Correct configuration

Changes as per Forum discussion - 1
This is done with respect to comment by 128bitpotato - https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/windows-guide/250/81
2026-04-30 09:21:35 +00:00 · 2023-03-27 10:22:23 -05:00 · 2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00 · 2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00
2079 changed files with 221319 additions and 3670 deletions
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../../../../theme/assets/brand/WOFF/bagnard/Bagnard.woff
@@ -52,19 +52,17 @@ updates:
    labels:
      - "fix:submodules"

-# Disabled because some updates tend to remove needed dependencies for some reason
-
-#  # Maintain dependencies for pipenv
-#  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
-#    directory: "/"
-#    insecure-external-code-execution: allow
-#    registries:
-#      - github-privacyguides
-#    schedule:
-#      interval: "daily"
-#    assignees:
-#      - "jonaharagon"
-#    reviewers:
-#      - "jonaharagon"
-#    labels:
-#      - "fix:python"
+  # Maintain dependencies for pipenv
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    insecure-external-code-execution: allow
+    registries:
+      - github-privacyguides
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    assignees:
+      - "jonaharagon"
+    reviewers:
+      - "jonaharagon"
+    labels:
+      - "fix:python"
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
+
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+# IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+name: 💬 Crowdin Download
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  release:
+    types: [ published ]
+
+permissions: write-all
+
+jobs:
+  synchronize-with-crowdin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: crowdin action
+      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.1
+      with:
+        upload_sources: false
+        upload_translations: false
+        download_translations: true
+        localization_branch_name: crowdin/l10n_translations
+        create_pull_request: true
+        pull_request_title: 'New Crowdin Translations'
+        pull_request_body: 'New Crowdin translations by [Crowdin GitHub Action](https://github.com/crowdin/github-action)'
+        pull_request_base_branch_name: 'main'
+        config: crowdin.yml
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.REPO_TOKEN }}
+        CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID }}
+        CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN }}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
      uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: crowdin action
-      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.12.0
+      uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.1
      with:
        upload_sources: true
        upload_sources_args: '--auto-update --delete-obsolete'
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: '3.8'
-          cache: 'pipenv'
      
      - name: Cache files
        uses: actions/cache@v3.3.1
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          pip install pipenv
          pipenv install
-          sudo apt install pngquant

      - name: Build website
        env:
@@ -73,10 +71,13 @@ jobs:
          CARDS: true
        run: |
          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.he.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.nl.yml
          pipenv run mkdocs --version

      - name: Package website
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v2
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v1
        with:
          path: site

@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@

 name: 📦 Releases

-on:
+on: 
  push:
    tags:
      - '*'

 jobs:
-  production:
-    name: Push release to production
+  build:
+    name: Create Release
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: write
@@ -39,28 +39,14 @@ jobs:
          fetch-depth: '0'
          ssh-key: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
          submodules: 'true'
-
-      - name: Push to production branch
-        run: |
-          git push origin HEAD:production
-  
-  build:
-    name: Create release packages
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: '0'
-          ssh-key: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
-          submodules: 'true'
+      
+      - name: Pages setup
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v3

      - name: Python setup
        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: '3.8'
-          cache: 'pipenv'
      
      - name: Cache files
        uses: actions/cache@v3.3.1
@@ -72,14 +58,13 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          pip install pipenv
          pipenv install
-          sudo apt install pngquant

      - name: Build website
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          CARDS: false
+          CARDS: true
        run: |
-          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs-offline.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.offline.yml
          pipenv run mkdocs --version
      
      - name: Package website
@@ -102,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Create ZIM File
        uses: addnab/docker-run-action@v3
        with:
-          image: ghcr.io/openzim/zim-tools:3.1.3
+          image: openzim/zim-tools:latest
          options: -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/data
          run: |
            zimwriterfs -w index.html -I assets/brand/PNG/Square/pg-yellow.png -l eng -t "Privacy Guides" -d "Your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online." -c "Privacy Guides" -p "Jonah Aragon" -n "Privacy Guides" -e "https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org" /data/site /data/privacy_guides.zim
@@ -113,26 +98,6 @@ jobs:
          name: privacy_guides.zim
          path: privacy_guides.zim

-  release:
-    name: Create release notes
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: offline.tar.gz
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: offline.zip
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: privacy_guides.zim
-
      - name: Create release notes
        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
        with:
@@ -1,22 +1,2 @@
 site
-/i18n/
-/includes/*
-!/includes/*.en.*
-/static/i18n/*
-!/static/i18n/*.en.*
-/theme/overrides/*
-!/theme/overrides/*.en.*
-# include Bagnard font in social card
-# (not available in Google Fonts)
-# ridiculous hide-and-seek https://stackoverflow.com/a/72380673
-/.cache/* 
-!/.cache/plugin
-/.cache/plugin/*
-!/.cache/plugin/social
-/.cache/plugin/social/*
-!/.cache/plugin/social/fonts
-/.cache/plugin/social/fonts/*
-!/.cache/plugin/social/fonts/Bagnard
-
-# Local Netlify folder
-.netlify
+.cache
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 brew "pngquant"
-brew "crowdin"
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-brew "pngquant"
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
-#
+
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 # deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 # rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 # sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-#
+
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
+
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mkdocs-material = {path = "./modules/mkdocs-material"}
 mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin = "~=1.2"
 mkdocs-git-committers-plugin-2 = "~=1.1"
 mkdocs-macros-plugin = "~=0.7"
-pillow = "~=10.0"
+pillow = "~=9.4"
 cairosvg = "~=2.7"

 [dev-packages]
@@ -48,11 +48,10 @@ The current list of team members can be found [here](https://www.privacyguides.o

 - 💬 [Start a discussion or suggest an idea](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
 - 💖 [Sponsor the project](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides)
- 🈴 [Help translate the site](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides) [[Matrix chat](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh)]
+- 🈴 [Help translate the site](https://crwd.in/privacyguides) [[Matrix chat](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh)]
 - 📝 Edit the site, everything's accessible in this repo
  - Browse our [open issues](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/issues) to see what needs to be updated
-  - View the list of [approved topics waiting for a PR](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/tag/approved)
-  - Read some writing tips in our [style guide](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/meta/writing-style/)
+  - View some contribution tips on our [contributor's wiki](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/wiki)

 All contributors to the site are listed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors). If you make a substantial (i.e. copyright eligible) contribution to the project and would like to be formally credited, you are welcome to include your information in the appropriate `authors` section in [`CITATION.cff`](/CITATION.cff) as well, just submit a PR or ask @jonaharagon to make the change.

@@ -64,8 +63,6 @@ All contributors to the site are listed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/
 [![Codeberg](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=codeberg&label=&message=Codeberg&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://codeberg.org/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
 [![SourceHut](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=git&label=&message=SourceHut&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://git.sr.ht/~jonaharagon/privacyguides.org)

-**Hidden service (Tor/onion):** [xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion](http://www.xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion/)
-
 ## License

 Copyright &copy; 2019 - 2023 [Privacy Guides contributors](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors).
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdoc

 1. Clone this repository and submodules: `git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git`
 2. Enable SSH commit verification with our local [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) file: `git config gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile .allowed_signers`
-3. Install Python **3.8**, this is the only version supported by Netlify
+3. Install Python **3.8**, this is the only version supported by Netlify.
 4. Install **pipenv**: `pip install pipenv`
 5. Install dependencies: `pipenv install --dev` (install [Pillow and CairoSVG](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-social-cards/#dependencies) as well to generate social cards)
 6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
@@ -102,19 +99,8 @@ This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdoc

 If you commit to `main` with commits signed with your SSH key, you should add your SSH key to [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) in this repo.

-### Local Translated Site Builds
-
-1. Install the [Crowdin CLI Tool](https://developer.crowdin.com/cli-tool/) (`brew install crowdin`)
-2. Set the `CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN` environment variable to your Crowdin personal access token
-3. Run `crowdin download` in the root of this repo
-4. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml` (replacing the config file with any language in [/config](/config))
-
-Translations downloaded from Crowdin are [.gitignore](/.gitignore)'d, so any local changes to the translated site cannot be committed to this repo. Actual modifications need to be made on Crowdin. As an alternative to steps 1-3, you can copy the folders from [privacyguides/i18n](https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n) to the root of this repo to obtain the translated files.
-
 ## Releasing

-It is required to create a GitHub release to publish the current site to privacyguides.org. The current `main` branch can be previewed at [https://main.staging.privacyguides.dev](https://main.staging.privacyguides.dev) prior to release.
-
 1. Create a new tag: `git tag -s v3.X.X -m 'Some message'`
    - [View existing tags](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tags)
    - Tag [numbering](https://semver.org/): Increment the MINOR (2nd) number when making significant changes (adding/deleting pages, etc.), increment the PATCH (3rd) number when making minor changes (typos, bug fixes). Probably leave the MAJOR number at 3 until a massive revamp (v1 -> v2 was the Jekyll to MkDocs transition, v2 -> v3 was the introduction of translations).
@@ -18,21 +18,18 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-/  /en/       302  Language=en
-/  /es/       302  Language=es
-/  /fr/       302  Language=fr
-/  /he/       302  Language=he
-/  /it/       302  Language=it
-/  /nl/       302  Language=nl
-/  /zh-hant/  302  Language=zh-Hant
-/  /ru/       302  Language=ru
-/  /en/       302
+# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
+
+/  /en/  302  Language=en
+/  /fr/  302  Language=fr
+/  /he/  302  Language=he
+/  /nl/  302  Language=nl
+/  /en/  302

 /.well-known/matrix/* https://matrix.privacyguides.org/.well-known/matrix/:splat 200
-/.well-known/* /well-known/:splat 200

-/kb /en/basics/why-privacy-matters/
-/:lang/kb /:lang/basics/why-privacy-matters/
+/kb /en/basics/threat-modeling/
+/:lang/kb /:lang/basics/threat-modeling/

 /coc /en/CODE_OF_CONDUCT/
 /license https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tree/main/README.md#license
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-definitions:
-
-  - &background_color >-
-    #FFD06F
-
-  - &color >-
-    #2d2d2d
-
-  - &title_font_family >-
-    Bagnard
-
-  - &font_family >-
-    {%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
-      Suez One
-    {%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
-      Noto Sans TC
-    {%- else -%}
-      Public Sans
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &page_title >-
-    {{ config.site_name }}
-
-  - &page_title_with_site_name >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
-  
-  - &page_description >-
-    {{ config.extra.homepage_description or "A socially motivated website which provides information about protecting your online data privacy and security." }}
-
-  - &og_description >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
-
-  - &logo >-
-    {{ config.docs_dir }}/{{ config.theme.logo }}
-
-# Meta tags
-tags:
-
-  # Open Graph
-  og:type: website
-  og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  og:description: *og_description
-  og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-  og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
-  og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
-  og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
-  og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
-
-  # Twitter
-  twitter:card: summary_large_image
-  twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  twitter:description: *page_description
-  twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Specification
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Card size and layers
-size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
-layers:
-
-  # Background
-  - background:
-      color: *background_color
-
-  # Logo
-  - size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
-    background:
-      image: *logo
-
-  # Page title
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
-    offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_title
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *title_font_family
-        style: Bold
-  
-  # Page description
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 192 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 320 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_description
-      overflow: shrink
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *font_family
-        style: Regular
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-definitions:
-
-  - &background_image >-
-    {%- if page.meta.cover -%}
-      theme/assets/img/cover/{{ page.meta.cover }}
-    {%- else -%}
-      {{ layout.background_image or "" }}
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &background_color >-
-    {%- if page.meta.cover -%}
-      #f7f7fcaa
-    {%- else -%}
-      #FFD06F
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &color >-
-    {{ layout.color or "#2d2d2d" }}
-
-  - &title_font_family >-
-    {%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
-      Suez One
-    {%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
-      Noto Serif TC
-    {%- else -%}
-      Bagnard
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &font_family >-
-    {%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
-      Suez One
-    {%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
-      Noto Sans TC
-    {%- else -%}
-      Public Sans
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &site_name >-
-    {{ config.site_name }}
-
-  - &page_title >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
-
-  - &page_title_with_site_name >-
-    {%- if page.meta.meta_title -%}
-      {{ page.meta.meta_title }}
-    {%- else -%}
-      {{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }} - {{ config.site_name }}
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &page_description >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
-
-  - &page_icon >-
-    {{ page.meta.icon or "" }}
-
-  - &logo >-
-    {%- if page.meta.cover -%}
-      theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext.svg
-    {%- elif config.theme.logo -%}
-      {{ config.docs_dir }}/{{ config.theme.logo }}
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-# Meta tags
-tags:
-
-  # Open Graph
-  og:type: website
-  og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  og:description: *page_description
-  og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-  og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
-  og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
-  og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
-  og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
-
-  # Twitter
-  twitter:card: summary_large_image
-  twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  twitter:description: *page_description
-  twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Specification
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Card size and layers
-size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
-layers:
-
-  # Background
-  - background:
-      image: *background_image
-      color: *background_color
-
-  # Page icon
-  - size: { width: 630, height: 630 }
-    offset: { x: 570, y: 0 }
-    icon:
-      value: *page_icon
-      color: "#00000033"
-
-  # Logo
-  - size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
-    background:
-      image: *logo
-
-  # Site name
-  - size: { width: 768, height: 42 }
-    offset: { x: 160, y: 78 }
-    typography:
-      content: *site_name
-      color: *color
-      font:
-        family: Bagnard
-        style: Bold
-
-  # Page title
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
-    offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_title
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *title_font_family
-        style: Bold
-
-  # Page description
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 96 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 480 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_description
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *font_family
-        style: Regular
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-definitions:
-
-  - &background_image >-
-    {%- if page.meta.cover -%}
-      theme/assets/img/cover/{{ page.meta.cover }}
-    {%- else -%}
-      {{ layout.background_image or "theme/assets/brand/PNG/Banner/cover-progress-notext-blur.png" }}
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &background_color >-
-    #f7f7fcaa
-
-  - &color >-
-    {{ layout.color or "#2d2d2d" }}
-
-  - &title_font_family >-
-    {%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
-      Suez One
-    {%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
-      Noto Serif TC
-    {%- else -%}
-      Bagnard
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &font_family >-
-    {%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
-      Suez One
-    {%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
-      Noto Sans TC
-    {%- else -%}
-      Public Sans
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &site_name >-
-    {{ config.site_name }}
-
-  - &page_title >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
-
-  - &page_title_with_site_name >-
-    {%- if page.meta.meta_title -%}
-      {{ page.meta.meta_title }}
-    {%- else -%}
-      {{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
-    {%- endif -%}
-
-  - &page_description >-
-    {{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
-
-  - &page_icon >-
-    {{ page.meta.icon or "" }}
-
-  - &logo >-
-    theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext.svg
-
-# Meta tags
-tags:
-
-  # Open Graph
-  og:type: website
-  og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  og:description: *page_description
-  og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-  og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
-  og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
-  og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
-  og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
-
-  # Twitter
-  twitter:card: summary_large_image
-  twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
-  twitter:description: *page_description
-  twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Specification
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Card size and layers
-size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
-layers:
-
-  # Background
-  - background:
-      image: *background_image
-      color: *background_color
-
-  # Page icon
-  - size: { width: 630, height: 630 }
-    offset: { x: 570, y: 0 }
-    icon:
-      value: *page_icon
-      color: "#00000033"
-
-  # Logo
-  - size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
-    background:
-      image: *logo
-
-  # Site name
-  - size: { width: 768, height: 42 }
-    offset: { x: 160, y: 78 }
-    typography:
-      content: *site_name
-      color: *color
-      font:
-        family: Bagnard
-        style: Bold
-
-  # Page title
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
-    offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_title
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *title_font_family
-        style: Bold
-
-  # Page description
-  - size: { width: 864, height: 96 }
-    offset: { x: 64, y: 480 }
-    typography:
-      content: *page_description
-      align: start
-      color: *color
-      line:
-        amount: 3
-        height: 1.5
-      font:
-        family: *font_family
-        style: Regular
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@

 extra:
  context: !ENV [CONTEXT, "production"]
-  deploy: !ENV DEPLOY_ID
  social:
    - icon: simple/mastodon
      link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
@@ -34,18 +33,11 @@ extra:
    - icon: simple/github
      link: https://github.com/privacyguides
      name: GitHub
-    - icon: simple/torbrowser
-      link: http://www.xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion/
-      name: Hidden service
  alternate:
    - name: English
      link: /en/
      lang: en
      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1fa-1f1f8.svg
-    - name: Español
-      link: /es/
-      lang: es
-      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ea-1f1f8.svg
    - name: Français
      link: /fr/
      lang: fr
@@ -54,22 +46,10 @@ extra:
      link: /he/
      lang: he
      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f1.svg
-    - name: Italian
-      link: /it/
-      lang: it
-      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f9.svg
    - name: Nederlands
      link: /nl/
      lang: nl
      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f3-1f1f1.svg
-    - name: 正體中文
-      link: /zh-hant/
-      lang: zh-Hant
-      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ed-1f1f0.svg
-    - name: Russian
-      link: /ru/
-      lang: ru
-      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f7-1f1fa.svg

 repo_url: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
 repo_name: ""
@@ -77,7 +57,6 @@ repo_name: ""
 theme:
  name: material
  custom_dir: ../theme
-  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  favicon: assets/brand/png/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
  icon:
    repo: simple/github
@@ -88,7 +67,6 @@ theme:
    - navigation.expand
    - navigation.path
    - navigation.indexes
-    - content.tabs.link
    - content.tooltips
    - search.highlight

@@ -101,7 +79,7 @@ extra_javascript:
 watch:
  - ../theme
  - ../includes
-  - mkdocs-common.yml
+  - mkdocs.common.yml

 plugins:
  tags: {}
@@ -118,18 +96,12 @@ plugins:
      - index.md
    fallback_to_build_date: true
  privacy:
-    assets_exclude:
+    external_assets_exclude:
      - cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/*
      - api.privacyguides.net/*
  optimize:
    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
  typeset: {}
-  social:
-    cards: !ENV [CARDS, true]
-    cards_dir: assets/img/social
-    cards_layout_dir: config/layouts
-    cards_layout: page
-    # cards_layout: pride

 markdown_extensions:
  admonition: {}
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
 docs_dir: '../docs'
 site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/"
 site_dir: '../site/en'
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ extra:

 theme:
  language: en
-  # ENGLISH ONLY: this logo needs to be set separately because the relative path is different
  logo: ../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  font:
    text: Public Sans
@@ -78,6 +77,16 @@ theme:
        icon: material/brightness-5
        name: "Switch to system theme"

+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-en
+
 markdown_extensions:
  pymdownx.snippets:
    auto_append: 
@@ -86,7 +95,6 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
  - Home: 'index.md'
  - Knowledge Base:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
@@ -97,17 +105,20 @@ nav:
      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
      - 'basics/email-security.md'
      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+      - Windows Overview:
+        - 'os/windows/index.md'
+        - 'os/windows/hardening.md'
+        - 'os/windows/privacy.md'
+        - 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
    - Advanced Topics:
      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/payments.md'
      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Operating Systems:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
    - kb-archive.md
  - Recommendations:
    - 'tools.md'
@@ -115,6 +126,10 @@ nav:
      - 'tor.md'
      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
    - Providers:
      - 'cloud.md'
      - 'dns.md'
@@ -136,10 +151,7 @@ nav:
      - 'passwords.md'
      - 'productivity.md'
      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Operating Systems:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
  - About:
    - 'about/index.md'
    - 'about/criteria.md'
@@ -155,7 +167,6 @@ nav:
      - Writing Guide:
        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
      - Technical Guides:
        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
-
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
-docs_dir: '../i18n/es'
-site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/es/"
-site_dir: '../site/es'
-
-site_name: Privacy Guides
-site_description: |
-  Privacy Guides es tu recurso central de privacidad y seguridad para protegerte en línea.
-copyright: |
-  <b>Privacy Guides</b> es un sitio web sin fines lucrativos y de motivación social que ofrece información para proteger la seguridad y privacidad de sus datos.<br>
-  No ganamos dinero por recomendar determinados productos y no utilizamos enlaces de afiliados.<br>
-  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides y colaboradores.
-  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
-  Contenido bajo licencia <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
-edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/es/
-
-extra:
-  generator: false
-  analytics:
-    provider: plausible
-    property: privacyguides.org
-    feedback:
-      title: "¿Le ha resultado útil esta página?"
-      ratings:
-        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
-          name: "Esta página fue útil"
-          data: Helpful
-          note: "Gracias por sus comentarios!"
-        - icon: material/robot-confused
-          name: "Esta página se podría mejorar"
-          data: Needs Improvement
-          note: "Gracias por sus comentarios. Ayúdenos a mejorar esta página abriendo un <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>debate en nuestro foro</a>."
-
-theme:
-  language: es
-  font:
-    text: Public Sans
-    code: DM Mono
-  palette:
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-auto
-        name: "Cambiar a modo oscuro"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
-      scheme: slate
-      accent: amber
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-2
-        name: "Cambiar a modo claro"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-5
-        name: "Cambiar al tema del sistema"
-
-markdown_extensions:
-  pymdownx.snippets:
-    auto_append: 
-      - includes/abbreviations.es.txt
-
-nav:
-  - Inicio: 'index.md'
-  - Base de conocimientos:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
-    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
-    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
-    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
-    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
-    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
-    - "Aspectos tecnológicos esenciales":
-      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
-      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'basics/email-security.md'
-      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
-    - Temas avanzados:
-      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/payments.md'
-      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Sistemas operativos:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
-    - kb-archive.md
-  - Recomendaciones:
-    - 'tools.md'
-    - "Navegación por Internet":
-      - 'tor.md'
-      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
-      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
-    - Proveedores:
-      - 'cloud.md'
-      - 'dns.md'
-      - 'email.md'
-      - 'financial-services.md'
-      - 'search-engines.md'
-      - 'vpn.md'
-    - Software:
-      - 'calendar.md'
-      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
-      - 'data-redaction.md'
-      - 'email-clients.md'
-      - 'encryption.md'
-      - 'file-sharing.md'
-      - 'frontends.md'
-      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'news-aggregators.md'
-      - 'notebooks.md'
-      - 'passwords.md'
-      - 'productivity.md'
-      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Sistemas operativos:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
-  - Acerca de:
-    - 'about/index.md'
-    - 'about/criteria.md'
-    - 'about/statistics.md'
-    - 'about/notices.md'
-    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - Comunidad:
-      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - Servicios en línea: 'about/services.md'
-      - "Código de conducta": 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
-      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - Contribuir:
-      - "Guía de redacción":
-        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
-        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
-      - "Guías técnicas":
-        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
-        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
-  - "Registro de cambios": 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
-  - Foro: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
-  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
 docs_dir: '../i18n/fr'
 site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/fr/"
 site_dir: '../site/fr'
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ site_name: Privacy Guides
 site_description: |
  Privacy Guides est votre ressource centrale en matière de vie privée et de sécurité pour vous protéger en ligne.
 copyright: |
-  <b>Privacy Guides</b> est un site web à but non lucratif et à vocation sociale qui fournit des informations pour protéger la sécurité de vos données et votre vie privée.<br>
-  Nous ne gagnons pas d'argent en recommandant certains produits et nous n'utilisons pas de liens d'affiliation.<br>
-  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides et contributeurs.
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides and contributors. 
  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span> 
-  Contenu sous licence <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+  Content licensed under <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
 edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/fr/

 extra:
@@ -49,10 +49,11 @@ extra:
        - icon: material/robot-confused
          name: "Cette page pourrait être améliorée"
          data: Needs Improvement
-          note: "Merci pour vos commentaires ! Aidez-nous à améliorer cette page en ouvrant une <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion sur notre forum</a>."
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."

 theme:
  language: fr
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  font:
    text: Public Sans
    code: DM Mono
@@ -76,6 +77,16 @@ theme:
        icon: material/brightness-5
        name: "Basculer vers le thème du système"

+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-fr
+
 markdown_extensions:
  pymdownx.snippets:
    auto_append: 
@@ -84,7 +95,6 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
  - Accueil: 'index.md'
  - Base de connaissances:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
@@ -95,17 +105,20 @@ nav:
      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
      - 'basics/email-security.md'
      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+      - Windows Overview:
+        - 'os/windows/index.md'
+        - 'os/windows/hardening.md'
+        - 'os/windows/privacy.md'
+        - 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
    - "Sujets avancés":
      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/payments.md'
      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
    - kb-archive.md
  - Recommandations:
    - 'tools.md'
@@ -113,6 +126,10 @@ nav:
      - 'tor.md'
      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
    - "Fournisseurs":
      - 'cloud.md'
      - 'dns.md'
@@ -134,27 +151,23 @@ nav:
      - 'passwords.md'
      - 'productivity.md'
      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
  - "À propos":
    - 'about/index.md'
    - 'about/criteria.md'
    - 'about/statistics.md'
    - 'about/notices.md'
    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - "Communauté":
+    - Community:
      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - "Services en ligne": 'about/services.md'
-      - "Code de conduite": 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - "Contribuer":
-      - "Guide de rédaction":
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
-      - "Guides techniques":
+      - Technical Guides:
        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
  - Journal des modifications: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
 docs_dir: '../i18n/he'
 site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/he/"
 site_dir: '../site/he'
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ extra_css:

 theme:
  language: he
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  font:
    text: Open Sans
    code: Cousine
@@ -80,6 +81,16 @@ theme:
        icon: material/brightness-5
        name: "עבור לערכת הנושא של המערכת"

+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Suez One
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-he
+
 markdown_extensions:
  pymdownx.snippets:
    auto_append: 
@@ -88,7 +99,6 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
  - "דף הבית": 'index.md'
  - "ידע בסיסי":
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
@@ -99,17 +109,20 @@ nav:
      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
      - 'basics/email-security.md'
      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+      - Windows Overview:
+        - 'os/windows/index.md'
+        - 'os/windows/hardening.md'
+        - 'os/windows/privacy.md'
+        - 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
    - "נושאים מתקדמים":
      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/payments.md'
      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - "מערכות הפעלה":
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
    - kb-archive.md
  - "המלצות":
    - 'tools.md'
@@ -117,6 +130,10 @@ nav:
      - 'tor.md'
      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
    - "ספקים":
      - 'cloud.md'
      - 'dns.md'
@@ -138,10 +155,7 @@ nav:
      - 'passwords.md'
      - 'productivity.md'
      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - "מערכות הפעלה":
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
  - "על אודות":
    - 'about/index.md'
    - 'about/criteria.md'
@@ -157,7 +171,6 @@ nav:
      - Writing Guide:
        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
      - Technical Guides:
        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
-
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
-docs_dir: '../i18n/it'
-site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/it/"
-site_dir: '../site/it'
-
-site_name: Privacy Guides
-site_description: |
-  Privacy Guides è la risorsa centrale per la privacy e la sicurezza per proteggersi online.
-copyright: |
-  <b>Privacy Guides</b> è un sito web senza fini di lucro e a sfondo sociale che fornisce informazioni per proteggere la sicurezza e la privacy dei dati.<br>
-   Non guadagniamo denaro consigliando determinati prodotti e non utilizziamo link di affiliazione.<br>
-  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides e collaboratori.
-  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
-   Contenuto sotto licenza <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
-edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/it/
-
-extra:
-  generator: false
-  analytics:
-    provider: plausible
-    property: privacyguides.org
-    feedback:
-      title: "Questa pagina è stata utile?"
-      ratings:
-        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
-          name: "Questa pagina è stata utile"
-          data: Helpful
-          note: "Grazie per il tuo feedback!"
-        - icon: material/robot-confused
-          name: "Questa pagina può essere migliorata"
-          data: Needs Improvement
-          note: "Grazie per il tuo feedback! Aiutaci a migliorare questa pagina aprendo una discussione sul <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>nostro forum</a>."
-
-theme:
-  language: it
-  font:
-    text: Public Sans
-    code: DM Mono
-  palette:
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-auto
-        name: "Passa al tema scuro"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
-      scheme: slate
-      accent: amber
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-2
-        name: "Passa al tema chiaro"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-5
-        name: "Passa al tema di sistema"
-
-markdown_extensions:
-  pymdownx.snippets:
-    auto_append: 
-      - includes/abbreviations.it.txt
-
-nav:
-  - Pagina iniziale: 'index.md'
-  - Conoscenze di base:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
-    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
-    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
-    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
-    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
-    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
-    - Elementi essenziali della tecnologia:
-      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
-      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'basics/email-security.md'
-      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
-    - Argomenti avanzati:
-      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/payments.md'
-      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Sistemi operativi:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
-    - kb-archive.md
-  - Raccomandazioni:
-    - 'tools.md'
-    - Navigazione su Internet:
-      - 'tor.md'
-      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
-      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
-    - Fornitori:
-      - 'cloud.md'
-      - 'dns.md'
-      - 'email.md'
-      - 'financial-services.md'
-      - 'search-engines.md'
-      - 'vpn.md'
-    - Software:
-      - 'calendar.md'
-      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
-      - 'data-redaction.md'
-      - 'email-clients.md'
-      - 'encryption.md'
-      - 'file-sharing.md'
-      - 'frontends.md'
-      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'news-aggregators.md'
-      - 'notebooks.md'
-      - 'passwords.md'
-      - 'productivity.md'
-      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Sistemi operativi:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
-  - Informazioni:
-    - 'about/index.md'
-    - 'about/criteria.md'
-    - 'about/statistics.md'
-    - 'about/notices.md'
-    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - Comunità:
-      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - Servizi online: 'about/services.md'
-      - Codice di condotta: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
-      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - Contribuisci:
-      - Guida alla scrittura:
-        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
-        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
-      - Guide tecniche:
-        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
-        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
-  - Registro delle modifiche: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
-  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
-  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
 docs_dir: '../i18n/nl'
 site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/nl/"
 site_dir: '../site/nl'
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ copyright: |
  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides en medewerkers.
  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
  Inhoud gelicentieerd onder <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
-edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/nl/
+edit_uri: edit/main/docs/

 extra:
  generator: false
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ extra:

 theme:
  language: nl
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  font:
    text: Public Sans
    code: DM Mono
@@ -76,6 +77,16 @@ theme:
        icon: material/brightness-5
        name: "Verander naar systeem thema"

+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-nl
+
 markdown_extensions:
  pymdownx.snippets:
    auto_append: 
@@ -84,7 +95,6 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
  - Home: 'index.md'
  - Kennisbank:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
@@ -95,17 +105,20 @@ nav:
      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
      - 'basics/email-security.md'
      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+      - Windows Overview:
+        - 'os/windows/index.md'
+        - 'os/windows/hardening.md'
+        - 'os/windows/privacy.md'
+        - 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
    - Gevorderde onderwerpen:
      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/payments.md'
      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Besturings systemen:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/ios-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/macos-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
    - kb-archive.md
  - Recommendaties:
    - 'tools.md'
@@ -113,6 +126,10 @@ nav:
      - 'tor.md'
      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
    - Providers:
      - 'cloud.md'
      - 'dns.md'
@@ -134,29 +151,25 @@ nav:
      - 'passwords.md'
      - 'productivity.md'
      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Besturings systemen:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
  - Over ons:
    - 'about/index.md'
    - 'about/criteria.md'
    - 'about/statistics.md'
    - 'about/notices.md'
    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - Gemeenschap:
+    - Community:
      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - Online diensten: 'about/services.md'
-      - Gedragscode: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - Bijdragen:
-      - Schrijfgids:
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
-      - Technische gids:
+      - Technical Guides:
        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
-  - Wijzigingslogboek: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 # IN THE SOFTWARE.

-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
 docs_dir: '../docs'
 site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
 site_dir: '../site'
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ extra:

 theme:
  language: en
-  # this logo needs to be set separately because the relative path is different
  logo: ../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
  font:
    text: Public Sans
@@ -70,15 +69,12 @@ theme:
    - navigation.tabs
    - navigation.sections
    - navigation.indexes
-    - content.tabs.link
    - content.tooltips
    - search.highlight

 plugins:
  offline:
    enabled: true
-  social:
-    enabled: false

 markdown_extensions:
  pymdownx.snippets:
@@ -88,7 +84,6 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
  - Home: 'index.md'
  - Knowledge Base:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
@@ -99,15 +94,20 @@ nav:
      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
      - 'basics/email-security.md'
      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+      - Windows Overview:
+        - 'os/windows/index.md'
+        - 'os/windows/hardening.md'
+        - 'os/windows/privacy.md'
+        - 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
    - Advanced Topics:
      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
      - 'advanced/payments.md'
      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Operating Systems:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
    - kb-archive.md
  - Recommendations:
    - 'tools.md'
@@ -115,6 +115,10 @@ nav:
      - 'tor.md'
      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
    - Providers:
      - 'cloud.md'
      - 'dns.md'
@@ -136,10 +140,7 @@ nav:
      - 'passwords.md'
      - 'productivity.md'
      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Operating Systems:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
  - About:
    - 'about/index.md'
    - 'about/criteria.md'
@@ -155,7 +156,6 @@ nav:
      - Writing Guide:
        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
        - 'meta/brand.md'
-        - 'meta/translations.md'
      - Technical Guides:
        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
-
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
-docs_dir: '../i18n/ru'
-site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/ru/"
-site_dir: '../site/ru'
-
-site_name: Privacy Guides
-site_description: |
-  Privacy Guides - это ваш главный ресурс по конфиденциальности и безопасности для защиты себя в Интернете.
-copyright: |
-  <b>Privacy Guides</b> - некоммерческий сайт, предоставляющий информацию по защите безопасности и конфиденциальности ваших данных.<br>
-  Мы не зарабатываем на рекомендациях определенных продуктов и не используем партнерские ссылки.<br>
-  &copy; 2019 - 2023  Privacy Guides и поддерживающие.
-  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
-  Содержание доступно под лицензией <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
-edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
-
-extra:
-  generator: false
-  analytics:
-    provider: plausible
-    property: privacyguides.org
-    feedback:
-      title: "Была ли эта страница полезной?"
-      ratings:
-        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
-          name: "Эта страница была полезна"
-          data: Helpful
-          note: "Спасибо за ваш отзыв!"
-        - icon: material/robot-confused
-          name: "Эта страница может быть улучшена"
-          data: Needs Improvement
-          note: "Спасибо за ваш отзыв! Помогите нам улучшить эту страницу, <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>открыв обсуждение на нашем форуме.</a>"
-
-extra_css:
-  - assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
-  - assets/stylesheets/lang-ru.css?v=3.13.0
-
-theme:
-  language: ru
-  font:
-    text: Public Sans
-    code: DM Mono
-  palette:
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-auto
-        name: "Включить тёмную тему"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
-      scheme: slate
-      accent: amber
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-2
-        name: "Включить светлую тему"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-5
-        name: "Переключиться на тему системы"
-
-markdown_extensions:
-  pymdownx.snippets:
-    auto_append:
-      - includes/abbreviations.ru.txt
-
-nav:
-  - Главная: 'index.md'
-  - База знаний:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
-    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
-    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
-    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
-    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
-    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
-    - Технологические аспекты:
-      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
-      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'basics/email-security.md'
-      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
-    - Дополнительные темы:
-      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/payments.md'
-      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - Операционные системы:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
-    - kb-archive.md
-  - Рекомендации:
-    - 'tools.md'
-    - Интернет-браузинг:
-      - 'tor.md'
-      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
-      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
-    - Провайдеры:
-      - 'cloud.md'
-      - 'dns.md'
-      - 'email.md'
-      - 'financial-services.md'
-      - 'search-engines.md'
-      - 'vpn.md'
-    - Программное обеспечение:
-      - 'calendar.md'
-      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
-      - 'data-redaction.md'
-      - 'email-clients.md'
-      - 'encryption.md'
-      - 'file-sharing.md'
-      - 'frontends.md'
-      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'news-aggregators.md'
-      - 'notebooks.md'
-      - 'passwords.md'
-      - 'productivity.md'
-      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - Операционные системы:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
-  - О сайте:
-    - 'about/index.md'
-    - 'about/criteria.md'
-    - 'about/statistics.md'
-    - 'about/notices.md'
-    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - Сообщество:
-      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - Онлайн-сервисы: 'about/services.md'
-      - Правила поведения: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
-      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - Помощь проекту:
-      - Руководство по написанию:
-        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
-        - 'meta/brand.md'
-      - Технические руководства:
-        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
-        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
-  - Список изменений: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
-  - Форум: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
-  - Блог: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
-
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
-docs_dir: '../i18n/zh-Hant'
-site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/zh-Hant/"
-site_dir: '../site/zh-Hant'
-
-site_name: Privacy Guides
-site_description: |
-  Privacy Guides 是您重要的網路隱私與安全資源。
-copyright: |
-  <b>Privacy Guides</b> 是一個非營利、社會導向的網站，旨在提供有關資訊以確保您的資料安全和隱私。</br>
-   我們不會通過推薦某些產品來賺錢，我們也不會使用推廣回贈鏈接。
-  &copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides 和貢獻者。
-  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
-   根據CC BY-ND 4.0授權的內容。 <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
-edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/zh-Hant/
-
-extra:
-  generator: false
-  analytics:
-    provider: plausible
-    property: privacyguides.org
-    feedback:
-      title: "這個頁面對您有幫助嗎？"
-      ratings:
-        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
-          name: "此頁有幫助"
-          data: Helpful
-          note: "感謝反饋!"
-        - icon: material/robot-confused
-          name: "此頁面可以改善"
-          data: Needs Improvement
-          note: "感謝你的意見！通過在的論壇上開啟<a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net'>討論來協助我們改善此頁面。</a>"
-
-extra_css:
-  - assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
-  - assets/stylesheets/lang-zh-Hant.css?v=3.13.0
-
-theme:
-  language: zh-Hant
-  font:
-    text: Noto Sans TC
-    code: Noto Sans TC
-  palette:
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-auto
-        name: "切換至深色模式"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
-      scheme: slate
-      accent: amber
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-2
-        name: "切換至淺色模式"
-    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
-      scheme: default
-      accent: deep purple
-      toggle:
-        icon: material/brightness-5
-        name: "切換到系統主題"
-
-markdown_extensions:
-  pymdownx.snippets:
-    auto_append: 
-      - includes/abbreviations.zh-Hant.txt
-
-nav:
-  - 首頁: 'index.md'
-  - 知識庫:
-    - 'basics/why-privacy-matters.md'
-    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
-    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
-    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
-    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
-    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
-    - 技術精華:
-      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
-      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'basics/email-security.md'
-      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
-    - 進階主題:
-      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
-      - 'advanced/payments.md'
-      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
-    - 作業系統:
-      - 'os/android-overview.md'
-      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
-      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
-    - kb-archive.md
-  - 推薦:
-    - 'tools.md'
-    - 網際網路瀏覽:
-      - 'tor.md'
-      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
-      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
-    - 提供者:
-      - 'cloud.md'
-      - 'dns.md'
-      - 'email.md'
-      - 'financial-services.md'
-      - 'search-engines.md'
-      - 'vpn.md'
-    - 軟體:
-      - 'calendar.md'
-      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
-      - 'data-redaction.md'
-      - 'email-clients.md'
-      - 'encryption.md'
-      - 'file-sharing.md'
-      - 'frontends.md'
-      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
-      - 'news-aggregators.md'
-      - 'notebooks.md'
-      - 'passwords.md'
-      - 'productivity.md'
-      - 'real-time-communication.md'
-    - 作業系統:
-      - 'android.md'
-      - 'desktop.md'
-      - 'router.md'
-  - 關於:
-    - 'about/index.md'
-    - 'about/criteria.md'
-    - 'about/statistics.md'
-    - 'about/notices.md'
-    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
-    - 社群:
-      - 'about/donate.md'
-      - 線上服務: 'about/services.md'
-      - 行為守則: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
-      - 'about/privacytools.md'
-    - 貢獻:
-      - 寫作指南:
-        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
-        - 'meta/brand.md'
-      - 技術指導:
-        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
-        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
-  - 變更記錄: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
-  - 論壇: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
-  - 部落格: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
@@ -35,8 +35,3 @@ files:
  translation_replace:
    "en.": ""
  skip_untranslated_files: false
- source: "/static/i18n/*.en.*"
-  translation: "/static/i18n/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.%file_extension%"
-  translation_replace:
-    "en.": ""
-  skip_untranslated_files: false
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - feedback
+meta:
+  - property: "robots"
+    content: "noindex, nofollow"
+---
+
+# 404 - Not Found
+
+We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
+
+- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
+- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
+- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
+- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
+- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ We have these requirements in regard to developers which wish to submit their pr

 - Must disclose affiliation, i.e. your position within the project being submitted.

- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage, etc.
+- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage etc.
    - Third party audit status. We want to know if you have one, or have one planned. If possible please mention who will be conducting the audit.

 - Must explain what the project brings to the table in regard to privacy.
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/gr

 If you want to support us financially, the most convenient method for us is contributing via Open Collective, a website operated by our fiscal host. Open Collective accepts payments via credit/debit card, PayPal, and bank transfers.

-[Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+[Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate){ .md-button .md-button--primary }

 Donations made directly to us on Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.

@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ If you already make use of GitHub sponsorships, you can also sponsor our organiz

 [Sponsor us on GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides){ .md-button }

-Another option to support us is by buying our merchandise from HelloTux. We get roughly $4 for every shirt sold, and you get a quality product to show for it.
-
-[Buy on HelloTux.com](https://hellotux.com/privacyguides){ class="md-button" }
-
 ## Backers

 A special thanks to all those who support our mission! :heart:
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
 ---
+template: schema.html
 title: "About Privacy Guides"
 description: Privacy Guides is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.
-schema:
-  "@context": https://schema.org
-  "@type": Organization
-  "@id": https://www.privacyguides.org/
-  name: Privacy Guides
-  url: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/about/
-  logo: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png
-  sameAs:
-    - https://twitter.com/privacy_guides
-    - https://github.com/privacyguides
-    - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
-    - https://opencollective.com/privacyguides
-    - https://www.youtube.com/@privacyguides
-    - https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
 ---
-![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/PNG/Square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }
+![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }

 **Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides [information](/kb) for protecting your data security and privacy. Our mission is to inform the public about the value of digital privacy, and global government initiatives which aim to monitor your online activity. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors. Our website is free of advertisements and not affiliated with any of the listed providers.

@@ -58,7 +45,6 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/Niek-de-Wilde)
    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/blacklight447 "@blacklight447")
    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@blacklight447 "@blacklight447@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
-    - [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:niekdewilde@privacyguides.org)

 ??? person "@dngray"

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentralized, federated, and/or open-source projects. Many of these services are available to the public and are detailed below.

-[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2){ .md-button .md-button--primary }

 ## Discourse

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Below, we discuss and provide a tutorial to prove what an outside observer may s
    tshark -w /tmp/dns.pcap udp port 53 and host 1.1.1.1 or host 8.8.8.8
    ```

-2. We can then use [`dig`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) (Linux, MacOS, etc.) or [`nslookup`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup) (Windows) to send the DNS lookup to both servers. Software such as web browsers do these lookups automatically, unless they are configured to use encrypted DNS.
+2. We can then use [`dig`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) (Linux, MacOS etc) or [`nslookup`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup) (Windows) to send the DNS lookup to both servers. Software such as web browsers do these lookups automatically, unless they are configured to use encrypted DNS.

    === "Linux, macOS"

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ When we do a DNS lookup, it's generally because we want to access a resource. Be

 The simplest way to determine browsing activity might be to look at the IP addresses your devices are accessing. For example, if the observer knows that `privacyguides.org` is at `198.98.54.105`, and your device is requesting data from `198.98.54.105`, there is a good chance you're visiting Privacy Guides.

-This method is only useful when the IP address belongs to a server that only hosts few websites. It's also not very useful if the site is hosted on a shared platform (e.g. Github Pages, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, WordPress, Blogger, etc.). It also isn't very useful if the server is hosted behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy), which is very common on the modern Internet.
+This method is only useful when the IP address belongs to a server that only hosts few websites. It's also not very useful if the site is hosted on a shared platform (e.g. Github Pages, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, WordPress, Blogger, etc). It also isn't very useful if the server is hosted behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy), which is very common on the modern Internet.

 ### Server Name Indication (SNI)

@@ -1,82 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Android Recommendations: GrapheneOS and DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Android"
 icon: 'simple/android'
 description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
-cover: android.png
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": WebPage
-    name: Private Android Operating Systems
-    url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": CreativeWork
-    name: Android
-    image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
-    url: https://source.android.com/
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": CreativeWork
-    name: GrapheneOS
-    image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
-    url: https://grapheneos.org/
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": CreativeWork
-    name: Divest
-    image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
-    url: https://divestos.org/
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": Product
-    name: Pixel
-    brand:
-      "@type": Brand
-      name: Google
-    image: /assets/img/android/google-pixel.png
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel
-    review:
-      "@type": Review
-      author:
-        "@type": Organization
-        name: Privacy Guides
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Shelter
-    applicationCategory: Utilities
-    operatingSystem: Android
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Auditor
-    applicationCategory: Utilities
-    operatingSystem: Android
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Secure Camera
-    applicationCategory: Utilities
-    operatingSystem: Android
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Secure PDF Viewer
-    applicationCategory: Utilities
-    operatingSystem: Android
 ---

 ![Android logo](assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }
@@ -91,6 +16,8 @@ These are the Android operating systems, devices, and apps we recommend to maxim

 [General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md){ .md-button }

+[Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/){ .md-button }
+
 ## AOSP Derivatives

 We recommend installing one of these custom Android operating systems on your device, listed in order of preference, depending on your device's compatibility with these operating systems.
@@ -120,8 +47,6 @@ GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandbox

 Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support).

-[Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/){ .md-button }
-
 ### DivestOS

 !!! recommendation
@@ -136,7 +61,7 @@ Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardw
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/pages/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }

 DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates.
 DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747/) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
@@ -210,6 +135,10 @@ We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps liste
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }

+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.typeblog.shelter)
+
 !!! warning

    Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
@@ -223,7 +152,7 @@ We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps liste
    ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ align=right }
    ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }

-    **Auditor** is an app which leverages hardware security features to provide device integrity monitoring by actively validating the identity of a device and the integrity of its operating system. Currently, it only works with GrapheneOS or the stock operating system for [supported devices](https://attestation.app/about#device-support).
+    **Auditor** is an app which leverages hardware security features to provide device integrity monitoring for [supported devices](https://attestation.app/about#device-support). Currently, it only works with GrapheneOS and the device's stock operating system.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://attestation.app){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://attestation.app/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "How to Create Internet Accounts Privately - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Account Creation"
 icon: 'material/account-plus'
 description: Creating accounts online is practically an internet necessity, take these steps to make sure you stay private.
@@ -45,11 +44,15 @@ Should a service get hacked, you might start receiving phishing or spam emails t

 [Recommended email aliasing services](../email.md#email-aliasing-services){ .md-button }

-### "Sign in with..." (OAuth)
+### Single sign-on

-OAuth is an authentication protocol that allows you to register for a service without sharing much information with the service provider, if any, by using an existing account you have with another service instead. Whenever you see something along the lines of "Sign in with *provider name*" on a registration form, it's typically using OAuth.
+!!! note
+  
+    We are discussing Single sign-on for personal use, not enterprise users.

-When you sign in with OAuth, it will open a login page with the provider you choose, and your existing account and new account will be connected. Your password won't be shared, but some basic information typically will (you can review it during the login request). This process is needed every time you want to log in to the same account.
+Single sign-on (SSO) is an authentication method that allows you to register for a service without sharing much information, if any. Whenever you see something along the lines of "Sign-in with *provider name*" on a registration form it's SSO.
+
+When you choose single sign-on in a website, it will prompt your SSO provider login page and after that your account will be connected. Your password won't be shared but some basic information will (you can review it during the login request). This process is needed every time you want to log in to the same account.

 The main advantages are:

@@ -58,12 +61,12 @@ The main advantages are:

 But there are disadvantages:

- **Privacy**: the OAuth provider you log in with will know the services you use.
- **Centralization**: if the account you use for OAuth is compromised or you aren't able to login to it, all other accounts connected to it are affected.
+- **Privacy**: a SSO provider will know the services you use.
+- **Centralization**: if your SSO account gets compromised or you aren't able to login to it, all other accounts connected to it are affected.

-OAuth authentication can be especially useful in those situations where you could benefit from deeper integration between services. Our recommendation is to limit using OAuth to only where you need it, and always protect the main account with [MFA](multi-factor-authentication.md).
+SSO can be especially useful in those situations where you could benefit from deeper integration between services. For example, one of those services may offer SSO for the others. Our recommendation is to limit SSO to only where you need it and protect the main account with [MFA](multi-factor-authentication.md).

-All the services that use OAuth will be as secure as your underlying provider's account. For example, if you want to secure an account with a hardware key, but that service doesn't support hardware keys, you can secure the account you use with OAuth with a hardware key instead, and now you essentially have hardware MFA on all your accounts. It is worth noting though that weak authentication on your OAuth provider account means that any account tied to that login will also be weak.
+All services that use SSO will be as secure as your SSO account. For example, if you want to secure an account with a hardware key but that service doesn't support hardware keys, you can secure your SSO account with a hardware key and now you essentially have hardware MFA on all your accounts. It is worth noting though that weak authentication on your SSO account means that any account tied to that login will also be weak.

 ### Phone number

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Desktop platforms also often have a password manager which may help you recover
 - Windows [Credential Manager](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/accessing-credential-manager-1b5c916a-6a16-889f-8581-fc16e8165ac0)
 - macOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211145)
 - iOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211146)
- Linux, Gnome Keyring, which can be accessed through [Seahorse](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Seahorse) or [KDE Wallet Manager](https://userbase.kde.org/KDE_Wallet_Manager)
+- Linux, Gnome Keyring, which can be accessed through [Seahorse](https://help.gnome.org/users/seahorse/stable/passwords-view.html.en) or [KDE Wallet Manager](https://userbase.kde.org/KDE_Wallet_Manager)

 ### Email

@@ -2,40 +2,6 @@
 title: "Common Misconceptions"
 icon: 'material/robot-confused'
 description: Privacy isn't a straightforward topic, and it's easy to get caught up in marketing claims and other disinformation.
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": https://schema.org
-    "@type": FAQPage
-    mainEntity:
-    - 
-      "@type": Question
-      name: Is open source software inherently secure?
-      acceptedAnswer:
-          "@type": Answer
-          text: |
-            Whether the source code is available and how software is licensed does not inherently affect its security in any way. Open-source software has the potential to be more secure than proprietary software, but there is absolutely no guarantee this is the case. When you evaluate software, you should look at the reputation and security of each tool on an individual basis.
-    - 
-      "@type": Question
-      name: Can shifting trust to another provider increase privacy?
-      acceptedAnswer:
-          "@type": Answer
-          text: |
-            We talk about "shifting trust" a lot when discussing solutions like VPNs (which shift the trust you place in your ISP to the VPN provider). While this protects your browsing data from your ISP specifically, the VPN provider you choose still has access to your browsing data: Your data isn't completely secured from all parties.
-    - 
-      "@type": Question
-      name: Are privacy-focused solutions inherently trustworthy?
-      acceptedAnswer:
-          "@type": Answer
-          text: |
-            Focusing solely on the privacy policies and marketing of a tool or provider can blind you to its weaknesses. When you're looking for a more private solution, you should determine what the underlying problem is and find technical solutions to that problem. For example, you may want to avoid Google Drive, which gives Google access to all of your data. The underlying problem in this case is lack of E2EE, so you should make sure that the provider you switch to actually implements E2EE, or use a tool (like Cryptomator) which provides E2EE on any cloud provider. Switching to a "privacy-focused" provider (that doesn't implement E2EE) doesn't solve your problem: it just shifts trust from Google to that provider.
-    - 
-      "@type": Question
-      name: How complicated should my threat model be?
-      acceptedAnswer:
-          "@type": Answer
-          text: |
-            We often see people describing privacy threat models that are overly complex. Often, these solutions include problems like many different email accounts or complicated setups with lots of moving parts and conditions. The replies are usually answers to "What is the best way to do X?"
-            Finding the "best" solution for yourself doesn't necessarily mean you are after an infallible solution with dozens of conditions—these solutions are often difficult to work with realistically. As we discussed previously, security often comes at the cost of convenience.
 ---

 ## "Open-source software is always secure" or "Proprietary software is more secure"
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Why Email Isn't the Best Choice for Privacy and Security - Privacy Guides"
 title: Email Security
 icon: material/email
 description: Email is inherently insecure in many ways, and these are some of the reasons it isn't our top choice for secure communications.
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ Email providers which allow you to use standard access protocols like IMAP and S

 ### How Do I Protect My Private Keys?

-A smartcard (such as a [YubiKey](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013790259-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-OpenPGP) or [Nitrokey](https://www.nitrokey.com)) works by receiving an encrypted email message from a device (phone, tablet, computer, etc.) running an email/webmail client. The message is then decrypted by the smartcard and the decrypted content is sent back to the device.
+A smartcard (such as a [Yubikey](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013790259-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-OpenPGP) or [Nitrokey](https://www.nitrokey.com)) works by receiving an encrypted email message from a device (phone, tablet, computer, etc) running an email/webmail client. The message is then decrypted by the smartcard and the decrypted content is sent back to the device.

 It is advantageous for the decryption to occur on the smartcard so as to avoid possibly exposing your private key to a compromised device.

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Threat Modeling: The First Step on Your Privacy Journey - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Threat Modeling"
 icon: 'material/target-account'
 description: Balancing security, privacy, and usability is one of the first and most difficult tasks you'll face on your privacy journey.
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "How Do VPNs Protect Your Privacy? Our VPN Overview - Privacy Guides"
 title: VPN Overview
 icon: material/vpn
 description: Virtual Private Networks shift risk away from your ISP to a third-party you trust. You should keep these things in mind.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ VPNs cannot provide anonymity. Your VPN provider will still see your real IP add

 ## What about VPN providers that provide Tor nodes?

-Do not use that feature. The point of using Tor is that you do not trust your VPN provider. Currently Tor only supports the [TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) protocol. [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol) (used in [WebRTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC) for voice and video sharing, the new [HTTP3/QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) protocol, etc.), [ICMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol) and other packets will be dropped. To compensate for this, VPN providers typically will route all non-TCP packets through their VPN server (your first hop). This is the case with [ProtonVPN](https://protonvpn.com/support/tor-vpn/). Additionally, when using this Tor over VPN setup, you do not have control over other important Tor features such as [Isolated Destination Address](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Stream_Isolation) (using a different Tor circuit for every domain you visit).
+Do not use that feature. The point of using Tor is that you do not trust your VPN provider. Currently Tor only supports the [TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) protocol. [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol) (used in [WebRTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC) for voice and video sharing, the new [HTTP3/QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) protocol, etc), [ICMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol) and other packets will be dropped. To compensate for this, VPN providers typically will route all non-TCP packets through their VPN server (your first hop). This is the case with [ProtonVPN](https://protonvpn.com/support/tor-vpn/). Additionally, when using this Tor over VPN setup, you do not have control over other important Tor features such as [Isolated Destination Address](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Stream_Isolation) (using a different Tor circuit for every domain you visit).

 The feature should be viewed as a convenient way to access the Tor Network, not to stay anonymous. For proper anonymity, use the Tor Browser, TorSocks, or a Tor gateway.

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
---
-title: "Why Privacy Matters"
-icon: 'material/shield-account'
---
-In the modern age of digital data exploitation, your privacy has never been more critical, and yet many believe it is already a lost cause. It is not. ==Your privacy is up for grabs==, and you need to care about it. Privacy is about power, and it is so important that this power ends up in the right hands.
-
-Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we know that human information confers power over human beings. If we care about our ability to be authentic, fulfilled, and free humans, we have to care about the rules that apply to information about us. So much of our modern society is structured around **information**. When you shop online, read the news, look something up, vote, seek directions, or really anything else, you are relying on information. If we live in an information society, our information matters, and therefore privacy matters.
-
-## What is Privacy?
-
-Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
-
-**Privacy**
-
-:   ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
-
-**Security**
-
-:   Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties involved are who they say they are—and keep those applications safe. In the context of browsing the web, for example, security can be provided by HTTPS certificates.
-
-:   Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
-
-**Anonymity**
-
-:   Anonymity is the ability to act without a persistent identifier. You might achieve this online with [Tor](../tor.md), which allows you to browse the internet with a random IP address and network connection instead of your own.
-
-:   **Pseudonymity** is a similar concept, but it allows you to have a persistent identifier without it being tied to your real identity. If everybody knows you as `@GamerGuy12` online, but nobody knows your real name, that is your pseudonym.
-
-All of these concepts overlap, but it is possible to have any combination of these. The sweet spot for most people is when all three of these concepts overlap. However, it's trickier to achieve than many initially believe. Sometimes, you have to compromise on some of these, and that's okay too. This is where **threat modeling** comes into play, allowing you to make informed decisions about the [software and services](../tools.md) you use.
-
-[:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](threat-modeling.md){ .md-button }
-
-## Privacy vs. Secrecy
-
-A common counter-argument to pro-privacy movements is the notion that one doesn't need privacy if they have **"nothing to hide."** This is a dangerous misconception, because it creates a sense that people who demand privacy must be deviant, criminal, or wrong.
-
-==You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy.== We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. There are always certain facts about us—say, personal health information, or sexual behavior—that we wouldn't want the whole world to know, and that's okay. The need for privacy is legitimate, and that's what makes us human. Privacy is about empowering your rights over your own information, not about hiding secrets.
-
-## Is Privacy About Control?
-
-A common definition of privacy is that it is the ability to *control* who has access to your data. This is an easy trap to fall into, in fact it is the definition of privacy we operated this website on for a long time. It sounds nice, and it appeals to many people, but in practice it just doesn't work.
-
-Take cookie consent forms, for example. You may encounter these dozens of times per day on the various websites you visit, with a nice array of checkboxes and sliders which allow you to "curate" your preferences to exactly fit your needs. In the end, we just hit the "I Agree" button, because we just want to read the article or make a purchase. Nobody wants to complete a personal privacy audit on every single website they visit. This is an exercise in [choice architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice_architecture), designed to make you take the easy route out instead of delving into a maze of configuration options that don't need to exist in the first place.
-
-==Control over your privacy inside most apps is an illusion.== It's a shiny dashboard with all sorts of choices you can make about your data, but rarely the choices you're looking for, like "only use my data to help me." This type of control is meant to make you feel guilty about your choices, that you "had the choice" to make the apps you use more private, and you chose not to.
-
-Privacy is something we need to have baked into the [software and services](../tools.md) we use by default, you can't bend most apps into being private on your own.
-
-## Sources
-
- [Why Privacy Matters](https://www.amazon.com/Why-Privacy-Matters-Neil-Richards/dp/0190939044) (2021) by Neil Richards
- [The New Oil: Why Privacy & Security Matter](https://thenewoil.org/en/guides/prologue/why/)
- [@Thorin-Oakenpants on GitHub](https://github.com/privacytools/privacytools.io/issues/1760#issuecomment-597497298)
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Calendar Sync"
 icon: material/calendar
 description: Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement encryption at rest.
-cover: calendar.png
 ---
 Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement E2EE at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "The Best Private and Secure Cloud Storage Providers - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Cloud Storage"
 icon: material/file-cloud
 description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not look at your files. These are private alternatives!
-cover: cloud.png
 ---
 Many cloud storage providers require your full trust that they will not look at your files. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by implementing secure E2EE.

@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ If these alternatives do not fit your needs, we suggest you look into using encr

    **Proton Drive** is a Swiss encrypted cloud storage provider from the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail).

-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/drive){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/drive){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/drive){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail/WebClients){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
@@ -43,9 +41,9 @@ Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a

    ![Tresorit logo](assets/img/cloud/tresorit.svg){ align=right }

-    **Tresorit** is a Swiss-Hungarian encrypted cloud storage provider founded in 2011. Tresorit is owned by the Swiss Post, the national postal service of Switzerland.
+    **Tresorit** is a Hungarian encrypted cloud storage provider founded in 2011. Tresorit is owned by the Swiss Post, the national postal service of Switzerland.

-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tresorit.com/){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tresorit.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://tresorit.com/legal/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.tresorit.com/hc/en-us){ .card-link title=Documentation}

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Private Cryptocurrency Blockchains - Privacy Guides"
 title: Cryptocurrency
 icon: material/bank-circle
-cover: cryptocurrency.png
 ---

 Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These cryptocurrencies provide transaction privacy by default (something which is **not** guaranteed by the majority of cryptocurrencies), provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ For optimal privacy, make sure to use a noncustodial wallet where the view key s

 For maximum privacy (even with a noncustodial wallet), you should run your own Monero node. Using another person’s node will expose some information to them, such as the IP address that you connect to it from, the timestamps that you sync your wallet, and the transactions that you send from your wallet (though no other details about those transactions). Alternatively, you can connect to someone else’s Monero node over Tor or i2p.

-In August 2021, CipherTrace [announced](https://ciphertrace.com/enhanced-monero-tracing/) enhanced Monero tracing capabilities for government agencies. Public postings show that the US Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network [licensed](https://sam.gov/opp/d12cbe9afbb94ca68006d0f006d355ac/view) CipherTrace's "Monero Module" in late 2022.
+In August 2021, CipherTrace [announced](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ciphertrace-announces-enhanced-monero-tracing-160000275.html) enhanced Monero tracing capabilities for government agencies. Public postings show that the US Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network [licensed](https://sam.gov/opp/d12cbe9afbb94ca68006d0f006d355ac/view) CipherTrace's "Monero Module" in late 2022.

 Monero transaction graph privacy is limited by its relatively small ring signatures, especially against targeted attacks. Monero's privacy features have also been [called into question](https://web.archive.org/web/20180331203053/https://www.wired.com/story/monero-privacy/) by some security researchers, and a number of severe vulnerabilities have been found and patched in the past, so the claims made by organizations like CipherTrace are not out of the question. While it's unlikely that Monero mass surveillance tools exist like they do for Bitcoin and others, it's certain that tracing tools assist with targeted investigations.

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Remove PII with Metadata Scrubbers and Data Redaction Tools - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Data and Metadata Redaction"
 icon: material/tag-remove
 description: Use these tools to remove metadata like GPS location and other identifying information from photos and files you share.
-cover: data-redaction.png
 ---
 When sharing files, be sure to remove associated metadata. Image files commonly include [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) data. Photos sometimes even include GPS coordinates in the file metadata.

@@ -1,105 +1,9 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Privacy Respecting Web Browsers for PC and Mac - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Desktop Browsers"
 icon: material/laptop
-description: These web browsers provide stronger privacy protections than Google Chrome.
-cover: desktop-browsers.png
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": WebPage
-    name: Private Desktop Browser Recommendations
-    url: "./"
-    relatedLink: "../mobile-browsers/"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Mullvad Browser
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/mullvad_browser.svg
-    url: https://mullvad.net/en/browser
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Firefox
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/firefox.svg
-    url: https://firefox.com
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Brave
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/brave.svg
-    url: https://brave.com
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
+description: Firefox and Brave are our recommendations for standard/non-anonymous browsing.
 ---
-These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. We recommend [Mullvad Browser](#mullvad-browser) if you are focused on strong privacy protections and anti-fingerprinting out of the box, [Firefox](#firefox) for casual internet browsers looking for a good alternative to Google Chrome, and [Brave](#brave) if you need Chromium browser compatibility.
-
-If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. We make some configuration recommendations on this page, but all browsers other than Tor Browser will be traceable by *somebody* in some manner or another.
-
-## Mullvad Browser
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Mullvad Browser logo](assets/img/browsers/mullvad_browser.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Mullvad Browser** is a version of [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) with Tor network integrations removed, aimed at providing Tor Browser's anti-fingerprinting browser technologies to VPN users. It is developed by the Tor Project and distributed by [Mullvad](vpn.md#mullvad), and does **not** require the use of Mullvad's VPN.
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mullvad.net/en/browser){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/tag/mullvad-browser/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/applications/mullvad-browser){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://mullvad.net/en/download/browser/windows)
-        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://mullvad.net/en/download/browser/macos)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://mullvad.net/en/download/browser/linux)
-
-Like [Tor Browser](tor.md), Mullvad Browser is designed to prevent fingerprinting by making your browser fingerprint identical to all other Mullvad Browser users, and it includes default settings and extensions that are automatically configured by the default security levels: *Standard*, *Safer* and *Safest*. Therefore, it is imperative that you do not modify the browser at all outside adjusting the default [security levels](https://tb-manual.torproject.org/security-settings/). Other modifications would make your fingerprint unique, defeating the purpose of using this browser. If you want to configure your browser more heavily and fingerprinting is not a concern for you, we recommend [Firefox](#firefox) instead.
-
-### Anti-Fingerprinting
-
-**Without** using a [VPN](vpn.md), Mullvad Browser provides the same protections against [naive fingerprinting scripts](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.3-Overrides-%5BTo-RFP-or-Not%5D#-fingerprinting) as other private browsers like Firefox+[Arkenfox](#arkenfox-advanced) or [Brave](#brave). Mullvad Browser provides these protections out of the box, at the expense of some flexibility and convenience that other private browsers can provide.
-
-==For the strongest anti-fingerprinting protection, we recommend using Mullvad Browser in conjunction **with** a VPN==, whether that is Mullvad or another recommended VPN provider. When using a VPN with Mullvad Browser, you will share a fingerprint and a pool of IP addresses with many other users, giving you a "crowd" to blend in with. This strategy is the only way to thwart advanced tracking scripts, and is the same anti-fingerprinting technique used by Tor Browser.
-
-Note that while you can use Mullvad Browser with any VPN provider, other people on that VPN must also be using Mullvad Browser for this "crowd" to exist, something which is more likely on Mullvad VPN compared to other providers, particularly this close to the launch of Mullvad Browser. Mullvad Browser does not have built-in VPN connectivity, nor does it check whether you are using a VPN before browsing; your VPN connection has to be configured and managed separately.
-
-Mullvad Browser comes with the *uBlock Origin* and *NoScript* browser extensions pre-installed. While we typically [don't recommend](#extensions) adding *additional* browser extensions, these extensions that come pre-installed with the browser should **not** be removed or configured outside their default values, because doing so would noticeably make your browser fingerprint distinct from other Mullvad Browser users. It also comes pre-installed with the Mullvad Browser Extension, which *can* be safely removed without impacting your browser fingerprint if you would like, but is also safe to keep even if you don't use Mullvad VPN.
-
-### Private Browsing Mode
-
-Mullvad Browser operates in permanent private browsing mode, meaning your history, cookies, and other site data will always be cleared every time the browser is closed. Your bookmarks, browser settings, and extension settings will still be preserved.
-
-This is required to prevent advanced forms of tracking, but does come at the cost of convenience and some Firefox features, such as Multi-Account Containers. Remember you can always use multiple browsers, for example, you could consider using Firefox+Arkenfox for a few sites that you want to stay logged in on or otherwise don't work properly in Mullvad Browser, and Mullvad Browser for general browsing.
-
-### Mullvad Leta
-
-Mullvad Browser comes with DuckDuckGo set as the default [search engine](search-engines.md), but it also comes preinstalled with **Mullvad Leta**, a search engine which requires an active Mullvad VPN subscription to access. Mullvad Leta queries Google's paid search API directly (which is why it is limited to paying subscribers), however because of this limitation it is possible for Mullvad to correlate search queries and Mullvad VPN accounts. For this reason we discourage the use of Mullvad Leta, even though Mullvad collects very little information about their VPN subscribers.
+These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. In general, we recommend keeping your browser extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.

 ## Firefox

@@ -127,17 +31,9 @@ Mullvad Browser comes with DuckDuckGo set as the default [search engine](search-

 ### Recommended Configuration

-These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**
+Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Firefox, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.

-#### Search
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Provide search suggestions**
-
-Search suggestion features may not be available in your region.
-
-Search suggestions send everything you type in the address bar to the default search engine, regardless of whether you submit an actual search. Disabling search suggestions allows you to more precisely control what data you send to your search engine provider.
-
-#### Privacy & Security
+These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Privacy & Security**.

 ##### Enhanced Tracking Protection

@@ -145,13 +41,6 @@ Search suggestions send everything you type in the address bar to the default se

 This protects you by blocking social media trackers, fingerprinting scripts (note that this does not protect you from *all* fingerprinting), cryptominers, cross-site tracking cookies, and some other tracking content. ETP protects against many common threats, but it does not block all tracking avenues because it is designed to have minimal to no impact on site usability.

-##### Firefox Suggest (US only)
-
-[Firefox Suggest](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/firefox-suggest) is a feature similar to search suggestions which is only available in the US. We recommend disabling it for the same reason we recommend disabling search suggestions. If you don't see these options under the **Address Bar** header, you do not have the new experience and can ignore these changes.
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Suggestions from the web**
- [ ] Uncheck **Suggestions from sponsors**
-
 ##### Sanitize on Close

 If you want to stay logged in to particular sites, you can allow exceptions in **Cookies and Site Data** → **Manage Exceptions...**
@@ -160,6 +49,14 @@ If you want to stay logged in to particular sites, you can allow exceptions in *

 This protects you from persistent cookies, but does not protect you against cookies acquired during any one browsing session. When this is enabled, it becomes possible to easily cleanse your browser cookies by simply restarting Firefox. You can set exceptions on a per-site basis, if you wish to stay logged in to a particular site you visit often.

+##### Search Suggestions
+
+- [ ] Uncheck **Provide search suggestions**
+
+Search suggestion features may not be available in your region.
+
+Search suggestions send everything you type in the address bar to the default search engine, regardless of whether you submit an actual search. Disabling search suggestions allows you to more precisely control what data you send to your search engine provider.
+
 ##### Telemetry

 - [ ] Uncheck **Allow Firefox to send technical and interaction data to Mozilla**
@@ -179,20 +76,14 @@ Additionally, the Firefox Accounts service collects [some technical data](https:

 This prevents you from unintentionally connecting to a website in plain-text HTTP. Sites without HTTPS are uncommon nowadays, so this should have little to no impact on your day to day browsing.

-#### Sync
+### Firefox Sync

 [Firefox Sync](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/11/firefox-sync-privacy/) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices and protects it with E2EE.

 ### Arkenfox (advanced)

-!!! tip "Use Mullvad Browser for advanced anti-fingerprinting"
-
-    [Mullvad Browser](#mullvad-browser) provides the same anti-fingerprinting protections as Arkenfox out of the box, and does not require the use of Mullvad's VPN to benefit from these protections. Coupled with a VPN, Mullvad Browser can thwart more advanced tracking scripts which Arkenfox cannot. Arkenfox still has the advantage of being much more flexible, and allowing per-site exceptions for websites which you need to stay logged in to.
-
 The [Arkenfox project](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js) provides a set of carefully considered options for Firefox. If you [decide](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/1.1-To-Arkenfox-or-Not) to use Arkenfox, a [few options](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.2-Overrides-[Common]) are subjectively strict and/or may cause some websites to not work properly - [which you can easily change](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.1-Overrides) to suit your needs. We **strongly recommend** reading through their full [wiki](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki). Arkenfox also enables [container](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers#w_for-advanced-users) support.

-Arkenfox only aims to thwart basic or naive tracking scripts through canvas randomization and Firefox's built-in fingerprint resistance configuration settings. It does not aim to make your browser blend in with a large crowd of other Arkenfox users in the same way Mullvad Browser or Tor Browser do, which is the only way to thwart advanced fingerprint tracking scripts. Remember you can always use multiple browsers, for example, you could consider using Firefox+Arkenfox for a few sites that you want to stay logged in on or otherwise trust, and Mullvad Browser for general browsing.
-
 ## Brave

 !!! recommendation
@@ -220,9 +111,9 @@ Arkenfox only aims to thwart basic or naive tracking scripts through canvas rand

 ### Recommended Configuration

-These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
+Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.

-#### Settings
+These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.

 ##### Shields

@@ -238,7 +129,6 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
    ??? warning "Use default filter lists"
        Brave allows you to select additional content filters within the internal `brave://adblock` page. We advise against using this feature; instead, keep the default filter lists. Using extra lists will make you stand out from other Brave users and may also increase attack surface if there is an exploit in Brave and a malicious rule is added to one of the lists you use.

- [x] Select **Strict** under **Upgrade connections to HTTPS**
 - [x] (Optional) Select **Block Scripts** (1)
 - [x] Select **Strict, may break sites** under Block fingerprinting

@@ -259,10 +149,10 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
 - [ ] Uncheck **Allow privacy-preserving product analytics (P3A)**
 - [ ] Uncheck **Automatically send daily usage ping to Brave**
 - [ ] Uncheck **Automatically send diagnostic reports**
+- [x] Select **Always use secure connections** in the **Security** menu
 - [ ] Uncheck **Private window with Tor** (1)

    !!! tip "Sanitizing on Close"
-
        - [x] Select **Clear cookies and site data when you close all windows** in the *Cookies and other site data* menu

        If you wish to stay logged in to a particular site you visit often, you can set exceptions on a per-site basis under the *Customized behaviors* section.
@@ -278,14 +168,15 @@ Disable built-in extensions you do not use in **Extensions**
 - [ ] Uncheck **Hangouts**
 - [ ] Uncheck **WebTorrent**

-##### Web3
+##### IPFS

-Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack surface. Unless you use any of features, they should be disabled.
+InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed filesystem. Unless you use the feature, disable it.

- Select **Extensions (no fallback)** under Default Ethereum wallet and Default Solana wallet
- Set **Method to resolve IPFS resources** to **Disabled**
+- [x] Select **Disabled** on Method to resolve IPFS resources

-##### System
+##### Additional settings
+
+Under the *System* menu

 <div class="annotate" markdown>

@@ -295,19 +186,13 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack

 1. This option is not present on all platforms.

-#### Sync
+### Brave Sync

 [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.

-#### Brave Rewards and Wallet
-
-**Brave Rewards** lets you recieve Basic Attention Token (BAT) cryptocurrency for performing certain actions within Brave. It relies on a custodial account and KYC from a select number of providers. We do not recommend BAT as a [private cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), nor do we recommend using a [custodial wallet](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), so we would discourage using this feature.
-
-**Brave Wallet** operates locally on your computer, but does not support any private cryptocurrencies, so we would discourage using this feature as well.
-
 ## Additional Resources

-In general, we recommend keeping your browser extensions to a minimum to decrease your attack surface; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation. However, uBlock Origin may prove useful if you value content blocking functionality.
+We generally do not recommend installing any extensions as they increase your attack surface. However, uBlock Origin may prove useful if you value content blocking functionality.

 ### uBlock Origin

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Desktop/PC"
 icon: simple/linux
 description: Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software freedom.
-cover: desktop.png
 ---
 Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software freedom. If you don't already use Linux, below are some distributions we suggest trying out, as well as some general privacy and security improvement tips that are applicable to many Linux distributions.

@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software

    **Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies before other distributions e.g., [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org). These new technologies often come with improvements in security, privacy, and usability in general.

-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/workstation/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://getfedora.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }

@@ -68,11 +67,11 @@ A large portion of [Arch Linux’s packages](https://reproducible.archlinux.org)

    **Fedora Silverblue** and **Fedora Kinoite** are immutable variants of Fedora with a strong focus on container workflows. Silverblue comes with the [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/) desktop environment while Kinoite comes with [KDE](https://kde.org/). Silverblue and Kinoite follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.

-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/silverblue/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }

-Silverblue (and Kinoite) differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf/) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
+Silverblue (and Kinoite) differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DNF) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/rawhide/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.

 After the update is complete you will reboot the system into the new deployment. `rpm-ostree` keeps two deployments of the system so that you can easily rollback if something breaks in the new deployment. There is also the option to pin more deployments as needed.

@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ Nix is a source-based package manager; if there’s no pre-built available in th

    ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ align=right }

-    **Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](#kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. It aims to provide privacy, security, and anonymity on the internet. Whonix is best used in conjunction with [Qubes OS](#qubes-os).
+    **Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. It aims to provide privacy, security, and anonymity on the internet. Whonix is best used in conjunction with [Qubes OS](#qubes-os).

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.whonix.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://www.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
@@ -151,48 +150,33 @@ By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypte

    ![Qubes OS logo](assets/img/qubes/qubes_os.svg){ align=right }

-    **Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (or "qubes"). Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux. It can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
+    **Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing. Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux, and can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.qubes-os.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:material-arrow-right-drop-circle: Overview](os/qubes-overview.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://qubesosfasa4zl44o4tws22di6kepyzfeqv3tg4e3ztknltfxqrymdad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/){ .card-link title=Documentation }
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }

-Qubes OS secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate *qubes*. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the *qubes* and the core system.
+Qubes OS is a Xen-based operating system meant to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (VMs), also known as *Qubes*.

-For further information about how Qubes works, read our full [Qubes OS overview](os/qubes-overview.md) page.
-
-### Kicksecure
-
-While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually outdated" distributions like Debian for Desktop use in most cases, Kicksecure is a Debian-based operating system which has been hardened to be much more than a typical Linux install.
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Kicksecure logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/kicksecure.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Kicksecure**—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. It covers a lot of privacy and hardening recommendations by default. It also serves as the base OS for [Whonix](#whonix).
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.kicksecure.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kicksecure){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+The Qubes OS operating system secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate VMs. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the system. For further details see the Qubes [FAQ](https://www.qubes-os.org/faq/).

 ## Criteria

-Choosing a Linux distro that is right for you will come down to a huge variety of personal preferences, and this page is **not** meant to be an exhaustive list of every viable distribution. Our Linux overview page has some advice on [choosing a distro](os/linux-overview.md#choosing-your-distribution) in more detail. The distros on *this* page do all generally follow the guidelines we covered there, and all meet these standards:
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

- Free and open-source.
- Receives regular software and kernel updates.
- [Avoids X11](os/linux-overview.md#wayland).
-    - The notable exception here is Qubes, but the isolation issues which X11 typically has are avoided by virtualization. This isolation only applies to apps *running in different qubes* (virtual machines), apps running in the *same* qube are not protected from each other.
- Supports full-disk encryption during installation.
- Doesn't freeze regular releases for more than 1 year.
-    - We [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
- Supports a wide variety of hardware.
- Preference towards larger projects.
-    - Maintaining an operating system is a major challenge, and smaller projects have a tendency to make more avoidable mistakes, or delay critical updates (or worse, disappear entirely). We lean towards projects which will likely be around 10 years from now (whether that's due to corporate backing or very significant community support), and away from projects which are hand-built or have a small number of maintainers.
+!!! example "This section is new"

-In addition, [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md) for recommended projects still applies. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.**
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+Our recommended operating systems:
+
+- Must be open-source.
+- Must receive regular software and Linux kernel updates.
+- Linux distributions must support [Wayland](os/linux-overview.md#Wayland).
+- Must support full-disk encryption during installation.
+- Must not freeze regular releases for more than 1 year. We [do not recommend](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
+- Must support a wide variety of hardware.
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "DNS Resolvers"
 icon: material/dns
 description: These are some encrypted DNS providers we recommend switching to, to replace your ISP's default configuration.
-cover: dns.png
 ---

 Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [DNS blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) when you can be sure there won't be any consequences. Encrypted DNS will not help you hide any of your browsing activity.
@@ -13,12 +12,12 @@ Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [

 | DNS Provider | Privacy Policy | Protocols | Logging | ECS | Filtering |
 | ------------ | -------------- | --------- | ------- | --- | --------- |
-| [**AdGuard**](https://adguard.com/en/adguard-dns/overview.html) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Some[^1] | No | Based on personal configuration. Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardDNS)
-| [**Cloudflare**](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT | Some[^2] | No | Based on personal configuration.|
-| [**Control D**](https://controld.com/free-dns) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://controld.com/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DoQ| Optional[^3] | No | Based on personal configuration. |
-| [**Mullvad**](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/) | DoH <br> DoT | No[^4] | No | Based on personal configuration. Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock)
-| [**NextDNS**](https://www.nextdns.io) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://www.nextdns.io/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DoQ | Optional[^5] | Optional | Based on personal configuration. |
-| [**Quad9**](https://quad9.net) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://quad9.net/privacy/policy/) | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Some[^6] | Optional |  Based on personal configuration, Malware blocking by default. |
+| [**AdGuard**](https://adguard.com/en/adguard-dns/overview.html) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Some[^1] | No | Based on server choice. Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardDNS)
+| [**Cloudflare**](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT | Some[^2] | No | Based on server choice.|
+| [**Control D**](https://controld.com/free-dns) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://controld.com/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DoQ| Optional[^3] | No | Based on server choice. |
+| [**Mullvad**](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/) | DoH <br> DoT | No[^4] | No | Based on server choice. Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock)
+| [**NextDNS**](https://www.nextdns.io) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://www.nextdns.io/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT | Optional[^5] | Optional | Based on server choice. |
+| [**Quad9**](https://quad9.net) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://quad9.net/privacy/policy/) | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Some[^6] | Optional |  Based on server choice, Malware blocking by default. |

 [^1]: AdGuard stores aggregated performance metrics of their DNS servers, namely the number of complete requests to a particular server, the number of blocked requests, and the speed of processing requests. They also keep and store the database of domains requested in within last 24 hours. "We need this information to identify and block new trackers and threats." "We also log how many times this or that tracker has been blocked. We need this information to remove outdated rules from our filters." [https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html)
 [^2]: Cloudflare collects and stores only the limited DNS query data that is sent to the 1.1.1.1 resolver. The 1.1.1.1 resolver service does not log personal data, and the bulk of the limited non-personally identifiable query data is stored only for 25 hours. [https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/)
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [
 [^5]: NextDNS can provide insights and logging features on an opt-in basis. You can choose retention times and log storage locations for any logs you choose to keep. If it's not specifically requested, no data is logged. [https://nextdns.io/privacy](https://nextdns.io/privacy)
 [^6]: Quad9 collects some data for the purposes of threat monitoring and response. That data may then be remixed and shared, such as for the purpose of security research. Quad9 does not collect or record IP addresses or other data they deem personally identifiable. [https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/](https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/)

-### Criteria
+## Criteria

 **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Email Clients"
 icon: material/email-open
 description: These email clients are privacy-respecting and support OpenPGP email encryption.
-cover: email-clients.png
 ---
 Our recommendation list contains email clients that support both [OpenPGP](encryption.md#openpgp) and strong authentication such as [Open Authorization (OAuth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth). OAuth allows you to use [Multi-Factor Authentication](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md) and prevent account theft.

@@ -67,9 +66,7 @@ These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Privacy & S

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/welcome/mac){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/en-ww/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/mail){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-
-Apple Mail has the ability to load remote content in the background or block it entirely and hide your IP address from senders on [macOS](https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/mlhl03be2866/mac) and [iOS](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/iphf084865c7/ios).
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/toc){ .card-link title=Documentation}

 ### Canary Mail (iOS)

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Encrypted Private Email Recommendations - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Email Services"
 icon: material/email
 description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails securely, and many offer interoperable OpenPGP encryption with other providers.
-cover: email.png
 ---
 Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.

@@ -87,6 +85,7 @@ Proton Mail has [integrated OpenPGP encryption](https://proton.me/support/how-to

 Proton Mail also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). This allows people who don't use Proton Mail to find the OpenPGP keys of Proton Mail accounts easily, for cross-provider E2EE.

+
 #### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination

 If you have a paid account and your [bill is unpaid](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) after 14 days, you won't be able to access your data. After 30 days, your account will become delinquent and won't receive incoming mail. You will continue to be billed during this period.
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ Mailbox.org doesn't accept any cryptocurrencies as a result of their payment pro

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Account Security

-Mailbox.org supports [two factor authentication](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/How+to+use+two-factor+authentication+-+2FA) for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a [YubiKey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey) via the [YubiCloud](https://www.yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud). Web standards such as [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn) are not yet supported.
+Mailbox.org supports [two factor authentication](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/How+to+use+two-factor+authentication+-+2FA) for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a [Yubikey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey) via the [Yubicloud](https://www.yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud). Web standards such as [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn) are not yet supported.

 #### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Data Security

@@ -151,65 +150,63 @@ Mailbox.org has a digital legacy feature for all plans. You can choose whether y

 ## More Providers

-These providers store your emails with zero-knowledge encryption, making them great options for keeping your stored emails secure. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between different providers.
+These providers store your emails with zero-knowledge encryption, making them great options for keeping your stored emails secure. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between providers.

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Skiff Mail logo](assets/img/email/skiff-mail.svg){ .twemoji } [Skiff Mail](email.md#skiff-mail)
+- ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [StartMail](email.md#startmail)
 - ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/email/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](email.md#tutanota)

 </div>

-### Skiff Mail
+### StartMail

 !!! recommendation

-    ![Skiff Mail logo](assets/img/email/skiff-mail.svg){ align=right }
+    ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }

-    **Skiff Mail** is a web based email service with E2EE that began in 2020 that is based in San Francisco with developers worldwide. Accounts start with 10GB of free storage.
+    **StartMail** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of standard OpenPGP encryption. StartMail has been in operation since 2014 and is based in Boulevard 11, Zeist Netherlands. Accounts start with 10GB. They offer a 30-day trial.

-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://skiff.com/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://app.skiff.com/docs/db93c237-84c2-4b2b-9588-19a7cd2cd45a#tyGksN9rkqbo2uGYASxsA6HVLjUoly/wTYK8tncTto8=){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://skiff.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/skiff-org/skiff-apps){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.startmail.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.startmail.com/en/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.startmail.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}

    ??? downloads

-        - [:simple-android: Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.skemailmobileapp&pli=1)
-        - [:simple-appstore: iOS](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/skiff-mail/id1619168801)
-        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://app.skiff.com/mail)
-
-Skiff has undergone a few [audits](https://skiff.com/transparency) during its development.
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.startmail.com/login)

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Custom Domains and Aliases

-You can create up to 3 additional @skiff.com email aliases in addition to your primary account address on their free plan. Free accounts can add 1 [custom domain](https://skiff.com/blog/custom-domain-setup), and up to 15 custom domains on a paid plan. You can create unlimited aliases or a [catch-all](https://skiff.com/blog/catch-all-email-alias) alias on your custom domain.
+Personal accounts can use [Custom or Quick](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360007297457-Aliases) aliases. [Custom domains](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/4403911432209-Setup-a-custom-domain) are also available.

 #### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Private Payment Methods

-Skiff Mail accepts cryptocurrency payments via Coinbase Commerce, including Bitcoin and Ethereum, but they do not accept our recommended [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), Monero. They also accept credit card payments via Stripe.
+StartMail accepts Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Paypal. StartMail also has other [payment options](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006620637-Payment-methods) such as [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc) (currently only for Personal accounts) and SEPA Direct Debit for accounts older than a year.

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Account Security

-Skiff Mail supports TOTP two-factor authentication and hardware security keys using FIDO2 or U2F standards. The use of a hardware security key requires setting up TOTP two-factor authentication first.
+StartMail supports TOTP two factor authentication [for webmail only](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006682158-Two-factor-authentication-2FA). They do not allow U2F security key authentication.

-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Data Security
+#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Data Security

-Skiff Mail has zero access encryption at rest for all of your data. This means the messages and other data stored in your account are only readable by you.
+StartMail has [zero access encryption at rest](https://www.startmail.com/en/whitepaper/#_Toc458527835), using their "user vault" system. When you log in, the vault is opened, and the email is then moved to the vault out of the queue where it is decrypted by the corresponding private key.

-#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Email Encryption
+StartMail supports importing [contacts](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006495557-Import-contacts) however, they are only accessible in the webmail and not through protocols such as [CalDAV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV). Contacts are also not stored using zero knowledge encryption.

-Skiff Mail does not use OpenPGP. Emails are only encrypted with E2EE to other Skiff Mail users. Skiff does not have a "temporary inbox" or "passworded email" feature like some other providers have, so that external users cannot receive or reply to messages with E2EE.
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Email Encryption
+
+StartMail has [integrated encryption](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/sections/360001889078-Encryption) in their webmail, which simplifies sending encrypted messages with public OpenPGP keys. However, they do not support the Web Key Directory standard, making the discovery of a Startmail mailbox's public key more challenging for other email providers or clients.

 #### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination

-Skiff Mail accounts do not expire, but unpaid accounts will be prompted to remove any enabled paid features (such as additional aliases) or renew their plan before the account can be used.
+On account expiration, StartMail will permanently delete your account after [6 months in 3 phases](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006794398-Account-expiration).

 #### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Additional Functionality

-Skiff additionally offers [workspace productivity features](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/skiff-pages-drive-productivity-tools/11758/13), but we still prefer [alternative](productivity.md) options for collaborating and file sharing at this time.
+StartMail allows for proxying of images within emails. If you allow the remote image to be loaded, the sender won't know what your IP address is.

-Skiff Mail does not offer a digital legacy feature.
+StartMail does not offer a digital legacy feature.

 ### Tutanota

@@ -413,7 +410,7 @@ We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal ser

 **Best Case:**

- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc.) at rest with zero-access encryption.
+- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc) at rest with zero-access encryption.
 - Integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption provided as a convenience.
 - Support for [WKD](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD) to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP.
    GnuPG users can get a key by typing: `gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com`
@@ -431,12 +428,12 @@ We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible.

 - Protect sender's IP address. Filter it from showing in the `Received` header field.
 - Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR.
+- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR
+- Must not be hosted in the US due to [ECPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act#Criticism) which has [yet to be reformed](https://epic.org/ecpa/).

 **Best Case:**

 - Accepts [anonymous payment options](advanced/payments.md) ([cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), cash, gift cards, etc.)
- Hosted in a jurisdiction with strong email privacy protection laws.

 ### Security

@@ -489,14 +486,14 @@ With the email providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.

 **Minimum to Qualify:**

- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc.). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for those who wish to opt-out.
+- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for those who wish to opt-out.

 Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:

 - Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
 - Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:

- Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc.) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
+- Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc)
 - [Browser fingerprinting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)

 **Best Case:**
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Recommended Encryption Software: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt, and OpenPGP - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Encryption Software"
 icon: material/file-lock
 description: Encryption of data is the only way to control who can access it. These tools allow you to encrypt your emails and any other files.
-cover: encryption.png
 ---
 Encryption of data is the only way to control who can access it. If you are currently not using encryption software for your hard disk, emails or files, you should pick an option here.

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "File Sharing and Sync"
 icon: material/share-variant
 description: Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your friends and family, or anonymously online.
-cover: file-sharing.png
 ---
 Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your friends and family, or anonymously online.

@@ -96,6 +95,7 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/nextcloud)

 !!! danger

@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
+        - [:simple-openbsd: OpenBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)
+        - [:simple-netbsd: NetBSD](https://syncthing.net/downloads/)

 ### Criteria

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Financial Services
 icon: material/bank
-cover: financial-services.png
 ---

 Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These services can assist you in protecting your privacy from merchants and other trackers, provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
@@ -59,13 +58,25 @@ Privacy.com gives information about the merchants you purchase from to your bank

 These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants online with [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md). Some of these services offer ID verification options for higher limits, but they also allow accounts with just an email address. Basic limits typically start at $5,000-10,000 a day for basic accounts, and significantly higher limits for ID verified accounts (if offered).

+### Cake Pay
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![CakePay logo](assets/img/financial-services/cakepay.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Cake Pay** allows you to purchase gift cards and related products with Monero. Purchases for USA merchants are available in the Cake Wallet mobile app, while the Cake Pay web app includes a broad selection of global merchants.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cakepay.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://ionia.docsend.com/view/jhjvdn7qq7k3ukwt){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://guides.cakewallet.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
 ### CoinCards

 !!! recommendation

-    ![CoinCards logo](assets/img/financial-services/coincards.svg){ align=right }
+    ![CakePay logo](assets/img/financial-services/coincards.svg){ align=right }

-    **CoinCards** (available in the US and Canada) allows you to purchase gift cards for a large variety of merchants.
+    **CoinCards** (available in the US, Canada, and UK) allows you to purchase gift cards for a large variety of merchants.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://coincards.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://coincards.com/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
@@ -2,14 +2,39 @@
 title: "Frontends"
 icon: material/flip-to-front
 description: These open-source frontends for various internet services allow you to access content without JavaScript or other annoyances.
-cover: frontends.png
 ---

 Sometimes services will try to force you to sign up for an account by blocking access to content with annoying popups. They might also break without JavaScript enabled. These frontends can allow you to get around these restrictions.

-If you choose to self-host these frontends, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+## LBRY

-When you are using an instance run by someone else, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. They can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect the default policy. Some instances have Tor .onion addresses which may grant some privacy as long as your search queries don't contain PII.
+### Librarian
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **Librarian** is a free and open-source frontend for [Odysee](https://odysee.com/) (LBRY) that is also self-hostable.
+    
+    There are a number of public instances, with some instances having [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) onion services support.
+
+    [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://codeberg.org/librarian/librarian){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-server-16:](https://librarian.codeberg.page/){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://codeberg.org/librarian/librarian/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://codeberg.org/librarian/librarian){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Librarian does not proxy video streams by default. Videos watched through Librarian will still make direct connections to Odysee's servers (e.g. `odycdn.com`); however, some instances may enable proxying which would be detailed in the instance's privacy policy.
+
+!!! tip
+
+    Librarian is useful if you want watch LBRY content on mobile without mandatory telemetry and if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, as is the case with [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level.
+
+When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Librarian, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+
+When you are using a Librarian instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. Librarian instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect the default policy. Librarian instances feature a "privacy nutrition label" to provide an overview of their policy. Some instances have Tor .onion addresses which may grant some privacy as long as your search queries don't contain PII.

 ## Twitter

@@ -33,6 +58,10 @@ When you are using an instance run by someone else, make sure to read the privac

    Nitter is useful if you want to browse Twitter content without having to log in and if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, as is the case with [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level. It also allows you to [create RSS feeds for Twitter](news-aggregators.md#twitter).

+When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Nitter, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+
+When you are using a Nitter instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. Nitter instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect the default policy. Some instances have Tor .onion addresses which may grant some privacy as long as your search queries don't contain PII.
+
 ## TikTok

 ### ProxiTok
@@ -54,6 +83,10 @@ When you are using an instance run by someone else, make sure to read the privac

    ProxiTok is useful if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, such as [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level.

+When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting ProxiTok, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+
+When you are using a ProxiTok instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. ProxiTok instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect their associated privacy policy. Some instances have Tor .onion addresses which may grant some privacy as long as your search queries don't contain PII.
+
 ## YouTube

 ### FreeTube
@@ -158,7 +191,7 @@ By default, LibreTube blocks all YouTube advertisements. Additionally, Libretube

 1. The default instance is [FramaTube](https://framatube.org/), however more can be added via **Settings** → **Content** → **PeerTube instances**

-!!! warning
+!!! Warning

    When using NewPipe, your IP address will be visible to the video providers used. Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) if your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires hiding your IP address.

@@ -187,6 +220,10 @@ By default, LibreTube blocks all YouTube advertisements. Additionally, Libretube

    Invidious is useful if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, such as [Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) on the Safest security level. It does not provide privacy by itself, and we don’t recommend logging into any accounts.

+When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Invidious, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+
+When you are using an Invidious instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. Invidious instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect their associated privacy policy. Some instances have Tor .onion addresses which may grant some privacy as long as your search queries don't contain PII.
+
 ### Piped

 !!! recommendation
@@ -207,6 +244,10 @@ By default, LibreTube blocks all YouTube advertisements. Additionally, Libretube

    Piped is useful if you want to use [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) without installing an extension or to access age-restricted content without an account. It does not provide privacy by itself, and we don’t recommend logging into any accounts.

+When self-hosting, it is important that you have other people using your instance as well in order for you to blend in. You should be careful with where and how you are hosting Piped, as other peoples' usage will be linked to your hosting.
+
+When you are using a Piped instance, make sure to read the privacy policy of that specific instance. Piped instances can be modified by their owners and therefore may not reflect their associated privacy policy.
+
 ## Criteria

 **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
@@ -1,40 +1,9 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Privacy Guides: Your Independent Privacy and Security Resource"
 template: overrides/home.en.html
-social:
-  cards_layout: home
 hide:
  - navigation
  - toc
  - feedback
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": https://schema.org
-    "@type": Organization
-    "@id": https://www.privacyguides.org/
-    name: Privacy Guides
-    url: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/about/
-    logo: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png
-    sameAs:
-      - https://twitter.com/privacy_guides
-      - https://github.com/privacyguides
-      - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
-      - https://opencollective.com/privacyguides
-      - https://www.youtube.com/@privacyguides
-      - https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
-  - 
-    "@context": https://schema.org
-    "@type": WebSite
-    name: Privacy Guides
-    url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
-    sameAs:
-      - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
-    potentialAction:
-      "@type": SearchAction
-      target:
-        "@type": EntryPoint
-        urlTemplate: "https://www.privacyguides.org/?q={search_term_string}"
-      query-input: required name=search_term_string
 ---
 <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
 ## Why should I care?
@@ -45,7 +14,7 @@ Much like the right to interracial marriage, woman's suffrage, freedom of speech

 You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy. We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. **Everyone** has something to protect. Privacy is something that makes us human.

-[:material-book-outline: Why Privacy Matters](basics/why-privacy-matters.md){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+[:material-target-account: Common Internet Threats](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }

 ## What should I do?

@@ -55,7 +24,7 @@ Trying to protect all your data from everyone all the time is impractical, expen

 ==This process of identifying threats and defining countermeasures is called **threat modeling**==, and it forms the basis of every good security and privacy plan.

-[:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
+[:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }

 ---

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
---
-title: Translations
---
-
-Crowdin has good documentation, and we suggest looking at their [Getting Started](https://support.crowdin.com/crowdin-intro/) guide. Our site is largely written in [Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown), so it should be easy to contribute. This page contains some helpful pointers for translating some specific syntax you may encounter on our site.
-
-Please join our localization room on Matrix ([#pg-i18n:aragon.sh](https://matrix.to/#/%23pg-i18n:aragon.sh)) if you have any additional questions, and read our [announcement blog post](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2023/02/26/i18n-announcement/) for additional information about the project.
-
-Note that the English version of the site is the primary version, meaning changes occur there first. If you notice a language falling behind the English version, please help out. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of all our translations. If you have a suggestion about content specific to your region, please open an issue or pull request to our [main repository](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org).
-
-## Admonitions
-
-Throughout the site we use MkDocs's [admonitions](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/admonitions/#usage), to show information to readers. They come in a few different flavors such as `example`, `warning`, `tip`, etc.
-
-When admonitions are used they will have an English string on the site by default. This can be [customized](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/admonitions/#changing-the-title), without too much effort. For example, if you were translating an admonition of type [`warning`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/admonitions/#type:warning) to Dutch, this is how you would write it:
-
-=== "Dutch translation"
-
-    ```text
-    !!! warning "Waarschuwing"
-    ```
-
-=== "English source text"
-
-    ```text
-    !!! warning
-    ```
-
-Downloads are a [custom admonition](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/admonitions/#custom-admonitions) which is written as follows:
-
-=== "Dutch translation"
-
-    ```text
-    ??? downloads "Downloaden"
-    ```
-
-=== "English source text"
-
-    ```text
-    ??? downloads
-    ```
-
-The same goes for other types, such as `tip`, `example`, `warning`, `danger` etc.
-
-Recommendations are a special type of admonition which do **not** need overriding as they have no visible text, so they are never changed:
-
-=== "Dutch translation"
-
-    ```text
-    !!! recommendation
-    ```
-
-=== "English source text"
-
-    ```text
-    !!! recommendation
-    ```
-
-## Translation output
-
-Translation software gets the translation quite accurate; however, you need to make sure the translated string is correct.
-
-For example:
-
-```text
-![Software logo](assets/img/path/to/image.svg){ align=right }
-```
-
-We have sometimes found that the syntax for inserting an image like above was missing the `![` or an extra space was placed between the text and the path, e.g. `](`. If a translation string is clearly not correct, we encourage you to **delete** it by pressing the trash icon [or vote](https://support.crowdin.com/enterprise/getting-started-for-volunteers/#voting-view) on which one you think sounds best. When invalid strings are deleted, they are removed from the organization's [translation memory](https://support.crowdin.com/enterprise/translation-memory), meaning that when the source string is seen again, it won't suggest the incorrect translation.
-
-## Punctuation
-
-For examples like the above admonitions, quotation marks, e.g.: `" "` must be used to specify string text. MkDocs will not correctly interpret other symbols i.e., `「 」` or `« »`. Other punctuation marks are fine for marking regular quotations within the text otherwise.
-
-## Fullwidth alternatives and Markdown syntax
-
-CJK writing systems tend to use alternative "fullwidth" variants of common symbols. These are different characters and cannot be used for markdown syntax.
-
- Links must use regular parenthesis ie `(` (Left Parenthesis U+0028) and `)` (Right Parenthesis U+0029) and not `（` (Fullwidth Left Parenthesis U+FF08) or `）` (Fullwidth Right Parenthesis U+FF09)
- Indented quoted text must use `:` (Colon U+003A) and not `：` (Fullwidth Colon U+FF1A)
- Pictures must use `!` (Exclamation Mark U+0021) and not `！` (Fullwidth Exclamation Mark U+FF01) 
@@ -1,40 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Privacy Respecting Mobile Web Browsers for Android and iOS - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Mobile Browsers"
 icon: material/cellphone-information
 description: These browsers are what we currently recommend for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing on your phone.
-cover: mobile-browsers.png
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": WebPage
-    name: Private Mobile Browser Recommendations
-    url: "./"
-    relatedLink: "../desktop-browsers/"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Brave
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/brave.svg
-    url: https://brave.com
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Android
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": MobileApplication
-    name: Safari
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/safari.svg
-    url: https://www.apple.com/safari/
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - iOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
 ---
 These are our currently recommended mobile web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing. If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. In general, we recommend keeping extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.

@@ -79,13 +46,12 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default

 <div class="annotate" markdown>

- [x] Select **Aggressive** under **Block trackers & ads**
+- [x] Select **Aggressive** under Block trackers & ads

    ??? warning "Use default filter lists"
        Brave allows you to select additional content filters within the internal `brave://adblock` page. We advise against using this feature; instead, keep the default filter lists. Using extra lists will make you stand out from other Brave users and may also increase attack surface if there is an exploit in Brave and a malicious rule is added to one of the lists you use.

 - [x] Select **Upgrade connections to HTTPS**
- [x] Select **Always use secure connections**
 - [x] (Optional) Select **Block Scripts** (1)
 - [x] Select **Strict, may break sites** under **Block fingerprinting**

@@ -105,7 +71,7 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default

 <div class="annotate" markdown>

- [x] Select **Disable non-proxied UDP** under [WebRTC IP handling policy](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360017989132-How-do-I-change-my-Privacy-Settings-#webrtc)
+- [x] Select **Disable non-proxied UDP** under [WebRTC IP Handling Policy](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360017989132-How-do-I-change-my-Privacy-Settings-#webrtc)
 - [ ] Uncheck **Allow sites to check if you have payment methods saved**
 - [ ] Uncheck **IPFS Gateway** (1)
 - [x] Select **Close tabs on exit**
@@ -113,10 +79,10 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
 - [ ] Uncheck **Automatically send diagnostic reports**
 - [ ] Uncheck **Automatically send daily usage ping to Brave**

-</div>
-
 1. InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed filesystem. Unless you use the feature, disable it.

+</div>
+
 #### Brave Sync

 [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.
@@ -131,7 +97,7 @@ On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.

    ![Safari logo](assets/img/browsers/safari.svg){ align=right }

-    **Safari** is the default browser in iOS. It includes [privacy features](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-privately-iphb01fc3c85/15.0/ios/15.0) such as [Intelligent Tracking Prevention](https://webkit.org/blog/7675/intelligent-tracking-prevention/), Privacy Report, isolated and ephemeral Private Browsing tabs, iCloud Private Relay, and fingerprinting reduction by presenting a simplified version of the system configuration to websites so more devices look identical.
+    **Safari** is the default browser in iOS. It includes [privacy features](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-privately-iphb01fc3c85/15.0/ios/15.0) such as Intelligent Tracking Protection, Privacy Report, isolated Private Browsing tabs, iCloud Private Relay, and automatic HTTPS upgrades.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.apple.com/safari/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/data/en/safari/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
@@ -175,7 +141,7 @@ Do note that Private Browsing does not save cookies and website data, so it won'

 Synchronization of Safari History, Tab Groups, iCloud Tabs and saved passwords are E2EE. However, by default, bookmarks are [not](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202303). Apple can decrypt and access them in accordance with their [privacy policy](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/en-ww/).

-You can enable E2EE for your Safari bookmarks and downloads by enabling [Advanced Data Protection](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212520). Go to your **Apple ID name → iCloud → Advanced Data Protection**.
+You can enable E2EE for you Safari bookmarks and downloads by enabling [Advanced Data Protection](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212520). Go to your **Apple ID name → iCloud → Advanced Data Protection**.

 - [x] Turn On **Advanced Data Protection**

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Multi-Factor Authenticators"
 icon: 'material/two-factor-authentication'
 description: These tools assist you with securing your internet accounts with Multi-Factor Authentication without sending your secrets to a third-party.
-cover: multi-factor-authentication.png
 ---
 ## Hardware Security Keys

@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ For the models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 3 slots for HOTP and 15 fo

 !!! warning

-    While Nitrokeys do not release the HOTP/TOTP secrets to the device they are plugged into, the HOTP and TOTP storage is **not** encrypted and is vulnerable to physical attacks. If you are looking to store HOTP or TOTP secrets, we highly recommend that you use a YubiKey instead.
+    While Nitrokeys do not release the HOTP/TOTP secrets to the device they are plugged into, the HOTP and TOTP storage is **not** encrypted and is vulnerable to physical attacks. If you are looking to store HOTP or TOTP these secrets, we highly recommend that you use a Yubikey instead.

 !!! warning

@@ -108,6 +107,23 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.beemdevelopment.aegis)
        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/beemdevelopment/Aegis/releases)

+### Raivo OTP (iOS)
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Raivo OTP logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/raivo-otp.png){ align=right }
+
+    **Raivo OTP** is a native, lightweight and secure time-based (TOTP) & counter-based (HOTP) password client for iOS. Raivo OTP offers optional iCloud backup & sync. Raivo OTP is also available for macOS in the form of a status bar application, however the Mac app does not work independently of the iOS app.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://raivo-otp.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://raivo-otp.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/raivo-otp/ios-application){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://raivo-otp.com/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/raivo-otp/id1459042137)
+
 ### Criteria

 **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
@@ -116,7 +132,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative

    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.

- Source code must be publicly available.
+- Must be open-source software.
 - Must not require internet connectivity.
 - Must not sync to a third-party cloud sync/backup service.
    - **Optional** E2EE sync support with OS-native tools is acceptable, e.g. encrypted sync via iCloud.
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "News Aggregators"
 icon: material/rss
 description: These news aggregator clients let you keep up with your favorite blogs and news sites using internet standards like RSS.
-cover: news-aggregators.png
 ---

 A [news aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator) is a way to keep up with your favorite blogs and news sites.
@@ -99,10 +98,10 @@ A [news aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator) is a way to k

    ![NetNewsWire logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/netnewswire.png){ align=right }

-    **NetNewsWire** a free and open-source feed reader for macOS and iOS with a focus on a native design and feature set. It supports the typical feed formats alongside built-in support for Reddit feeds.
+    **NetNewsWire** a free and open-source feed reader for macOS and iOS with a focus on a native design and feature set. It supports the typical feed formats alongside built-in support for Twitter and Reddit feeds.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://netnewswire.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://netnewswire.com/privacypolicy.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://netnewswire.com/privacypolicy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://netnewswire.com/help/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Ranchero-Software/NetNewsWire){ .card-link title="Source Code" }

@@ -167,8 +166,7 @@ You can subscribe YouTube channels without logging in and associating usage info

 !!! example

-    To subscribe to a YouTube channel with an RSS client, first look for its [channel code](https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6180214). The channel code can be found on the about page of the YouTube channel you wish to subscribe to, under: **About** > **Share** > **Copy channel ID**. Replace `[CHANNEL ID]` below:
-
+    To subscribe to a YouTube channel with an RSS client, first look for your [channel code](https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6180214), replace `[CHANNEL ID]` below:
    ```text
    https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=[CHANNEL ID]
    ```
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Notebooks"
 icon: material/notebook-edit-outline
 description: These encrypted note-taking apps let you keep track of your notes without giving them to a third-party.
-cover: notebooks.png
 ---

 Keep track of your notes and journalings without giving them to a third-party.
@@ -11,57 +10,6 @@ If you are currently using an application like Evernote, Google Keep, or Microso

 ## Cloud-based

-### Standard Notes
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Standard Notes logo](assets/img/notebooks/standard-notes.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Standard Notes** is a simple and private notes app that makes your notes easy and available everywhere you are. It features E2EE on every platform, and a powerful desktop experience with themes and custom editors. It has also been [independently audited](https://standardnotes.com/help/2/has-standard-notes-completed-a-third-party-security-audit).
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://standardnotes.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://standardnotes.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://standardnotes.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/standardnotes){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://standardnotes.com/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.standardnotes)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1285392450)
-        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/standardnotes/app/releases)
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://standardnotes.com)
-        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://standardnotes.com)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://standardnotes.com)
-        - [:octicons-globe-16: Web](https://app.standardnotes.com/)
-
-### Notesnook
-
-!!! recommendation
-
-    ![Notesnook logo](assets/img/notebooks/notesnook.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Notesnook** is a free (as in speech) & open-source note-taking app focused on user privacy & ease of use. It features end-to-end encryption on all platforms with a powerful sync to take your notes on the go. You can easily import your notes from Evernote, OneNote & a lot of other apps using their [official importer](https://importer.notesnook.com/).
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://notesnook.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://notesnook.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://help.notesnook.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/streetwriters/notesnook){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/streetwriters/notesnook/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.streetwriters.notesnook)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/notesnook-take-private-notes/id1544027013)
-        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/streetwriters/notesnook/releases)
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://notesnook.com/downloads)
-        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://notesnook.com/downloads)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://notesnook.com/downloads)
-        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://notesnook.com/notesnook-web-clipper/)
-        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/notesnook-web-clipper/kljhpemdlcnjohmfmkogahelkcidieaj)
-
-Notesnook does not support password/PIN protection on the web & desktop apps. However, you can still lock individual notes, and your data is always encrypted in transit and on your device using your master key.
-
 ### Joplin

 !!! recommendation
@@ -90,6 +38,30 @@ Notesnook does not support password/PIN protection on the web & desktop apps. Ho
 Joplin does not support password/PIN protection for the [application itself or individual notes and notebooks](https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/289). However, your data is still encrypted in transit and at the sync location using your master key.
 Since January 2023, Joplin supports biometrics app lock for [Android](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_android/#android-v2-10-3-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-android-v2-10-3-pre-release-2023-01-05t11-29-06z) and [iOS](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_ios/#ios-v12-10-2-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-ios-v12-10-2-2023-01-20t17-41-13z).

+### Standard Notes
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Standard Notes logo](assets/img/notebooks/standard-notes.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Standard Notes** is a simple and private notes app that makes your notes easy and available everywhere you are. It features E2EE on every platform, and a powerful desktop experience with themes and custom editors. It has also been [independently audited (PDF)](https://s3.amazonaws.com/standard-notes/security/Report-SN-Audit.pdf).
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://standardnotes.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://standardnotes.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://standardnotes.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/standardnotes){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://standardnotes.com/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.standardnotes)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1285392450)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/standardnotes/app/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://standardnotes.com)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://standardnotes.com)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://standardnotes.com)
+        - [:octicons-globe-16: Web](https://app.standardnotes.com/)
+
 ### Cryptee

 !!! recommendation
@@ -105,7 +77,7 @@ Since January 2023, Joplin supports biometrics app lock for [Android](https://jo
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/cryptee){ .card-link title="Source Code" }

    ??? downloads
-
+    
        - [:octicons-globe-16: PWA](https://crypt.ee/download)

 Cryptee offers 100MB of storage for free, with paid options if you need more. Sign-up doesn't require an e-mail or other personally identifiable information.
@@ -118,7 +90,7 @@ Cryptee offers 100MB of storage for free, with paid options if you need more. Si

    ![Org-mode logo](assets/img/notebooks/org-mode.svg){ align=right }

-    **Org-mode** is a [major mode](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Major-Modes.html) for GNU Emacs. Org-mode is for keeping notes, maintaining to-do lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system. Synchronization is possible with [file synchronization](file-sharing.md#file-sync) tools.
+    **Org-mode** is a [major mode](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Major-Modes.html) for GNU Emacs. Org-mode is for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system. Synchronization is possible with [file synchronization](file-sharing.md#file-sync) tools.

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://orgmode.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://orgmode.org/manuals.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
@@ -3,13 +3,9 @@ title: Android Overview
 icon: simple/android
 description: Android is an open-source operating system with strong security protections, which makes it our top choice for phones.
 ---
-![Android logo](../assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }
+Android is a secure operating system that has strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.

-The **Android Open Source Project** is a secure mobile operating system featuring strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.
-
-## Our Advice
-
-### Choosing an Android Distribution
+## Choosing an Android Distribution

 When you buy an Android phone, the device's default operating system often comes with invasive integration with apps and services that are not part of the [Android Open-Source Project](https://source.android.com/). An example of such is Google Play Services, which has irrevocable privileges to access your files, contacts storage, call logs, SMS messages, location, camera, microphone, hardware identifiers, and so on. These apps and services increase the attack surface of your device and are the source of various privacy concerns with Android.

@@ -19,7 +15,7 @@ Ideally, when choosing a custom Android distribution, you should make sure that

 [Our Android System Recommendations :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md){ .md-button }

-### Avoid Rooting
+## Avoid Rooting

 [Rooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_(Android)) Android phones can decrease security significantly as it weakens the complete [Android security model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)#Security_and_privacy). This can decrease privacy should there be an exploit that is assisted by the decreased security. Common rooting methods involve directly tampering with the boot partition, making it impossible to perform successful Verified Boot. Apps that require root will also modify the system partition meaning that Verified Boot would have to remain disabled. Having root exposed directly in the user interface also increases the [attack surface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_surface) of your device and may assist in [privilege escalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation) vulnerabilities and SELinux policy bypasses.

@@ -29,21 +25,7 @@ AFWall+ works based on the [packet filtering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire

 We do not believe that the security sacrifices made by rooting a phone are worth the questionable privacy benefits of those apps.

-### Install Updates
-
-It's important to not use an [end-of-life](https://endoflife.date/android) version of Android. Newer versions of Android not only receive security updates for the operating system but also important privacy enhancing updates too.
-
-For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes) any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), or your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity); whereas now they must be system apps to do so. System apps are only provided by the OEM or Android distribution.
-
-### Sharing Media
-
-You can avoid giving many apps permission to access your media with Android's built-in sharing features. Many applications allow you to "share" a file with them for media upload.
-
-For example, if you want to post a picture to Discord you can open your file manager or gallery and share that picture with the Discord app, instead of granting Discord full access to your media and photos.
-
-## Security Protections
-
-### Verified Boot
+## Verified Boot

 [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) is an important part of the Android security model. It provides protection against [evil maid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack) attacks, malware persistence, and ensures security updates cannot be downgraded with [rollback protection](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection).

@@ -55,7 +37,7 @@ Unfortunately, OEMs are only obliged to support Verified Boot on their stock And

 Many OEMs also have broken implementation of Verified Boot that you have to be aware of beyond their marketing. For example, the Fairphone 3 and 4 are not secure by default, as the [stock bootloader trusts the public AVB signing key](https://forum.fairphone.com/t/bootloader-avb-keys-used-in-roms-for-fairphone-3-4/83448/11). This breaks verified boot on a stock Fairphone device, as the system will boot alternative Android operating systems such (such as /e/) [without any warning](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/boot-flow#locked-devices-with-custom-root-of-trust) about custom operating system usage.

-### Firmware Updates
+## Firmware Updates

 Firmware updates are critical for maintaining security and without them your device cannot be secure. OEMs have support agreements with their partners to provide the closed-source components for a limited support period. These are detailed in the monthly [Android Security Bulletins](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin).

@@ -65,7 +47,11 @@ EOL devices which are no longer supported by the SoC manufacturer cannot receive

 Fairphone, for example, markets their devices as receiving 6 years of support. However, the SoC (Qualcomm Snapdragon 750G on the Fairphone 4) has a considerably shorter EOL date. This means that firmware security updates from Qualcomm for the Fairphone 4 will end in September 2023, regardless of whether Fairphone continues to release software security updates.

-### Android Permissions
+## Android Versions
+
+It's important to not use an [end-of-life](https://endoflife.date/android) version of Android. Newer versions of Android not only receive security updates for the operating system but also important privacy enhancing updates too. For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes), any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity), whereas now they must be system apps to do so. System apps are only provided by the OEM or Android distribution.
+
+## Android Permissions

 [Permissions on Android](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) grant you control over what apps are allowed to access. Google regularly makes [improvements](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions) on the permission system in each successive version. All apps you install are strictly [sandboxed](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), therefore, there is no need to install any antivirus apps.

@@ -106,33 +92,35 @@ An app may request a permission for a specific feature it has. For example, any

    Privacy-friendly apps such as [Bitwarden](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.x8bit.bitwarden/latest/) may show some trackers such as [Google Firebase Analytics](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/trackers/49/). This library includes [Firebase Cloud Messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging) which can provide [push notifications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology) in apps. This [is the case](https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden/109636825700482007) with Bitwarden. That doesn't mean that Bitwarden is using all of the analytics features that are provided by Google Firebase Analytics.

-## Privacy Features
+## Media Access

-### User Profiles
+Quite a few applications allows you to "share" a file with them for media upload. If you want to, for example, tweet a picture to Twitter, do not grant Twitter access to your "media and photos", because it will have access to all of your pictures then. Instead, go to your file manager (documentsUI), hold onto the picture, then share it with Twitter.
+
+## User Profiles

 Multiple user profiles can be found in **Settings** → **System** → **Multiple users** and are the simplest way to isolate in Android.

 With user profiles, you can impose restrictions on a specific profile, such as: making calls, using SMS, or installing apps on the device. Each profile is encrypted using its own encryption key and cannot access the data of any other profiles. Even the device owner cannot view the data of other profiles without knowing their password. Multiple user profiles are a more secure method of isolation.

-### Work Profile
+## Work Profile

 [Work Profiles](https://support.google.com/work/android/answer/6191949) are another way to isolate individual apps and may be more convenient than separate user profiles.

-A **device controller** app such as [Shelter](../android.md#shelter) is required to create a Work Profile without an enterprise MDM, unless you're using a custom Android OS which includes one.
+A **device controller** app such as [Shelter](#recommended-apps) is required to create a Work Profile without an enterprise MDM, unless you're using a custom Android OS which includes one.

 The work profile is dependent on a device controller to function. Features such as *File Shuttle* and *contact search blocking* or any kind of isolation features must be implemented by the controller. You must also fully trust the device controller app, as it has full access to your data inside of the work profile.

 This method is generally less secure than a secondary user profile; however, it does allow you the convenience of running apps in both the work and personal profiles simultaneously.

-### VPN Killswitch
+## VPN Killswitch

 Android 7 and above supports a VPN killswitch and it is available without the need to install third-party apps. This feature can prevent leaks if the VPN is disconnected. It can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Network & internet** → **VPN** → :gear: → **Block connections without VPN**.

-### Global Toggles
+## Global Toggles

 Modern Android devices have global toggles for disabling Bluetooth and location services. Android 12 introduced toggles for the camera and microphone. When not in use, we recommend disabling these features. Apps cannot use disabled features (even if granted individual permission) until re-enabled.

-## Google Services
+## Google

 If you are using a device with Google services, either your stock operating system or an operating system that safely sandboxes Google Play Services like GrapheneOS, there are a number of additional changes you can make to improve your privacy. We still recommend avoiding Google services entirely, or limiting Google Play services to a specific user/work profile by combining a device controller like *Shelter* with GrapheneOS's Sandboxed Google Play.

@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
---
-title: iOS Overview
-icon: simple/apple
-description: iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for the iPhone.
---
-**iOS** and **iPadOS** are proprietary mobile operating systems developed by Apple for their iPhone and iPad products, respectively. If you have an Apple mobile device, you can increase your privacy by disabling some built-in telemetry features, and hardening some privacy and security settings which are built in to the system.
-
-## Privacy Notes
-
-iOS devices are frequently praised by security experts for their robust data protection and adherence to modern best-practices. However, the restrictiveness of Apple's ecosystem—particularly with their mobile devices—does still hamper privacy in a number of ways.
-
-We generally consider iOS to provide better than average privacy and security protections for most people, compared to stock Android devices from any manufacturer. However, you can achieve even higher standards of privacy with a [custom Android operating system](../android.md) like GrapheneOS, if you want or need to be completely independent of Apple or Google's cloud services.
-
-### Activation Lock
-
-All iOS devices must be checked against Apple's Activation Lock servers when they are initially set up or reset, meaning an internet connection is **required** to use an iOS device.
-
-### Mandatory App Store
-
-The only source for apps on iOS is Apple's App Store, which requires an Apple ID to access. This means that Apple has a record of every app you install on your device, and can likely tie that information to your actual identity if you provide the App Store with a payment method.
-
-### Invasive Telemetry
-
-Apple has historically had problems with properly anonymizing their telemetry on iOS. [In 2019](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/26/apple-contractors-regularly-hear-confidential-details-on-siri-recordings), Apple was found to transmit Siri recordings—some containing highly confidential information—to their servers for manual review by third-party contractors. While they temporarily stopped that program after that practice was [widely reported on](https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/23/20830120/apple-contractors-siri-recordings-listening-1000-a-day-globetech-microsoft-cortana), the problem wasn't completely resolved [until 2021](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/07/apple-overhauls-siri-to-address-privacy-concerns-and-improve-performance).
-
-More recently, Apple has been found to [transmit analytics even when analytics sharing is disabled](https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558) on iOS, and this data [appears](https://twitter.com/mysk_co/status/1594515229915979776) to be easily linked to unique iCloud account identifiers despite supposedly being anonymous. Apple has not fixed [these problems](https://gizmodo.com/clarence-thomas-aide-venmo-laywers-supreme-court-1850631585) as of July 2023.
-
-## Recommended Configuration
-
-### iCloud
-
-The majority of privacy and security concerns with Apple products are related to their cloud services, not their hardware or software. When you use Apple services like iCloud, most of your information is stored on their servers and secured with keys which Apple has access to by default. You can check [Apple's documentation](https://support.apple.com/HT202303) for information on which services are end-to-end encrypted. Anything listed as "in transit" or "on server" means it's possible for Apple to access that data without your permission. This level of access has occasionally been abused by law enforcement to get around the fact that your data is otherwise securely encrypted on your device, and of course Apple is vulnerable to data breaches like any other company.
-
-Therefore, if you do use iCloud you should [enable **Advanced Data Protection**](https://support.apple.com/HT212520). This encrypts nearly all of your iCloud data with keys stored on your devices (end-to-end encryption), rather than Apple's servers, so that your iCloud data is secured in the event of a data breach, and otherwise hidden from Apple.
-
-The encryption used by Advanced Data Protection, while strong, [is not *quite* as robust](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/apple-advances-user-security-with-powerful-new-data-protections/10778/4) as the encryption offered by other [cloud services](../cloud.md), particularly when it comes to iCloud Drive. While we strongly encourage using Advanced Data Protection if you use iCloud, we would also suggest considering finding an alternative to iCloud from a more [privacy-focused service provider](../tools.md), although it is unlikely most people would be impacted by these encryption quirks.
-
-You can also protect your data by limiting what you sync to iCloud in the first place. At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to iCloud. Select that, then **iCloud**, and turn off the switches for any services you don't want to sync to iCloud. You may see third-party apps listed under **Show All** if they sync to iCloud, which you can disable here.
-
-#### iCloud+
-
-A paid **iCloud+** subscription (with any iCloud storage plan) comes with some privacy-protecting functionality. While these may provide adequate service for current iCloud customers, we wouldn't recommend purchasing an iCloud+ plan over a [VPN](../vpn.md) and [standalone email aliasing service](../email.md#email-aliasing-services) just for these features alone.
-
-**Private Relay** is a proxy service which relays your Safari traffic through two servers: one owned by Apple and one owned by a third-party provider (including Akamai, Cloudflare, and Fastly). In theory this should prevent any single provider in the chain—including Apple—from having full visibility into which websites you visit while connected. Unlike a full VPN, Private Relay does not protect traffic from your apps outside of Safari.
-
-**Hide My Email** is Apple's email aliasing service. You can create an email aliases for free when you *Sign In With Apple* on a website or app, or generate unlimited aliases on demand with a paid iCloud+ plan. Hide My Email has the advantage of using the `@icloud.com` domain for its aliases, which may be less likely to be blocked compared to other email aliasing services, but does not offer functionality offered by standalone services such as automatic PGP encryption or multiple mailbox support.
-
-#### Media & Purchases
-
-At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to an Apple ID. Select that, then select **Media & Purchases** > **View Account**.
-
- [ ] Turn off **Personalized Recommendations**
-
-#### Find My
-
-**Find My** is a service that lets you track your Apple devices and share your location with your friends and family. It also allows you to wipe your device remotely in case it is stolen, preventing a thief from accessing your data. Your Find My [location data is E2EE](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/data/en/find-my/) when:
-
- Your location is shared with a family member or friend, and you both use iOS 15 or greater.
- Your device is offline and is located by the Find My Network.
-
-Your location data is not E2EE when your device is online and you use Find My iPhone remotely to locate your device. You will have to make the decision whether these trade-offs are worth the anti-theft benefits of Activation Lock.
-
-At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to an Apple ID. Select that, then select **Find My**. Here you can choose whether to enable or disable Find My location features.
-
-### Settings
-
-Many other privacy-related settings can be found in the **Settings** app.
-
-#### Airplane Mode
-
-Enabling **Airplane Mode** stops your phone from contacting cell towers. You will still be able to connect to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, so whenever you are connected to Wi-Fi you can turn this setting on.
-
-#### Wi-Fi
-
-You can enable hardware address randomization to protect you from tracking across Wi-Fi networks. On the network you are currently connected to, press the :material-information: button:
-
- [x] Turn on **Private Wi-Fi Address**
-
-You also have the option to **Limit IP Address Tracking**. This is similar to iCloud Private Relay but only affects connections to "known trackers." Because it only affects connections to potentially malicious servers, this setting is probably fine to leave enabled, but if you don't want *any* traffic to be routed through Apple's servers, you should turn it off.
-
-#### Bluetooth
-
-**Bluetooth** should be disabled when you aren't using it as it increases your attack surface. Disabling Bluetooth (or Wi-Fi) via the Control Center only disables it temporarily: you must switch it off in Settings for disabling it to remain effective.
-
- [ ] Turn off **Bluetooth**
-
-#### General
-
-Your iPhone's device name will by default contain your first name, and this will be visible to anyone on networks you connect to. You should change this to something more generic, like "iPhone." Select **About** > **Name** and enter the device name you prefer.
-
-It is important to install **Software Updates** frequently to get the latest security fixes. You can enable **Automatic Updates** to keep your phone up-to-date without needing to constantly check for updates. Select **Software Update** > **Automatic Updates**:
-
- [x] Turn on **Download iOS Updates**
- [x] Turn on **Install iOS Updates**
- [x] Turn on **Security Responses & System Files**
-
-**AirDrop** allows you to easily transfer files, but it can allow strangers to send you files you do not want.
-
- [x] Select **AirDrop** > **Receiving Off**
-
-**AirPlay** lets you seamlessly stream content from your iPhone to a TV; however, you might not always want this. Select **AirPlay & Handoff** > **Automatically AirPlay to TVs**:
-
- [x] Select **Never** or **Ask**
-
-**Background App Refresh** allows your apps to refresh their content while you're not using them. This may cause them to make unwanted connections. Turning this off can also save battery life, but it may affect an app's ability to receive updated information, particularly weather and messaging apps.
-
-Select **Background App Refresh** and switch off any apps you don't want to continue refreshing in the background. If you don't want any apps to refresh in the background, you can select **Background App Refresh** again and turn it **Off**.
-
-#### Siri & Search
-
-If you don't want anyone to be able to control your phone with Siri when it is locked, you can turn that off here.
-
- [ ] Turn off **Allow Siri When Locked**
-
-#### Face ID/Touch ID & Passcode
-
-Setting a strong password on your phone is the most important step you can take for physical device security. You'll have to make tradeoffs here between security and convenience: A longer password will be annoying to type in every time, but a shorter password or PIN will be easier to guess. Setting up Face ID or Touch ID along with a strong password can be a good compromise between usability and security.
-
-Select **Turn Passcode On** or **Change Passcode** > **Passcode Options** > **Custom Alphanumeric Code**. Make sure that you create a [secure password](https://www.privacyguides.org/basics/passwords-overview/).
-
-If you wish to use Face ID or Touch ID, you can go ahead and set it up now. Your phone will use the password you set up earlier as a fallback in case your biometric verification fails. Biometric unlock methods are primarily a convenience, although they do stop surveillance cameras or people over your shoulder from watching you input your passcode.
-
-If you use biometrics, you should know how to turn them off quickly in an emergency. Holding down the side or power button and *either* volume button until you see the Slide to Power Off slider will disable biometrics, requiring your passcode to unlock. Your passcode will also be required after device restarts.
-
-On some older devices, you may have to press the power button five times to disable biometrics instead, or for devices with Touch ID you may just have to hold down the power button and nothing else. Make sure you try this in advance so you know which method works for your device.
-
-**Allow Access When Locked** gives you options for what you can allow when your phone is locked. The more of these options you disable, the less someone without your password can do, but the less convenient it will be for you. Pick and choose which of these you don't want someone to have access to if they get their hands on your phone.
-
- [ ] Turn off **Today View and Search**
- [ ] Turn off **Notification Center**
- [ ] Turn off **Control Center**
- [ ] Turn off **Lock Screen Widgets**
- [ ] Turn off **Siri**
- [ ] Turn off **Reply with Message**
- [ ] Turn off **Home Control**
- [ ] Turn off **Wallet**
- [ ] Turn off **Return Missed Calls**
- [ ] Turn off **USB Accessories**
-
-iPhones are already resistant to brute-force attacks by making you wait long periods of time after multiple failed attempts; however, there have historically been exploits to get around this. To be extra safe, you can set your phone to wipe itself after 10 failed passcode attempts.
-
-!!! warning
-
-    With this setting enabled, someone could intentionally wipe your phone by entering the wrong password many times. Make sure you have proper backups and only enable this setting if you feel comfortable with it.
-
- [x] Turn on **Erase Data**
-
-#### Privacy
-
-**Location Services** allows you to use features like Find My and Maps. If you don't need these features, you can disable Location Services. Alternatively, you can review and pick which apps can use your location here. Select **Location Services**:
-
- [ ] Turn off **Location Services**
-
-You can decide to allow apps to request to **track** you here. Disabling this disallows all apps from tracking you with your phone's advertising ID. Select **Tracking**:
-
- [ ] Turn off **Allow Apps to Request to Track**
-
-You should turn off **Research Sensor & Usage Data** if you don't wish to participate in studies. Select **Research Sensor & Usage Data**:
-
- [ ] Turn off **Sensor & Usage Data Collection**
-
-**Safety Check** allows you to quickly view and revoke certain people and apps that might have permission to access your data. Here you can perform an **Emergency Reset**, immediately resetting permissions for all people and apps which might have access to device resources, and you can **Manage Sharing & Access** which allows you to go through and customize who and what has access to your device and account resources.
-
-You should disable analytics if you don't wish to send Apple usage data. Select **Analytics & Improvements**:
-
- [ ] Turn off **Share iPhone Analytics** or **Share iPhone & Watch Analytics**
- [ ] Turn off **Share iCloud Analytics**
- [ ] Turn off **Improve Fitness+**
- [ ] Turn off **Improve Safety**
- [ ] Turn off **Improve Siri & Dictation**
-
-Disable **Personalized Ads** if you don't want targeted ads. Select **Apple Advertising**
-
- [ ] Turn off **Personalized Ads**
-
-**App Privacy Report** is a built-in tool that allows you to see which permissions your apps are using. Select **App Privacy Report**:
-
- [x] Select **Turn On App Privacy Report**
-
-[Lockdown Mode](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/27/macos-ventura-privacy-security-updates/#lockdown-mode) is a security setting you can enable to make your phone more resistant to attacks. Be aware that certain apps and features [won't work](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212650) as they do normally.
-
- [x] Select **Turn On Lockdown Mode**
-
-## Additional Advice
-
-### E2EE Calls
-
-Normal phone calls made with the Phone app through your carrier are not E2EE. Both FaceTime Video and FaceTime Audio calls are E2EE, or you can use [another app](../real-time-communication.md) like Signal.
-
-### Avoid Jailbreaking
-
-Jailbreaking an iPhone undermines its security and makes you vulnerable. Running untrusted, third-party software could cause your device to be infected with malware.
-
-### Encrypted iMessage
-
-The color of the message bubble in the Messages app indicates whether your messages are E2EE or not. A blue bubble indicates that you're using iMessage with E2EE, while a green bubble indicates they're using the outdated SMS and MMS protocols. Currently, the only way to get E2EE in Messages is for both parties to be using iMessage on Apple devices.
-
-If either you or your messaging partner have iCloud Backup enabled without Advanced Data Protection, the encryption key will be stored on Apple's servers, meaning they can access your messages. Additionally, iMessage's key exchange is not as secure as alternative implementations, like Signal (which allows you to view the recipients key and verify by QR code), so it shouldn't be relied on for particularly sensitive communications.
-
-### Blacking Out Faces/Information
-
-If you need to hide information in a photo, you can use Apple's built-in tools to do so. Open the photo you want to edit, press edit in the top right corner of the screen, then press the markup symbol at the top right. Press the plus at the bottom right of the screen, then press the rectangle icon. Now, you can place a rectangle anywhere on the image. Make sure to press the shape icon at the bottom left and select the filled-in rectangle. **Don't** use the highlighter to obfuscate information, because its opacity is not quite 100%.
-
-### iOS Betas
-
-Apple always makes beta versions of iOS available early for those that wish to help find and report bugs. We don't recommend installing beta software on your phone. Beta releases are potentially unstable and could have undiscovered security vulnerabilities.
-
-## Security Highlights
-
-### Before First Unlock
-
-If your threat model includes forensic tools and you want to minimize the chance of exploits being used to access your phone, you should restart your device frequently. The state *after* a reboot but *before* unlocking your device is referred to as "Before First Unlock" (BFU), and when your device is in that state it makes it [significantly more difficult](https://belkasoft.com/checkm8_glossary) for forensic tools to exploit vulnerabilities to access your data. This BFU state allows you to receive notifications for calls, texts, and alarms, but most of the data on your device is still encrypted and inaccessible. This can be impractical, so consider whether these trade-offs make sense for your situation.
@@ -3,45 +3,33 @@ title: Linux Overview
 icon: simple/linux
 description: Linux is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative, but not all distribitions are created equal.
 ---
-**Linux** is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative. In the face of pervasive telemetry and other privacy-encroaching technologies in mainstream operating systems, Linux desktop has remained the clear choice for people looking for total control over their computers from the ground up.
+It is often believed that [open-source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software) software is inherently secure because the source code is available. There is an expectation that community verification occurs regularly; however, this isn’t always [the case](https://seirdy.one/posts/2022/02/02/floss-security/). It does depend on a number of factors, such as project activity, developer experience, level of rigor applied to [code reviews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review), and how often attention is given to specific parts of the [codebase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebase) that may go untouched for years.

-Our website generally uses the term “Linux” to describe **desktop** Linux distributions. Other operating systems which also use the Linux kernel such as ChromeOS, Android, and Qubes OS are not discussed on this page.
+At the moment, desktop Linux does have some areas that could be better improved when compared to their proprietary counterparts, e.g.:

-[Our Linux Recommendations :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md){ .md-button }
+- A verified boot chain, like Apple’s [Secure Boot](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/startup-security-utility-secc7b34e5b5/web) (with [Secure Enclave](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secure-enclave-sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1)), Android’s [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), ChromeOS' [Verified boot](https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/chromiumos-design-docs/security-overview/#verified-boot), or Microsoft Windows’s [boot process](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process) with [TPM](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm). These features and hardware technologies can all help prevent persistent tampering by malware or [evil maid attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_Maid_attack)
+- A strong sandboxing solution such as that found in [macOS](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/AppSandboxDesignGuide/AboutAppSandbox/AboutAppSandbox.html), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/HEAD/sandboxing.md), and [Android](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox). Commonly used Linux sandboxing solutions such as [Flatpak](https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/sandbox-permissions.html) and [Firejail](https://firejail.wordpress.com/) still have a long way to go
+- Strong [exploit mitigations](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/linux.html#exploit-mitigations)

-## Privacy Notes
-
-There are some notable privacy concerns with Linux which you should be aware of. Despite these drawbacks, desktop Linux distributions are still great for most people who want to:
+Despite these drawbacks, desktop Linux distributions are great if you want to:

 - Avoid telemetry that often comes with proprietary operating systems
 - Maintain [software freedom](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms)
- Use privacy focused systems such as [Whonix](https://www.whonix.org) or [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/)
+- Have privacy focused systems such as [Whonix](https://www.whonix.org) or [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/)

-### Open Source Security
+Our website generally uses the term “Linux” to describe desktop Linux distributions. Other operating systems which also use the Linux kernel such as ChromeOS, Android, and Qubes OS are not discussed here.

-It is a [common misconception](../basics/common-misconceptions.md#open-source-software-is-always-secure-or-proprietary-software-is-more-secure) that Linux and other open-source software is inherently secure simply because the source code is available. There is an expectation that community verification occurs regularly, but this isn’t always [the case](https://seirdy.one/posts/2022/02/02/floss-security/).
-
-In reality, distro security depends on a number of factors, such as project activity, developer experience, the level of rigor applied to code reviews, and how often attention is given to specific parts of the codebase that may go untouched for years.
-
-### Missing Security Features
-
-At the moment, desktop Linux [falls behind alternatives](https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/fedora-strategy-2028-proposal-fedora-linux-is-as-secure-as-macos/46899/9) like macOS or Android when it comes to certain security features. We hope to see improvements in these areas in the future.
-
- **Verified boot** on Linux is not as robust as alternatives such as Apple’s [Secure Boot](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secac71d5623/web) or Android’s [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot). Verified boot prevents persistent tampering by malware and [evil maid attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_Maid_attack), but is still largely [unavailable on even the most advanced distributions](https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/has-silverblue-achieved-verified-boot/27251/3).
-
- **Strong sandboxing** for apps on Linux is severely lacking, even with containerized apps like Flatpaks or sandboxing solutions like Firejail. Flatpak is the most promising sandboxing utility for Linux thus far, but is still deficient in many areas and allows for [unsafe defaults](https://flatkill.org/2020/) which allow most apps to trivially bypass their sandbox.
-
-Additionally, Linux falls behind in implementing [exploit mitigations](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/linux.html#exploit-mitigations) which are now standard on other operating systems, such as Arbitrary Code Guard on Windows or Hardened Runtime on macOS. Also, most Linux programs and Linux itself are coded in memory-unsafe languages. Memory corruption bugs are responsible for the [majority of vulnerabilities](https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2019/07/a-proactive-approach-to-more-secure-code/) fixed and assigned a CVE. While this is also true for Windows and macOS, they are quickly making progress on adopting memory-safe languages—such as Rust and Swift, respectively—while there is no similar effort to rewrite Linux in a memory-safe language like Rust.
+[Our Linux Recommendations :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md){ .md-button }

 ## Choosing your distribution

-Not all Linux distributions are created equal. Our [Linux recommendation page](../desktop.md) is not meant to be an authoritative source on which distribution you should use, but our recommendations *are* aligned with the following guidelines. These are a few things you should keep in mind when choosing a distribution:
+Not all Linux distributions are created equal. While our Linux recommendation page is not meant to be an authoritative source on which distribution you should use, there are a few things you should keep in mind when choosing which distribution to use.

 ### Release cycle

 We highly recommend that you choose distributions which stay close to the stable upstream software releases, often referred to as rolling release distributions. This is because frozen release cycle distributions often don’t update package versions and fall behind on security updates.

-For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE ID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.
+For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.

 We don’t believe holding packages back and applying interim patches is a good idea, as it diverges from the way the developer might have intended the software to work. [Richard Brown](https://rootco.de/aboutme/) has a presentation about this:

@@ -65,28 +53,28 @@ The Atomic update method is used for immutable distributions like Silverblue, Tu

 ### “Security-focused” distributions

-There is often some confusion between “security-focused” distributions and “pentesting” distributions. A quick search for “the most secure Linux distribution” will often give results like Kali Linux, Black Arch, or Parrot OS. These distributions are offensive penetration testing distributions that bundle tools for testing other systems. They don’t include any “extra security” or defensive mitigations intended for regular use.
+There is often some confusion between “security-focused” distributions and “pentesting” distributions. A quick search for “the most secure Linux distribution” will often give results like Kali Linux, Black Arch and Parrot OS. These distributions are offensive penetration testing distributions that bundle tools for testing other systems. They don’t include any “extra security” or defensive mitigations intended for regular use.

 ### Arch-based distributions

-Arch and Arch-based distributions are not recommended for those new to Linux (regardless of distribution) as they require regular [system maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance). Arch does not have a distribution update mechanism for the underlying software choices. As a result you have to stay aware with current trends and adopt technologies as they supersede older practices on your own.
+Arch based distributions are not recommended for those new to Linux, (regardless of distribution) as they require regular [system maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance). Arch does not have an distribution update mechanism for the underlying software choices. As a result you have to stay aware with current trends and adopt technologies as they supersede older practices on your own.

 For a secure system, you are also expected to have sufficient Linux knowledge to properly set up security for their system such as adopting a [mandatory access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control) system, setting up [kernel module](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Security) blacklists, hardening boot parameters, manipulating [sysctl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl) parameters, and knowing what components they need such as [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit).

-Anyone using the [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository) **must** be comfortable auditing PKGBUILDs that they download from that service. AUR packages are community-produced content and are not vetted in any way, and therefore are vulnerable to software supply chain attacks, which has in fact happened [in the past](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/).
+Anyone using the [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository), **must** be comfortable in auditing PKGBUILDs that they install from that service. AUR packages are community-produced content and are not vetted in any way, and therefore are vulnerable to software supply chain attacks, which has in fact happened [in the past](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/). AUR should always be used sparingly and often there is a lot of bad advice on various pages which direct people to blindly use [AUR helpers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) without sufficient warning. Similar warnings apply to use third-party Personal Package Archives (PPAs) on Debian based distributions or Community Projects (COPR) on Fedora.

-The AUR should always be used sparingly, and often there is a lot of bad advice on various pages which direct people to blindly use [AUR helpers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) without sufficient warning. Similar warnings apply to use third-party Personal Package Archives (PPAs) on Debian based distributions or Community Projects (COPR) on Fedora.
-
-If you are experienced with Linux and wish to use an Arch-based distribution, we generally recommend mainline Arch Linux over any of its derivatives.
-
-Additionally, we recommend **against** these two Arch derivatives specifically:
+If you are experienced with Linux and wish to use an Arch-based distribution, we only recommend mainline Arch Linux, not any of its derivatives. We recommend against these two Arch derivatives specifically:

 - **Manjaro**: This distribution holds packages back for 2 weeks to make sure that their own changes don’t break, not to make sure that upstream is stable. When AUR packages are used, they are often built against the latest [libraries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)) from Arch’s repositories.
 - **Garuda**: They use [Chaotic-AUR](https://aur.chaotic.cx/) which automatically and blindly compiles packages from the AUR. There is no verification process to make sure that the AUR packages don’t suffer from supply chain attacks.

+### Kicksecure
+
+While we strongly recommend against using outdated distributions like Debian, there is a Debian based operating system that has been hardened to be much more secure than typical Linux distributions: [Kicksecure](https://www.kicksecure.com/). Kicksecure, in oversimplified terms, is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. It covers a lot of privacy and hardening recommendations by default.
+
 ### Linux-libre kernel and “Libre” distributions

-We recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes security mitigations](https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) and [suppresses kernel warnings](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) about vulnerable microcode.
+We strongly recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes security mitigations](https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) and [suppresses kernel warnings](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) about vulnerable microcode for ideological reasons.

 ## General Recommendations

@@ -98,29 +86,27 @@ Most Linux distributions have an option within its installer for enabling [LUKS]

 ### Swap

-Consider using [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram#Using_zram-generator) instead of a traditional swap file or partition to avoid writing potentially sensitive memory data to persistent storage (and improve performance). Fedora-based distributions [use ZRAM by default](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).
-
-If you require suspend-to-disk (hibernation) functionality, you will still need to use a traditional swap file or partition. Make sure that any swap space you do have on a persistent storage device is [encrypted](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) at a minimum to mitigate some of these threats.
+Consider using [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Swap#zram-generator) or [encrypted swap](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) instead of unencrypted swap to avoid potential security issues with sensitive data being pushed to [swap space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging). Fedora based distributions [use ZRAM by default](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).

 ### Wayland

-We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol, as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147/). Its predecessor ([X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System)) does not support GUI isolation, which allows any window to [record, log, and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences, and are neither convenient to set up nor preferable over Wayland.
+We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147/). Its predecessor, [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System), does not support GUI isolation, allowing all windows to [record screen, log and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences and are not convenient to set up and are not preferable over Wayland.

-Fortunately, common environments such as [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org), [KDE](https://kde.org), and the window manager [Sway](https://swaywm.org) have support for Wayland. Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://www.phoronix.com/news/X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).
+Fortunately, common environments such as [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org), [KDE](https://kde.org), and the window manager [Sway](https://swaywm.org) have support for Wayland. Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).

 We recommend **against** using desktop environments or window managers that do not have Wayland support, such as Cinnamon (default on Linux Mint), Pantheon (default on Elementary OS), MATE, Xfce, and i3.

 ### Proprietary Firmware (Microcode Updates)

-Some Linux distributions (such as [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre)-based or DIY distros) don’t come with the proprietary [microcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode) updates which patch critical security vulnerabilities. Some notable examples of these vulnerabilities include [Spectre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)), [Meltdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)), [SSB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass), [Foreshadow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadow), [MDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling), [SWAPGS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAPGS_(security_vulnerability)), and other [hardware vulnerabilities](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html).
+Linux distributions such as those which are [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre) or DIY (Arch Linux) don’t come with the proprietary [microcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode) updates that often patch vulnerabilities. Some notable examples of these vulnerabilities include [Spectre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)), [Meltdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)), [SSB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass), [Foreshadow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadow), [MDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling), [SWAPGS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAPGS_(security_vulnerability)), and other [hardware vulnerabilities](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html).

-We **highly recommend** that you install microcode updates, as they contain important security patches for the CPU which can not be fully mitigated in software alone. Fedora and openSUSE both have the microcode updates applied by default.
+We **highly recommend** that you install the microcode updates, as your CPU is already running the proprietary microcode from the factory. Fedora and openSUSE both have the microcode updates applied by default.

 ### Updates

 Most Linux distributions will automatically install updates or remind you to do so. It is important to keep your OS up to date so that your software is patched when a vulnerability is found.

-Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more bare bones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.
+Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more barebones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.

 Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automatically. For that you will need to install [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd).

@@ -128,7 +114,7 @@ Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automaticall

 ### MAC Address Randomization

-Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings.
+Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc) will come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager), to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings.

 It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous.

@@ -136,7 +122,7 @@ We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as sugges

 If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=).

-MAC address randomization is primarily beneficial for Wi-Fi connections. For Ethernet connections, randomizing your MAC address provides little (if any) benefit, because a network administrator can trivially identify your device by other means (such as inspecting the port you are connected to on the network switch). Randomizing Wi-Fi MAC addresses depends on support from the Wi-Fi’s firmware.
+There isn’t many points in randomizing the MAC address for Ethernet connections as a system administrator can find you by looking at the port you are using on the [network switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch). Randomizing Wi-Fi MAC addresses depends on support from the Wi-Fi’s firmware.

 ### Other Identifiers

@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
---
-title: macOS Overview
-icon: material/apple-finder
-description: macOS is Apple's desktop operating system that works with their hardware to provide strong security.
---
-**macOS** is a Unix operating system developed by Apple for their Mac computers. To enhance privacy on macOS, you can disable telemetry features and harden existing privacy and security settings.
-
-Older Intel-based Macs and Hackintoshes do not support all the security features that macOS offers. To enhance data security, we recommend using a newer Mac with [Apple silicon](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211814).
-
-## Recommended Configuration
-
-Your account when you first set up your Mac will be an Administrator account, which has higher privileges than a Standard user account. macOS has a number of protections which prevent malware and other programs from abusing your Administrator privileges, so it is generally safe to use this account.
-
-However, exploits in protective utilities like `sudo` have been [discovered in the past](https://bogner.sh/2014/03/another-mac-os-x-sudo-password-bypass/). If you want to avoid the possibility that programs you run abuse your Administrator privileges, you could consider creating a second, Standard user account which you use for day-to-day operations. This has the added benefit of making it more obvious when an app needs admin access, because it will prompt you for credentials every time.
-
-If you do use a second account, it is not strictly required to ever log in to your original Administrator account from the macOS login screen. When you are doing something as a Standard user which requires Administrator permissions, the system should prompt you for authentication, where you can enter your Administrator credentials as your Standard user on a one-time basis. Apple provides [guidance](https://support.apple.com/HT203998) on hiding your Administrator account if you prefer to only see a single account on your login screen.
-
-### iCloud
-
-The majority of privacy and security concerns with Apple products are related to their *cloud services*, not their hardware or software. When you use Apple services like iCloud, most of your information is stored on their servers and secured with keys *which Apple has access to* by default. This level of access has occasionally been abused by law enforcement to get around the fact that your data is otherwise securely encrypted on your device, and of course Apple is vulnerable to data breaches like any other company.
-
-Therefore, if you use iCloud you should [enable **Advanced Data Protection**](https://support.apple.com/HT212520). This encrypts nearly all of your iCloud data with keys stored on your devices (end-to-end encryption), rather than Apple's servers, so that your iCloud data is secured in the event of a data breach, and otherwise hidden from Apple.
-
-### System Settings
-
-There are a number of built-in settings you should confirm or change to harden your system. Open the **Settings** app:
-
-#### Bluetooth
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Bluetooth** (unless you are currently using it)
-
-#### Network
-
-Depending on if you are using **Wi-Fi** or **Ethernet** (denoted by a green dot and the word "connected"), click on the corresponding icon.
-
-Click on the "Details" button by your network name:
-
- [x] Check **Limit IP address tracking**
-
-##### Firewall
-
-Your firewall blocks unwanted network connections. The stricter your firewall settings are, the more secure your Mac is. However, certain services will be blocked. You should configure your firewall to be as strict as you can without blocking services you use.
-
- [x] Check **Firewall**
-
-Click the **Options** button:
-
- [x] Check **Block all incoming connections**
-
-If this configuration is too strict, you can come back and uncheck this. However, macOS will typically prompt you to allow incoming connections for an app if the app requests it.
-
-#### General
-
-By default, your device name will be something like "[your name]'s iMac". Because this name is publicly broadcast on your network, you'll want to change your device name to something generic like "Mac".
-
-Click on **About** and type your desired device name into the **Name** field.
-
-##### Software Updates
-
-You should automatically install all available updates to make sure your Mac has the latest security fixes.
-
-Click the small :material-information-outline: icon next to **Automatic Updates**:
-
- [x] Check **Check for updates**
-
- [x] Check **Download new updates when available**
-
- [x] Check **Install macOS updates**
-
- [x] Check **Install application updates from the App Store**
-
- [x] Check **Install Security Responses and system files**
-
-#### Privacy & Security
-
-Whenever an application requests a permission, it will show up here. You can decide which applications you want to allow or deny specific permissions.
-
-##### Location Services
-
-You can individually allow location services per-app. If you don't need apps to use your location, turning off location services entirely is the most private option.
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Location Services**
-
-##### Analytics & Improvements
-
-Decide whether you want to share analytics data with Apple and developers.
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Share Mac Analytics**
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Improve Siri & Dictation**
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Share with app developers**
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Share iCloud Analytics** (visible if you are signed in to iCloud)
-
-##### Apple Advertising
-
-Decide whether you want personalized ads based on your usage.
-
- [ ] Uncheck **Personalized Ads**
-
-##### FileVault
-
-On modern devices with a Secure Enclave (Apple T2 Security Chip, Apple silicon), your data is always encrypted, but is decrypted automatically by a hardware key if your device doesn't detect it's been tampered with. Enabling FileVault additionally requires your password to decrypt your data, greatly improving security, especially when powered off or before the first login after powering on.
-
-On older Intel-based Mac computers, FileVault is the only form of disk encryption available by default, and should always be enabled.
-
- [x] Click **Turn On**
-
-##### Lockdown Mode
-
-[Lockdown Mode](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/27/macos-ventura-privacy-security-updates/#lockdown-mode) disables some features in order to improve security. Some apps or features won't work the same way they do when it's off, for example, [JIT](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/02/a-crash-course-in-just-in-time-jit-compilers/) and [WASM](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly) are disabled in Safari with Lockdown Mode enabled. We recommend enabling Lockdown Mode and seeing whether it significantly impacts your usage, many of the changes it makes are easy to live with.
-
- [x] Click **Turn On**
-
-## Security Protections
-
-macOS employs defense in depth by relying on multiple layers of software and hardware-based protections, with different properties. This ensures that a failure in one layer does not compromise the system's overall security.
-
-### Software Security
-
-!!! warning
-
-    macOS allows you to install beta updates. These are unstable and may come with extra telemetry since they're for testing purposes. Because of this, we recommend you avoid beta software in general.
-
-#### Signed System Volume
-
-macOS's system components are protected in a read-only signed system volume, meaning that neither you nor malware can alter important system files.
-
-The system volume is verified while it's running and any data that's not signed with a valid cryptographic signature from Apple will be rejected.
-
-#### System Integrity Protection
-
-macOS sets certain security restrictions that can't be overridden. These are called Mandatory Access Controls, and they form the basis of the sandbox, parental controls, and System Integrity Protection on macOS.
-
-System Integrity Protection makes critical file locations read-only to protect against modification from malicious code. This is on top of the hardware-based Kernel Integrity Protection that keeps the kernel from being modified in-memory.
-
-#### Application Security
-
-### App Revocation Checks
-
-macOS performs online OCSP checks using HTTPS encryption when you open an app to verify whether an app contains known malware, and whether the developer’s signing certificate is revoked.
-
-We recommend against blocking these checks.
-
-##### App Sandbox
-
-macOS apps downloaded from the App Store are required to use the [App Sandbox](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/app_sandbox). You should avoid non-App Store software as much as possible.
-
-##### Antivirus
-
-Protection against malware on your system is provided by *XProtect*, an antivirus program built-in to macOS.
-
-We recommend against installing third-party antivirus software as they typically do not have the system-level access required to properly function anyways, because of Apple's limitations on third-party apps, and because granting the high levels of access they do ask for often poses an even greater security and privacy risk to your computer.
-
-##### Backups
-
-macOS comes with automatic backup software called [Time Machine](https://support.apple.com/HT201250), so you can create encrypted backups to an external or network drive in the event of corrupted/deleted files.
-
-### Hardware Security
-
-Many modern security features in macOS—such as modern Secure Boot, hardware-level exploit mitigation, OS integrity checks, and file-based encryption—rely on Apple silicon, and Apple's newer hardware always has the [best security](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/apple-soc-security-sec87716a080/1/web/1). We only encourage the use of Apple silicon, and not older Intel-based Mac computers or Hackintoshes.
-
-Some of these modern security features are available on older Intel-based Mac computers with the Apple T2 Security Chip, but that chip is susceptible to the *checkm8* exploit which could compromise its security.
-
-If you use Bluetooth accessories such as a keyboard, we recommend that you use official Apple ones as their firmware will automatically be updated for you by macOS. Using third party accessories is fine, but you should remember to install firmware updates for them regularly.
-
-Apple's SoCs focus on minimizing attack surface by relegating security functions to dedicated hardware with limited functionality.
-
-#### Boot ROM
-
-macOS prevents malware persistence by only allowing official Apple software to run at boot time; this is known as secure boot. Mac computers verify this with a bit of read-only memory on the SoC called the boot ROM, which is laid down during the manufacturing of the chip.
-
-The boot ROM forms the hardware root of trust. This ensures that malware cannot tamper with the boot process. When your Mac boots up, the boot ROM is the first thing that runs, forming the first link in the chain of trust.
-
-Mac computers can be configured to boot in three security modes: *Full Security*, *Reduced Security*, and *Permissive Security*, with the default setting being Full Security. You should ideally be using Full Security mode and avoid things like **kernel extensions** that force you to lower your security mode. Make sure to [check](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-security-settings-startup-disk-a-mac-mchl768f7291/mac) that you're using Full Security mode.
-
-#### Secure Enclave
-
-The Secure Enclave is a security chip built into devices with Apple silicon which is responsible for storing and generating encryption keys for data at rest as well as Face ID and Touch ID data. It contains its own separate boot ROM.
-
-You can think of the Secure Enclave as your device's security hub: it has an AES encryption engine and a mechanism to securely store your encryption keys, and it's separated from the rest of the system, so even if the main processor is compromised, it should still be safe.
-
-#### Touch ID
-
-Apple's Touch ID feature allows you to securely unlock your devices using biometrics.
-
-Your biometric data never leaves your device; it's stored only in the Secure Enclave.
-
-#### Hardware Microphone Disconnect
-
-All laptops with Apple silicon or the T2 chip feature a hardware disconnect for the built-in microphone whenever the lid is closed. This means that there is no way for an attacker to listen to your Mac's microphone even if the operating system is compromised.
-
-Note that the camera does not have a hardware disconnect, since its view is obscured when the lid is closed anyway.
-
-#### Peripheral Processor Security
-
-Computers have built-in processors other than the main CPU that handle things like networking, graphics, power management, etc. These processors can have insufficient security and become compromised, therefore Apple tries to minimize the need for these processors in their hardware.
-
-When it is necessary to use one of these processors, Apple works with the vendor to ensure that the processor
-
- runs verified firmware from the primary CPU on startup
- has its own Secure Boot chain
- follows minimum cryptographic standards
- ensures known bad firmware is properly revoked
- has its debug interfaces disabled
- is signed with Apple's cryptographic keys
-
-#### Direct Memory Access Protections
-
-Apple silicon separates each component that requires direct memory access. For example, a Thunderbolt port can't access memory designated for the kernel.
-
-## Sources
-
- [Apple Platform Security](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/welcome/web)
@@ -1,58 +1,54 @@
 ---
 title: "Qubes Overview"
 icon: simple/qubesos
-description: Qubes is an operating system built around isolating apps within *qubes* (formerly "VMs") for heightened security.
+description: Qubes is an operating system built around isolating apps within virtual machines for heightened security.
 ---
-[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) is an open-source operating system which uses the [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) hypervisor to provide strong security for desktop computing through isolated *qubes*, (which are Virtual Machines). You can assign each *qube* a level of trust based on its purpose. Qubes OS provides security by using isolation. It only permits actions on a per-case basis and therefore is the opposite of [badness enumeration](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/).
+[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) is an operating system which uses the [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) hypervisor to provide strong security for desktop computing through isolated virtual machines. Each VM is called a *Qube* and you can assign each Qube a level of trust based on its purpose. As Qubes OS provides security by using isolation, and only permitting actions on a per case basis, it is the opposite of [badness enumeration](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/).

 ## How does Qubes OS work?

-Qubes uses [compartmentalization](https://www.qubes-os.org/intro/) to keep the system secure. Qubes are created from templates, the defaults being for Fedora, Debian and [Whonix](../desktop.md#whonix). Qubes OS also allows you to create once-use [disposable](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-use-disposables/) *qubes*.
-
-??? "The term *qubes* is gradually being updated to avoid referring to them as "virtual machines"."
-
-    Some of the information here and on the Qubes OS documentation may contain conflicting language as the "appVM" term is gradually being changed to "qube". Qubes are not entire virtual machines, but maintain similar functionalities to VMs.
+Qubes uses [compartmentalization](https://www.qubes-os.org/intro/) to keep the system secure. Qubes are created from templates, the defaults being for Fedora, Debian and [Whonix](../desktop.md#whonix). Qubes OS also allows you to create once-use [disposable](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-use-disposables/) virtual machines.

 ![Qubes architecture](../assets/img/qubes/qubes-trust-level-architecture.png)
 <figcaption>Qubes Architecture, Credit: What is Qubes OS Intro</figcaption>

-Each qube has a [colored border](https://www.qubes-os.org/screenshots/) that can help you keep track of the domain in which it runs. You could, for example, use a specific color for your banking browser, while using a different color for a general untrusted browser.
+Each Qubes application has a [colored border](https://www.qubes-os.org/screenshots/) that can help you keep track of the virtual machine it is running in. You could, for example, use a specific color for your banking browser, while using a different color for a general untrusted browser.

 ![Colored border](../assets/img/qubes/r4.0-xfce-three-domains-at-work.png)
 <figcaption>Qubes window borders, Credit: Qubes Screenshots</figcaption>

 ## Why Should I use Qubes?

-Qubes OS is useful if your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) requires strong security and isolation, such as if you think you'll be opening untrusted files from untrusted sources. A typical reason for using Qubes OS is to open documents from unknown sources, but the idea is that if a single qube is compromised it won't affect the rest of the system.
+Qubes OS is useful if your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) requires strong compartmentalization and security, such as if you think you'll be opening untrusted files from untrusted sources. A typical reason for using Qubes OS is to open documents from unknown sources.

-Qubes OS utilizes [dom0](https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Dom0) Xen VM for controlling other *qubes* on the host OS, all of which display individual application windows within dom0's desktop environment. There are many uses for this type of architecture. Here are some tasks you can perform. You can see just how much more secure these processes are made by incorporating multiple steps.
+Qubes OS utilizes [Dom0](https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Dom0) Xen VM (i.e., an "AdminVM") for controlling other guest VMs or Qubes on the host OS. Other VMs display individual application windows within Dom0's desktop environment. It allows you to color code windows based on trust levels and run apps that can interact with each other with very granular control.

 ### Copying and Pasting Text

 You can [copy and paste text](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-copy-and-paste-text/) using `qvm-copy-to-vm` or the below instructions:

-1. Press **Ctrl+C** to tell the *qube* you're in that you want to copy something.
-2. Press **Ctrl+Shift+C** to tell the *qube* to make this buffer available to the global clipboard.
-3. Press **Ctrl+Shift+V** in the destination *qube* to make the global clipboard available.
-4. Press **Ctrl+V** in the destination *qube* to paste the contents in the buffer.
+1. Press **Ctrl+C** to tell the VM you're in that you want to copy something.
+2. Press **Ctrl+Shift+C** to tell the VM to make this buffer available to the global clipboard.
+3. Press **Ctrl+Shift+V** in the destination VM to make the global clipboard available.
+4. Press **Ctrl+V** in the destination VM to paste the contents in the buffer.

 ### File Exchange

-To copy and paste files and directories (folders) from one *qube* to another, you can use the option **Copy to Other AppVM...** or **Move to Other AppVM...**. The difference is that the **Move** option will delete the original file. Either option will protect your clipboard from being leaked to any other *qubes*. This is more secure than air-gapped file transfer. An air-gapped computer will still be forced to parse partitions or file systems. That is not required with the inter-qube copy system.
+To copy and paste files and directories (folders) from one VM to another, you can use the option **Copy to Other AppVM...** or **Move to Other AppVM...**. The difference is that the **Move** option will delete the original file. Either option will protect your clipboard from being leaked to any other Qubes. This is more secure than air-gapped file transfer because an air-gapped computer will still be forced to parse partitions or file systems. That is not required with the inter-qube copy system.

-??? "Qubes do not have their own filesystems."
+??? info "AppVMs or qubes do not have their own file systems"

-    You can [copy and move files](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-copy-and-move-files/) between *qubes*. When doing so the changes aren't immediately made and can be easily undone in case of an accident. When you run a *qube*, it does not have a persistent filesystem. You can create and delete files, but these changes are ephemeral.
+    You can [copy and move files](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-copy-and-move-files/) between Qubes. When doing so the changes aren't immediately made and can be easily undone in case of an accident.

 ### Inter-VM Interactions

-The [qrexec framework](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/) is a core part of Qubes which allows communication between domains. It is built on top of the Xen library *vchan*, which facilitates [isolation through policies](https://www.qubes-os.org/news/2020/06/22/new-qrexec-policy-system/).
+The [qrexec framework](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/) is a core part of Qubes which allows virtual machine communication between domains. It is built on top of the Xen library *vchan*, which facilitates [isolation through policies](https://www.qubes-os.org/news/2020/06/22/new-qrexec-policy-system/).

 ## Additional Resources

 For additional information we encourage you to consult the extensive Qubes OS documentation pages located on the [Qubes OS Website](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/). Offline copies can be downloaded from the Qubes OS [documentation repository](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc).

- [Arguably the world's most secure operating system](https://www.opentech.fund/news/qubes-os-arguably-the-worlds-most-secure-operating-system-motherboard/) (Open Technology Fund)
- [Software compartmentalization vs. physical separation](https://invisiblethingslab.com/resources/2014/Software_compartmentalization_vs_physical_separation.pdf) (J. Rutkowska)
- [Partitioning my digital life into security domains](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/03/13/partitioning-my-digital-life-into.html) (J. Rutkowska)
- [Related Articles](https://www.qubes-os.org/news/categories/#articles) (Qubes OS)
+- Open Technology Fund: [*Arguably the world's most secure operating system*](https://www.opentech.fund/news/qubes-os-arguably-the-worlds-most-secure-operating-system-motherboard/)
+- J. Rutkowska: [*Software compartmentalization vs. physical separation*](https://invisiblethingslab.com/resources/2014/Software_compartmentalization_vs_physical_separation.pdf)
+- J. Rutkowska: [*Partitioning my digital life into security domains*](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/03/13/partitioning-my-digital-life-into.html)
+- Qubes OS: [*Related Articles*](https://www.qubes-os.org/news/categories/#articles)
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+---
+title: System Hardening
+icon: material/monitor-lock
+---
+
+## Setting up Windows after Installation
+
+If you wish to limit the amount of data Microsoft obtains from your device, an [offline/local account](https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/how-to-create-a-local-or-offline-account-in/95097c32-40c4-48c0-8f3b-3bcb67afaf7c) is **recommended**. 
+
+![user-account](../../assets/img/windows/user-account.webp)
+
+!!! note
+    Microsoft is pushing users to use Microsoft accounts for other editions except Education and Enterprise after installation. 
+
+    So, You could also follow the guide by [ghacks.net](https://www.ghacks.net/2022/05/13/how-to-bypass-the-microsoft-account-requirement-during-windows-setup/) to bypass the Microsoft account requirement during setup and use Local account.
+
+While setting up, it is recommended to use a generic name such as `user` and `host` and avoid identifying terms such as your name or operating system. This can make it more difficult for privileged `Win32` apps or attackers to discern your identity.
+
+For security, it's recommended to set up Windows Hello on all of your accounts because it uses the trusted platform module (TPM) if applicable, which protects against brute-force attacks; see the documentation: [How Windows Uses the TPM](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm#windows-hello-for-business)
+
+- [ ] Toggle off all privacy related settings as shown in the image:
+
+![Privacy Settings](../../assets/img/windows/privacy-settings.webp)
+## Encrypting the Drive
+
+After you have installed Windows, turn on full disk encryption (FDE) using BitLocker via the Control Panel. 
+
+!!! info "Choosing the Way to Encrypt"
+    It is recommended to use only the Control Panel because if you go to encrypt via settings app, Microsoft named it as `Device Encryption` and designed it in a way that the encryption keys for BitLocker would be stored on Microsoft's server which is attached to your Microsoft account. This can be dangerous to your privacy and security as anyone who gains access to your account, as could an attacker if they were able to gain access to Microsoft's servers or any Law Enforcement could by a Gag order. 
+
+The best way is to go to the Control Panel by searching for it in the Start Menu or from the context menu (right-click) in File Explorer and set it up for all of the drives that you have.
+
+![Bitlocker in Control Panel](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/bitlocker-control%20panel.webp)
+
+Bitlocker is suggested because of the native implementation by the OS and along with the usage of hardware to be resistant against encryption flaws.
+
+### Security policies for Bitlocker
+
+Enable the Following group policies before you start encrypting your drives.
+
+!!! tip
+    To go to it, search **Group Policy** in the **Windows Search Bar** and press **Enter** or type `gpedit.msc` in ++win+r++. Then, proceed as mentioned below.
+
+General Policies :
+
+Go to `Computer Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `Bitlocker Drive Encryption`
+
+![Encryption & Cipher](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/encryption-method-and-cipher.webp)
+![Disable DMA](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/Disable%20DMA.webp)
+
+For OS drives : 
+
+Go to `Computer Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `Bitlocker Drive Encryption` > `Operating System Drives`
+
+Enable Group policies as in the images below <!--(Check images side by side)--> :
+
+![Enforcing full encryption](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/enforce-full-encryption.webp)
+![secure boot integrity validation](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/Secure-boot-integrity-validation.webp)
+![TPM & PIN](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/TPM+PIN.webp)
+![enhanced PINS](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/enhanced-pins.webp)
+![Disallow others changing PIN](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/disallow-user-from-changing-PIN.webp)
+
+For Fixed Drives :
+
+Go to `Computer Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `Bitlocker Drive Encryption` > `Fixed Data Drives` > `Enforce drive encryption type on fixed data drives`
+
+![Encryption Type](../../assets/img/windows/Bitlocker%20Group%20Policies/fixed-drives.webp)
+
+These policies ensure that your drives are encrypted with `XTS-AES-256` Bit encryption, **fully**.
+
+### Setting up Pre-boot Authentication
+
+!!! warning "Update your TPM"
+    Before enabling Bitlocker in your device,It is strongly recommended to update your TPM chip by downloading package only from **OEM** Websites.
+
+As you are using Windows 11, TPM is used to encrypt and decrypt the drive but it is susceptible to [cold boot attacks](https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2021/01/understanding-bitlocker-tpm-protection/). So, it is recommended to use TPM + PIN to protect the drives
+
+After enabling all the group policies above, Go to Control panel and click on Add PIN. It can be alphanumeric if you had enabled the above policies.
+
+You can check if it's enabled by typing `manage-bde -status`. It will normally show in **Key Protectors**: **Numerical Password** (it's the recovery key) and **TPM And PIN**.
+
+??? abstract "Disabling pre-boot Authentication (Not Recommended)"
+    
+    - open a **terminal** as an **administrator** and type this command `manage-bde -protectors -add c: -TPM`. 
+    - You can again check if it worked by typing `manage-bde -status c:` and it will show you **Numerical Password** and **TPM**
+
+!!! info 
+    The above Group Policy configuration tells the TPM to release the encryption keys after entering PIN instead of releasing it on boot automatically.
+
+    Doing this will set a double password. So, you enter the PIN to release the encryption keys from TPM & boot Windows and another credential to unlock your user account.
+
+    The pre-boot PIN not only protects the OS drive but also other fixed drives used just for storage if bitlocker is enabled for that drive also.
+
+When you do this, the encryption keys of your drive are only unlocked once you enter the PIN, and the decryption happens after. If you forget or lose the PIN, you won't be able to access your drives and OS anymore, and the only way to recover is using the Recovery Key provided during the initial setup of BitLocker. **Make sure you store it in a safe place**, such as a password manager, and keep backups of your Recovery Key or even use an encrypted USB drive.
+
+The preboot authentication is recommend to avoid data being accessed by removal of user Account passwords by methods like this - https://youtu.be/0gOZoroPNuA and access data even though Bitlocker is enabled and managed by TPM
+
+But when you use TPM + Startup PIN, nobody can restart to load the shell and bypass password. Because you need to enter your PIN to go to the Advanced Startup settings as in the video.
+
+Enabling or not-enabling is up to the user's threat model.
+
+If it's a personal device, Startup PIN + TPM is recommended. 
+If a family computer, Normal Bitlocker (Managed by TPM) for OS drive is recommended.
+
+It is recommended to encrypt the OS drive at the least. Encrypting secondary drives either via Bitlocker or other encryption tools such as Veracrypt is upto the user's threat model.
+
+## Creation of User Account and usage
+
+- By Default Windows gives `administrator` access to the user account. Create another `standard` user account to reduce the attack surface enormously as most vulnerabilities today come from the fact that the user is always in `administrator` mode. In addition, you shouldn't use the same password for standard and administrator account.
+
+- Don't use admin account for any of your personal tasks!
+
+- Just restrict it to the standard account created.
+
+- Set [UAC](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/user-account-control-security-policy-settings) settings to the [Highest Privilege](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/about-user-account-control-settings-d5b2046b-dcb8-54eb-f732-059f321afe18).
+    
+- Only use your account for you, if someone needs to use your computer **ALWAYS** create another standard account, even if it's for a one-time use, even if it's your family or someone you trust. This person can plug a malicious USB, can connect to malicious Wi-Fi network, download infectious files, etc... without you knowing about it.
+
+- You might be afraid that the user accessing your device via another User account can access your Internal drive and access critical files violating your privacy. Refer, [Privacy page](windows/privacy/#restrict-access-to-data-drives) on How to restrict access to certain drives only or use EFS on a per-file basis. You can read more about EFS on [Privacy page](privacy.md).
+
+!!! tip
+    You should ALWAYS do the quick shortcut ++win+l++ to lock your device when you are away to prevent unauthorized access.
+
+- If you don't like managing a standard account, then enforce authentication for Administrator accounts too like Standard ones by following the guide by [Wikihow](https://www.wikihow.tech/Require-UAC-Passwords-on-Administrator-Accounts)
+    - This way, Even administrators need to use Password to approve processes instead of just clicking `Yes` or `No`.
+
+## Securing the Boot chain
+
+- In your BIOS/UEFI settings, disable the booting of USB devices
+- Add a password to your BIOS/UEFI settings which restricts anyone from changing them.
+
+### Enabling Secure Boot
+
+- Windows 11 secures its bootloader by default by using Secure boot with the usage of TPM.
+
+- Windows 10, on the other hand, doesn't come with Secure boot enabled by default except for new devices. 
+
+To enable Secure Boot from the PC BIOS menu. Follow this Step-by-Step Instructions by visiting this [documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/disabling-secure-boot?view=windows-11#re-enable-secure-boot).
+
+Visit: [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/user-help/you-need-to-enable-secure-boot-windows#check-secure-boot-status](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/user-help/you-need-to-enable-secure-boot-windows#check-secure-boot-status) on how to verify if enabled after enabling secure boot.
+
+### Firmware Protection
+
+As there are thousands of PC vendors that produce many models with different UEFI BIOS versions, there becomes an incredibly large number of SRTM measurements upon bootup. Two techniques exist to establish trust here—either maintain a list of known 'bad' SRTM measurements (also known as a blocklist), or a list of known 'good' SRTM measurements (also known as an allowlist).
+
+**System Guard** lets the system freely boot into untrusted code initially, but shortly after launches the system into a trusted state by taking control of all CPUs and forcing them down a well-known and measured code path. This has the benefit of allowing untrusted early UEFI code to boot the system, but then being able to securely transition into a trusted and measured state.
+
+- [x] Enable [System Guard](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-system-guard/how-hardware-based-root-of-trust-helps-protect-windows) by following the instructions of [Microsoft Docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-system-guard/system-guard-secure-launch-and-smm-protection) to secure the boot chain.
+
+You can also know how to check if it is enabled or not in the guide.
+
+!!! note
+    System Guard is mostly available on Windows Secured-Core PCs not on regular consumer devices. So, Before enabling it check the requirements of your Device.
+## Protection against Malware and Viruses
+
+- Just use the built-in Windows Defender Security to protect against threats and stick to it. Don't use any other Antivirus or Anti-Malware software [as it can weaken your security and your privacy](https://wonderfall.space/windows-hardening/#microsoft-defender-antivirus).
+
+- [x] **Enable** [Windows Defender in a Sandbox](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/10/26/windows-defender-antivirus-can-now-run-in-a-sandbox/) by launching a **terminal** as an **administrator** and copy/paste this command ```setx /M MP_FORCE_USE_SANDBOX 1```. Restart your device and check if there's a process called **MsMpEngCP.exe** by typing `tasklist` in the terminal to verify.
+    
+- [ ] Disable Autoplay for devices so that malware hidden in USB don't execute on plugging in
+    ![Disable autoplay](../../assets/img/windows/autoplay.webp)
+- [x] Enable [Controlled Folder Access](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/enable-controlled-folders) in Windows defender settings. So, The Important folders you listed for protection doesn't get attacked or held hostage in case of a ransomware attack and also stops apps from accessing your important folders. This could also be used as a firewall for the filesystem such as Choosing the drives in the protected ones. And allowing each app when it request access to your device.
+
+- [x] Enable [Microsoft Defender Application Guard](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-application-guard/md-app-guard-overview). After installing by going to "[Turn Windows Features on or off](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-application-guard/install-md-app-guard)" you can enable it. This runs Microsoft Edge in an Isolated Hyper-V container preventing unknown Malware from damaging the system.
+
+!!! warning
+    When you use Microsoft Defender Application Guard it bypasses the VPN you are using as when you use WDAG is launching the application in what is essentially a virtual machine, so it bypasses the host, where the VPN is connected. 
+
+- [x] Enable [Memory Integrity](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/core-isolation-e30ed737-17d8-42f3-a2a9-87521df09b78) (also called Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity) in Windows Defender settings which will run important system process isolated in an environment that cannot be attacked by viruses & malware.
+
+- [x] Enable `Display File Extensions` as most problems start here.
+    
+    ??? example  "Enabling file extension"
+        On standard Windows settings, Malware can hide itself if the filename is like: `Secure-File.txt.exe`
+
+        What you see? A file named `Secure-File.txt`
+
+        Of course the attacker can add a different icon to the file, so it looks like you open the file type extension you think.
+
+        And if you open it, the Malware start's.
+
+        Just Open the File Explorer's settings and change it to show File Extensions by clicking on `View` > `Show` or by configuring via [Registry Editor](https://github.com/beerisgood/Windows11_Hardening/blob/master/always%20display%20file%20typ%20extension)
+
+## Apps
+
+- Avoid any types of Cleaning software at all cost. As Microsoft is working on its own implementation specfically designed for windows.
+- To Install apps, using the `winget` (Windows Package manager). More details in [Sandboxing page](/windows/sandboxing/#using-winget-to-install-sofwaret)
+## Security Improvements
+
+- Use [PeaZip](https://peazip.github.io/) archiver instead of 7-zip as it disables [Mark of the Web(MoW)](https://nolongerset.com/mark-of-the-web-details/) [support by default](https://github.com/nmantani/archiver-MOTW-support-comparison#*2) leading to execution of malicious instantly after extracting.
+
+- Using MS edge or brave over Firefox. Edge is recommended with MDAG mode for secure browsing if security is your priority. Brave is recommeded if content blocking is important for you (Brave shields)
+
+- [Check](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/kernel-dma-protection-for-thunderbolt#how-to-check-if-kernel-dma-protection-is-enabled) if Kernel DMA protections is turned on.
+
+- Use [Winget](/windows/sandboxing/#using-winget-to-install-sofware) tool to remove Bloatware instead of third party apps.
+
+- [x] Block all incoming connections in Windows firewall.
+    - Go to `Firewall & Network Protection` in Windows defender security.
+    - Go to `Domain`, `Private` and `Public` network settings
+    - Scroll and check the box under **Incoming Connections**
+
+    !!! warning "A note regarding screen casting"
+        If you try to cast your screen to another device or cast another device screen to your device via Wireless display (Optional feature). You won't be able to connect the devices. As we have blocked Incoming connections. Miracast (Wireless casting) requires incoming connection to send data back and forth to show the screen on other or vice versa.
+
+        If you want to cast, then disable incoming connections in public network and cast your device and block connection again.
+
+        There is no problem if you use normal Projection via cable.
+## Keeping your device up-to-date
+
+You should keep your Windows Device up-to-date by enabling automatic updates. It is recommended to do so to keep your device with latest security fixes and new features.
+    
+To get information about the latest updates, you can look at the [Windows Release Information](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows11-release-information).
+
+It is recommended to stick to driver updates provided via Optional Updates, as they are thoroughly vetted by Microsoft for the stability of your device, and **do not rely on third-party apps for driver updates**. This way, you get the latest updates and security patches for your drivers along with firmware updates as long as your device is supported by the OEM.
+
+Some Hardware vendors like Nvidia, Intel has their own updater tool which will provide latest drivers.
+
+It is recommended to rather rely on Windows updates or first-party apps.
+
+**Credits** : The page is mostly made based on the recommendations of Windows Hardening Guide by [beerisgood](https://github.com/beerisgood/Windows11_Hardening)
+
+*[TPM]: Trusted Platform Module
+*[FDE]: Full Disk Encryption
+*[UAC]: User Account Control
+*[WDAG]: Windows Defender Application Guard
+*[SRTM]: Static Root-of-Trust Measurement
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: Windows Overview
+icon: material/microsoft-windows
+---
+
+## Windows
+
+Windows is a proprietary operating system created by Microsoft Inc. in 1985. It is primarily focused on personal computing and is now the most popular desktop OS, used by about [75%](https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide) of all desktop users. However, it has its own privacy and security issues.
+
+## Issues present in Windows
+
+Over the years, Microsoft has demonstrated a lot of privacy-invasive behaviour with their software and services. They have continually taken advantage of the fact that Windows is the most wide-used desktop OS, and that most people don't change the default settings, in order to collect users' personal information.
+
+Windows 10 was [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, including:
+
+!!! quote "[Criticism of Microsoft - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection)"
+    User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, "telemetry" (diagnostics data) ... and "advertising ID", as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled.
+
+At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. Only after [criticism](https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/21/12246266/france-microsoft-privacy-windows-10-cnil) from the France data protection commission, the [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/windows-10-microsoft-blatantly-disregards-user-choice-and-privacy-deep-dive) and the [European Union](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-dataprotection-eu-idUSKBN15Z1UI), Microsoft changed the way they collect telemetry, allowing users to choose between "Basic" (now renamed as `Required`) and "Full", with "Basic" mode collecting [much less telemetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects). Along with that, Microsoft collects a [lot more data from Windows 10](https://web.archive.org/web/20210711143017/https://privacytools.io/operating-systems/#win10).
+
+With the launch of Windows 11, a lot of [other](https://www.windowscentral.com/one-thing-microsoft-didnt-discuss-windows-11-privacy) [concerns](https://www.pcworld.com/article/539183/windows-11-review-an-unnecessary-replacement-for-windows-10.html) were raised, such as:
+
+- Integration of Microsoft Teams into the OS, which would encourage users to switch to the service, allowing Microsoft to collect even more data.
+- Removing the ability to have local accounts in Windows 11 Home, therefore forcing you to log into a Microsoft account so as to collect more data.
+- Having all data collection options on by default
+- Working with Amazon to bring Android apps to Windows through the Windows Subsystem for Android, likely allowing both Microsoft and Amazon to collect data about Android app usage on Windows.
+- Using users in a P2P way to distribute Windows updates to reduce load in Microsoft's servers without users' consent.
+
+## Choosing your Windows edition
+
+While using Windows, it is better to select either Windows **Enterprise** Edition or **Education** Edition because it gives more control over the system for hardening it for privacy and security by giving access to stops the OS from sending any Telemetry data using GP Editor.
+
+If you cannot get the above editions, you should opt for **Professional** Edition.
+
+#### Editions to avoid 
+
+- It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. It should be avoided at all cost. Since modified versions of Windows, such as AME, don't get updates, antivirus programs like Defender can fall out of date or be disabled entirely, opening you up to attacks.
+
+- Windows **Home** edition is **not** recommended as it does not have many advantages that Professional edition provides such as BitLocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, Windows Sandbox, etc. It also uploads Bitlocker Encryption keys to Microsoft servers which actually defies the aspect of the encryption implemented as the key was supposed to be hold by the user.
+
+##### Recommendations
+
+We recommend you choose Windows 11 over Windows 10 as it is the latest version and brings many security-related improvements with it by default such as [Secure Boot](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-secure-boot), [VBS](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-vbs), [HVCI](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/device-guard-and-credential-guard), etc. Windows 10 will stop getting updates after [October 14, 2025](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-home-and-pro).
+
+### Installing Windows
+
+We recommend that you use the official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) to flash the ISO to the USB, over third-party options such as Rufus, Balena Etcher, etc., so that you don't tamper the ISO.
+
+#### Downloading ISO
+
+To download the ISO. Follow these steps :
+
+- Download Media Creation tool under `Windows 11 Installation Media`
+- Open a Command prompt terminal in the directory where `mediacreationtool.exe` is downloaded.
+- And Input the following Command :
+    ```
+    mediacreationtool.exe /Eula Accept /Retail /MediaArch x64 /MediaLangCode en-US /MediaEdition Enterprise
+    ```
+- If it asks for Activation key, Use this Generic Key `XGVPP-NMH47-7TTHJ-W3FW7-8HV2C`. This will just allow you to download the ISO but activation is totally upon the user.
+- Accept the UAC prompt
+- Download the ISO file or flash to a USB as you wish
+
+!!! info "Note"
+    - The ISO will consists **only** of Professional, Education & Enterprise edition with a size of ~4.2 GB (Instead of >5.5GB when you download the Multi-Edition ISO) when you download using the above way no other editions such as Home included in it.
+    - If you want to change the Language of the ISO file, Just change the `en-US` part with the appropriate language and country code as per your needs.
+
+### Activating Windows
+
+Activating Education/Enterprise edition is different because for Enterprise Edition it needs to be a part of an enterprise network or buying an enterprise License for several devices and use it for your one device & for Education Edition it needs to be a part of school network or managed by a school administrator.
+
+For activating Professional edition, you can buy the license key from resellers (not recommended) or the [Microsoft Store](https://www.microsoft.com/d/windows-11-pro/dg7gmgf0d8h4?rtc=1).
+
+If you are currently using Pro and want to upgrade to Enterprise. Then, Follow the guide [here](https://www.kapilarya.com/how-to-upgrade-windows-11-pro-to-enterprise-edition)
+
+!!! abstract "Note"
+    This guide will be mostly on Windows 11 but some of the recommendations can be applied to Windows 10 too.
+
+!!! danger "Warning"
+    If you are going to install Windows 11, Then install it only on supported devices and it is not recommended to use tools/scripts that are available online to bypass the requirements which totally breaks the security of Windows 11 which it is aimed for.
+
+    Never download **Pirated ISO Files**
+
+*[GP]: Group Policy
+*[VBS]: Virtualization-Based Security
+*[HVCI]: Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity
+*[AME]: Ameliorated
+*[P2P]: Peer-to-Peer
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+title: Privacy in Windows
+icon: material/incognito
+---
+
+## Using Microsoft account
+
+You should never sign-in to Windows with a Microsoft account. Signing-in to applications like Microsoft Office (which some users are required to do for their school or company) will trigger a dark pattern offering you to sign in to Windows, which will connect your device to your Microsoft account, and make it easier to send data to Microsoft servers and it is critical to reject this offer.
+
+It’s worth noting that according to [this study](https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/sites/default/files/atoms/files/public_version_dutch_dpa_informal_translation_summary_of_investigation_report.pdf) it seems that Windows collects more telemetry when signed into a Microsoft Account.
+
+![Using account for specific app](../../assets/img/windows/signin-one-app.webp)
+
+You should log in to that specific app only if you need to.
+
+or 
+
+Create another standard user account and connect it to Microsoft account if you are required for School or Work and keep the apps to that account alone. By restricting other data drive access, it is fully isolated from other profiles.
+
+## Telemetry
+
+To disable telemetry at full level, Open Group policy and navigate to `Computer Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `Data Collection and Preview builds` and choose as required
+
+![Disable telemtry](../../assets/img/windows/disable-telemetry.webp)
+
+The above works only if you use Enterprise or Education edition. If Professional, It will send required (Basic) data.
+
+If you read this article - [https://www.softscheck.com/en/blog/windows-10-enterprise-telemetry-analysis/](https://www.softscheck.com/en/blog/windows-10-enterprise-telemetry-analysis/), Enterprise even sends data even though telemetry is disabled. But there is no updated info about this available.
+
+Disabling full telemtry or sending basic data to Microsoft is totally upto the user's threat model.
+
+- [ ] Disable `Automatic Sample Submission` in Windows Defender will send your files as a sample for Signature Database and might leak your data. You can do it via the below Group Policy so to not prompt you again and again constantly.
+    ```
+    Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Microsoft Defender Antivirus > MAPS > Send file samples when further analysis is required to Never Send.
+    ```
+
+- [ ] Disable Windows spotlight by navigating to `User Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `Cloud Content` and setting **Turn off all Windows Spotlight features** policy to disabled.
+        !!! note
+        This explicitly disables Windows spotlight features in Lockscreen and Desktop to severe unnecessary between Microsoft servers and the device.
+
+- [ ] Disable in Bing integration in Windows search, by navigating to `Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\Windows Components\Search\Don't search the web or display web results`. This way your search queries for local indexed data is not sent to Microsoft.
+
+- [ ] Disable notification in the Lock screen in Windows settings
+    ![Lock screen notification](../../assets/img/windows/lock-screen-notifications.webp)
+
+- [ ] Disable Online Speech recognition and Voice activation
+        ![Alt text](/docs/assets/img/windows/online-speech.webp)
+        ![Alt text](../../assets/img/windows/voice-activation.webp)
+
+- [ ] Disable delivery optimization in Windows Update settings.
+
+- Check all the App permissions and allow only necessary ones.
+
+## Hide MAC Address
+
+Go to `Settings` > `Network & Internet` > `Wifi`
+
+Enable **Random hardware addresses**
+
+## Restrict access to data drives
+
+To prevent other users from accessing your secondary data drives. Type `gpedit.msc` in Windows Run dialog box.
+
+Go to `User Configuration` > `Administrative Templates` > `Windows Components` > `File Explorer` and set the Group Policy as below.
+
+![Restrict-drive](../../assets/img/windows/drive-restriction.webp)
+
+The above configuration will restrict other users to the OS drive where Windows is installed. Making total isolation between your Account and other user account.
+
+If it's a shared drive with another person but you don't want the user to access sensitive data then use EFS. EFS encrypts the documents so that the user who encrypted it can only access it and not others.
+
+![EFS](../../assets/img/windows/EFS.gif)
+
+It is better to export the Private key certificate and store in a safe place so as to use the file later in other devices. To do so,
+
+Press, ++win+r++, Then type `certmgr.msc`, Under `Personal` > `Certificates`. Click the certificate that contains your username. Right Click and choose export. If you find this too tricky, then after using EFS for first time. You will see an encrypted locker Icon in system tray which help you in exporting on clicking it.
+
+To import in another device, simply open and install this certificate in that device and choose the above location. Then you can access EFS encrypted files in other system too.
+
+*[EFS]: Encrypted File System
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+---
+title: Application Sandboxing
+icon: octicons/apps-16
+---
+
+## Native Application Sandboxing
+
+### Application Packaging by Windows
+
+Windows has two types of application packaging such as `.exe`/`.msi` (Win32) and `.appx`/`.msix` (UWA).
+
+#### Universal Windows Application (UWA)
+
+UWAs are processes that operate within the `AppContainer` is an application sandbox environment, which implements mechanisms for the restriction of `AppContainer` processes in terms of what system resources they can access. Basically, Application that is fully isolated and only given access to certain resources.
+
+#### Win32 Apps
+
+Win32 is the application platform of choice for developing and running classic Windows applications, that 
+is, Win32 applications, that require direct access to Windows and hardware. 
+
+The core of Win32 is the Win32 API implemented in the Windows SubDLLs (DLLs) and the ntdll.dll library file. With the combination of `SubDLLs` and `ntdll.dll`, the Win32 application has direct access to full system resources.
+
+#### A comparison between UWA and Win32
+
+| UWAs    | Windows |
+| :--------- | :---------------------------------- |
+|UWAs run as restricted, containerized `AppContainer` processes that run by accessing the WinRT API, a subset of COM functionalities and the Win32 API. They have specific properties that define process restrictions in terms of the system resources that processes can access.| Win32 applications run as Windows native, traditional processes that run by accessing the Win32 API and COM functionalities to their full extent and a subset of the WinRT API to directly access all system resources. They do not run as restricted processes, all system functionalities are by design directly available to them.|
+|Only a single instance of a given UWA may run at a given time. | Any number of instances of a given Win32 application may run simultaneously.
+|UWAs are distributed as application packages, archive files with a pre-defined format and required content that is necessary for the deployment and operation of UWAs |The way in which Win32 applications are distributed is not restricted by the operating system. It is defined by the application vendors.
+
+The above comparison gives a clear cut that UWA/UWP apps are the best ones to use in terms of sandboxing the app.
+
+
+### Choosing the way to install software
+
+UWA apps are primarily distributed through Microsoft store and are counter-signed by Microsoft while as third party UWA's are signed by the vendor without Microsoft's signature.
+
+It is recommended to use the UWA apps as they are sandboxed into their own containers.
+
+And for Win32 apps. If you are required to use Win32 apps. Install the application in the host and run it using [Windows Sandbox](/windows/sandboxing/#run-programs-instantly-in-sandbox).
+
+It is **recommended** to install in host and use in Sandbox to reduce your time installing the software again and again in Windows Sandbox.
+
+### Finding Win32 and UWP apps in Windows Store
+
+Generally, apps available in Microsoft store was UWP only before Windows 11 was launched but after the launch both Win32 and UWP apps co-exist in the store.
+
+At this point, it is difficult to differentiate between Win32 and UWP apps. To find which is UWP or Win32. Read below:
+
+When you see an app in store and scroll down to *Additional Information*  section and see if it asks for certain permissions like in the image below:
+
+![UWP in store](../../assets/img/windows/UWP-in-MS-Store.webp)
+
+If the Win32 App, Microsoft store will explicitly state that it is`Provided and Updated by `****` ` and `Uses all System resources` as in the image below:
+
+![Win32 in store](../../assets/img/windows/Win32-in-MS-Store.webp)
+
+!!! note "Un-sandboxed UWP apps"
+    Some UWP apps in the store due to the lift of restrictions in Microsoft store developers can submit the app with a property named `runFullTrust` which disables sandboxing of that UWP application and shows that `Uses all System Resources` in *Additional Information* section such as Firefox. By this you can know if a UWP app is sandboxed or not.
+
+    If it is sandboxed, it will show only certain permissions in *Additional Information* section.
+
+!!! abstract "Note"
+    Most apps will ask that if the app needs to be used for all users or just for your user account. It is best you keep the app to your user Account. So, We achieve better sandboxing between different user accounts.
+
+##### Another way to find
+
+[rg-adguard.net](https://store.rg-adguard.net/) is a third party Microsoft store app which can be used to download `.appx` files (Installer for UWP) and install UWP apps. You can use this site to download Age Restricted apps in store and Install it. **Note** that paid apps don't work unless you connect a Microsoft Account.
+
+
+## Using Winget to Install Sofware
+
+Windows Package Manager winget command-line tool is bundled with Windows 11 and modern versions of Windows 10 by default as the App Installer.
+
+The winget command line tool enables users to discover, install, upgrade, remove and configure applications on Windows 10 and Windows 11 computers. This tool is the client interface to the Windows Package Manager service.
+
+More information here : [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/package-manager/winget/](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/package-manager/winget/)
+
+The Winget tool is a powerful tool to install apps that are safe, trusted and official ones. This should be used to avoid sketchy installers.
+
+Even you have apps installed via the traditional installer setup. You can continue using winget
+
+A Quick demo by ThioJoe - [https://youtu.be/uxr7m8wDeGA](https://youtu.be/uxr7m8wDeGA)
+
+Detailed info about the tool by Microsoft - [https://youtu.be/Lk1gbe_JTpY](https://youtu.be/Lk1gbe_JTpY)
+
+If you understood about Winget, then this tool - [https://winstall.app/](https://winstall.app/) is suggested to bulk install apps.
+
+Note : Be sure to install via Winget or using MSI installer to upgrade the app easily.
+
+#### Benefits of winget
+
+There are general advantages in having a package manager regardless of the operating system.
+
+- Security : The packages that the package manager includes are usually safe because they’re verified by maintainers.
+- Automation : It’s easier to install or uninstall N applications using a package manager. No need to do it manually.
+- Maintenance : With a package manager usually you can update all your applications, including configurations.
+Exploration. Instead of searching manually in a browser for an application you can use the package manager. Since it’s centralized it should be easier to find what you want.
+
+## Windows Sandbox
+
+Windows Sandbox provides a lightweight desktop environment to safely run applications in isolation. Software installed inside the Windows Sandbox environment remains "sandboxed" and runs separately from the host machine.
+
+The sandbox is temporary like TailsOS running on a USB drive. When it's closed, all the software and files and the state are deleted. You get a brand-new instance of the sandbox every time you open it.
+
+You can know more from the Official [Documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-sandbox/windows-sandbox-overview).
+
+
+**Use case of Sandbox:** The Windows Sandbox can be used to run unknown software or if you want to isolate your Workspace from the host with only Specific set of apps, etc.
+
+### Using Sandbox
+
+To use Sandbox, you can create a configuration file as per the official Microsoft [Documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-sandbox/windows-sandbox-configure-using-wsb-file) for your needs.
+
+So, when opening the file, sandbox opens with the Configurations you had set up in your file.
+
+If you do not understand the documentation, you can use [Windows Sandbox Editor](https://github.com/damienvanrobaeys/Windows_Sandbox_Editor) instead. It is a GUI application that can be used to create configuration files easily.
+
+??? note "Regarding Windows Sandbox Editor"
+    The repository doesn't provide a package. So, you need to download the whole codebase. After, extracting the zip Windows Defender or other Antivirus software may flag the [exe](https://github.com/damienvanrobaeys/Windows_Sandbox_Editor/tree/master/EXE) file as a malware. So, it is recommended to install it via the [Powershell Script](https://github.com/damienvanrobaeys/Windows_Sandbox_Editor/tree/master/Install%20on%20desktop%20(in%20case%20of%20issue%20with%20EXE)) they provide.
+
+    By default, You cannot execute Scripts in Powershell and it is restricted to commands only. It is recommend you allow the Terminal to `Unrestricted` mode and use it to install the editor via Script after that change it back to `Restricted` [execution policy](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_execution_policies?view=powershell-7.2) to prevent accidental execution of malicious scripts in the future.
+
+### Run programs instantly in Sandbox
+
+[Run in Sandbox](https://github.com/damienvanrobaeys/Run-in-Sandbox) is a tool to quickly run files in Windows Sandbox with a right click.
+
+We recommend you to use this software as it is convenient and easy to use and even credited by Microsoft. 
+
+A full guide on How to use it can be found here: [https://www.systanddeploy.com/2021/11/run-in-sandbox-quick-way-to-runextract.html](https://www.systanddeploy.com/2021/11/run-in-sandbox-quick-way-to-runextract.html)
+
+Note: The same note of installing sandbox editor via PowerShell also applies here except this doesn't provide an `exe` at all.
+
+This page is based on the German BSI project - [SiSyPHuS Win10](https://www.bsi.bund.de/EN/Topics/Cyber-Security/Recommendations/SiSyPHuS_Win10/SiSyPHuS_node.html)'s Work Package 9 Dcoument.
+
+**For Advanced Users :**
+
+Sandboxie Plus, is a Sandboxing tool which uses File system and registry Virtualization techniques to sandbox every apps and at the same data not being lost like Windows Sandbox.
+
+Use this at your own Risk !
+
+*[UWA]:Universal Windows Applications
+*[UWP]:Universal Windows Platform
+*[SubDLLs]: Subsystem Dynamic link libraries
+*[ntdll.dll]: A core Windows library file that implements functions for interaction with the kernel.
+*[WinRT]: Windows Runtime
+*[COM]: Component Object Model
@@ -1,121 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "The Best Password Managers to Protect Your Privacy and Security - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Password Managers"
 icon: material/form-textbox-password
 description: Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials.
-cover: passwords.png
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": WebPage
-    name: Password Manager Recommendations
-    url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Bitwarden
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/bitwarden.svg
-    url: https://bitwarden.com
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwarden
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-      - Android
-      - iOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: 1Password
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/1password.svg
-    url: https://1password.com
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Password
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-      - Android
-      - iOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Psono
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/psono.svg
-    url: https://psono.com
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Android
-      - iOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: KeePassXC
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/keepassxc.svg
-    url: https://keepassxc.org/
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeePassXC
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: KeePassDX
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/keepassdx.svg
-    url: https://www.keepassdx.com/
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem: Android
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Strongbox
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/strongbox.svg
-    url: https://strongboxsafe.com/
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem: iOS
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: gopass
-    image: /assets/img/password-management/gopass.svg
-    url: https://www.gopass.pw/
-    applicationCategory: Password Manager
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-      - FreeBSD
-    subjectOf:
-      "@context": http://schema.org
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
 ---
 Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials with the use of a master password.

@@ -178,7 +64,7 @@ Bitwarden's server-side code is [open-source](https://github.com/bitwarden/serve
    **1Password** is a password manager with a strong focus on security and ease-of-use, which allows you to store passwords, credit cards, software licenses, and any other sensitive information in a secure digital vault. Your vault is hosted on 1Password's servers for a [monthly fee](https://1password.com/sign-up/). 1Password is [audited](https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/) on a regular basis and provides exceptional customer support. 1Password is closed source; however, the security of the product is thoroughly documented in their [security white paper](https://1passwordstatic.com/files/security/1password-white-paper.pdf).

    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://1password.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://1password.com/legal/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://support.1password.com/1password-privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.1password.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}

    ??? downloads
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Productivity Tools"
 icon: material/file-sign
 description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do.
-cover: productivity.png
 ---
 Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.

@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has ac
        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/nextcloud)

 !!! danger

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect pro
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/)
        - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.libreoffice.LibreOffice)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/editors/libreoffice/)

 ### OnlyOffice

@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect pro
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
        - [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/www/onlyoffice-documentserver/)

 ### Criteria

@@ -150,24 +152,3 @@ In general, we define office suites as applications which could reasonably act a
    [:octicons-server-16:](https://privatebin.info/directory/){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ){ .card-link title=Documentation}
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-### Criteria
-
-**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
-
-!!! example "This section is new"
-
-    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
-
-#### Minimum Requirements
-
- Must be open-source.
- Must implement "zero-trust" end-to-end encryption.
- Must support password-protected files.
-
-
-#### Best-Case
-
-Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
-
- Should have a published audit from a reputable, independent third-party.
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "The Best Private Instant Messengers - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Real-Time Communication"
 icon: material/chat-processing
 description: Other instant messengers make all of your private conversations available to the company that runs them.
-cover: real-time-communication.png
 ---

 These are our recommendations for encrypted real-time communication.
@@ -99,13 +97,13 @@ The client software was independently [audited](https://briarproject.org/news/20

 Briar has a fully [published specification](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec).

-Briar supports Forward Secrecy by using the Bramble [Handshake](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BHP.md) and [Transport](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BTP.md) protocol.
+Briar supports perfect forward secrecy by using the Bramble [Handshake](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BHP.md) and [Transport](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BTP.md) protocol.

 ## Additional Options

 !!! warning

-    These messengers do not have [Forward Secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy), and while they fulfill certain needs that our previous recommendations may not, we do not recommend them for long-term or sensitive communications. Any key compromise among message recipients would affect the confidentiality of **all** past communications.
+    These messengers do not have Perfect [Forward Secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy) (PFS), and while they fulfill certain needs that our previous recommendations may not, we do not recommend them for long-term or sensitive communications. Any key compromise among message recipients would affect the confidentiality of **all** past communications.

 ### Element

@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ Session has a [whitepaper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04609.pdf) describing the

 Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.

- Should have Forward Secrecy.
+- Should have Perfect Forward Secrecy.
 - Should have open-source servers.
 - Should be decentralized, i.e. federated or P2P.
 - Should use E2EE for all messages by default.
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 title: "Router Firmware"
 icon: material/router-wireless
 description: These alternative operating systems can be used to secure your router or Wi-Fi access point.
-cover: router.png
 ---
 Below are a few alternative operating systems, that can be used on routers, Wi-Fi access points, etc.

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Recommended Search Engines: Anonymous Google Alternatives - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Search Engines"
 icon: material/search-web
 description: These privacy-respecting search engines don't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
-cover: search-engines.png
 ---
 Use a search engine that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches.

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "The Best Privacy Tools, Services, and Ad-Free Recommendations - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Privacy Tools"
 icon: material/tools
 hide:
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Mullvad Browser logo](assets/img/browsers/mullvad_browser.svg){ .twemoji } [Mullvad Browser](desktop-browsers.md#mullvad-browser)
 - ![Firefox logo](assets/img/browsers/firefox.svg){ .twemoji } [Firefox](desktop-browsers.md#firefox)
 - ![Brave logo](assets/img/browsers/brave.svg){ .twemoji } [Brave](desktop-browsers.md#brave)

@@ -70,6 +68,61 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o

 [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md#adguard)

+## Operating Systems
+
+### Mobile
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [GrapheneOS](android.md#grapheneos)
+- ![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ .twemoji } [DivestOS](android.md#divestos)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md)
+
+#### Android Apps
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ .twemoji } [Aurora Store (Google Play Client)](android.md#aurora-store)
+- ![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/mini/shelter.svg){ .twemoji } [Shelter (Work Profiles)](android.md#shelter)
+- ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Auditor (Supported Devices)](android.md#auditor)
+- ![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure Camera](android.md#secure-camera)
+- ![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure PDF Viewer](android.md#secure-pdf-viewer)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md#general-apps)
+
+### Desktop/PC
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Qubes OS logo](assets/img/qubes/qubes_os.svg){ .twemoji } [Qubes OS (Xen VM Distribution)](desktop.md#qubes-os)
+- ![Fedora logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-workstation.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Workstation](desktop.md#fedora-workstation)
+- ![openSUSE Tumbleweed logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/opensuse-tumbleweed.svg){ .twemoji } [OpenSUSE Tumbleweed](desktop.md#opensuse-tumbleweed)
+- ![Arch logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/archlinux.svg){ .twemoji } [Arch Linux](desktop.md#arch-linux)
+- ![Fedora Silverblue logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-silverblue.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Silverblue & Kinoite](desktop.md#fedora-silverblue)
+- ![nixOS logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/nixos.svg){ .twemoji } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
+- ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ .twemoji } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
+- ![Tails logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/tails.svg){ .twemoji } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](desktop.md)
+
+### Router Firmware
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [OpenWrt](router.md#openwrt)
+- ![OPNsense logo](assets/img/router/opnsense.svg){ .twemoji } [OPNsense](router.md#opnsense)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](router.md)
+
 ## Service Providers

 ### Cloud Storage
@@ -119,7 +172,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 - ![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
 - ![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
- ![Skiff Mail logo](assets/img/email/skiff-mail.svg){ .twemoji } [Skiff Mail](email.md#skiff-mail)
+- ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [StartMail](email.md#startmail)
 - ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/email/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](email.md#tutanota)

 </div>
@@ -154,7 +207,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Privacy.com](financial-services.md#privacycom-us)
+- ![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Privacy.com](financial-services.md#privacycom-us-free)
 - ![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [MySudo](financial-services.md#mysudo-us-paid)
 </div>

@@ -164,6 +217,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

+- ![Cake Pay logo](assets/img/financial-services/cakepay.svg){ .twemoji } [Cake Pay](financial-services.md#cake-pay)
 - ![CoinCards logo](assets/img/financial-services/coincards.svg){ .twemoji } [CoinCards](financial-services.md#coincards)

 </div>
@@ -197,9 +251,9 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton VPN](vpn.md#proton-vpn)
 - ![IVPN logo](assets/img/vpn/mini/ivpn.svg){ .twemoji } [IVPN](vpn.md#ivpn)
 - ![Mullvad logo](assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg){ .twemoji } [Mullvad](vpn.md#mullvad)
+- ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton VPN](vpn.md#proton-vpn)

 </div>

@@ -222,7 +276,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Monero logo](assets/img/cryptocurrency/monero.svg){ .twemoji } [Monero](cryptocurrency.md#monero)
+- ![Monero logo](assets/img/cryptocurrency/monero.svg){ .twemoji }[Monero](cryptocurrency.md#monero)

 </div>

@@ -301,8 +355,8 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 - ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ .twemoji } [Send](file-sharing.md#send)
 - ![OnionShare logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/onionshare.svg){ .twemoji } [OnionShare](file-sharing.md#onionshare)
 - ![FreedomBox logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg){ .twemoji } [FreedomBox](file-sharing.md#freedombox)
- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](file-sharing.md#nextcloud-client-server)
- ![Syncthing logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/syncthing.svg){ .twemoji } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing-p2p)
+- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
+- ![Syncthing logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/syncthing.svg){ .twemoji } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing)

 </div>

@@ -312,6 +366,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

+- ![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Librarian (LBRY, Web)](frontends.md#librarian)
 - ![Nitter logo](assets/img/frontends/nitter.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitter (Twitter, Web)](frontends.md#nitter)
 - ![FreeTube logo](assets/img/frontends/freetube.svg){ .twemoji } [FreeTube (YouTube, Desktop)](frontends.md#freetube)
 - ![Yattee logo](assets/img/frontends/yattee.svg){ .twemoji } [Yattee (YouTube; iOS, tvOS, macOS)](frontends.md#yattee)
@@ -330,7 +385,8 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 - ![YubiKeys](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/yubico.svg){ .twemoji } [YubiKey](multi-factor-authentication.md#yubikey)
 - ![Nitrokey](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/nitrokey.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitrokey](multi-factor-authentication.md#nitrokey)
- ![Aegis logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/aegis.png){ .twemoji } [Aegis Authenticator (Android)](multi-factor-authentication.md#aegis-authenticator-android)
+- ![Aegis logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/aegis.png){ .twemoji } [Aegis Authenticator](multi-factor-authentication.md#aegis-authenticator)
+- ![Raivo OTP logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/raivo-otp.png){ .twemoji } [Raivo OTP](multi-factor-authentication.md#raivo-otp)

 </div>

@@ -341,7 +397,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

 - ![Akregator logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/akregator.svg){ .twemoji } [Akregator](news-aggregators.md#akregator)
- ![Feeder logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/feeder.png){ .twemoji} [Feeder (Android)](news-aggregators.md#feeder)
+- ![Feeder logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/feeder.png){ .twemoji} [Feeder](news-aggregators.md#feeder)
 - ![Fluent Reader logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/fluent-reader.svg){ .twemoji } [Fluent Reader](news-aggregators.md#fluent-reader)
 - ![GNOME Feeds logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/gfeeds.svg){ .twemoji } [GNOME Feeds](news-aggregators.md#gnome-feeds)
 - ![Miniflux logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/miniflux.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Miniflux logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/miniflux-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Miniflux](news-aggregators.md#miniflux)
@@ -356,9 +412,8 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Standard Notes logo](assets/img/notebooks/standard-notes.svg){ .twemoji } [Standard Notes](notebooks.md#standard-notes)
- ![Notesnook logo](assets/img/notebooks/notesnook.svg){ .twemoji } [Notesnook](notebooks.md#notesnook)
 - ![Joplin logo](assets/img/notebooks/joplin.svg){ .twemoji } [Joplin](notebooks.md#joplin)
+- ![Standard Notes logo](assets/img/notebooks/standard-notes.svg){ .twemoji } [Standard Notes](notebooks.md#standard-notes)
 - ![Cryptee logo](assets/img/notebooks/cryptee.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Cryptee logo](assets/img/notebooks/cryptee-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Cryptee](notebooks.md#cryptee)
 - ![Org-mode logo](assets/img/notebooks/org-mode.svg){ .twemoji } [Org-mode](notebooks.md#org-mode)

@@ -410,58 +465,12 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b

 [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](real-time-communication.md)

-## Operating Systems
-
-### Mobile
+### Video Streaming Clients

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [GrapheneOS](android.md#grapheneos)
- ![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ .twemoji } [DivestOS](android.md#divestos)
+- ![LBRY logo](assets/img/video-streaming/lbry.svg){ .twemoji } [LBRY](video-streaming.md#lbry)

 </div>

-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md)
-
-#### Android Apps
-
-<div class="grid cards" markdown>
-
- ![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ .twemoji } [Aurora Store (Google Play Client)](android.md#aurora-store)
- ![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/mini/shelter.svg){ .twemoji } [Shelter (Work Profiles)](android.md#shelter)
- ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Auditor (Supported Devices)](android.md#auditor)
- ![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure Camera](android.md#secure-camera)
- ![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure PDF Viewer](android.md#secure-pdf-viewer)
-
-</div>
-
-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md#general-apps)
-
-### Desktop/PC
-
-<div class="grid cards" markdown>
-
- ![Qubes OS logo](assets/img/qubes/qubes_os.svg){ .twemoji } [Qubes OS (Xen VM Distribution)](desktop.md#qubes-os)
- ![Fedora logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-workstation.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Workstation](desktop.md#fedora-workstation)
- ![openSUSE Tumbleweed logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/opensuse-tumbleweed.svg){ .twemoji } [OpenSUSE Tumbleweed](desktop.md#opensuse-tumbleweed)
- ![Arch logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/archlinux.svg){ .twemoji } [Arch Linux](desktop.md#arch-linux)
- ![Fedora Silverblue logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-silverblue.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Silverblue & Kinoite](desktop.md#fedora-silverblue)
- ![nixOS logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/nixos.svg){ .twemoji } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
- ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ .twemoji } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
- ![Tails logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/tails.svg){ .twemoji } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
- ![Kicksecure logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/kicksecure.svg){ .twemoji } [Kicksecure](desktop.md#kicksecure)
-
-</div>
-
-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](desktop.md)
-
-### Router Firmware
-
-<div class="grid cards" markdown>
-
- ![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [OpenWrt](router.md#openwrt)
- ![OPNsense logo](assets/img/router/opnsense.svg){ .twemoji } [OPNsense](router.md#opnsense)
-
-</div>
-
-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](router.md)
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](video-streaming.md)
@@ -1,26 +1,7 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Tor Browser and Network: Anonymous Web Browsing - Privacy Guides"
 title: "Tor Network"
 icon: simple/torproject
 description: Protect your internet browsing from prying eyes by using the Tor network, a secure network which circumvents censorship.
-cover: tor.png
-schema:
-  - 
-    "@context": http://schema.org
-    "@type": SoftwareApplication
-    name: Tor Browser
-    image: /assets/img/browsers/tor.svg
-    url: https://www.torproject.org
-    sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(network)
-    applicationCategory: Web Browser
-    operatingSystem:
-      - Windows
-      - macOS
-      - Linux
-      - Android
-    subjectOf:
-      "@type": WebPage
-      url: "./"
 ---

 ![Tor logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/tor.svg){ align=right }
@@ -62,6 +43,7 @@ There are a variety of ways to connect to the Tor network from your device, the
        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/security/tor)

 !!! danger

@@ -89,7 +71,7 @@ The Tor Browser is designed to prevent fingerprinting, or identifying you based
        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/orbot/id1609461599)
        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/guardianproject/orbot/releases)

-We previously recommended enabling the *Isolate Destination Address* preference in Orbot settings. While this setting can theoretically improve privacy by enforcing the use of a different circuit for each IP address you connect to, it doesn't provide a practical advantage for most applications (especially web browsing), can come with a significant performance penalty, and increases the load on the Tor network. We no longer recommend adjusting this setting from its default value unless you know you need to.[^1]
+For resistance against traffic analysis attacks, consider enabling *Isolate Destination Address* in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Connectivity**. This will use a completely different Tor Circuit (different middle relay and exit nodes) for every domain you connect to.

 !!! tip "Tips for Android"

@@ -117,12 +99,19 @@ We previously recommended enabling the *Isolate Destination Address* preference
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitweb.torproject.org/pluggable-transports/snowflake.git/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }

-You can enable Snowflake in your browser by opening it in another tab and turning the switch on. You can leave it running in the background while you browse to contribute your connection. We don't recommend installing Snowflake as a browser extension; adding third-party extensions can increase your attack surface.
+    ??? downloads

-[Run Snowflake in your Browser :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html){ .md-button }
+        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/torproject-snowflake/)
+        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/snowflake/mafpmfcccpbjnhfhjnllmmalhifmlcie)
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed "Leave this page open to be a Snowflake proxy")
+
+??? tip "Embedded Snowflake"
+
+    You can enable Snowflake in your browser by clicking the switch below and ==leaving this page open==. You can also install Snowflake as a browser extension to have it always run while your browser is open, however adding third-party extensions can increase your attack surface.
+
+    <center><iframe src="https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html" width="320" height="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></center>
+    <small>If the embed does not appear for you, ensure you are not blocking the third-party frame from `torproject.org`. Alternatively, visit [this page](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html).</small>

 Snowflake does not increase your privacy in any way, nor is it used to connect to the Tor network within your personal browser. However, if your internet connection is uncensored, you should consider running it to help people in censored networks achieve better privacy themselves. There is no need to worry about which websites people are accessing through your proxy—their visible browsing IP address will match their Tor exit node, not yours.

 Running a Snowflake proxy is low-risk, even moreso than running a Tor relay or bridge which are already not particularly risky endeavours. However, it does still proxy traffic through your network which can be impactful in some ways, especially if your network is bandwidth-limited. Make sure you understand [how Snowflake works](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/home) before deciding whether to run a proxy.
-
-[^1]: The `IsolateDestAddr` setting is discussed on the [Tor mailing list](https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-talk/2012-May/024403.html) and [Whonix's Stream Isolation documentation](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Stream_Isolation), where both projects suggest that it is usually not a good approach for most people.
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "Video Streaming"
+icon: material/video-wireless
+description: These networks allow you to stream internet content without building an advertising profile based on your interests.
+---
+The primary threat when using a video streaming platform is that your streaming habits and subscription lists could be used to profile you. You should combine these tools with a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org/) to make it harder to profile your usage.
+
+## LBRY
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![LBRY logo](assets/img/video-streaming/lbry.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **The LBRY network** is a decentralized video sharing network. It uses a [BitTorrent](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent)-like network to store the video content, and a [blockchain](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain) to store the indexes for those videos. The main benefit of this design is censorship resistance.
+
+    **The LBRY desktop client** helps you stream videos from the LBRY network and stores your subscription list in your own LBRY wallet.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://lbry.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://lbry.com/privacypolicy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://lbry.com/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/lbryio/lbry-desktop){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://lbry.com/windows)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://lbry.com/osx)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://lbry.com/linux)
+
+!!! note
+
+    Only the **LBRY desktop client** is recommended, as the [Odysee](https://odysee.com) website and the LBRY clients in F-Droid, Play Store, and the App Store have mandatory synchronization and telemetry.
+
+!!! warning
+
+    While watching and hosting videos, your IP address is visible to the LBRY network. Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](https://www.torproject.org) if your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires hiding your IP address.
+
+We recommend **against** synchronizing your wallet with LBRY Inc., as synchronizing encrypted wallets is not supported yet. If you synchronize your wallet with LBRY Inc., you have to trust them to not look at your subscription list, [LBC](https://lbry.com/faq/earn-credits) funds, or take control of your channel.
+
+You can disable *Save hosting data to help the LBRY network* option in :gear: **Settings** → **Advanced Settings**, to avoid exposing your IP address and watched videos when using LBRY for a prolonged period of time.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Must not require a centralized account to view videos.
+    - Decentralized authentication, such as via a mobile wallet's private key is acceptable.
@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 ---
-meta_title: "Private VPN Service Recommendations and Comparison, No Sponsors or Ads - Privacy Guides"
 title: "VPN Services"
 icon: material/vpn
 description: These are the best VPN services for protecting your privacy and security online. Find a provider here that isn’t out to spy on you.
-cover: vpn.png
 ---

 If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:

 <div class="grid cards" markdown>

- ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton VPN](#proton-vpn)
 - ![IVPN logo](assets/img/vpn/mini/ivpn.svg){ .twemoji } [IVPN](#ivpn)
 - ![Mullvad logo](assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg){ .twemoji } [Mullvad](#mullvad)
+- ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton VPN](#proton-vpn)

 </div>

@@ -32,70 +30,6 @@ If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi ne

 Our recommended providers use encryption, accept Monero, support WireGuard & OpenVPN, and have a no logging policy. Read our [full list of criteria](#criteria) for more information.

-### Proton VPN
-
-!!! recommendation annotate
-
-    ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ align=right }
-
-    **Proton VPN** is a strong contender in the VPN space, and they have been in operation since 2016. Proton AG is based in Switzerland and offers a limited free tier, as well as a more featured premium option.
-
-    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://protonvpn.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://protonvpn.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://protonvpn.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonVPN){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-    ??? downloads
-
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android)
-        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1437005085)
-        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases)
-        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://protonvpn.com/download-windows)
-        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/)
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } 68 Countries
-
-Proton VPN has [servers in 68 countries](https://protonvpn.com/vpn-servers).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
-{ .annotate }
-
-1. Last checked: 2023-07-28
-
-We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Independently Audited
-
-As of January 2020, Proton VPN has undergone an independent audit by SEC Consult. SEC Consult found some medium and low risk vulnerabilities in Proton VPN's Windows, Android, and iOS applications, all of which were "properly fixed" by Proton VPN before the reports were published. None of the issues identified would have provided an attacker remote access to your device or traffic. You can view individual reports for each platform at [protonvpn.com](https://protonvpn.com/blog/open-source/). In April 2022 Proton VPN underwent [another audit](https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit/) and the report was [produced by Securitum](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/securitum-protonvpn-nologs-20220330.pdf). A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton VPN's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Open-Source Clients
-
-Proton VPN provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ProtonVPN).
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Accepts Cash
-
-Proton VPN, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards, PayPal, and [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), also accepts **cash/local currency** as an anonymous form of payment.
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } WireGuard Support
-
-Proton VPN mostly supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Additionally, WireGuard aims to be simpler and more performant.
-
-Proton VPN [recommends](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. On Proton VPN's Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Android TV apps, WireGuard is the default protocol; however, [support](https://protonvpn.com/support/how-to-change-vpn-protocols/) for the protocol is not present in their Linux app.
-
-#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Remote Port Forwarding
-
-Proton VPN currently only supports ephemeral remote [port forwarding](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding/) via NAT-PMP, with 60 second lease times. The Windows app provides an easy to access option for it, while on other operating systems you'll need to run your own [NAT-PMP client](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding-manual-setup/). Torrent applications often support NAT-PMP natively.
-
-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Mobile Clients
-
-In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, Proton VPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/protonvpn-fast-secure-vpn/id1437005085), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android&hl=en_US), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
-
-#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Additional Functionality
-
-Proton VPN clients support two factor authentication on all platforms except Linux at the moment. Proton VPN has their own servers and datacenters in Switzerland, Iceland and Sweden. They offer adblocking and known malware domains blocking with their DNS service. Additionally, Proton VPN also offers "Tor" servers allowing you to easily connect to onion sites, but we still strongly recommend using [the official Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) for this purpose.
-
-#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Killswitch feature is broken on Intel-based Macs
-
-System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-switch/) on Intel-based Macs when using the VPN killswitch. If you require this feature, and you are using a Mac with Intel chipset, you should consider using another VPN service.
-
 ### IVPN

 !!! recommendation
@@ -111,8 +45,7 @@ System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-swit

    ??? downloads
    
-        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ivpn.client)
-        - [:octicons-moon-16: Accrescent](https://accrescent.app/app/net.ivpn.client)
+        - [:simple-android: Android](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-android/)
        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683)
        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-windows/)
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-macos/)
@@ -123,7 +56,7 @@ System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-swit
 IVPN has [servers in 35 countries](https://www.ivpn.net/server-locations).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
 { .annotate }

-1. Last checked: 2023-07-28
+1. Last checked: 2022-09-16

 We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).

@@ -145,9 +78,9 @@ IVPN supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) i

 IVPN [recommends](https://www.ivpn.net/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service and, as such, the protocol is the default on all of IVPN's apps. IVPN also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).

-#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Remote Port Forwarding
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Remote Port Forwarding

-IVPN previously supported port forwarding, but removed the option in [June 2023](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/gradual-removal-of-port-forwarding). Missing this feature could negatively impact certain applications, especially peer-to-peer applications like torrent clients.
+Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is possible with a Pro plan. Port forwarding [can be activated](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/81/How-do-I-activate-port-forwarding.html) via the client area. Port forwarding is only available on IVPN when using WireGuard or OpenVPN protocols and is [disabled on US servers](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/116/Port-forwarding-is-not-working-why.html).

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Mobile Clients

@@ -180,12 +113,12 @@ IVPN clients support two factor authentication (Mullvad's clients do not). IVPN
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://mullvad.net/en/download/macos/)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://mullvad.net/en/download/linux/)

-#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } 43 Countries
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } 41 Countries

-Mullvad has [servers in 43 countries](https://mullvad.net/servers/).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
+Mullvad has [servers in 41 countries](https://mullvad.net/servers/).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
 { .annotate }

-1. Last checked: 2023-07-28
+1. Last checked: 2023-01-19

 We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).

@@ -217,11 +150,11 @@ Mullvad [recommends](https://mullvad.net/en/help/why-wireguard/) the use of Wire

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } IPv6 Support

-Mullvad allows you to [access services hosted on IPv6](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/), as opposed to other providers which block IPv6 connections.
+Mullvad supports the future of networking [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). Their network allows you to [access services hosted on IPv6](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/) as opposed to other providers who block IPv6 connections.

-#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Remote Port Forwarding
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Remote Port Forwarding

-Mullvad previously supported port forwarding, but removed the option in [May 2023](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2023/5/29/removing-the-support-for-forwarded-ports/). Missing this feature could negatively impact certain applications, especially peer-to-peer applications like torrent clients.
+Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is allowed for people who make one-time payments, but not allowed for accounts with a recurring/subscription-based payment method. This is to prevent Mullvad from being able to identify you based on your port usage and stored subscription information. See [Port forwarding with Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net/help/port-forwarding-and-mullvad/) for more information.

 #### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Mobile Clients

@@ -231,6 +164,70 @@ Mullvad has published [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id14884

 Mullvad is very transparent about which nodes they [own or rent](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). They use [ShadowSocks](https://shadowsocks.org/) in their ShadowSocks + OpenVPN configuration, making them more resistant against firewalls with [Deep Packet Inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) trying to block VPNs. Supposedly, [China has to use a different method to block ShadowSocks servers](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/22). Mullvad's website is also accessible via Tor at [o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion).

+### Proton VPN
+
+!!! recommendation annotate
+
+    ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Proton VPN** is a strong contender in the VPN space, and they have been in operation since 2016. Proton AG is based in Switzerland and offers a limited free tier, as well as a more featured premium option.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://protonvpn.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://protonvpn.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://protonvpn.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonVPN){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1437005085)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://protonvpn.com/download-windows)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/)
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } 67 Countries
+
+Proton VPN has [servers in 67 countries](https://protonvpn.com/vpn-servers).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
+{ .annotate }
+
+1. Last checked: 2022-09-16
+
+We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Independently Audited
+
+As of January 2020, Proton VPN has undergone an independent audit by SEC Consult. SEC Consult found some medium and low risk vulnerabilities in Proton VPN's Windows, Android, and iOS applications, all of which were "properly fixed" by Proton VPN before the reports were published. None of the issues identified would have provided an attacker remote access to your device or traffic. You can view individual reports for each platform at [protonvpn.com](https://protonvpn.com/blog/open-source/). In April 2022 Proton VPN underwent [another audit](https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit/) and the report was [produced by Securitum](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/securitum-protonvpn-nologs-20220330.pdf). A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton VPN's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Open-Source Clients
+
+Proton VPN provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ProtonVPN).
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Accepts Cash
+
+Proton VPN, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards, PayPal, and [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), also accepts **cash/local currency** as an anonymous form of payment.
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } WireGuard Support
+
+Proton VPN mostly supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Additionally, WireGuard aims to be simpler and more performant.
+
+Proton VPN [recommends](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. On Proton VPN's Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Android TV apps, WireGuard is the default protocol; however, [support](https://protonvpn.com/support/how-to-change-vpn-protocols/) for the protocol is not present in their Linux app.
+
+#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Remote Port Forwarding
+
+Proton VPN currently only supports remote [port forwarding](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding/) on Windows, which may impact some applications. Especially Peer-to-peer applications like Torrent clients.
+
+#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Mobile Clients
+
+In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, Proton VPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/protonvpn-fast-secure-vpn/id1437005085), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android&hl=en_US), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
+
+#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Additional Functionality
+
+Proton VPN clients support two factor authentication on all platforms except Linux at the moment. Proton VPN has their own servers and datacenters in Switzerland, Iceland and Sweden. They offer adblocking and known malware domains blocking with their DNS service. Additionally, Proton VPN also offers "Tor" servers allowing you to easily connect to onion sites, but we still strongly recommend using [the official Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) for this purpose.
+
+#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Killswitch feature is broken on Intel-based Macs
+
+System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-switch/) on Intel-based Macs when using the VPN killswitch. If you require this feature, and you are using a Mac with Intel chipset, you should consider using another VPN service.
+
 ## Criteria

 !!! danger
@@ -279,13 +276,13 @@ A VPN is pointless if it can't even provide adequate security. We require all ou
 **Minimum to Qualify:**

 - Strong Encryption Schemes: OpenVPN with SHA-256 authentication; RSA-2048 or better handshake; AES-256-GCM or AES-256-CBC data encryption.
- Forward Secrecy.
+- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
 - Published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.

 **Best Case:**

 - Strongest Encryption: RSA-4096.
- Forward Secrecy.
+- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
 - Comprehensive published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.
 - Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.

@@ -313,7 +310,7 @@ With the VPN providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.
 Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:

 - Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
-    - Reusing personal information (e.g., email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc.) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
+    - Reusing personal information (e.g., email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
    - [Browser fingerprinting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)
 - Claim that a single circuit VPN is "more anonymous" than Tor, which is a circuit of three or more hops that regularly changes.
 - Use responsible language: i.e., it is okay to say that a VPN is "disconnected" or "not connected", however claiming that someone is "exposed", "vulnerable" or "compromised" is needless use of alarming language that may be incorrect. For example, that person might simply be on another VPN provider's service or using Tor.
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - feedback
+meta:
+  - 
+    property: "robots"
+    content: "noindex, nofollow"
+---
+
+# 404 - غير متوفر
+
+لم نتمكن من العثور على الصفحة التي تبحث عنها! ربما كنت تبحث عن واحد من هؤلاء؟
+
+- [مقدمة إلى نمذجة التهديدات](basics/threat-modeling.md)
+- [خوادِم DNS الموصى بها](dns.md)
+- [أفضل متصفحات الويب للكمبيوتر](desktop-browsers.md)
+- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
+- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
jonah	0ad0f31086	Correct configuration	2023-03-27 10:22:23 -05:00
Ikel Atomig	778cd6c22b	Changes as per Forum discussion - 1 This is done with respect to comment by 128bitpotato - https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/windows-guide/250/81	2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00
Ikel Atomig	10e58c21ff	1st Draft of PR. This is refresh commit made due to merge conflicts that came when trying to sync the fork	2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`../../../../../theme/assets/brand/WOFF/bagnard/Bagnard.woff`