wordlists may require more or less rolls per word, and may require a different amount of words to achieve the same entropy.
 
@@ -60,15 +59,15 @@ To generate a diceware passphrase using real dice, follow these steps:
 
 4. Repeat this process until your passphrase has as many words as you need, which you should separate with a space.
 
-!!! Warning "Important"
+!!! warning "Important"
 
     You should **not** re-roll words until you get a combination of words that appeal to you. The process should be completely random.
 
 If you don't have access to or would prefer to not use real dice, you can use your password manager's built-in password generator, as most of them have the option to generate diceware passphrases in addition to regular passwords.
 
-We recommend using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate your diceware passphrases, as it offers the exact same security as the original list, while containing words that are easier to memorize. There are also other wordlists in different languages, if you do not want your passphrase to be in English.
+We recommend using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate your diceware passphrases, as it offers the exact same security as the original list, while containing words that are easier to memorize. There are also [other wordlists in different languages](https://theworld.com/~reinhold/diceware.html#Diceware%20in%20Other%20Languages|outline), if you do not want your passphrase to be in English.
 
-??? Note "Explanation of entropy and strength of diceware passphrases"
+??? note "Explanation of entropy and strength of diceware passphrases"
 
     To demonstrate how strong diceware passphrases are, we'll use the aforementioned seven word passphrase (`viewable fastness reluctant squishy seventeen shown pencil`) and [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) as an example.
 
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose o
 
 [List of recommended password managers](../passwords.md){ .md-button }
 
-!!! Warning "Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager"
+!!! warning "Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager"
 
     When using TOTP codes as [multi-factor authentication](../multi-factor-authentication.md), the best security practice is to keep your TOTP codes in a [separate app](../multi-factor-authentication.md#authenticator-apps).
 
@@ -109,3 +108,5 @@ There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose o
 ### Backups
 
 You should store an [encrypted](../encryption.md) backup of your passwords on multiple storage devices or a cloud storage provider. This can help you access your passwords if something happens to your primary device or the service you are using.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/threat-modeling.md

@@ -102,3 +102,5 @@ For people looking to increase their privacy and security online, we've compiled
 ## Sources
 
 - [EFF Surveillance Self Defense: Your Security Plan](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/your-security-plan)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/basics/vpn-overview.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ However, they do hide your actual IP from a third-party service, provided that t
 
 ## When shouldn't I use a VPN?
 
-Using a VPN in cases where you're using your [known identity](../basics/common-threats.en.md#common-misconceptions) is unlikely be useful.
+Using a VPN in cases where you're using your [known identity](common-threats.md#common-misconceptions) is unlikely be useful.
 
 Doing so may trigger spam and fraud detection systems, such as if you were to log into your bank's website.
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ A VPN may still be useful to you in a variety of scenarios, such as:
 1. Hiding your downloads (such as torrents) from your ISP and anti-piracy organizations.
 1. Hiding your IP from third-party websites and services, preventing IP based tracking.
 
-For use cases like these, or if you have another compelling reason, the VPN providers we listed above are who we think are the most trustworthy. However, using a VPN provider still means you're *trusting* the provider. In pretty much any other scenario you should be using a secure**-by-design** tool such as Tor.
+For situations like these, or if you have another compelling reason, the VPN providers we listed above are who we think are the most trustworthy. However, using a VPN provider still means you're *trusting* the provider. In pretty much any other scenario you should be using a secure**-by-design** tool such as Tor.
 
 ## Sources and Further Reading
 
@@ -74,3 +74,5 @@ For use cases like these, or if you have another compelling reason, the VPN prov
 - [Free VPN App Investigation](https://www.top10vpn.com/free-vpn-app-investigation/)
 - [Hidden VPN owners unveiled: 101 VPN products run by just 23 companies](https://vpnpro.com/blog/hidden-vpn-owners-unveiled-97-vpns-23-companies/)
 - [This Chinese company is secretly behind 24 popular apps seeking dangerous permissions](https://vpnpro.com/blog/chinese-company-secretly-behind-popular-apps-seeking-dangerous-permissions/)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/calendar.md

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 ---
-title: "Calendar and Contact Sync"
-icon: material/calendar-account
+title: "Calendar Sync"
+icon: material/calendar
 ---
-Calendars and contacts contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement E2EE at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.
+Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement E2EE at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.
 
 ## Tutanota
 
 !!! recommendation
 
-    ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar-contacts/tutanota.svg#only-light){ align=right }
-    ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar-contacts/tutanota-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+    ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar/tutanota.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar/tutanota-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
 
     **Tutanota** offers a free and encrypted calendar across their supported platforms. Features include: automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, multi-factor authentication, and [more](https://tutanota.com/calendar-app-comparison/).
 
@@ -35,12 +35,10 @@ Calendars and contacts contain some of your most sensitive data; use products th
 
 !!! recommendation
 
-    ![Proton](assets/img/calendar-contacts/proton-calendar.svg){ align=right }
+    ![Proton](assets/img/calendar/proton-calendar.svg){ align=right }
 
     **Proton Calendar** is an encrypted calendar service available to Proton members via web or mobile clients. Features include: automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, and [more](https://proton.me/support/proton-calendar-guide). Those on the free tier get access to a single calendar, whereas paid subscribers can create up to 20 calendars. Extended sharing functionality is also limited to paid subscribers.
 
-    **Proton Mail** can be used to synchronize contacts. Likewise, the service is currently only available via the web and mobile clients.
-
     [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/calendar){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
     [:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/proton-calendar-guide){ .card-link title=Documentation}
@@ -51,5 +49,22 @@ Calendars and contacts contain some of your most sensitive data; use products th
         - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.proton.android.calendar)
         - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://calendar.proton.me)
 
-!!! warning
-    Proton [does not](https://proton.me/support/proton-contacts#verify) use E2EE for your contact names and email addresses.
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Qualifications
+
+- Must sync and store information with E2EE to ensure data is not visible to the service provider.
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Should integrate with native OS calendar and contact management apps if applicable.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/cloud.en.md

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
----
-title: "Cloud Storage"
-icon: material/file-cloud
----
-Many cloud storage providers require your full trust that they will not look at your files. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by either putting you in control of your data or by implementing E2EE.
-
-If these alternatives do not fit your needs, we suggest you look into [Encryption Software](encryption.md).
-
-## Proton Drive
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Proton Drive** is an E2EE general file storage service by the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail).
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/drive){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/drive){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail/WebClients){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.proton.android.drive)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1509667851)
-
-## Nextcloud
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/cloud/nextcloud.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
-        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/nextcloud)
-
-!!! danger
-
-    We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality.

docs/cloud.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "Cloud Storage"
+icon: material/file-cloud
+---
+Many cloud storage providers require your full trust that they will not look at your files. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by either putting you in control of your data or by implementing E2EE.
+
+If these alternatives do not fit your needs, we suggest you look into [Encryption Software](encryption.md).
+
+??? question "Looking for Nextcloud?"
+
+    Nextcloud is [still a recommended tool](productivity.md) for self-hosting a file management suite, however we do not recommend third-party Nextcloud storage providers at the moment, because we do not recommend Nextcloud's built-in E2EE functionality for home users.
+
+## Proton Drive
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Proton Drive** is an E2EE general file storage service by the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail).
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/drive){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/drive){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail/WebClients){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.proton.android.drive)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1509667851)
+
+Proton Drive's mobile clients were released in December 2022 and are not yet open-source. Proton has historically delayed their source code releases until after initial product releases, and [plans to](https://www.reddit.com/r/ProtonDrive/comments/zf14i8/comment/izdwmme/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3) release the source code by the end of 2023. Proton Drive desktop clients are still in development.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must enforce end-to-end encryption.
+- Must offer a free plan or trial period for testing.
+- Must support TOTP or FIDO2 multi-factor authentication, or Passkey logins.
+- Must offer a web interface which supports basic file management functionality.
+- Must allow for easy exports of all files/documents.
+- Must use standard, audited encryption.
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Clients should be open-source.
+- Clients should be audited in their entirety by an independent third-party.
+- Should offer native clients for Linux, Android, Windows, macOS, and iOS.
+    - These clients should integrate with native OS tools for cloud storage providers, such as Files app integration on iOS, or DocumentsProvider functionality on Android.
+- Should support easy file-sharing with other users.
+- Should offer at least basic file preview and editing functionality on the web interface.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/data-redaction.md

@@ -6,24 +6,6 @@ When sharing files, be sure to remove associated metadata. Image files commonly
 
 ## Desktop
 
-### ExifCleaner
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![ExifCleaner logo](assets/img/data-redaction/exifcleaner.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **ExifCleaner** is a freeware, open-source graphical app that uses [ExifTool](https://exiftool.org) to remove Exif metadata from images, videos, and PDF documents using a simple drag and drop interface. It supports multi-core batch processing and dark mode.
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://exifcleaner.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/szTheory/exifcleaner#readme){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/szTheory/exifcleaner){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://github.com/szTheory/exifcleaner/releases)
-        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://github.com/szTheory/exifcleaner/releases)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://github.com/szTheory/exifcleaner/releases)
-
 ### MAT2
 
 !!! recommendation
@@ -148,3 +130,16 @@ The app offers multiple ways to erase metadata from images. Namely:
     ```bash
     exiftool -all= *.file_extension
     ```
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Apps developed for open-source operating systems must be open-source.
+- Apps must be free and should not include ads or other limitations.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/desktop-browsers.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ icon: material/laptop
 ---
 These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. In general, we recommend keeping your browser extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.
 
-### Firefox
+## Firefox
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for
 !!! warning
     Firefox includes a unique [download token](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1677497#c0) in downloads from Mozilla's website and uses telemetry in Firefox to send the token. The token is **not** included in releases from the [Mozilla FTP](https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/).
 
-#### Recommended Configuration
+### Recommended Configuration
 
 Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Firefox, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
 
@@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ Additionally, the Firefox Accounts service collects [some technical data](https:
 
 This prevents you from unintentionally connecting to a website in plain-text HTTP. Sites without HTTPS are uncommon nowadays, so this should have little to no impact on your day to day browsing.
 
-#### Firefox Sync
+### Firefox Sync
 
 [Firefox Sync](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/11/firefox-sync-privacy/) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices and protects it with E2EE.
 
-#### Arkenfox (advanced)
+### Arkenfox (advanced)
 
 The [Arkenfox project](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js) provides a set of carefully considered options for Firefox. If you [decide](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/1.1-To-Arkenfox-or-Not) to use Arkenfox, a [few options](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.2-Overrides-[Common]) are subjectively strict and/or may cause some websites to not work properly - [which you can easily change](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.1-Overrides) to suit your needs. We **strongly recommend** reading through their full [wiki](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki). Arkenfox also enables [container](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers#w_for-advanced-users) support.
 
-### Brave
+## Brave
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ The [Arkenfox project](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js) provides a set of ca
 
     1. We advise against using the Flatpak version of Brave, as it replaces Chromium's sandbox with Flatpak's, which is less effective. Additionally, the package is not maintained by Brave Software, Inc.
 
-#### Recommended Configuration
+### Recommended Configuration
 
 Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ Under the *System* menu
 
 1. This option is not present on all platforms.
 
-#### Brave Sync
+### Brave Sync
 
 [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.
 
@@ -220,3 +220,43 @@ These are some other [filter lists](https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/wiki/Dashb
 
 - [x] Check **Privacy** > **AdGuard URL Tracking Protection**
 - Add [Actually Legitimate URL Shortener Tool](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DandelionSprout/adfilt/master/LegitimateURLShortener.txt)
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Supports automatic updates.
+- Receives engine updates in 0-1 days from upstream release.
+- Available on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
+- Any changes required to make the browser more privacy-respecting should not negatively impact user experience.
+- Blocks third-party cookies by default.
+- Supports [state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning) to mitigate cross-site tracking.[^1]
+
+[^1]: Brave's implementation is detailed at [Brave Privacy Updates: Partitioning network-state for privacy](https://brave.com/privacy-updates/14-partitioning-network-state/).
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Includes built-in content blocking functionality.
+- Supports cookie compartmentalization (à la [Multi-Account Containers](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers)).
+- Supports Progressive Web Apps.  
+  PWAs enable you to install certain websites as if they were native apps on your computer. This can have advantages over installing Electron-based apps, because you benefit from your browser's regular security updates.
+- Does not include add-on functionality (bloatware) that does not impact user privacy.
+- Does not collect telemetry by default.
+- Provides open-source sync server implementation.
+- Defaults to a [private search engine](search-engines.md).
+
+### Extension Criteria
+
+- Must not replicate built-in browser or OS functionality.
+- Must directly impact user privacy, i.e. must not simply provide information.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/desktop.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software
 
     ![Fedora logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-workstation.svg){ align=right }
 
-    **Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies before other distributions e.g., [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org), and soon, [FS-Verity](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/FsVerityRPM). These new technologies often come with improvements in security, privacy, and usability in general.
+    **Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies before other distributions e.g., [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org). These new technologies often come with improvements in security, privacy, and usability in general.
 
     [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://getfedora.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
@@ -162,3 +162,22 @@ By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypte
 Qubes OS is a Xen-based operating system meant to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (VMs), also known as *Qubes*.
 
 The Qubes OS operating system secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate VMs. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the system. For further details see the Qubes [FAQ](https://www.qubes-os.org/faq/).
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+Our recommended operating systems:
+
+- Must be open-source.
+- Must receive regular software and Linux kernel updates.
+- Linux distributions must support [Wayland](os/linux-overview.md#Wayland).
+- Must support full-disk encryption during installation.
+- Must not freeze regular releases for more than 1 year. We [do not recommend](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
+- Must support a wide variety of hardware.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/dns.md

@@ -27,12 +27,18 @@ icon: material/dns
 [^5]: NextDNS can provide insights and logging features on an opt-in basis. You can choose retention times and log storage locations for any logs you choose to keep. If it's not specifically requested, no data is logged. [https://nextdns.io/privacy](https://nextdns.io/privacy)
 [^6]: Quad9 collects some data for the purposes of threat monitoring and response. That data may then be remixed and shared, such as for the purpose of security research. Quad9 does not collect or record IP addresses or other data they deem personally identifiable. [https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/](https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/)
 
-The criteria for the servers listed above are:
+## Criteria
 
-- Must support [DNSSEC](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-dnssec)
-- [QNAME Minimization](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-qname-minimization)
-- Allow for [ECS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-edns-client-subnet-ecs) to be disabled
-- Prefer [anycast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast#Addressing_methods) support or geo-steering support
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must support [DNSSEC](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-dnssec).
+- [QNAME Minimization](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-qname-minimization).
+- Allow for [ECS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-edns-client-subnet-ecs) to be disabled.
+- Prefer [anycast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast#Addressing_methods) support or geo-steering support.
 
 ## Native Operating System Support
 
@@ -132,3 +138,5 @@ A self-hosted DNS solution is useful for providing filtering on controlled platf
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.pi-hole.net/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
     [:octicons-heart-16:](https://pi-hole.net/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/email-clients.md

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ icon: material/email-open
 Our recommendation list contains email clients that support both [OpenPGP](encryption.md#openpgp) and strong authentication such as [Open Authorization (OAuth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth). OAuth allows you to use [Multi-Factor Authentication](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md) and prevent account theft.
 
 ??? warning "Email does not provide forward secrecy"
+
     When using end-to-end encryption (E2EE) technology like OpenPGP, email will still have [some metadata](email.md#email-metadata-overview) that is not encrypted in the header of the email.
 
     OpenPGP also does not support [forward secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy), which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed: [How do I protect my private keys?](basics/email-security.md) Consider using a medium that provides forward secrecy:
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Privacy & S
 
     ![Apple Mail logo](assets/img/email-clients/applemail.png){ align=right }
 
-    **Apple Mail** is included in macOS and can be extended to have OpenPGP support with [GPG Suite](encryption.md#gpg-suite), which adds the ability to send encrypted email.
+    **Apple Mail** is included in macOS and can be extended to have OpenPGP support with [GPG Suite](encryption.md#gpg-suite), which adds the ability to send PGP-encrypted email.
 
     [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/welcome/mac){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
     [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/en-ww/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
@@ -148,6 +149,10 @@ Canary Mail is closed-source. We recommend it due to the few choices there are f
         - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fsck.k9)
         - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/k9mail/k-9/releases)
 
+!!! warning
+
+    When replying to someone on a mailing list the "reply" option may also include the mailing list. For more information see [thundernest/k-9 #3738](https://github.com/thundernest/k-9/issues/3738).
+
 ### Kontact (KDE)
 
 !!! recommendation
@@ -205,3 +210,29 @@ Canary Mail is closed-source. We recommend it due to the few choices there are f
 
         - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://neomutt.org/distro)
         - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://neomutt.org/distro)
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Qualifications
+
+- Apps developed for open-source operating systems must be open-source.
+- Must not collect telemetry, or have an easy way to disable all telemetry.
+- Must support OpenPGP message encryption.
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Should be open-source.
+- Should be cross-platform.
+- Should not collect any telemetry by default.
+- Should support OpenPGP natively, i.e. without extensions.
+- Should support storing OpenPGP encrypted emails locally.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/email.md

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third par
 
     Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their [encrypted mailbox](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/The+Encrypted+Mailbox). New messages that you receive will then be immediately encrypted with your public key.
 
-    However, [Open-Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange), the software platform used by Mailbox.org, [does not support](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/Encryption+of+calendar+and+address+book) the encryption of your address book and calendar. A [standalone option](calendar-contacts.md) may be more appropriate for that information.
+    However, [Open-Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange), the software platform used by Mailbox.org, [does not support](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/Encryption+of+calendar+and+address+book) the encryption of your address book and calendar. A [standalone option](calendar.md) may be more appropriate for that information.
 
 ??? success "Email Encryption"
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third par
 
     StartMail has [zero access encryption at rest](https://www.startmail.com/en/whitepaper/#_Toc458527835), using their "user vault" system. When you log in, the vault is opened, and the email is then moved to the vault out of the queue where it is decrypted by the corresponding private key.
 
-    StartMail supports importing [contacts](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006495557-Import-contacts) however, they are only accessible in the webmail and not through protocols such as [CalDAV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV). Contacts are also not stored using zero knowledge encryption, so a [standalone option](calendar-contacts.md) may be more appropriate.
+    StartMail supports importing [contacts](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006495557-Import-contacts) however, they are only accessible in the webmail and not through protocols such as [CalDAV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV). Contacts are also not stored using zero knowledge encryption.
 
 ??? success "Email Encryption"
 
@@ -373,9 +373,9 @@ For a more manual approach we've picked out these two articles:
 - [Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd](https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd/) (2019)
 - [How To Run Your Own Mail Server](https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/mail-server-guide/) (August 2017)
 
-## Our Criteria
+## Criteria
 
-**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend.** This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations. We have developed a clear set of requirements for any Email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an Email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the Email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any Email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an Email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the Email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
 
 ### Technology
 
@@ -483,3 +483,5 @@ Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:
 ### Additional Functionality
 
 While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/encryption.md

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Browser-based encryption can be useful when you need to encrypt a file but canno
     [:octicons-eye-16:](https://hat.sh/about/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://hat.sh/about/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/sh-dv/hat.sh){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Donations methods can be found at the bottom of the website" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sh-dv/hat.sh#donations){ .card-link title="Donations methods can be found at the bottom of the website" }
 
 ## Command-line
 
@@ -325,8 +325,31 @@ When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in
     [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.openkeychain.org/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.openkeychain.org/faq/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Donations can be made within the app" }
 
     ??? downloads
 
         - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.sufficientlysecure.keychain)
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Qualifications
+
+- Cross-platform encryption apps must be open-source.
+- File encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
+- External disk encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
+- Internal (OS) disk encryption apps must be cross-platform or built in to the operating system natively.
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave.
+- File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/file-sharing.md

@@ -45,6 +45,18 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
         - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://onionshare.org/#download)
         - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://onionshare.org/#download)
 
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must not store decrypted data on a remote server.
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must either have clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows; or have a web interface.
+
 ## FreedomBox
 
 !!! recommendation
@@ -60,7 +72,35 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
 
 ## File Sync
 
-### Syncthing
+### Nextcloud (Client-Server)
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/nextcloud)
+
+!!! danger
+
+    We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality.
+
+### Syncthing (P2P)
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -82,3 +122,26 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
         - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
         - [:simple-openbsd: OpenBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
         - [:simple-netbsd: NetBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+#### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must not require a third-party remote/cloud server.
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must either have clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows; or have a web interface.
+
+#### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Has mobile clients for iOS and Android, which at least support document previews.
+- Supports photo backup from iOS and Android, and optionally supports file/folder sync on Android.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/frontends.md

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ When you are using a Librarian instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of
 
 !!! tip
 
-    Nitter is useful if you want to browser Twitter content without having to log in and if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, as is the case with [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level. It also allows you to [create RSS feeds for Twitter](news-aggregators.md#twitter).
+    Nitter is useful if you want to browse Twitter content without having to log in and if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, as is the case with [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level. It also allows you to [create RSS feeds for Twitter](news-aggregators.md#twitter).
 
 When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Nitter, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ When you are using a ProxiTok instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of
         - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://freetubeapp.io/#download)
         - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.freetubeapp.FreeTube)
 
-!!! Warning
+!!! warning
 
     When using FreeTube, your IP address may still be known to YouTube, [Invidious](https://instances.invidious.io) or [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app/) depending on your configuration. Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) if your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires hiding your IP address.
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ When you are using a ProxiTok instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of
 
     **Yattee** is a free and open-source privacy oriented video player for iOS, tvOS and macOS for [YouTube](https://youtube.com). When using Yattee, your subscription list are saved locally on your device.
 
-    By default, Yattee blocks all YouTube advertisements. In addition, Yattee optionally integrates with [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) to help you skip sponsored video segments.
+    You will need to take a few [extra steps](https://gonzoknows.com/posts/Yattee/) before you can use Yattee to watch YouTube, due to App Store restrictions.
 
     [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://github.com/yattee/yattee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
     [:octicons-eye-16:](https://r.yattee.stream/docs/privacy.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
@@ -136,12 +136,38 @@ When you are using a ProxiTok instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of
         - [:simple-apple: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/yattee/id1595136629)
         - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/yattee/yattee/releases)
 
-Due to App Store restrictions, you'll need to take a few [extra steps](https://gonzoknows.com/posts/Yattee/) before you can use Yattee.
-
-!!! Warning
+!!! warning
 
     When using Yattee, your IP address may still be known to YouTube, [Invidious](https://instances.invidious.io), [Piped](https://github.com/TeamPiped/Piped/wiki/Instances) or [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app/) depending on your configuration. Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) if your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires hiding your IP address.
 
+By default, Yattee blocks all YouTube advertisements. In addition, Yattee optionally integrates with [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) to help you skip sponsored video segments.
+
+### LibreTube (Android)
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **LibreTube** is a free and open-source Android application for [YouTube](https://youtube.com) which uses the [Piped](#piped) API.
+
+    LibreTube allows you to store your subscription list and playlists locally on your Android device, or to an account on your Piped instance of choice, which allows you to access them seamlessly on other devices as well.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://libre-tube.github.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://github.com/libre-tube/LibreTube#privacy-policy-and-disclaimer){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/libre-tube/LibreTube#readme){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/libre-tube/LibreTube){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/libre-tube/LibreTube/releases)
+
+!!! warning
+
+    When using LibreTube, your IP address will be visible to the [Piped](https://github.com/TeamPiped/Piped/wiki/Instances) instance you choose and/or [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app/) depending on your configuration. Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) if your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires hiding your IP address.
+
+By default, LibreTube blocks all YouTube advertisements. Additionally, Libretube uses [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) to help you skip sponsored video segments. You are able to fully configure the types of segments that SponsorBlock will skip, or disable it completely. There is also a button on the video player itself to disable it for a specific video if desired.
+
 ### NewPipe (Android)
 
 !!! recommendation annotate
@@ -220,3 +246,23 @@ When you are using an Invidious instance, make sure to read the privacy policy o
 When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Piped, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
 
 When you are using a Piped instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. Piped instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect their associated privacy policy.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+Recommended frontends...
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must be self-hostable.
+- Must provide all basic website functionality available to anonymous users.
+
+We only consider frontends for websites which are...
+
+- Not normally accessible without JavaScript.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/index.md

@@ -6,45 +6,38 @@ hide:
   - feedback
 ---
 <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
 ## Why should I care?
 
 ##### “I have nothing to hide. Why should I care about my privacy?”
 
 Much like the right to interracial marriage, woman's suffrage, freedom of speech, and many others, our right to privacy hasn't always been upheld. In several dictatorships, it still isn't. Generations before ours fought for our right to privacy. ==Privacy is a human right, inherent to all of us,== that we are entitled to (without discrimination).
 
-You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy. We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. **Everyone** has something to protect. Privacy is something that makes you human.
+You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy. We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. **Everyone** has something to protect. Privacy is something that makes us human.
 
 [:material-target-account: Common Internet Threats](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
 
-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
 ## What should I do?
 
-##### First, you need to make a plan.
+##### First, you need to make a plan
 
 Trying to protect all your data from everyone all the time is impractical, expensive, and exhausting. But don't worry! Security is a process, and, by thinking ahead, you can put together a plan that's right for you. Security isn't just about the tools you use or the software you download. Rather, it begins by understanding the unique threats you face, and how you can mitigate them.
 
 ==This process of identifying threats and defining countermeasures is called **threat modeling**==, and it forms the basis of every good security and privacy plan.
 
 [:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>
 
-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
+---
+
 ## We need you! Here's how to get involved:
 
+[:simple-discourse:](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/){ title="Join our Forum" }
+[:simple-mastodon:](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me title="Follow us on Mastodon" }
+[:material-book-edit:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ title="Contribute to this website" }
+[:material-translate:](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh){ title="Help translate this website" }
+[:simple-matrix:](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org){ title="Chat with us on Matrix" }
+[:material-information-outline:](about/index.md){ title="Learn more about us" }
+[:material-hand-coin-outline:](about/donate.md){ title="Support the project" }
+
 It's important for a website like Privacy Guides to always stay up-to-date. We need our audience to keep an eye on software updates for the applications listed on our site and follow recent news about providers that we recommend. It's hard to keep up with the fast pace of the internet, but we try our best. If you spot an error, think a provider should not be listed, notice a qualified provider is missing, believe a browser plugin is no longer the best choice, or uncover any other issue, please let us know.
 
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
-- [:simple-discourse: Join our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
-- [:simple-mastodon: Follow us on Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
-- [:material-book-edit: Contribute to this website](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
-- [:simple-matrix: Chat with us on Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
-- [:material-information-outline: Learn more about us](about/index.md)
-- [:material-hand-coin-outline: Support the project](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/kb-archive.md

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
 - [Secure Data Erasure](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/)
 - [Integrating Metadata Removal](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/09/integrating-metadata-removal/)
 - [iOS Configuration Guide](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/22/ios-configuration-guide/)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/meta/brand.md

@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@ Additional branding guidelines can be found at [github.com/privacyguides/brand](
 "Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project.
 
 Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at jonah@privacyguides.org. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/meta/git-recommendations.md

@@ -43,3 +43,5 @@ If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR
 git fetch origin
 git rebase origin/main
 ```
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/meta/uploading-images.md

@@ -87,3 +87,5 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
       --protect-ids-noninkscape \
       input.svg output.svg
 ```
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/meta/writing-style.md

@@ -85,3 +85,5 @@ Source: [plainlanguage.gov](https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/conversatio
 > - “must not” for a prohibition
 > - “may” for a discretionary action
 > - “should” for a recommendation
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/mobile-browsers.md

@@ -166,3 +166,27 @@ If you use iCloud with Advanced Data Protection disabled, we also recommend chec
         - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1047223162)
 
 Additional filter lists do slow things down and may increase your attack surface, so only apply what you need.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must support automatic updates.
+- Must receive engine updates in 0-1 days from upstream release.
+- Any changes required to make the browser more privacy-respecting should not negatively impact user experience.
+- Android browsers must use the Chromium engine.
+    - Unfortunately, Mozilla GeckoView is still less secure than Chromium on Android.
+    - iOS browsers are limited to WebKit.
+
+### Extension Criteria
+
+- Must not replicate built-in browser or OS functionality.
+- Must directly impact user privacy, i.e. must not simply provide information.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/multi-factor-authentication.md

@@ -61,13 +61,37 @@ Nitrokey's firmware is open-source, unlike the YubiKey. The firmware on modern N
 
     The Nitrokey app, while compatible with Librem Keys, requires `libnitrokey` version 3.6 or above to recognize them. Currently, the package is outdated on Windows, macOS, and most Linux distributions' repository, so you will likely have to compile the Nitrokey app yourself to get it working with the Librem Key. On Linux, you can obtain an up-to-date version from [Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.nitrokey.nitrokey-app).
 
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+#### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must use high quality, tamper resistant hardware security modules.
+- Must support the latest FIDO2 specification.
+- Must not allow private key extraction.
+- Devices which cost over $35 must support handling OpenPGP and S/MIME.
+
+#### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Should be available in USB-C form-factor.
+- Should be available with NFC.
+- Should support TOTP secret storage.
+- Should support secure firmware updates.
+
 ## Authenticator Apps
 
 Authenticator Apps implement a security standard adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) called **Time-based One-time Passwords**, or **TOTP**. This is a method where websites share a secret with you which is used by your authenticator app to generate a six (usually) digit code based on the current time, which you enter while logging in for the website to check. Typically these codes are regenerated every 30 seconds, and once a new code is generated the old one becomes useless. Even if a hacker gets one six-digit code, there is no way for them to reverse that code to get the original secret or otherwise be able to predict what any future codes might be.
 
 We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternatives as Android and iOS have better security and app isolation than most desktop operating systems.
 
-### Aegis Authenticator
+### Aegis Authenticator (Android)
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -86,7 +110,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
         - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.beemdevelopment.aegis)
         - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/beemdevelopment/Aegis/releases)
 
-### Raivo OTP
+### Raivo OTP (iOS)
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -102,3 +126,18 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
     ??? downloads
 
         - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/raivo-otp/id1459042137)
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must not require internet connectivity.
+- Must not sync to a third-party cloud sync/backup service.
+    - **Optional** E2EE sync support with OS-native tools is acceptable, e.g. encrypted sync via iCloud.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/news-aggregators.md

@@ -121,6 +121,17 @@ A [news aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator) is a way to k
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://newsboat.org/releases/2.27/docs/newsboat.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/newsboat/newsboat){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
 
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must operate locally, i.e. must not be a cloud service.
+
 ## Social Media RSS Support
 
 Some social media services also support RSS although it's not often advertised.
@@ -158,3 +169,5 @@ You can subscribe YouTube channels without logging in and associating usage info
     ```text
     https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=[CHANNEL ID]
     ```
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/notebooks.md

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ If you are currently using an application like Evernote, Google Keep, or Microso
         - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/joplin-web-clipper/alofnhikmmkdbbbgpnglcpdollgjjfek)
 
 Joplin does not support password/PIN protection for the [application itself or individual notes and notebooks](https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/289). However, your data is still encrypted in transit and at the sync location using your master key.
-  
+Since January 2023, Joplin supports biometrics app lock for [Android](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_android/#android-v2-10-3-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-android-v2-10-3-pre-release-2023-01-05t11-29-06z) and [iOS](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_ios/#ios-v12-10-2-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-ios-v12-10-2-2023-01-20t17-41-13z).
+
 ### Standard Notes
 
 !!! recommendation
@@ -94,3 +95,22 @@ Cryptee offers 100MB of storage for free, with paid options if you need more. Si
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://orgmode.org/manuals.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs/org-mode.git){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
     [:octicons-heart-16:](https://liberapay.com/bzg){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Clients must be open-source.
+- Any cloud sync functionality must be E2EE.
+- Must support exporting documents into a standard format.
+
+### Best Case
+
+- Local backup/sync functionality should support encryption.
+- Cloud-based platforms should support document sharing.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/os/android-overview.md

@@ -130,3 +130,5 @@ You will either be given the option to delete your advertising ID or to *Opt out
 [SafetyNet](https://developer.android.com/training/safetynet/attestation) and the [Play Integrity APIs](https://developer.android.com/google/play/integrity) are generally used for [banking apps](https://grapheneos.org/usage#banking-apps). Many banking apps will work fine in GrapheneOS with sandboxed Play services, however some non-financial apps have their own crude anti-tampering mechanisms which might fail. GrapheneOS passes the `basicIntegrity` check, but not the certification check `ctsProfileMatch`. Devices with Android 8 or later have hardware attestation support which cannot be bypassed without leaked keys or serious vulnerabilities.
 
 As for Google Wallet, we don't recommend this due to their [privacy policy](https://payments.google.com/payments/apis-secure/get_legal_document?ldo=0&ldt=privacynotice&ldl=en), which states you must opt-out if you don't want your credit rating and personal information shared with affiliate marketing services.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/os/linux-overview.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/security/faq#ha
 We don’t believe holding packages back and applying interim patches is a good idea, as it diverges from the way the developer might have intended the software to work. [Richard Brown](https://rootco.de/aboutme/) has a presentation about this:
 
 <div class="yt-embed">
-  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/i8c0mg_mS7U" title="Regular Releases are Wrong, Roll for your life" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/i8c0mg_mS7U?local=true" title="Regular Releases are Wrong, Roll for your life" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
 </div>
 
 ### Traditional vs Atomic updates
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ A transactional update system creates a snapshot that is made before and after a
 The Atomic update method is used for immutable distributions like Silverblue, Tumbleweed, and NixOS and can achieve reliability with this model. [Adam Šamalík](https://twitter.com/adsamalik) provided a presentation on how `rpm-ostree` works with Silverblue:
 
 <div class="yt-embed">
-  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/-hpV5l-gJnQ" title="Let's try Fedora Silverblue — an immutable desktop OS! - Adam Šamalik" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+  <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/-hpV5l-gJnQ?local=true" title="Let's try Fedora Silverblue — an immutable desktop OS! - Adam Šamalik" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
 </div>
 
 ### “Security-focused” distributions
@@ -138,3 +138,5 @@ The Fedora Project [counts](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Co
 This [option](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) is currently off by default. We recommend adding `countme=false` to `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` just in case it is enabled in the future. On systems that use `rpm-ostree` such as Silverblue, the countme option is disabled by masking the [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems/) timer.
 
 openSUSE also uses a [unique ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) to count systems, which can be disabled by deleting the `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` file.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/os/qubes-overview.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Each Qubes application has a [colored border](https://www.qubes-os.org/screensho
 
 ## Why Should I use Qubes?
 
-Qubes OS is useful if your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) requires strong compartmentalization and security, such as if you think you'll be opening untrusted files from untrusted sources. A typical use-case for Qubes OS is for opening documents from an unknown source.
+Qubes OS is useful if your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) requires strong compartmentalization and security, such as if you think you'll be opening untrusted files from untrusted sources. A typical reason for using Qubes OS is to open documents from unknown sources.
 
 Qubes OS utilizes [Dom0](https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Dom0) Xen VM (i.e., an "AdminVM") for controlling other guest VMs or Qubes on the host OS. Other VMs display individual application windows within Dom0's desktop environment. It allows you to color code windows based on trust levels and run apps that can interact with each other with very granular control.
 
@@ -51,3 +51,5 @@ For additional information we encourage you to consult the extensive Qubes OS do
 - J. Rutkowska: [*Software compartmentalization vs. physical separation*](https://invisiblethingslab.com/resources/2014/Software_compartmentalization_vs_physical_separation.pdf)
 - J. Rutkowska: [*Partitioning my digital life into security domains*](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/03/13/partitioning-my-digital-life-into.html)
 - Qubes OS: [*Related Articles*](https://www.qubes-os.org/news/categories/#articles)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/passwords.md

@@ -103,6 +103,29 @@ One advantage 1Password has over Bitwarden is its first-class support for native
 
 Psono provides extensive documentation for their product. The web-client for Psono can be self-hosted; alternatively, you can choose the full Community Edition or the Enterprise Edition with additional features.
 
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+#### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must utilize strong, standards-based/modern E2EE.
+- Must have thoroughly documented encryption and security practices.
+- Must have a published audit from a reputable, independent third-party.
+- All non-essential telemetry must be optional.
+- Must not collect more PII than is necessary for billing purposes.
+
+#### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Telemetry should be opt-in (disabled by default) or not collected at all.
+- Should be open-source and reasonably self-hostable.
+
 ## Local Storage
 
 These options allow you to manage an encrypted password database locally.
@@ -170,11 +193,11 @@ KeePassXC stores its export data as [CSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-se
 
 Additionally, there is an offline-only version offered: [Strongbox Zero](https://apps.apple.com/app/strongbox-keepass-pwsafe/id1581589638). This version is stripped down in an attempt to reduce attack surface.
 
-## Command-line
+### Command-line
 
 These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting applications.
 
-### gopass
+#### gopass
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -193,3 +216,15 @@ These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting a
         - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.gopass.pw/#install-macos)
         - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.gopass.pw/#install-linux)
         - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.gopass.pw/#install-bsd)
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must be cross-platform.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/productivity.md

@@ -4,6 +4,74 @@ icon: material/file-sign
 ---
 Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
 
+## Collaboration Platforms
+
+### Nextcloud
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/nextcloud)
+
+!!! danger
+
+    We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality. For this reason, we don't recommend third-party Nextcloud providers.
+
+### CryptPad
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular office tools. All content on this web service is end-to-end encrypted and can be shared with other users easily.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptpad.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/GcNjAWmK6YDB3EO2IipRZ0fUe89j43Ryqeb4fjkjehE/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could reasonably act as a replacement to collaboration platforms like Google Drive.
+
+- Open-source.
+- Makes files accessible via WebDAV unless it is impossible due to E2EE.
+- Has sync clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
+- Supports document and spreadsheet editing.
+- Supports real-time document collaboration.
+- Supports exporting documents to standard document formats (e.g. ODF).
+
+#### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Should store files in a conventional filesystem.
+- Should support TOTP or FIDO2 multi-factor authentication support, or Passkey logins.
+
 ## Office Suites
 
 ### LibreOffice
@@ -53,19 +121,21 @@ Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has ac
         - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors)
         - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/onlyoffice-documentserver/)
 
-### CryptPad
+### Criteria
 
-!!! recommendation
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
 
-    ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ align=right }
+!!! example "This section is new"
 
-    **CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular office tools. All content on this web service is end-to-end encrypted and can be shared with other users easily.
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
 
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptpad.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/GcNjAWmK6YDB3EO2IipRZ0fUe89j43Ryqeb4fjkjehE/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+In general, we define office suites as applications which could reasonably act as a replacement for Microsoft Word for most needs.
+
+- Must be cross-platform.
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must function offline.
+- Must support editing documents, spreadsheets, and slideshows.
+- Must export files to standard document formats.
 
 ## Paste services
 
@@ -81,3 +151,5 @@ Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has ac
     [:octicons-server-16:](https://privatebin.info/directory/){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
     [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ){ .card-link title=Documentation}
     [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/real-time-communication.md

@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ These are our recommendations for encrypted real-time communication.
 
 [Types of Communication Networks :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](./advanced/communication-network-types.md)
 
-## Signal
+## Encrypted Messengers
+
+These messengers are great for securing your sensitive communications.
+
+### Signal
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -40,7 +44,67 @@ We have some additional tips on configuring and hardening your Signal installati
 
 [Signal Configuration and Hardening :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/)
 
-## Element
+### SimpleX Chat
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Simplex logo](assets/img/messengers/simplex.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **SimpleX** Chat is an instant messenger that is decentralized and doesn't depend on any unique identifiers such as phone numbers or usernames. Users of SimpleX Chat can scan a QR code or click an invite link to participate in group conversations.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://simplex.chat){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/PRIVACY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/tree/stable/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases)
+
+SimpleX Chat [was audited](https://simplex.chat/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html) by Trail of Bits in October 2022.
+
+Currently SimpleX Chat only provides a client for Android and iOS. Basic group chatting functionality, direct messaging, editing of messages and markdown are supported. E2EE Audio and Video calls are also supported.
+
+Your data can be exported, and imported onto another device, as there are no central servers where this is backed up.
+
+### Briar
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Briar logo](assets/img/messengers/briar.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Briar** is an encrypted instant messenger that [connects](https://briarproject.org/how-it-works/) to other clients using the Tor Network. Briar can also connect via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth when in local proximity. Briar’s local mesh mode can be useful when internet availability is a problem.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://briarproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://briarproject.org/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://briarproject.org/){ .card-link title="Donation options are listed on the bottom of the homepage" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.briarproject.briar.android)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
+        - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.briarproject.Briar)
+
+To add a contact on Briar, you must both add each other first. You can either exchange `briar://` links or scan a contact’s QR code if they are nearby.
+
+The client software was independently [audited](https://briarproject.org/news/2017-beta-released-security-audit/), and the anonymous routing protocol uses the Tor network which has also been audited.
+
+Briar has a fully [published specification](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec).
+
+Briar supports perfect forward secrecy by using the Bramble [Handshake](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BHP.md) and [Transport](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BTP.md) protocol.
+
+## Additional Options
+
+!!! warning
+
+    These messengers do not have Perfect [Forward Secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy) (PFS), and while they fulfill certain needs that our previous recommendations may not, we do not recommend them for long-term or sensitive communications. Any key compromise among message recipients would affect the confidentiality of **all** past communications.
+
+### Element
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -69,34 +133,11 @@ Profile pictures, reactions, and nicknames are not encrypted.
 
 Group voice and video calls are [not](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/12878) E2EE, and use Jitsi, but this is expected to change with [Native Group VoIP Signalling](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3401). Group calls have [no authentication](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/13074) currently, meaning that non-room participants can also join the calls. We recommend that you do not use this feature for private meetings.
 
+The Matrix protocol itself [theoretically supports PFS](https://gitlab.matrix.org/matrix-org/olm/blob/master/docs/megolm.md#partial-forward-secrecy), however this is [not currently supported in Element](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/7101) due to it breaking some aspects of the user experience such as key backups and shared message history.
+
 The protocol was independently [audited](https://matrix.org/blog/2016/11/21/matrixs-olm-end-to-end-encryption-security-assessment-released-and-implemented-cross-platform-on-riot-at-last) in 2016. The specification for the Matrix protocol can be found in their [documentation](https://spec.matrix.org/latest/). The [Olm](https://matrix.org/docs/projects/other/olm) cryptographic ratchet used by Matrix is an implementation of Signal’s [Double Ratchet algorithm](https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet/).
 
-## SimpleX Chat
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Simplex logo](assets/img/messengers/simplex.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **SimpleX** Chat is an instant messenger that is decentralized and doesn't depend on any unique identifiers such as phone numbers or usernames. Users of SimpleX Chat can scan a QR code or click an invite link to participate in group conversations.
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://simplex.chat){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/PRIVACY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/tree/stable/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084)
-        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases)
-
-SimpleX Chat [was audited](https://simplex.chat/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html) by Trail of Bits in October 2022.
-
-Currently SimpleX Chat only provides a client for Android and iOS. Basic group chatting functionality, direct messaging, editing of messages and markdown are supported. E2EE Audio and Video calls are also supported. 
-
-Your data can be exported, and imported onto another device, as there are no central servers where this is backed up.
-
-## Session
+### Session
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -122,37 +163,33 @@ Your data can be exported, and imported onto another device, as there are no cen
 
 Session allows for E2EE in one-on-one chats or closed groups which allow for up to 100 members. Open groups have no restriction on the number of members, but are open by design.
 
-Session does [not](https://getsession.org/blog/session-protocol-technical-information) support perfect forward secrecy, which is when an encryption system automatically and frequently changes the keys it uses to encrypt and decrypt information, such that if the latest key is compromised it exposes a smaller portion of sensitive information.
+Session does [not](https://getsession.org/blog/session-protocol-technical-information) support PFS, which is when an encryption system automatically and frequently changes the keys it uses to encrypt and decrypt information, such that if the latest key is compromised it exposes a smaller portion of sensitive information.
 
 Oxen requested an independent audit for Session in March of 2020. The audit [concluded](https://getsession.org/session-code-audit) in April of 2021, “The overall security level of this application is good and makes it usable for privacy-concerned people.”
 
 Session has a [whitepaper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04609.pdf) describing the technicals of the app and protocol.
 
-## Briar
+## Criteria
 
-!!! recommendation
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
 
-    ![Briar logo](assets/img/messengers/briar.svg){ align=right }
+!!! example "This section is new"
 
-    **Briar** is an encrypted instant messenger that [connects](https://briarproject.org/how-it-works/) to other clients using the Tor Network. Briar can also connect via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth when in local proximity. Briar’s local mesh mode can be useful when internet availability is a problem.
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
 
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://briarproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://briarproject.org/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://briarproject.org/){ .card-link title="Donation options are listed on the bottom of the homepage" }
+- Must have open-source clients.
+- Must use E2EE for private messages by default.
+- Must support E2EE for all messages.
+- Must have been independently audited.
 
-    ??? downloads
+### Best-Case
 
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.briarproject.briar.android)
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
-        - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.briarproject.Briar)
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
 
-To add a contact on Briar, you must both add each other first. You can either exchange `briar://` links or scan a contact’s QR code if they are nearby.
+- Should have Perfect Forward Secrecy.
+- Should have open-source servers.
+- Should be decentralized, i.e. federated or P2P.
+- Should use E2EE for all messages by default.
+- Should support Linux, macOS, Windows, Android, and iOS.
 
-The client software was independently [audited](https://briarproject.org/news/2017-beta-released-security-audit/), and the anonymous routing protocol uses the Tor network which has also been audited.
-
-Briar has a fully [published specification](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec).
-
-Briar supports perfect forward secrecy by using the Bramble [Handshake](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BHP.md) and [Transport](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BTP.md) protocol.
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/router.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ You can consult OpenWrt's [table of hardware](https://openwrt.org/toh/start) to
 
 !!! recommendation
 
-    ![pfSense logo](assets/img/router/opnsense.svg){ align=right }
+    ![OPNsense logo](assets/img/router/opnsense.svg){ align=right }
 
     **OPNsense** is an open source, FreeBSD-based firewall and routing platform which incorporates many advanced features such as traffic shaping, load balancing, and VPN capabilities, with many more features available in the form of plugins. OPNsense is commonly deployed as a perimeter firewall, router, wireless access point, DHCP server, DNS server, and VPN endpoint.
 
@@ -34,3 +34,17 @@ You can consult OpenWrt's [table of hardware](https://openwrt.org/toh/start) to
     [:octicons-heart-16:](https://opnsense.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
 
 OPNsense was originally developed as a fork of [pfSense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PfSense), and both projects are noted for being free and reliable firewall distributions which offer features often only found in expensive commercial firewalls. Launched in 2015, the developers of OPNsense [cited](https://docs.opnsense.org/history/thefork.html) a number of security and code-quality issues with pfSense which they felt necessitated a fork of the project, as well as concerns about Netgate's majority acquisition of pfSense and the future direction of the pfSense project.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must be open source.
+- Must receive regular updates.
+- Must support a wide variety of hardware.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/search-engines.md

@@ -84,3 +84,25 @@ When you are using a SearXNG instance, be sure to go read their privacy policy.
 Startpage is based in the Netherlands. According to their [privacy policy](https://www.startpage.com/en/privacy-policy/), they log details such as: operating system, type of browser, and language. They do not log your IP address, search queries, or other personally identifying information.
 
 Startpage's majority shareholder is System1 who is an adtech company. We don't believe that to be an issue as they have a distinctly separate [privacy policy](https://system1.com/terms/privacy-policy). The Privacy Guides team reached out to Startpage [back in 2020](https://web.archive.org/web/20210118031008/https://blog.privacytools.io/relisting-startpage/) to clear up any concerns with System1's sizeable investment into the service. We were satisfied with the answers we received.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Minimum Requirements
+
+- Must not collect personally identifiable information per their privacy policy.
+- Must not allow users to create an account with them.
+
+### Best-Case
+
+Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+
+- Should be based on open-source software.
+- Should not block Tor exit node IP addresses.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/tools.md

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ hide:
   - toc
 ---
 
-If you're looking for a specific solution to something, these are the hardware and software tools we recommend in a variety of categories. Our recommended privacy tools are primarily chosen based on security features, with additional emphasis on decentralized and open-source tools. They are applicable to a variety of threat models ranging from protection against global mass surveillance programs and avoiding big tech companies to mitigating attacks, but only you can determine what will work best for your use case.
+If you're looking for a specific solution to something, these are the hardware and software tools we recommend in a variety of categories. Our recommended privacy tools are primarily chosen based on security features, with additional emphasis on decentralized and open-source tools. They are applicable to a variety of threat models ranging from protection against global mass surveillance programs and avoiding big tech companies to mitigating attacks, but only you can determine what will work best for your needs.
 
-If you want assistance figuring out the best privacy tools and alternative programs for your workload/use-case, start a discussion on our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) or our [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org) community!
+If you want assistance figuring out the best privacy tools and alternative programs for your needs, start a discussion on our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) or our [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org) community!
 
 For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips or tricks we recommend, click the "Learn more" link in each section, or click on the recommendation itself to be taken to that specific section of the page.
 
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
 
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 
-- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/cloud/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](cloud.md#nextcloud)
 - ![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Drive](cloud.md#proton-drive)
 
 </div>
@@ -237,22 +236,21 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 
 ## Software
 
-### Calendar/Contacts Sync
+### Calendar Sync
 
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 
-- ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar-contacts/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](calendar-contacts.md#tutanota)
-- ![Proton Calendar logo](assets/img/calendar-contacts/proton-calendar.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Calendar](calendar-contacts.md#proton-calendar)
+- ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](calendar.md#tutanota)
+- ![Proton Calendar logo](assets/img/calendar/proton-calendar.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Calendar](calendar.md#proton-calendar)
 
 </div>
 
-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](calendar-contacts.md)
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](calendar.md)
 
 ### Data and Metadata Redaction
 
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 
-- ![ExifCleaner logo](assets/img/data-redaction/exifcleaner.svg){ .twemoji } [ExifCleaner](data-redaction.md#exifcleaner)
 - ![MAT2 logo](assets/img/data-redaction/mat2.svg){ .twemoji } [MAT2](data-redaction.md#mat2)
 - ![ExifEraser logo](assets/img/data-redaction/exiferaser.svg){ .twemoji } [ExifEraser (Android)](data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android)
 - ![Metapho logo](assets/img/data-redaction/metapho.jpg){ .twemoji } [Metapho (iOS)](data-redaction.md#metapho-ios)
@@ -322,6 +320,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 - ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ .twemoji } [Send](file-sharing.md#send)
 - ![OnionShare logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/onionshare.svg){ .twemoji } [OnionShare](file-sharing.md#onionshare)
 - ![FreedomBox logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg){ .twemoji } [FreedomBox](file-sharing.md#freedombox)
+- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
 - ![Syncthing logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/syncthing.svg){ .twemoji } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing)
 
 </div>
@@ -336,6 +335,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 - ![Nitter logo](assets/img/frontends/nitter.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitter (Twitter, Web)](frontends.md#nitter)
 - ![FreeTube logo](assets/img/frontends/freetube.svg){ .twemoji } [FreeTube (YouTube, Desktop)](frontends.md#freetube)
 - ![Yattee logo](assets/img/frontends/yattee.svg){ .twemoji } [Yattee (YouTube; iOS, tvOS, macOS)](frontends.md#yattee)
+- ![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [LibreTube (YouTube, Android)](frontends.md#libretube-android)  
 - ![NewPipe logo](assets/img/frontends/newpipe.svg){ .twemoji } [NewPipe (YouTube, Android)](frontends.md#newpipe-android)
 - ![Invidious logo](assets/img/frontends/invidious.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Invidious logo](assets/img/frontends/invidious-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Invidious (YouTube, Web)](frontends.md#invidious)
 - ![Piped logo](assets/img/frontends/piped.svg){ .twemoji } [Piped (YouTube, Web)](frontends.md#piped)
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 
+- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
 - ![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/libreoffice.svg){ .twemoji } [LibreOffice](productivity.md#libreoffice)
 - ![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/onlyoffice.svg){ .twemoji } [OnlyOffice](productivity.md#onlyoffice)
 - ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ .twemoji } [CryptPad](productivity.md#cryptpad)
@@ -420,10 +421,10 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 
 - ![Signal logo](assets/img/messengers/signal.svg){ .twemoji } [Signal](real-time-communication.md#signal)
-- ![Element logo](assets/img/messengers/element.svg){ .twemoji } [Element](real-time-communication.md#element)
-- ![Session logo](assets/img/messengers/session.svg){ .twemoji } [Session](real-time-communication.md#session)
 - ![Briar logo](assets/img/messengers/briar.svg){ .twemoji } [Briar](real-time-communication.md#briar)
 - ![SimpleX Chat logo](assets/img/messengers/simplex.svg){ .twemoji } [SimpleX Chat](real-time-communication.md#simplex-chat)
+- ![Element logo](assets/img/messengers/element.svg){ .twemoji } [Element](real-time-communication.md#element)
+- ![Session logo](assets/img/messengers/session.svg){ .twemoji } [Session](real-time-communication.md#session)
 
 </div>
 
@@ -438,3 +439,5 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 </div>
 
 [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](video-streaming.md)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/tor.md

@@ -120,3 +120,5 @@ For resistance against traffic analysis attacks, consider enabling *Isolate Dest
 Snowflake does not increase your privacy in any way, nor is it used to connect to the Tor network within your personal browser. However, if your internet connection is uncensored, you should consider running it to help people in censored networks achieve better privacy themselves. There is no need to worry about which websites people are accessing through your proxy—their visible browsing IP address will match their Tor exit node, not yours.
 
 Running a Snowflake proxy is low-risk, even moreso than running a Tor relay or bridge which are already not particularly risky endeavours. However, it does still proxy traffic through your network which can be impactful in some ways, especially if your network is bandwidth-limited. Make sure you understand [how Snowflake works](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/home) before deciding whether to run a proxy.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/video-streaming.md

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ icon: material/video-wireless
 ---
 The primary threat when using a video streaming platform is that your streaming habits and subscription lists could be used to profile you. You should combine these tools with a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org/) to make it harder to profile your usage.
 
-## Clients
-
-### LBRY
+## LBRY
 
 !!! recommendation
 
@@ -37,4 +35,17 @@ The primary threat when using a video streaming platform is that your streaming
 
 We recommend **against** synchronizing your wallet with LBRY Inc., as synchronizing encrypted wallets is not supported yet. If you synchronize your wallet with LBRY Inc., you have to trust them to not look at your subscription list, [LBC](https://lbry.com/faq/earn-credits) funds, or take control of your channel.
 
-You can disable *Save hosting data to help the LBRY network* option in :gear: **Settings** → **Advanced Settings**, to avoid exposing your IP address and watched videos when using LBRY for a prolonged period of time.
+You can disable *Save hosting data to help the LBRY network* option in :gear: **Settings** → **Advanced Settings**, to avoid exposing your IP address and watched videos when using LBRY for a prolonged period of time.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must not require a centralized account to view videos.
+    - Decentralized authentication, such as via a mobile wallet's private key is acceptable.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

docs/vpn.md

@@ -222,13 +222,13 @@ Find a no-logging VPN operator who isn’t out to sell or read your web traffic.
 
     Mullvad is very transparent about which nodes they [own or rent](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). They use [ShadowSocks](https://shadowsocks.org/) in their ShadowSocks + OpenVPN configuration, making them more resistant against firewalls with [Deep Packet Inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) trying to block VPNs. Supposedly, [China has to use a different method to block ShadowSocks servers](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/22). Mullvad's website is also accessible via Tor at [o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion).
 
-## Our Criteria
+## Criteria
 
 !!! danger
 
     It is important to note that using a VPN provider will not make you anonymous, but it will give you better privacy in certain situations. A VPN is not a tool for illegal activities. Don't rely on a "no log" policy.
 
-**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations.** We have developed a clear set of requirements for any VPN provider wishing to be recommended, including strong encryption, independent security audits, modern technology, and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a VPN provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the VPN provider you choose is as trustworthy as possible.
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any VPN provider wishing to be recommended, including strong encryption, independent security audits, modern technology, and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a VPN provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the VPN provider you choose is as trustworthy as possible.
 
 ### Technology
 
@@ -319,3 +319,5 @@ Responsible marketing that is both educational and useful to the consumer could
 ### Additional Functionality
 
 While not strictly requirements, there are some factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend. These include adblocking/tracker-blocking functionality, warrant canaries, multihop connections, excellent customer support, the number of allowed simultaneous connections, etc.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.en.txt"

i18n/ar/404.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - feedback
+---
+
+# 404 - Not Found
+
+We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
+
+- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
+- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
+- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
+- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
+- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Community Code of Conduct
+
+**We pledge** to make our community a harassment-free experience for everyone.
+
+**We strive** to create a positive environment, using welcoming and inclusive language, and being respectful of the viewpoints of others.
+
+**We do not allow** inappropriate or otherwise unacceptable behavior, such as sexualized language, trolling and insulting comments, or otherwise promoting intolerance or harassment.
+
+## Community Standards
+
+What we expect from members of our communities:
+
+1. **Don't spread misinformation**
+
+      We are creating an evidence-based educational community around information privacy and security, not a home for conspiracy theories. For example, when making a claim that a certain piece of software is malicious or that certain telemetry data is privacy invasive, explain in detail what is collected and how it collected. Claims of this nature must be backed by technical evidence.
+
+1. **Don't abuse our willingness to help**
+
+      Our community members are not your free tech support. We are happy to help you with specific steps on your privacy journey if you are willing to put in effort on your end. We are not willing to answer endlessly repeated questions about generic computer problems you could have answered yourself with a 30-second internet search. Don't be a [help vampire](https://slash7.com/2006/12/22/vampires/).
+
+1. **Behave in a positive and constructive manner**
+
+      Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
+
+      - Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+      - Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+      - Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+      - Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
+      - Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community
+
+### Unacceptable Behavior
+
+The following behaviors are considered harassment and are unacceptable within our community:
+
+- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
+- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+- Public or private harassment
+- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
+- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
+
+## Scope
+
+Our Code of Conduct applies within all project spaces, as well as when an individual is representing the Privacy Guides project in other communities.
+
+We are responsible for clarifying the standards of our community, and have the right to remove or alter the comments of those participating within our community, as necessary and at our discretion.
+
+### Contact
+
+If you observe a problem on a platform like Matrix or Reddit, please contact our moderators on that platform in chat, via DM, or through any designated "Modmail" system.
+
+If you have a problem elsewhere, or a problem our community moderators are unable to resolve, reach out to `jonah@privacyguides.org` and/or `dngray@privacyguides.org`.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.

i18n/ar/about/criteria.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: General Criteria
+---
+
+!!! example "Work in Progress"
+
+    The following page is a work in progress, and does not reflect the full criteria for our recommendations at this time. Past discussion on this topic: [#24](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/discussions/24)
+
+Below are some things that must apply to all submissions to Privacy Guides. Each category will have additional requirements for inclusion.
+
+## Financial Disclosure
+
+We do not make money from recommending certain products, we do not use affiliate links, and we do not provide special consideration to project donors.
+
+## General Guidelines
+
+We apply these priorities when considering new recommendations:
+
+- **Secure**: Tools should follow security best-practices wherever applicable.
+- **Source Availability**: Open source projects are generally preferred over equivalent proprietary alternatives.
+- **Cross-Platform**: We typically prefer recommendations to be cross-platform, to avoid vendor lock-in.
+- **Active Development**: The tools that we recommend should be actively developed, unmaintained projects will be removed in most cases.
+- **Usability**: Tools should be accessible to most computer users, an overly technical background should not be required.
+- **Documented**: Tools should have clear and extensive documentation for use.
+
+## Developer Self-Submissions
+
+We have these requirements in regard to developers which wish to submit their project or software for consideration.
+
+- Must disclose affiliation, i.e. your position within the project being submitted.
+
+- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage etc.
+    - Third party audit status. We want to know if you have one, or have one planned. If possible please mention who will be conducting the audit.
+
+- Must explain what the project brings to the table in regard to privacy.
+    - Does it solve any new problem?
+    - Why should anyone use it over the alternatives?
+
+- Must state what the exact threat model is with their project.
+    - It should be clear to potential users what the project can provide, and what it cannot.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/donate.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: قم بدعمنا
+---
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD036 -->
+It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, consider getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
+
+If you want to support us financially, the most convenient method for us is contributing via Open Collective, a website operated by our fiscal host. Open Collective accepts payments via credit/debit card, PayPal, and bank transfers.
+
+[Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
+
+Donations made directly to us on Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.
+
+If you already make use of GitHub sponsorships, you can also sponsor our organization there.
+
+[Sponsor us on GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides ""){.md-button}
+
+## Backers
+
+A special thanks to all those who support our mission! :heart:
+
+*Please note: This section loads a widget directly from Open Collective. This section does not reflect donations made outside of Open Collective, and we have no control over the specific donors featured in this section.*
+
+<script src="https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/banner.js"></script>
+
+## How We Use Donations
+
+Privacy Guides is a **non-profit** organization. We use donations for a variety of purposes, including:
+
+**Domain Registrations**
+:
+
+We have a few domain names like `privacyguides.org` which cost us around $10 yearly to maintain their registration.
+
+**Web Hosting**
+:
+
+Traffic to this website uses hundreds of gigabytes of data per month, we use a variety of service providers to keep up with this traffic.
+
+**Online Services**
+:
+
+We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasing different privacy-products we like and [recommend](../tools.md). Some of which are made publicly available for our community's use (SearXNG, Tor, etc.), and some are provided for our team members (email, etc.).
+
+**Product Purchases**
+:
+
+We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
+
+We are still working with our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) to receive cryptocurrency donations, at the moment the accounting is unfeasible for many smaller transactions, but this should change in the future. In the meantime, if you wish to make a sizable (> $100) cryptocurrency donation, please reach out to [jonah@privacyguides.org](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org).
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "About Privacy Guides"
+---
+
+**Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors.
+
+[:material-hand-coin-outline: Support the project](donate.md ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
+
+## Our Team
+
+??? person "@jonah"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/jonah)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/jonaharagon "@jonaharagon")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@jonah "@jonah@neat.computer"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://www.jonaharagon.com)
+
+??? person "@niek-de-wilde"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/Niek-de-Wilde)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/blacklight447 "@blacklight447")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@blacklight447 "@blacklight447@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
+
+??? person "@dngray"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/dngray)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/dngray "@dngray")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@dngray "@dngray@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:dngray@privacyguides.org)
+
+??? person "@freddy"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/freddy)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/freddy-m "@freddy-m")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://social.lol/@freddy "@freddy@social.lol"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:freddy@privacyguides.org)
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://freddy.omg.lol)
+
+??? person "@mfwmyfacewhen"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/mfwmyfacewhen)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/mfwmyfacewhen "@mfwmyfacewhen")
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://mfw.omg.lol)
+
+??? person "@olivia"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/olivia)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/hook9 "@hook9")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@oliviablob "@oliviablob@neat.computer"){rel=me}
+
+Additionally, [many people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) have made contributions to the project. You can too, we're open sourced on GitHub!
+
+Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrative duties such as web hosting and financials, however they do not personally profit from any contributions made to this site. Our financials are transparently hosted by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)(3) at [opencollective.com/privacyguides](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides). Donations to Privacy Guides are generally tax deductible in the United States.
+
+## Site License
+
+*The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE):*
+
+:fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.
+
+This license is in place to prevent people from sharing our work without giving proper credit, and to prevent people from modifying our work in a way that could be used to mislead people. If you find the terms of this license too restrictive for the project you're working on, please reach out to us at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. We are happy to provide alternative licensing options for well-intentioned projects in the privacy space!
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/notices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Notices and Disclaimers"
+hide:
+  - toc
+---
+
+## Legal Disclaimer
+
+Privacy Guides is not a law firm. As such, the Privacy Guides website and contributors are not providing legal advice. The material and recommendations in our website and guides do not constitute legal advice nor does contributing to the website or communicating with Privacy Guides or other contributors about our website create an attorney-client relationship.
+
+Running this website, like any human endeavor, involves uncertainty and trade-offs. We hope this website helps, but it may include mistakes and can’t address every situation. If you have any questions about your situation, we encourage you to do your own research, seek out other experts, and engage in discussions with the Privacy Guides community. If you have any legal questions, you should consult with your own legal counsel before moving forward.
+
+Privacy Guides is an open source project contributed to under licenses that include terms that, for the protection of the website and its contributors, make clear that the Privacy Guides project and website is offered "as-is", without warranty, and disclaiming liability for damages resulting from using the website or any recommendations contained within. Privacy Guides does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on the website or otherwise relating to such materials on the website or on any third-party sites linked on this site.
+
+Privacy Guides additionally does not warrant that this website will be constantly available, or available at all.
+
+## Licenses
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all content on this website is made available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE).
+
+This does not include third-party code embedded in this repository, or code where a superseding license is otherwise noted. The following are notable examples, but this list may not be all-inclusive:
+
+* [MathJax](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/mathjax.js) is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/LICENSE.mathjax.txt).
+
+Portions of this notice itself were adopted from [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) on GitHub. That resource and this page itself are released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/LICENSE).
+
+This means that you can use the human-readable content in this repository for your own project, per the terms outlined in the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License text. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. You **may not** use the Privacy Guides branding in your own project without express approval from this project. Privacy Guides's brand trademarks include the "Privacy Guides" wordmark and shield logo.
+
+We believe that the logos and other images in `assets` obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject matter for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
+
+When you contribute to this repository you are doing so under the above licenses, and you are granting Privacy Guides a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license with the right to sublicense such rights through multiple tiers of sublicensees, to reproduce, modify, display, perform and distribute your contribution as part of our project.
+
+## Acceptable Use
+
+You may not use this website in any way that causes or may cause damage to the website or impairment of the availability or accessibility of Privacy Guides, or in any way which is unlawful, illegal, fraudulent, harmful, or in connection with any unlawful, illegal, fraudulent, or harmful purpose or activity.
+
+You must not conduct any systematic or automated data collection activities on or in relation to this website without express written consent, including:
+
+* Excessive Automated Scans
+* Denial of Service Attacks
+* Scraping
+* Data Mining
+* 'Framing' (IFrames)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/privacy-policy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "Privacy Policy"
+---
+
+Privacy Guides is a community project operated by a number of active volunteer contributors. The public list of team members [can be found on GitHub](https://github.com/orgs/privacyguides/people).
+
+## Data We Collect From Visitors
+
+The privacy of our website visitors is important to us, so we do not track any individual people. As a visitor to our website:
+
+- No personal information is collected
+- No information such as cookies are stored in the browser
+- No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties
+- No information is shared with advertising companies
+- No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends
+- No information is monetized
+
+You can view the data we collect on our [statistics](statistics.md) page.
+
+We run a self-hosted installation of [Plausible Analytics](https://plausible.io) to collect some anonymous usage data for statistical purposes. The goal is to track overall trends in our website traffic, it is not to track individual visitors. All the data is in aggregate only. No personal data is collected.
+
+Data collected includes referral sources, top pages, visit duration, information from the devices (device type, operating system, country and browser) used during the visit and more. You can learn more about how Plausible works and collects information in a privacy-respecting manner [here](https://plausible.io/data-policy).
+
+## Data We Collect From Account Holders
+
+On some websites and services we provide, many features may require an account. For example, an account may be required to post and reply to topics on a forum platform.
+
+To sign up for most accounts, we will collect a name, username, email, and password. In the event a website requires more information than just that data, that will be clearly marked and noted in a separate privacy statement per-site.
+
+We use your account data to identify you on the website and to create pages specific to you, such as your profile page. We will also use your account data to publish a public profile for you on our services.
+
+We use your email to:
+
+- Notify you about posts and other activity on the websites or services.
+- Reset your password and help keep your account secure.
+- Contact you in special circumstances related to your account.
+- Contact you about legal requests, such as DMCA takedown requests.
+
+On some websites and services you may provide additional information for your account, such as a short biography, avatar, your location, or your birthday. We make that information available to everyone who can access the website or service in question. This information is not required to use any of our services and can be erased at any time.
+
+We will store your account data as long as your account remains open. After closing an account, we may retain some or all of your account data in the form of backups or archives for up to 90 days.
+
+## Contacting Us
+
+The Privacy Guides team generally does not have access to personal data outside of limited access granted via some moderation panels. Inquiries regarding your personal information should be sent directly to:
+
+```text
+Jonah Aragon
+Services Administrator
+jonah@privacyguides.org
+```
+
+For all other inquiries, you can contact any member of our team.
+
+For complaints under GDPR more generally, you may lodge complaints with your local data protection supervisory authorities. In France it's the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés which take care and handle the complaints. They provide a [template of complaint letter](https://www.cnil.fr/en/plaintes) to use.
+
+## About This Policy
+
+We will post any new versions of this statement [here](privacy-policy.md). We may change how we announce changes in future versions of this document. In the meantime we may update our contact information at any time without announcing a change. Please refer to the [Privacy Policy](privacy-policy.md) for the latest contact information at any time.
+
+A full revision [history](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/commits/main/docs/about/privacy-policy.md) of this page can be found on GitHub.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/privacytools.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
+---
+
+# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
+
+In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
+
+Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
+
+After the organizational move was completed, the founder of PrivacyTools returned and began to spread misinformation about the Privacy Guides project. They continue to spread misinformation in addition to operating a paid link farm on the PrivacyTools domain. We are creating this page to clear up any misconceptions.
+
+## What is PrivacyTools?
+
+PrivacyTools was created in 2015 by "BurungHantu," who wanted to make a privacy information resource - helpful tools following the Snowden revelations. The site grew into a flourishing open-source project with [many contributors](https://github.com/privacytools/privacytools.io/graphs/contributors), some eventually given various organizational responsibilities, such as operating online services like Matrix and Mastodon, managing and reviewing changes to the site on GitHub, finding sponsors for the project, writing blog posts and operating social media outreach platforms like Twitter, etc.
+
+Beginning in 2019, BurungHantu grew more and more distant from the active development of the website and communities, and began delaying payments he was responsible for related to the servers we operated. To avoid having our system administrator pay server costs out of their own pocket, we changed the donation methods listed on the site from BurungHantu's personal PayPal and crypto accounts to a new OpenCollective page on [October 31, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184557/https://blog.privacytools.io/privacytools-io-joins-the-open-collective-foundation/). This had the added benefits of making our finances completely transparent, a value we strongly believe in, and tax-deductible in the United States, because they were being held by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)3. This change was unanimously agreed upon by the team and went uncontested.
+
+## Why We Moved On
+
+In 2020, BurungHantu's absence grew much more noticeable. At one point, we required the domain's nameservers to be changed to nameservers controlled by our system administrator to avoid future disruption, and this change was not completed for over a month after the initial request. He would disappear from the public chat and private team chat rooms on Matrix for months at a time, occasionally popping in to give some small feedback or promise to be more active before disappearing once again.
+
+In October 2020, the PrivacyTools system administrator (Jonah) [left](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190742/https://blog.privacytools.io/blacklight447-taking-over/) the project because of these difficulties, handing control to another long-time contributor. Jonah had been operating nearly every PrivacyTools service and acting as the *de facto* project lead for website development in BurungHantu's absence, thus his departure was a significant change to the organization. At the time, because of these significant organizational changes, BurungHantu promised the remaining team he would return to take control of the project going forward. ==The PrivacyTools team reached out via several communication methods over the following months, but did not receive any response.==
+
+## Domain Name Reliance
+
+At the beginning of 2021, the PrivacyTools team grew worried about the future of the project, because the domain name was set to expire on 1st March 2021. The domain was ultimately renewed by BurungHantu with no comment.
+
+The team’s concerns were not addressed, and we realized this would be a problem every year: If the domain expired it would have allowed it to be stolen by squatters or spammers, thus ruining the organization's reputation. We also would have had trouble reaching the community to inform them of what took place.
+
+Without being in any contact with BurungHantu, we decided the best course of action would be to move to a new domain name while we still had guaranteed control over the old domain name, sometime before March 2022. This way, we would be able to cleanly redirect all PrivacyTools resources to the new site without any interruption in service. This decision was made many months in advance and communicated to the entire team in the hopes that BurungHantu would reach out and assure his continued support for the project, because with a recognizable brand name and large communities online, moving away from "PrivacyTools" was the least desirable possible outcome.
+
+In mid-2021 the PrivacyTools team reached out to Jonah, who agreed to rejoin the team to help with the transition.
+
+## Community Call to Action
+
+At the end of July 2021, we [informed](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/) the PrivacyTools community of our intention to choose a new name and continue the project on a new domain, to be [chosen](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190935/https://aragon.cloud/apps/forms/cMPxG9KyopapBbcw) on 2nd August 2022. In the end, "Privacy Guides" was selected, with the `privacyguides.org` domain already owned by Jonah for a side-project from 2020 that went undeveloped.
+
+## Control of r/privacytoolsIO
+
+Simultaneously with the ongoing website issues at privacytools.io, the r/privacytoolsIO moderation team was facing challenges with managing the subreddit. The subreddit had always been operated mostly independently of the website's development, but BurungHantu was the primary moderator of the subreddit as well, and he was the only moderator granted "Full Control" privileges. u/trai_dep was the only active moderator at the time, and [posted](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/) a request to Reddit's administrators on June 28, 2021, asking to be granted the primary moderator position and full control privileges, in order to make necessary changes to the Subreddit.
+
+Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator is inactive for a lengthy period of time (such as a year) the primary moderation position can be re-appointed to the next moderator in line. For this request to have been granted, BurungHantu had to have been completely absent from all Reddit activity for a long period of time, which was consistent with his behaviors on other platforms.
+
+> If you were removed as moderator from a subreddit through Reddit request it is because your lack of response and lack of activity qualified the subreddit for an r/redditrequest transfer.
+> 
+> r/redditrequest is Reddit's way of making sure communities have active moderators and is part of the [Moderator Code of Conduct](https://www.redditinc.com/policies/moderator-code-of-conduct).
+
+## Beginning the Transition
+
+On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://www.privacyguides.org/blog/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides/) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
+
+> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
+
+This change [entailed:](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pnhn4a/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
+
+- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
+- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
+- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
+- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
+
+Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the switch to our new project exactly as we hoped.
+
+## Following Events
+
+Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
+
+At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
+
+Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
+
+Following this, BurungHantu made false accusations about Jonah stealing donations from the project. BurungHantu had over a year since the alleged incident occurred, and yet he never made anyone aware of it until after the Privacy Guides migration. BurungHantu has been repeatedly asked for proof and to comment on the reason for his silence by the team [and the community](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153536962281474), and has not done so.
+
+BurungHantu also made a [twitter post](https://twitter.com/privacytoolsIO/status/1510560676967710728) alleging that an "attorney" had reached out to him on Twitter and was providing advice, in another attempt to bully us into giving him control of our subreddit, and as part of his smear campaign to muddy the waters surrounding the launch of Privacy Guides while pretending to be a victim.
+
+## PrivacyTools.io Now
+
+As of September 25th 2022 we are seeing BurungHantu's overall plans come to fruition on privacytools.io, and this is the very reason we decided to create this explainer page today. The website he is operating appears to be a heavily SEO-optimized version of the site which recommends tools in exchange for financial compensation. Very recently, IVPN and Mullvad, two VPN providers near-universally [recommended](../vpn.md) by the privacy community and notable for their stance against affiliate programs were removed from PrivacyTools. In their place? NordVPN, Surfshark, ExpressVPN, and hide.me; Giant VPN corporations with untrustworthy platforms and business practices, notorious for their aggressive marketing and affiliate programs.
+
+==**PrivacyTools has become exactly the type of site we [warned against](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205249/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-reviews/) on the PrivacyTools blog in 2019.**== We've tried to keep our distance from PrivacyTools since the transition, but their continued harassment towards our project and now their absurd abuse of the credibility their brand gained over 6 years of open source contributions is extremely troubling to us. Those of us actually fighting for privacy are not fighting against each other, and are not getting our advice from the highest bidder.
+
+## r/privacytoolsIO Now
+
+After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it was impractical for u/trai_dep to continue moderating both subreddits, and with the community on-board with the transition, r/privacytoolsIO was [made](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/qk7qrj/a_new_era_why_rptio_is_now_a_restricted_sub/) a restricted sub in a post on November 1st, 2021:
+
+> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
+> 
+> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
+
+Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
+
+In the months since, BurungHantu has threatened and begged for returning subreddit control to his account in [violation](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/wiki/top_mod_removal/) of Reddit rules:
+
+> Retaliation from any moderator with regards to removal requests is disallowed.
+
+For a community with many thousands of remaining subscribers, we feel that it would be incredibly disrespectful to return control of that massive platform to the person who abandoned it for over a year, and who now operates a website that we feel provides very low-quality information. Preserving the years of past discussions in that community is more important to us, and thus u/trai_dep and the rest of the subreddit moderation team has made the decision to keep r/privacytoolsIO as-is.
+
+## OpenCollective Now
+
+Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our position is that OpenCollective was put in place by our team and managed by our team to fund services we currently operate and which PrivacyTools no longer does. We [reached out](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/updates/transitioning-to-privacy-guides) to all of our donors regarding our move to Privacy Guides, and we were unanimously supported by our sponsors and community.
+
+Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
+
+> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net.
+
+## Further Reading
+
+This topic has been discussed extensively within our communities in various locations, and it seems likely that most people reading this page will already be familiar with the events leading up to the move to Privacy Guides. Some of our previous posts on the matter may have extra detail we omitted here for brevity. They have been linked below for the sake of completion.
+
+- [June 28, 2021 request for control of r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/)
+- [July 27, 2021 announcement of our intentions to move on the PrivacyTools blog, written by the team](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/)
+- [Sept 13, 2021 announcement of the beginning of our transition to Privacy Guides on r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pnql46/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
+- [Sept 17, 2021 announcement on OpenCollective from Jonah](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/updates/transitioning-to-privacy-guides)
+- [Sept 30, 2021 Twitter thread detailing most of the events now described on this page](https://twitter.com/privacy_guides/status/1443633412800225280)
+- [Oct 1, 2021 post by u/dng99 noting subdomain failure](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/)
+- [Apr 2, 2022 response by u/dng99 to PrivacyTools' accusatory blog post](https://www.reddit.com/comments/tuo7mm/comment/i35kw5a/)
+- [May 16, 2022 response by @TommyTran732 on Twitter](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153497984618496)
+- [Sep 3, 2022 post on Techlore's forum by @dngray](https://discuss.techlore.tech/t/has-anyone-seen-this-video-wondering-your-thoughts/792/20)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/services.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Privacy Guides Services
+
+We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentralized, federated, and/or open-source projects. Many of these services are available to the public and are detailed below.
+
+[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2 ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
+
+## Discourse
+
+- Domain: [discuss.privacyguides.net](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Public
+- Source: [github.com/discourse/discourse](https://github.com/discourse/discourse)
+
+## Gitea
+
+- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
+- Availability: Invite-Only  
+  Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
+- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
+
+## Matrix
+
+- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
+- Availability: Invite-Only  
+  Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
+- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
+
+## SearXNG
+
+- Domain: [search.privacyguides.net](https://search.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Public
+- Source: [github.com/searxng/searxng-docker](https://github.com/searxng/searxng-docker)
+
+## Invidious
+
+- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Semi-Public  
+  We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
+- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/about/statistics.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: Traffic Statistics
+---
+
+## Website Statistics
+
+<iframe plausible-embed src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=system&background=transparent" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" style="width: 1px; min-width: 100%; height: 1600px;" id="plausibleFrame"></iframe>
+<div style="font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px;">Stats powered by <a target="_blank" style="color: #4F46E5; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://plausible.io">Plausible Analytics</a></div>
+<script async src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/js/embed.host.js"></script>
+
+<script>
+
+    /* Set palette on initial load */
+    var palette = __md_get("__palette")
+    if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
+        var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
+        document.getElementById('plausibleFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
+    }
+
+    /* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
+    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+        var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
+        ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
+        var palette = __md_get("__palette")
+        if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
+            var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
+
+            document.getElementById('plausibleFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
+        }
+        })
+    })
+</script>
+
+## Blog Statistics
+
+<iframe plausible-embed src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=system&background=transparent" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" style="width: 1px; min-width: 100%; height: 1600px;" id="blogFrame"></iframe>
+<div style="font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px;">Stats powered by <a target="_blank" style="color: #4F46E5; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://plausible.io">Plausible Analytics</a></div>
+<script async src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/js/embed.host.js"></script>
+
+<script>
+
+    /* Set palette on initial load */
+    var palette = __md_get("__palette")
+    if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
+        var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
+        document.getElementById('blogFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
+    }
+
+    /* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
+    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+        var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
+        ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
+        var palette = __md_get("__palette")
+        if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
+            var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
+
+            document.getElementById('blogFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
+        }
+        })
+    })
+</script>
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/advanced/communication-network-types.md

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+title: "Types of Communication Networks"
+icon: 'material/transit-connection-variant'
+---
+
+There are several network architectures commonly used to relay messages between people. These networks can provide different privacy guarantees, which is why it's worth considering your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) when deciding which app to use.
+
+[Recommended Instant Messengers](../real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
+
+## Centralized Networks
+
+![Centralized networks diagram](../assets/img/layout/network-centralized.svg){ align=left }
+
+Centralized messengers are those where all participants are on the same server or network of servers controlled by the same organization.
+
+Some self-hosted messengers allow you to set up your own server. Self-hosting can provide additional privacy guarantees, such as no usage logs or limited access to metadata (data about who is talking to whom). Self-hosted centralized messengers are isolated and everyone must be on the same server to communicate.
+
+**Advantages:**
+
+- New features and changes can be implemented more quickly.
+- Easier to get started with and to find contacts.
+- Most mature and stable features ecosystems, as they are easier to program in a centralized software.
+- Privacy issues may be reduced when you trust a server that you're self-hosting.
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+
+- Can include [restricted control or access](https://drewdevault.com/2018/08/08/Signal.html). This can include things like:
+- Being [forbidden from connecting third-party clients](https://github.com/LibreSignal/LibreSignal/issues/37#issuecomment-217211165) to the centralized network that might provide for greater customization or a better experience. Often defined in Terms and Conditions of usage.
+- Poor or no documentation for third-party developers.
+- The [ownership](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191953/https://blog.privacytools.io/delisting-wire/), privacy policy, and operations of the service can change easily when a single entity controls it, potentially compromising the service later on.
+- Self-hosting requires effort and knowledge of how to set up a service.
+
+## Federated Networks
+
+![Federated networks diagram](../assets/img/layout/network-decentralized.svg){ align=left }
+
+Federated messengers use multiple, independent, decentralized servers that are able to talk to each other (email is one example of a federated service). Federation allows system administrators to control their own server and still be a part of the larger communications network.
+
+When self-hosted, members of a federated server can discover and communicate with members of other servers, although some servers may choose to remain private by being non-federated (e.g., work team server).
+
+**Advantages:**
+
+- Allows for greater control over your own data when running your own server.
+- Allows you to choose whom to trust your data with by choosing between multiple "public" servers.
+- Often allows for third-party clients which can provide a more native, customized, or accessible experience.
+- Server software can be verified that it matches public source code, assuming you have access to the server or you trust the person who does (e.g., a family member).
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+
+- Adding new features is more complex because these features need to be standardized and tested to ensure they work with all servers on the network.
+- Due to the previous point, features can be lacking, or incomplete or working in unexpected ways compared to centralized platforms, such as message relay when offline or message deletion.
+- Some metadata may be available (e.g., information like "who is talking to whom," but not actual message content if E2EE is used).
+- Federated servers generally require trusting your server's administrator. They may be a hobbyist or otherwise not a "security professional," and may not serve standard documents like a privacy policy or terms of service detailing how your data is used.
+- Server administrators sometimes choose to block other servers, which are a source of unmoderated abuse or break general rules of accepted behavior. This will hinder your ability to communicate with members of those servers.
+
+## Peer-to-Peer Networks
+
+![P2P diagram](../assets/img/layout/network-distributed.svg){ align=left }
+
+P2P messengers connect to a [distributed network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_networking) of nodes to relay a message to the recipient without a third-party server.
+
+Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a [distributed computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing) network. Examples of this include [Distributed Hash Tables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table) (DHT), used by [torrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)) and [IPFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System) for example. Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the [Scuttlebutt](https://www.scuttlebutt.nz) social network protocol).
+
+Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct connection between them is made. Although messages are usually encrypted, an observer can still deduce the location and identity of the sender and recipient.
+
+P2P networks do not use servers, as peers communicate directly between each other and hence cannot be self-hosted. However, some additional services may rely on centralized servers, such as user discovery or relaying offline messages, which can benefit from self-hosting.
+
+**Advantages:**
+
+- Minimal information is exposed to third-parties.
+- Modern P2P platforms implement E2EE by default. There are no servers that could potentially intercept and decrypt your transmissions, unlike centralized and federated models.
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+
+- Reduced feature set:
+- Messages can only be sent when both peers are online, however, your client may store messages locally to wait for the contact to return online.
+- Generally increases battery usage on mobile devices, because the client must stay connected to the distributed network to learn about who is online.
+- Some common messenger features may not be implemented or incompletely, such as message deletion.
+- Your IP address and that of the contacts you're communicating with may be exposed if you do not use the software in conjunction with a [VPN](../vpn.md) or [Tor](../tor.md). Many countries have some form of mass surveillance and/or metadata retention.
+
+## Anonymous Routing
+
+![Anonymous routing diagram](../assets/img/layout/network-anonymous-routing.svg){ align=left }
+
+A messenger using [anonymous routing](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_628) hides either the identity of the sender, the receiver, or evidence that they have been communicating. Ideally, a messenger should hide all three.
+
+There are [many](https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658) different ways to implement anonymous routing. One of the most famous is [onion routing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing) (i.e. [Tor](tor-overview.md)), which communicates encrypted messages through a virtual [overlay network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlay_network) that hides the location of each node as well as the recipient and sender of each message. The sender and recipient never interact directly and only meet through a secret rendezvous node so that there is no leak of IP addresses nor physical location. Nodes cannot decrypt messages, nor the final destination; only the recipient can. Each intermediary node can only decrypt a part that indicates where to send the still encrypted message next, until it arrives at the recipient who can fully decrypt it, hence the "onion layers."
+
+Self-hosting a node in an anonymous routing network does not provide the hoster with additional privacy benefits, but rather contributes to the whole network's resilience against identification attacks for everyone's benefit.
+
+**Advantages:**
+
+- Minimal to no information is exposed to other parties.
+- Messages can be relayed in a decentralized manner even if one of the parties is offline.
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+
+- Slow message propagation.
+- Often limited to fewer media types, mostly text, since the network is slow.
+- Less reliable if nodes are selected by randomized routing, some nodes may be very far from the sender and receiver, adding latency or even failing to transmit messages if one of the nodes goes offline.
+- More complex to get started, as the creation and secured backup of a cryptographic private key is required.
+- Just like other decentralized platforms, adding features is more complex for developers than on a centralized platform. Hence, features may be lacking or incompletely implemented, such as offline message relaying or message deletion.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/advanced/dns-overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+---
+title: "DNS Overview"
+icon: material/dns
+---
+
+The [Domain Name System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System) is the 'phonebook of the Internet'. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers and other services can load Internet resources, through a decentralized network of servers.
+
+## What is DNS?
+
+When you visit a website, a numerical address is returned. For example, when you visit `privacyguides.org`, the address `192.98.54.105` is returned.
+
+DNS has existed since the [early days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#History) of the Internet. DNS requests made to and from DNS servers are **not** generally encrypted. In a residential setting, a customer is given servers by the ISP via [DHCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol).
+
+Unencrypted DNS requests are able to be easily **surveilled** and **modified** in transit. In some parts of the world, ISPs are ordered to do primitive [DNS filtering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking). When you request the IP address of a domain that is blocked, the server may not respond or may respond with a different IP address. As the DNS protocol is not encrypted, the ISP (or any network operator) can use [DPI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) to monitor requests. ISPs can also block requests based on common characteristics, regardless of which DNS server is used. Unencrypted DNS always uses [port](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)) 53 and always uses UDP.
+
+Below, we discuss and provide a tutorial to prove what an outside observer may see using regular unencrypted DNS and [encrypted DNS](#what-is-encrypted-dns).
+
+### Unencrypted DNS
+
+1. Using [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html) (part of the [Wireshark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark) project) we can monitor and record internet packet flow. This command records packets that meet the rules specified:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -w /tmp/dns.pcap udp port 53 and host 1.1.1.1 or host 8.8.8.8
+    ```
+
+2. We can then use [`dig`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) (Linux, MacOS etc) or [`nslookup`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup) (Windows) to send the DNS lookup to both servers. Software such as web browsers do these lookups automatically, unless they are configured to use encrypted DNS.
+
+    === "Linux, macOS"
+
+        ```
+        dig +noall +answer privacyguides.org @1.1.1.1
+        dig +noall +answer privacyguides.org @8.8.8.8
+        ```
+    === "Windows"
+
+        ```
+        nslookup privacyguides.org 1.1.1.1
+        nslookup privacyguides.org 8.8.8.8
+        ```
+
+3. Next, we want to [analyse](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChapterIntroduction.html#ChIntroWhatIs) the results:
+
+    === "Wireshark"
+
+        ```
+        wireshark -r /tmp/dns.pcap
+        ```
+
+    === "tshark"
+
+        ```
+        tshark -r /tmp/dns.pcap
+        ```
+
+If you run the Wireshark command above, the top pane shows the "[frames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame)", and the bottom pane shows all the data about the selected frame. Enterprise filtering and monitoring solutions (such as those purchased by governments) can do the process automatically, without human interaction, and can aggregate those frames to produce statistical data useful to the network observer.
+
+| No. | Time     | Source    | Destination | Protocol | Length | Info                                                                   |
+| --- | -------- | --------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 1   | 0.000000 | 192.0.2.1 | 1.1.1.1     | DNS      | 104    | Standard query 0x58ba A privacyguides.org OPT                          |
+| 2   | 0.293395 | 1.1.1.1   | 192.0.2.1   | DNS      | 108    | Standard query response 0x58ba A privacyguides.org A 198.98.54.105 OPT |
+| 3   | 1.682109 | 192.0.2.1 | 8.8.8.8     | DNS      | 104    | Standard query 0xf1a9 A privacyguides.org OPT                          |
+| 4   | 2.154698 | 8.8.8.8   | 192.0.2.1   | DNS      | 108    | Standard query response 0xf1a9 A privacyguides.org A 198.98.54.105 OPT |
+
+An observer could modify any of these packets.
+
+## What is "encrypted DNS"?
+
+Encrypted DNS can refer to one of a number of protocols, the most common ones being:
+
+### DNSCrypt
+
+[**DNSCrypt**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt) was one of the first methods of encrypting DNS queries. DNSCrypt operates on port 443 and works with both the TCP or UDP transport protocols. DNSCrypt has never been submitted to the [Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force) nor has it gone through the [Request for Comments (RFC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments) process, so it has not been used widely outside of a few [implementations](https://dnscrypt.info/implementations). As a result, it has been largely replaced by the more popular [DNS over HTTPS](#dns-over-https-doh).
+
+### DNS over TLS (DoT)
+
+[**DNS over TLS**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_over_TLS) is another method for encrypting DNS communication that is defined in [RFC 7858](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7858). Support was first implemented in Android 9, iOS 14, and on Linux in [systemd-resolved](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/resolved.conf.html#DNSOverTLS=) in version 237. Preference in the industry has been moving away from DoT to DoH in recent years, as DoT is a [complex protocol](https://dnscrypt.info/faq/) and has varying compliance to the RFC across the implementations that exist. DoT also operates on a dedicated port 853 which can be blocked easily by restrictive firewalls.
+
+### DNS over HTTPS (DoH)
+
+[**DNS over HTTPS**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS) as defined in [RFC 8484](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8484) packages queries in the [HTTP/2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/2) protocol and provides security with HTTPS. Support was first added in web browsers such as Firefox 60 and Chrome 83.
+
+Native implementation of DoH showed up in iOS 14, macOS 11, Microsoft Windows, and Android 13 (however, it won't be enabled [by default](https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/DnsResolver/+/1833144)). General Linux desktop support is waiting on the systemd [implementation](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/8639) so [installing third-party software is still required](../dns.md#encrypted-dns-proxies).
+
+## What can an outside party see?
+
+In this example we will record what happens when we make a DoH request:
+
+1. First, start `tshark`:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -w /tmp/dns_doh.pcap -f "tcp port https and host 1.1.1.1"
+    ```
+
+2. Second, make a request with `curl`:
+
+    ```bash
+    curl -vI --doh-url https://1.1.1.1/dns-query https://privacyguides.org
+    ```
+
+3. After making the request, we can stop the packet capture with <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>C</kbd>.
+
+4. Analyse the results in Wireshark:
+
+    ```bash
+    wireshark -r /tmp/dns_doh.pcap
+    ```
+
+We can see the [connection establishment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol#Connection_establishment) and [TLS handshake](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-happens-in-a-tls-handshake/) that occurs with any encrypted connection. When looking at the "application data" packets that follow, none of them contain the domain we requested or the IP address returned.
+
+## Why **shouldn't** I use encrypted DNS?
+
+In locations where there is internet filtering (or censorship), visiting forbidden resources may have its own consequences which you should consider in your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md). We do **not** suggest the use of encrypted DNS for this purpose. Use [Tor](https://torproject.org) or a [VPN](../vpn.md) instead. If you're using a VPN, you should use your VPN's DNS servers. When using a VPN, you are already trusting them with all your network activity.
+
+When we do a DNS lookup, it's generally because we want to access a resource. Below, we will discuss some of the methods that may disclose your browsing activities even when using encrypted DNS:
+
+### IP Address
+
+The simplest way to determine browsing activity might be to look at the IP addresses your devices are accessing. For example, if the observer knows that `privacyguides.org` is at `198.98.54.105`, and your device is requesting data from `198.98.54.105`, there is a good chance you're visiting Privacy Guides.
+
+This method is only useful when the IP address belongs to a server that only hosts few websites. It's also not very useful if the site is hosted on a shared platform (e.g. Github Pages, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, WordPress, Blogger, etc). It also isn't very useful if the server is hosted behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy), which is very common on the modern Internet.
+
+### Server Name Indication (SNI)
+
+Server Name Indication is typically used when a IP address hosts many websites. This could be a service like Cloudflare, or some other [Denial-of-service attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack) protection.
+
+1. Start capturing again with `tshark`. We've added a filter with our IP address so you don't capture many packets:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -w /tmp/pg.pcap port 443 and host 198.98.54.105
+    ```
+
+2. Then we visit [https://privacyguides.org](https://privacyguides.org).
+
+3. After visiting the website, we want to stop the packet capture with <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>C</kbd>.
+
+4. Next we want to analyze the results:
+
+    ```bash
+    wireshark -r /tmp/pg.pcap
+    ```
+
+    We will see the connection establishment, followed by the TLS handshake for the Privacy Guides website. Around frame 5. you'll see a "Client Hello".
+
+5. Expand the triangle &#9656; next to each field:
+
+    ```text
+    ▸ Transport Layer Security
+      ▸ TLSv1.3 Record Layer: Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
+        ▸ Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
+          ▸ Extension: server_name (len=22)
+            ▸ Server Name Indication extension
+    ```
+
+6. We can see the SNI value which discloses the website we are visiting. The `tshark` command can give you the value directly for all packets containing a SNI value:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -r /tmp/pg.pcap -Tfields -Y tls.handshake.extensions_server_name -e tls.handshake.extensions_server_name
+    ```
+
+This means even if we are using "Encrypted DNS" servers, the domain will likely be disclosed through SNI. The [TLS v1.3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#TLS_1.3) protocol brings with it [Encrypted Client Hello](https://blog.cloudflare.com/encrypted-client-hello/), which prevents this kind of leak.
+
+Governments, in particular [China](https://www.zdnet.com/article/china-is-now-blocking-all-encrypted-https-traffic-using-tls-1-3-and-esni/) and [Russia](https://www.zdnet.com/article/russia-wants-to-ban-the-use-of-secure-protocols-such-as-tls-1-3-doh-dot-esni/), have either already [started blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication#Encrypted_Client_Hello) it or expressed a desire to do so. Recently, Russia has [started blocking foreign websites](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/108) that use the [HTTP/3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) standard. This is because the [QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC) protocol that is a part of HTTP/3 requires that `ClientHello` also be encrypted.
+
+### Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
+
+Another way your browser can disclose your browsing activities is with the [Online Certificate Status Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol). When visiting an HTTPS website, the browser might check to see if the website's [certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate) has been revoked. This is generally done through the HTTP protocol, meaning it is **not** encrypted.
+
+The OCSP request contains the certificate "[serial number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate#Common_fields)", which is unique. It is sent to the "OCSP responder" in order to check its status.
+
+We can simulate what a browser would do using the [`openssl`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL) command.
+
+1. Get the server certificate and use [`sed`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed) to keep just the important part and write it out to a file:
+
+    ```bash
+    openssl s_client -connect privacyguides.org:443 < /dev/null 2>&1 |
+        sed -n '/^-*BEGIN/,/^-*END/p' > /tmp/pg_server.cert
+    ```
+
+2. Get the intermediate certificate. [Certificate Authorities (CA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority) normally don't sign a certificate directly; they use what is known as an "intermediate" certificate.
+
+    ```bash
+    openssl s_client -showcerts -connect privacyguides.org:443 < /dev/null 2>&1 |
+        sed -n '/^-*BEGIN/,/^-*END/p' > /tmp/pg_and_intermediate.cert
+    ```
+
+3. The first certificate in `pg_and_intermediate.cert` is actually the server certificate from step 1. We can use `sed` again to delete until the first instance of END:
+
+    ```bash
+    sed -n '/^-*END CERTIFICATE-*$/!d;:a n;p;ba' \
+        /tmp/pg_and_intermediate.cert > /tmp/intermediate_chain.cert
+    ```
+
+4. Get the OCSP responder for the server certificate:
+
+    ```bash
+    openssl x509 -noout -ocsp_uri -in /tmp/pg_server.cert
+    ```
+
+    Our certificate shows the Lets Encrypt certificate responder. If we want to see all the details of the certificate we can use:
+
+    ```bash
+    openssl x509 -text -noout -in /tmp/pg_server.cert
+    ```
+
+5. Start the packet capture:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -w /tmp/pg_ocsp.pcap -f "tcp port http"
+    ```
+
+6. Make the OCSP request:
+
+    ```bash
+    openssl ocsp -issuer /tmp/intermediate_chain.cert \
+                 -cert /tmp/pg_server.cert \
+                 -text \
+                 -url http://r3.o.lencr.org
+    ```
+
+7. Open the capture:
+
+    ```bash
+    wireshark -r /tmp/pg_ocsp.pcap
+    ```
+
+    There will be two packets with the "OCSP" protocol: a "Request" and a "Response". For the "Request" we can see the "serial number" by expanding the triangle &#9656; next to each field:
+
+    ```bash
+    ▸ Online Certificate Status Protocol
+      ▸ tbsRequest
+        ▸ requestList: 1 item
+          ▸ Request
+            ▸ reqCert
+              serialNumber
+    ```
+
+    For the "Response" we can also see the "serial number":
+
+    ```bash
+    ▸ Online Certificate Status Protocol
+      ▸ responseBytes
+        ▸ BasicOCSPResponse
+          ▸ tbsResponseData
+            ▸ responses: 1 item
+              ▸ SingleResponse
+                ▸ certID
+                  serialNumber
+    ```
+
+8. Or use `tshark` to filter the packets for the Serial Number:
+
+    ```bash
+    tshark -r /tmp/pg_ocsp.pcap -Tfields -Y ocsp.serialNumber -e ocsp.serialNumber
+    ```
+
+If the network observer has the public certificate, which is publicly available, they can match the serial number with that certificate and therefore determine the site you're visiting from that. The process can be automated and can associate IP addresses with serial numbers. It is also possible to check [Certificate Transparency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_Transparency) logs for the serial number.
+
+## Should I use encrypted DNS?
+
+We made this flow chart to describe when you *should* use encrypted DNS:
+
+``` mermaid
+graph TB
+    Start[Start] --> anonymous{Trying to be<br> anonymous?}
+    anonymous--> | Yes | tor(Use Tor)
+    anonymous --> | No | censorship{Avoiding<br> censorship?}
+    censorship --> | Yes | vpnOrTor(Use<br> VPN or Tor)
+    censorship --> | No | privacy{Want privacy<br> from ISP?}
+    privacy --> | Yes | vpnOrTor
+    privacy --> | No | obnoxious{ISP makes<br> obnoxious<br> redirects?}
+    obnoxious --> | Yes | encryptedDNS(Use<br> encrypted DNS<br> with 3rd party)
+    obnoxious --> | No | ispDNS{Does ISP support<br> encrypted DNS?}
+    ispDNS --> | Yes | useISP(Use<br> encrypted DNS<br> with ISP)
+    ispDNS --> | No | nothing(Do nothing)
+```
+
+Encrypted DNS with a third-party should only be used to get around redirects and basic [DNS blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) when you can be sure there won't be any consequences or you're interested in a provider that does some rudimentary filtering.
+
+[List of recommended DNS servers](../dns.md ""){.md-button}
+
+## What is DNSSEC?
+
+[Domain Name System Security Extensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions) (DNSSEC) is a feature of DNS that authenticates responses to domain name lookups. It does not provide privacy protections for those lookups, but rather prevents attackers from manipulating or poisoning the responses to DNS requests.
+
+In other words, DNSSEC digitally signs data to help ensure its validity. In order to ensure a secure lookup, the signing occurs at every level in the DNS lookup process. As a result, all answers from DNS can be trusted.
+
+The DNSSEC signing process is similar to someone signing a legal document with a pen; that person signs with a unique signature that no one else can create, and a court expert can look at that signature and verify that the document was signed by that person. These digital signatures ensure that data has not been tampered with.
+
+DNSSEC implements a hierarchical digital signing policy across all layers of DNS. For example, in the case of a `privacyguides.org` lookup, a root DNS server would sign a key for the `.org` nameserver, and the `.org` nameserver would then sign a key for `privacyguides.org`’s authoritative nameserver.
+
+<small>Adapted from [DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) overview](https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/dnssec) by Google and [DNSSEC: An Introduction](https://blog.cloudflare.com/dnssec-an-introduction/) by Cloudflare, both licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</small>
+
+## What is QNAME minimization?
+
+A QNAME is a "qualified name", for example `privacyguides.org`. QNAME minimisation reduces the amount of information sent from the DNS server to the [authoritative name server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server#Authoritative_name_server).
+
+Instead of sending the whole domain `privacyguides.org`, QNAME minimization means the DNS server will ask for all the records that end in `.org`. Further technical description is defined in [RFC 7816](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7816).
+
+## What is EDNS Client Subnet (ECS)?
+
+The [EDNS Client Subnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDNS_Client_Subnet) is a method for a recursive DNS resolver to specify a [subnetwork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork) for the [host or client](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)) which is making the DNS query.
+
+It's intended to "speed up" delivery of data by giving the client an answer that belongs to a server that is close to them such as a [content delivery network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network), which are often used in video streaming and serving JavaScript web apps.
+
+This feature does come at a privacy cost, as it tells the DNS server some information about the client's location.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"

i18n/ar/advanced/tor-overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+title: "Tor Overview"
+icon: 'simple/torproject'
+---
+
+Tor is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the internet with as much privacy as possible. If used properly, the network enables private and anonymous browsing and communications.
+
+## Path Building
+
+Tor works by routing your traffic through a network comprised of thousands of volunteer-run servers called nodes (or relays).
+
+Every time you connect to Tor, it will choose three nodes to build a path to the internet—this path is called a "circuit." Each of these nodes has its own function:
+
+### The Entry Node
+
+The entry node, often called the guard node, is the first node to which your Tor client connects. The entry node is able to see your IP address, however it is unable to see what you are connecting to.
+
+Unlike the other nodes, the Tor client will randomly select an entry node and stick with it for two to three months to protect you from certain attacks.[^1]
+
+### The Middle Node
+
+The middle node is the second node to which your Tor client connects. It can see which node the traffic came from—the entry node—and to which node it goes to next. The middle node cannot, see your IP address or the domain you are connecting to.
+
+For each new circuit, the middle node is randomly selected out of all available Tor nodes.
+
+### The Exit Node
+
+The exit node is the point in which your web traffic leaves the Tor network and is forwarded to your desired destination. The exit node is unable to see your IP address, but it does know what site it's connecting to.
+
+The exit node will be chosen at random from all available Tor nodes ran with an exit relay flag.[^2]
+
+<figure markdown>
+  ![Tor path](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.svg#only-light)
+  ![Tor path](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.svg#only-dark)
+  <figcaption>Tor circuit pathway</figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+## Encryption
+
+Tor encrypts each packet (a block of transmitted data) three times with the keys from the exit, middle, and entry node—in that order.
+
+Once Tor has built a circuit, data transmission is done as follows:
+
+1. Firstly: when the packet arrives at the entry node, the first layer of encryption is removed. In this encrypted packet, the entry node will find another encrypted packet with the middle node’s address. The entry node will then forward the packet to the middle node.
+
+2. Secondly: when the middle node receives the packet from the entry node, it too will remove a layer of encryption with its key, and this time finds an encrypted packet with the exit node's address. The middle node will then forward the packet to the exit node.
+
+3. Lastly: when the exit node receives its packet, it will remove the last layer of encryption with its key. The exit node will see the destination address and forward the packet to that address.
+
+Below is an alternative diagram showing the process. Each node removes its own layer of encryption, and when the destination server returns data, the same process happens entirely in reverse. For example, the exit node does not know who you are, but it does know which node it came from, and so it adds its own layer of encryption and sends it back.
+
+<figure markdown>
+  ![Tor encryption](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption.svg#only-light)
+  ![Tor encryption](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption-dark.svg#only-dark)
+  <figcaption>Sending and receiving data through the Tor Network</figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+Tor allows us to connect to a server without any single party knowing the entire path. The entry node knows who you are, but not where you are going; the middle node doesn’t know who you are or where you are going; and the exit node knows where you are going, but not who you are. Because the exit node is what makes the final connection, the destination server will never know your IP address.
+
+## Caveats
+
+Though Tor does provide strong privacy guarantees, one must be aware that Tor is not perfect:
+
+- Well-funded adversaries with the capability to passively watch most network traffic over the globe have a chance of deanonymizing Tor users by means of advanced traffic analysis. Nor does Tor protect you from exposing yourself by mistake, such as if you share too much information about your real identity.
+- Tor exit nodes can also monitor traffic that passes through them. This means traffic which is not encrypted, such as plain HTTP traffic, can be recorded and monitored. If such traffic contains personally identifiable information, then it can deanonymize you to that exit node. Thus, we recommend using HTTPS over Tor where possible.
+
+If you wish to use Tor for browsing the web, we only recommend the **official** Tor Browser—it is designed to prevent fingerprinting.
+
+- [Tor Browser :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../tor.md#tor-browser)
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+- [Tor Browser User Manual](https://tb-manual.torproject.org)
+- [How Tor Works - Computerphile](https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/QRYzre4bf7I?local=true) <small>(YouTube)</small>
+- [Tor Onion Services - Computerphile](https://invidious.privacyguides.net/embed/lVcbq_a5N9I?local=true) <small>(YouTube)</small>
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
+
+[^1]: The first relay in your circuit is called an "entry guard" or "guard". It is a fast and stable relay that remains the first one in your circuit for 2-3 months in order to protect against a known anonymity-breaking attack. The rest of your circuit changes with every new website you visit, and all together these relays provide the full privacy protections of Tor. For more information on how guard relays work, see this [blog post](https://blog.torproject.org/improving-tors-anonymity-changing-guard-parameters) and [paper](https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~hoppernj/single_guard.pdf) on entry guards. ([https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2/](https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2/))
+
+[^2]: Relay flag: a special (dis-)qualification of relays for circuit positions (for example, "Guard", "Exit", "BadExit"), circuit properties (for example, "Fast", "Stable"), or roles (for example, "Authority", "HSDir"), as assigned by the directory authorities and further defined in the directory protocol specification. ([https://metrics.torproject.org/glossary.html](https://metrics.torproject.org/glossary.html))

i18n/ar/android.md

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+---
+title: "Android"
+icon: 'simple/android'
+---
+
+![Android logo](assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }
+
+The **Android Open Source Project** is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.
+
+[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+These are the Android operating systems, devices, and apps we recommend to maximize your mobile device's security and privacy. To learn more about Android:
+
+- [General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md)
+- [Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/)
+
+## AOSP Derivatives
+
+We recommend installing one of these custom Android operating systems on your device, listed in order of preference, depending on your device's compatibility with these operating systems.
+
+!!! note
+
+    End-of-life devices (such as GrapheneOS or CalyxOS's "extended support" devices) do not have full security patches (firmware updates) due to the OEM discontinuing support. These devices cannot be considered completely secure regardless of installed software.
+
+### GrapheneOS
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+    
+    **GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
+    
+    GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(computing)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
+    
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
+
+Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support).
+
+### DivestOS
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ align=right }
+    
+    **DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org/).
+    DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. It has signed builds, making it possible to have [verified boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) on some non-Pixel devices.
+    
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates. DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747/) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
+
+DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/#additional-hardening), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, and automatic reboot/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features).
+
+DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. Normally, we would recommend avoiding F-Droid due to its numerous [security issues](#f-droid). However, doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) with the DivestOS repositories enabled to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
+
+!!! warning
+
+    DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) and quality control varies across the devices it supports. We still recommend GrapheneOS depending on your device's compatibility. For other devices, DivestOS is a good alternative.
+    
+    Not all of the supported devices have verified boot, and some perform it better than others.
+
+## Android Devices
+
+When purchasing a device, we recommend getting one as new as possible. The software and firmware of mobile devices are only supported for a limited time, so buying new extends that lifespan as much as possible.
+
+Avoid buying phones from mobile network operators. These often have a **locked bootloader** and do not support [OEM unlocking](https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/locking_unlocking). These phone variants will prevent you from installing any kind of alternative Android distribution.
+
+Be very **careful** about buying second hand phones from online marketplaces. Always check the reputation of the seller. If the device is stolen, there's a possibility of [IMEI blacklisting](https://www.gsma.com/security/resources/imei-blacklisting/). There is also a risk involved with you being associated with the activity of the previous owner.
+
+A few more tips regarding Android devices and operating system compatibility:
+
+- Do not buy devices that have reached or are near their end-of-life, additional firmware updates must be provided by the manufacturer.
+- Do not buy preloaded LineageOS or /e/ OS phones or any Android phones without proper [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) support and firmware updates. These devices also have no way for you to check whether they've been tampered with.
+- In short, if a device or Android distribution is not listed here, there is probably a good reason. Check out our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) to find details!
+
+### Google Pixel
+
+Google Pixel phones are the **only** devices we recommend for purchase. Pixel phones have stronger hardware security than any other Android devices currently on the market, due to proper AVB support for third-party operating systems and Google's custom [Titan](https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html) security chips acting as the Secure Element.
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Google Pixel 6](assets/img/android/google-pixel.png){ align=right }
+    
+    **Google Pixel** devices are known to have good security and properly support [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), even when installing custom operating systems.
+    
+    Beginning with the **Pixel 6** and **6 Pro**, Pixel devices receive a minimum of 5 years of guaranteed security updates, ensuring a much longer lifespan compared to the 2-4 years competing OEMs typically offer.
+    
+    [:material-shopping: Store](https://store.google.com/category/phones){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+
+Secure Elements like the Titan M2 are more limited than the processor's Trusted Execution Environment used by most other phones as they are only used for secrets storage, hardware attestation, and rate limiting, not for running "trusted" programs. Phones without a Secure Element have to use the TEE for *all* of those functions, resulting in a larger attack surface.
+
+Google Pixel phones use a TEE OS called Trusty which is [open-source](https://source.android.com/security/trusty#whyTrusty), unlike many other phones.
+
+The installation of GrapheneOS on a Pixel phone is easy with their [web installer](https://grapheneos.org/install/web). If you don't feel comfortable doing it yourself and are willing to spend a bit of extra money, check out the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) as they come preloaded with GrapheneOS from the reputable [Nitrokey](https://www.nitrokey.com/about) company.
+
+A few more tips for purchasing a Google Pixel:
+
+- If you're after a bargain on a Pixel device, we suggest buying an "**a**" model, just after the next flagship is released. Discounts are usually available because Google will be trying to clear their stock.
+- Consider price beating options and specials offered at physical stores.
+- Look at online community bargain sites in your country. These can alert you to good sales.
+- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: $\text{Cost} \over \text {EOL Date}-\text{Current Date}$, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
+
+## General Apps
+
+We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps listed here are Android-exclusive and specifically enhance or replace key system functionality.
+
+### Shelter
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/shelter.svg){ align=right }
+    
+    **Shelter** is an app that helps you leverage Android's Work Profile functionality to isolate or duplicate apps on your device.
+    
+    Shelter supports blocking contact search cross profiles and sharing files across profiles via the default file manager ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
+    
+    [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.typeblog.shelter)
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
+    
+    When using Shelter, you are placing complete trust in its developer, as Shelter acts as a [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) to create the Work Profile, and it has extensive access to the data stored within the Work Profile.
+
+### Auditor
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+    
+    **Auditor** is an app which leverages hardware security features to provide device integrity monitoring for [supported devices](https://attestation.app/about#device-support). Currently, it only works with GrapheneOS and the device's stock operating system.
+    
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://attestation.app){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://attestation.app/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://attestation.app/about){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://attestation.app/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://attestation.app/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.attestation.auditor.play)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Auditor/releases)
+        - [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
+
+Auditor performs attestation and intrusion detection by:
+
+- Using a [Trust On First Use (TOFU)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_on_first_use) model between an *auditor* and *auditee*, the pair establish a private key in the [hardware-backed keystore](https://source.android.com/security/keystore/) of the *Auditor*.
+- The *auditor* can either be another instance of the Auditor app or the [Remote Attestation Service](https://attestation.app).
+- The *auditor* records the current state and configuration of the *auditee*.
+- Should tampering with the operating system of the *auditee* happen after the pairing is complete, the auditor will be aware of the change in the device state and configurations.
+- You will be alerted to the change.
+
+No personally identifiable information is submitted to the attestation service. We recommend that you sign up with an anonymous account and enable remote attestation for continuous monitoring.
+
+If your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires privacy, you could consider using [Orbot](tor.md#orbot) or a VPN to hide your IP address from the attestation service. To make sure that your hardware and operating system is genuine, [perform local attestation](https://grapheneos.org/install/web#verifying-installation) immediately after the device has been installed and prior to any internet connection.
+
+### Secure Camera
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+    
+    **Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
+    
+    [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
+        - [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
+
+Main privacy features include:
+
+- Auto removal of [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) metadata (enabled by default)
+- Use of the new [Media](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media) API, therefore [storage permissions](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage) are not required
+- Microphone permission not required unless you want to record sound
+
+!!! note
+
+    Metadata is not currently deleted from video files but that is planned.
+    
+    The image orientation metadata is not deleted. If you enable location (in Secure Camera) that **won't** be deleted either. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](data-redaction.md#exiferaser).
+
+### Secure PDF Viewer
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+    
+    **Secure PDF Viewer** is a PDF viewer based on [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) that doesn't require any permissions. The PDF is fed into a [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)) [webview](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). This means that it doesn't require permission directly to access content or files.
+    
+    [Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) is used to enforce that the JavaScript and styling properties within the WebView are entirely static content.
+    
+    [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
+        - [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
+
+## Obtaining Applications
+
+### GrapheneOS App Store
+
+GrapheneOS's app store is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](https://attestation.app/), [Camera](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera), and [PDF Viewer](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer). If you are looking for these applications, we highly recommend that you get them from GrapheneOS's app store instead of the Play Store, as the apps on their store are signed by the GrapheneOS's project own signature that Google does not have access to.
+
+### Aurora Store
+
+The Google Play Store requires a Google account to login which is not great for privacy. You can get around this by using an alternative client, such as Aurora Store.
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ align=right }
+    
+    **Aurora Store** is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google Account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
+    
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
+
+Aurora Store does not allow you to download paid apps with their anonymous account feature. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google, however you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
+
+### Manually with RSS Notifications
+
+For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](/news-aggregators) that will help you keep track of new releases.
+
+![RSS APK](./assets/img/android/rss-apk-light.png#only-light) ![RSS APK](./assets/img/android/rss-apk-dark.png#only-dark) ![APK Changes](./assets/img/android/rss-changes-light.png#only-light) ![APK Changes](./assets/img/android/rss-changes-dark.png#only-dark)
+
+#### GitHub
+
+On GitHub, using [Secure Camera](#secure-camera) as an example, you would navigate to its [releases page](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases) and append `.atom` to the URL:
+
+`https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases.atom`
+
+#### GitLab
+
+On GitLab, using [Aurora Store](#aurora-store) as an example, you would navigate to its [project repository](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore) and append `/-/tags?format=atom` to the URL:
+
+`https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/tags?format=atom`
+
+#### Verifying APK Fingerprints
+
+If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature with the [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) tool, which is a part of Android [build-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools).
+
+1. Install [Java JDK](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/).
+
+2. Download the [Android Studio command line tools](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-tools).
+
+3. Extract the downloaded archive:
+
+    ```bash
+    unzip commandlinetools-*.zip
+    cd cmdline-tools
+    ./bin/sdkmanager --sdk_root=./ "build-tools;29.0.3"
+    ```
+
+4. Run the signature verification command:
+
+    ```bash
+    ./build-tools/29.0.3/apksigner verify --print-certs ../Camera-37.apk
+    ```
+
+5. The resulting hashes can then be compared with another source. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk/) on their website.
+
+    ```bash
+    Signer #1 certificate DN: CN=GrapheneOS
+    Signer #1 certificate SHA-256 digest: 6436b155b917c2f9a9ed1d15c4993a5968ffabc94947c13f2aeee14b7b27ed59
+    Signer #1 certificate SHA-1 digest: 23e108677a2e1b1d6e6b056f3bb951df7ad5570c
+    Signer #1 certificate MD5 digest: dbbcd0cac71bd6fa2102a0297c6e0dd3
+    ```
+
+### F-Droid
+
+![F-Droid logo](assets/img/android/f-droid.svg){ align=right width=120px }
+
+==We do **not** currently recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly in the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds/) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are [notable problems](https://privsec.dev/posts/android/f-droid-security-issues/) with the official F-Droid client, their quality control, and how they build, sign, and deliver packages.
+
+Due to their process of building apps, apps in the official F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust.
+
+Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
+
+That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.
+
+!!! note
+
+    In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-Droid app to obtain it.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+### Operating Systems
+
+- Must be open-source software.
+- Must support bootloader locking with custom AVB key support.
+- Must receive major Android updates within 0-1 months of release.
+- Must receive Android feature updates (minor version) within 0-14 days of release.
+- Must receive regular security patches within 0-5 days of release.
+- Must **not** be "rooted" out of the box.
+- Must **not** enable Google Play Services by default.
+- Must **not** require system modification to support Google Play Services.
+
+### Devices
+
+- Must support at least one of our recommended custom operating systems.
+- Must be currently sold new in stores.
+- Must receive a minimum of 5 years of security updates.
+- Must have dedicated secure element hardware.
+
+### Applications
+
+- Applications on this page must not be applicable to any other software category on the site.
+- General applications should extend or replace core system functionality.
+- Applications should receive regular updates and maintenance.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"