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3 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
0ad0f31086 Correct configuration 2023-03-27 10:22:23 -05:00
Ikel Atomig
778cd6c22b Changes as per Forum discussion - 1
This is done with respect to comment by 128bitpotato - https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/windows-guide/250/81
2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00
Ikel Atomig
10e58c21ff 1st Draft of PR.
This is refresh commit made due to merge conflicts that came when trying to sync the fork
2023-03-27 10:13:25 -05:00
2231 changed files with 225961 additions and 9548 deletions

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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/python
{
"name": "Privacy Guides",
"image": "ghcr.io/squidfunk/mkdocs-material:9.5.17",
"forwardPorts": [8000],
"postCreateCommand": "git submodule init; git submodule update theme/assets/brand; mkdocs serve --dev-addr=0.0.0.0:8000 --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml"
}

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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/python
{
"name": "Privacy Guides Team",
"image": "ghcr.io/privacyguides/privacyguides.org:main",
"forwardPorts": [8000],
"postCreateCommand": "git submodule init; git submodule update theme/assets/brand; MKDOCS_INHERIT=mkdocs-production.yml mkdocs serve --dev-addr=0.0.0.0:8000 --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml"
}

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@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
# EditorConfig is awesome: https://EditorConfig.org
# top-most EditorConfig file
root = true
# Unix-style newlines with a newline ending every file
[*]
charset = utf-8
indent_style = space
indent_size = 2
end_of_line = lf
insert_final_newline = true
trim_trailing_whitespace = true
[{*.caddy,*.example-caddy,Caddyfile}]
charset = utf-8
indent_style = tab
tab_width = 4

25
.github/CODEOWNERS vendored
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@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
# Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
# Additional Co-Owners are added to the TOP of this file
# High-traffic pages
/docs/index.md @jonaharagon @dngray
/docs/index.en.md @jonaharagon @dngray
/theme/overrides/ @jonaharagon
# Org
@@ -13,3 +35,4 @@ README.md @jonaharagon @dngray
/Pipfile @jonaharagon
/Pipfile.lock @jonaharagon
/.github/ @jonaharagon
/.well-known/ @jonaharagon

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@@ -22,17 +22,18 @@ name: "Content Correction"
description: Report any inaccurate, incorrect, or outdated information on the website.
labels: ["t:correction"]
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
This form is for reporting verifiable issues with our website.
If you simply disagree with an opinion on the website, please open a discussion [on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) instead.
This form is for reporting verifiable issues with our website.
If you simply disagree with an opinion on the website, please open a discussion [on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) instead.
- type: input
attributes:
label: Affected page
description: Please let us know which page the incorrect information can be found on.
placeholder: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/data-redaction"
placeholder: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/data-redaction/"
validations:
required: true
@@ -61,5 +62,5 @@ body:
options:
- label: I am reporting something that is verifiably incorrect, not a suggestion or opinion.
required: true
- label: I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/coc).
- label: I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/code_of_conduct/).
required: true

View File

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ labels: ["t:bug"]
assignees:
- jonaharagon
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
@@ -31,15 +32,15 @@ body:
This is not the place to report an issue with Matrix, Discourse, or our other hosted services.
If you want us to fix inaccurate information on the website, go back and use the content correction form.
If you want to make another suggestion, please [use our discussion forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) instead.
If you want to make another suggestion, please [use our discussion forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) instead.
- type: textarea
id: description
attributes:
label: Bug description
description: |
Please give a detailed description of the bug.
Explain how the website does not behave as you would expect it to, and be as specific as possible.
Please give a detailed description of the bug.
Explain how the website does not behave as you would expect it to, and be as specific as possible.
If you have found a workaround or a fix for the problem too, please let us know.
validations:
required: true
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ body:
Please list all pages where you've noticed this issue, or let us know if it affects every page on the site.
value: |
-
- type: dropdown
id: browser
attributes:
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ body:
- Safari
- Edge
- Other
- type: dropdown
id: os
attributes:
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ body:
options:
- label: I am reporting something that is broken on the website, not making a suggestion.
required: true
- label: I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/coc).
- label: I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/code_of_conduct/).
required: true
- type: markdown

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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Changes proposed in this PR:
-
-
<!-- SCROLL TO BOTTOM TO AGREE!:
Please use a descriptive title for your PR, it will be included in our changelog!
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Any external relationship can trigger a conflict of interest.
- [ ] I have disclosed any relevant conflicts of interest in my post.
- [ ] I agree to grant Privacy Guides a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license with the right to sublicense such rights through multiple tiers of sublicensees, to reproduce, modify, display, perform, relicense, and distribute my contribution as part of this project.
- [ ] I am the sole author of this work. <!-- Do not check this box if you are not -->
- [ ] I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/coc).
- [ ] I agree to the [Community Code of Conduct](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/code_of_conduct/).
<!-- What's this? When you submit a PR, you keep the Copyright for the work you
are contributing. We need you to agree to the above terms in order for us to

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@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
version: 2
registries:
github-privacyguides:
type: git
url: https://github.com
@@ -28,50 +29,40 @@ registries:
password: ${{secrets.REPO_PAT}}
updates:
# Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
- package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
directory: "/"
schedule:
interval: "monthly"
interval: "daily"
assignees:
- "jonaharagon"
reviewers:
- "jonaharagon"
labels:
- "fix:github_actions"
# Maintain submodules
- package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule"
directory: "/"
registries:
- github-privacyguides
schedule:
interval: "monthly"
interval: "daily"
labels:
- "fix:submodules"
- package-ecosystem: "devcontainers"
# Maintain dependencies for pipenv
- package-ecosystem: "pip"
directory: "/"
insecure-external-code-execution: allow
registries:
- github-privacyguides
schedule:
interval: weekly
- package-ecosystem: "docker"
directory: "/"
schedule:
interval: weekly
# Disabled because some updates tend to remove needed dependencies for some reason
# # Maintain dependencies for pipenv
# - package-ecosystem: "pip"
# directory: "/"
# insecure-external-code-execution: allow
# registries:
# - github-privacyguides
# schedule:
# interval: "daily"
# assignees:
# - "jonaharagon"
# reviewers:
# - "jonaharagon"
# labels:
# - "fix:python"
interval: "daily"
assignees:
- "jonaharagon"
reviewers:
- "jonaharagon"
labels:
- "fix:python"

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@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
#
name: ☁️ Build Container
# Configures this workflow to run every time a change is pushed to the branch called `release`.
on:
push:
branches: ["main"]
release:
types: [published]
workflow_dispatch:
concurrency:
group: container-build
cancel-in-progress: true
permissions:
contents: read
packages: write
# Defines two custom environment variables for the workflow. These are used for the Container registry domain, and a name for the Docker image that this workflow builds.
env:
REGISTRY: ghcr.io
IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
# There is a single job in this workflow. It's configured to run on the latest available version of Ubuntu.
jobs:
submodule:
strategy:
matrix:
repo: [mkdocs-material-insiders, brand]
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/download-repo.yml@main
with:
repo: ${{ matrix.repo }}
secrets:
ACTIONS_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
build-and-push-image:
needs: submodule
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
pattern: repo-*
path: modules
- run: |
rm -rf modules/mkdocs-material
mv modules/repo-mkdocs-material-insiders modules/mkdocs-material
rm -rf theme/assets/brand
mv modules/repo-brand theme/assets/brand
# Uses the `docker/login-action` action to log in to the Container registry registry using the account and password that will publish the packages. Once published, the packages are scoped to the account defined here.
- name: Log in to the Container registry
uses: docker/login-action@v3.1.0
with:
registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
username: ${{ github.actor }}
password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
# This step uses [docker/metadata-action](https://github.com/docker/metadata-action#about) to extract tags and labels that will be applied to the specified image. The `id` "meta" allows the output of this step to be referenced in a subsequent step. The `images` value provides the base name for the tags and labels.
- name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
id: meta
uses: docker/metadata-action@v5.5.1
with:
images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
tags: |
type=ref,event=branch
type=ref,event=tag
type=ref,event=pr
type=sha
flavor: |
latest=${{ github.event_name == 'release' }}
# This step uses the `docker/build-push-action` action to build the image, based on your repository's `Dockerfile`. If the build succeeds, it pushes the image to GitHub Packages.
# It uses the `context` parameter to define the build's context as the set of files located in the specified path. For more information, see "[Usage](https://github.com/docker/build-push-action#usage)" in the README of the `docker/build-push-action` repository.
# It uses the `tags` and `labels` parameters to tag and label the image with the output from the "meta" step.
- name: Build and push Docker image
uses: docker/build-push-action@v5.3.0
with:
context: .
push: true
tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
cleanup:
if: ${{ always() }}
needs: build-and-push-image
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/cleanup.yml@main

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@@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
name: Build Website
on:
workflow_call:
inputs:
config:
type: string
default: build
ref:
required: true
type: string
repo:
required: true
type: string
lang:
type: string
default: en
context:
type: string
default: deploy-preview
continue-on-error:
type: boolean
default: true
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
continue-on-error: ${{ inputs.continue-on-error }}
permissions:
contents: read
steps:
- run: |
echo "GH_TOKEN=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
- if: inputs.config == 'build'
run: |
{
echo "MKDOCS_INHERIT=mkdocs-production.yml"
echo "PRODUCTION=true"
echo "CONTEXT=${{ inputs.context }}"
} >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
- if: inputs.config == 'offline'
run: |
echo "MKDOCS_INHERIT=mkdocs-offline.yml" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
echo "CARDS=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
repository: ${{ inputs.repo }}
ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
persist-credentials: "false"
fetch-depth: 0
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
pattern: repo-*
path: modules
- run: |
rmdir modules/mkdocs-material
mv modules/repo-mkdocs-material-insiders modules/mkdocs-material
rmdir theme/assets/brand
mv modules/repo-brand theme/assets/brand
- if: inputs.lang != 'en'
run: |
cp -rl modules/repo-i18n/i18n .
cp -rl modules/repo-i18n/includes .
cp -rl modules/repo-i18n/theme .
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
cache: "pipenv"
- uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.0.2
id: site_cache_restore
with:
key: site-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-${{ hashfiles('.cache/**') }}
path: .cache
restore-keys: |
site-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-
site-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-
- uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.0.2
id: card_cache_restore
with:
key: card-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.lang }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-${{ hashfiles('config/.cache/plugin/social/manifest.json') }}
path: |
config/.cache/plugin/social/manifest.json
config/.cache/plugin/social/assets
restore-keys: |
card-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.lang }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-
card-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.lang }}-
- run: |
pip install pipenv
pipenv install
sudo apt install pngquant
- uses: falti/dotenv-action@v1.1
with:
path: includes/strings.${{ inputs.lang }}.env
export-variables: true
keys-case: bypass
- run: |
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.${{ inputs.lang }}.yml
pipenv run mkdocs --version
tar -czvf site-${{ inputs.config }}-${{ inputs.lang }}.tar.gz site
- uses: actions/cache/save@v4.0.2
if: steps.site_cache_restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
with:
key: site-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-${{ hashfiles('.cache/**') }}
path: .cache
- uses: actions/cache/save@v4.0.2
if: steps.card_cache_restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
with:
key: card-cache-${{ inputs.repo }}-${{ inputs.lang }}-${{ inputs.ref }}-${{ hashfiles('config/.cache/plugin/social/manifest.json') }}
path: |
config/.cache/plugin/social/manifest.json
config/.cache/plugin/social/assets
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: site-${{ inputs.config }}-${{ inputs.lang }}.tar.gz
path: site-${{ inputs.config }}-${{ inputs.lang }}.tar.gz
offline_package:
if: inputs.config == 'offline' && inputs.lang == 'en'
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
continue-on-error: ${{ inputs.continue-on-error }}
permissions:
contents: read
steps:
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: site-offline-en.tar.gz
- run: |
tar -xzvf site-offline-en.tar.gz
tar -czvf offline.tar.gz site/en
zip -r -q offline.zip site/en
- name: Upload tar.gz file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: offline.tar.gz
path: offline.tar.gz
- name: Upload zip file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: offline.zip
path: offline.zip
- name: Create ZIM File
uses: addnab/docker-run-action@v3
with:
image: ghcr.io/openzim/zim-tools:3.1.3
options: -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/data
run: |
zimwriterfs -w index.html -I assets/brand/logos/png/square/pg-yellow.png -l eng -t "Privacy Guides" -d "Your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online." -c "Privacy Guides" -p "Jonah Aragon" -n "Privacy Guides" -e "https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org" /data/site/en /data/offline-privacy_guides.zim
- name: Upload ZIM file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: offline-privacy_guides.zim
path: offline-privacy_guides.zim

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -18,43 +18,37 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 📦 Manual Test Build
name: 💬 Crowdin Download
on:
workflow_dispatch:
release:
types: [ published ]
permissions:
contents: read
permissions: write-all
jobs:
submodule:
strategy:
matrix:
repo: [mkdocs-material-insiders, brand, i18n]
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/download-repo.yml@main
with:
repo: ${{ matrix.repo }}
secrets:
ACTIONS_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
synchronize-with-crowdin:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
build:
needs: submodule
strategy:
matrix:
lang: [en, es, fr, he, it, nl, ru, zh-Hant]
build: [build, offline]
fail-fast: false
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
with:
config: ${{ matrix.build }}
ref: ${{ github.ref }}
repo: ${{ github.repository }}
lang: ${{ matrix.lang }}
continue-on-error: true
steps:
cleanup:
if: ${{ always() }}
needs: build
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/cleanup.yml@main
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: crowdin action
uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.1
with:
upload_sources: false
upload_translations: false
download_translations: true
localization_branch_name: crowdin/l10n_translations
create_pull_request: true
pull_request_title: 'New Crowdin Translations'
pull_request_body: 'New Crowdin translations by [Crowdin GitHub Action](https://github.com/crowdin/github-action)'
pull_request_base_branch_name: 'main'
config: crowdin.yml
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.REPO_TOKEN }}
CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID }}
CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN }}

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -20,13 +20,10 @@
name: 💬 Crowdin Upload
permissions:
contents: read
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
branches: [main]
branches: [ main ]
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -37,17 +34,18 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: crowdin action
uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.20.2
with:
upload_sources: true
upload_sources_args: "--auto-update --delete-obsolete"
download_translations: false
config: crowdin.yml
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID }}
CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN }}
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: crowdin action
uses: crowdin/github-action@v1.7.1
with:
upload_sources: true
upload_sources_args: '--auto-update --delete-obsolete'
download_translations: false
config: crowdin.yml
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID }}
CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN }}

View File

@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@
name: 🪞 Push to Mirrors
permissions:
contents: read
on: [push, delete, create]
on: [ push, delete, create ]
# Ensures that only one mirror task will run at a time.
concurrency:

101
.github/workflows/pages.yml vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 🛠️ Deploy to GitHub Pages
on:
workflow_dispatch:
release:
types: [published]
# Allow one concurrent deployment
concurrency:
group: "pages"
cancel-in-progress: true
env:
PYTHON_VERSION: 3.8
jobs:
build:
name: Build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
fetch-depth: '0'
ssh-key: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
submodules: 'true'
- name: Pages setup
uses: actions/configure-pages@v3
- name: Python setup
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.8'
- name: Cache files
uses: actions/cache@v3.3.1
with:
key: ${{ github.ref }}
path: .cache
- name: Install Python dependencies
run: |
pip install pipenv
pipenv install
- name: Build website
env:
GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
CARDS: true
run: |
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.he.yml
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.nl.yml
pipenv run mkdocs --version
- name: Package website
uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v1
with:
path: site
deploy:
name: Deploy
needs: build
# Grant GITHUB_TOKEN the permissions required to make a Pages deployment
permissions:
pages: write # to deploy to Pages
id-token: write # to verify the deployment originates from an appropriate source
environment:
name: github-pages
url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
id: deployment
uses: actions/deploy-pages@main

View File

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 📦 PR Preview
on:
pull_request_target:
concurrency:
group: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
cancel-in-progress: true
permissions:
pull-requests: write
contents: read
jobs:
submodule:
strategy:
matrix:
repo:
- name: mkdocs-material-insiders
ref: main
- name: brand
ref: main
- name: i18n
ref: main
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/download-repo.yml@main
with:
repo: ${{ matrix.repo.name }}
secrets:
ACTIONS_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
build:
needs: submodule
strategy:
matrix:
lang: [es, fr, he, it, nl, ru, zh-Hant]
allow-error: [true]
include:
- lang: en
allow-error: false
fail-fast: false
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
with:
ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
repo: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}
lang: ${{ matrix.lang }}
continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.allow-error }}
deploy:
needs: build
permissions:
contents: read
uses: privacyguides/webserver/.github/workflows/deploy-netlify-preview.yml@main
with:
netlify_alias: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
netlify_site_id: ${{ vars.NETLIFY_SITE }}
secrets:
NETLIFY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_TOKEN }}
comment:
permissions:
pull-requests: write
needs: deploy
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
address: ${{ needs.deploy.outputs.address }}
steps:
- uses: thollander/actions-comment-pull-request@v2.5.0
with:
message: |
### <span aria-hidden="true">✅</span> Your preview is ready!
| Name | Link |
| :---: | ---- |
| <span aria-hidden="true">🔨</span> Latest commit | ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }} |
| <span aria-hidden="true">😎</span> Preview | ${{ env.address }} |
comment_tag: deployment
cleanup:
if: ${{ always() }}
needs: build
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/cleanup.yml@main

View File

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2021-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 📦 Release
on:
push:
tags:
- "*"
concurrency:
group: release-deployment
cancel-in-progress: true
permissions:
contents: write
pages: write
id-token: write
deployments: write
jobs:
submodule:
strategy:
matrix:
repo: [mkdocs-material-insiders, brand, i18n]
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/download-repo.yml@main
with:
repo: ${{ matrix.repo }}
secrets:
ACTIONS_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
build:
needs: submodule
strategy:
matrix:
lang: [en, es, fr, he, it, nl, ru, zh-Hant]
build: [build, offline]
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
with:
config: ${{ matrix.build }}
ref: ${{ github.ref }}
repo: ${{ github.repository }}
lang: ${{ matrix.lang }}
context: production
continue-on-error: false
release:
name: Create release notes
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
pattern: offline*
merge-multiple: true
- name: Create release notes
uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
with:
generateReleaseNotes: true
artifacts: "offline.zip,offline.tar.gz,offline-privacy_guides.zim"
makeLatest: true
deploy:
needs: build
uses: privacyguides/webserver/.github/workflows/deploy-all.yml@main
secrets:
NETLIFY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_TOKEN }}
PROD_MINIO_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.PROD_MINIO_KEY_ID }}
PROD_MINIO_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.PROD_MINIO_SECRET_KEY }}
CF_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CF_API_TOKEN }}
CF_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.CF_ACCOUNT_ID }}
CLUSTER_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.CLUSTER_USERNAME }}
CLUSTER_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.CLUSTER_PASSWORD }}
CLOUDFLARE_ZONE: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ZONE }}
CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN }}
cleanup:
if: ${{ always() }}
needs: build
uses: privacyguides/.github/.github/workflows/cleanup.yml@main

106
.github/workflows/release.yml vendored Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 📦 Releases
on:
push:
tags:
- '*'
jobs:
build:
name: Create Release
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
fetch-depth: '0'
ssh-key: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_SSH_KEY }}
submodules: 'true'
- name: Pages setup
uses: actions/configure-pages@v3
- name: Python setup
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.8'
- name: Cache files
uses: actions/cache@v3.3.1
with:
key: ${{ github.ref }}
path: .cache
- name: Install Python dependencies
run: |
pip install pipenv
pipenv install
- name: Build website
env:
GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
CARDS: true
run: |
pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.offline.yml
pipenv run mkdocs --version
- name: Package website
run: |
tar -czvf offline.tar.gz site
zip -r -q offline.zip site
- name: Upload tar.gz file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: offline.tar.gz
path: offline.tar.gz
- name: Upload zip file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: offline.zip
path: offline.zip
- name: Create ZIM File
uses: addnab/docker-run-action@v3
with:
image: openzim/zim-tools:latest
options: -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/data
run: |
zimwriterfs -w index.html -I assets/brand/PNG/Square/pg-yellow.png -l eng -t "Privacy Guides" -d "Your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online." -c "Privacy Guides" -p "Jonah Aragon" -n "Privacy Guides" -e "https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org" /data/site /data/privacy_guides.zim
- name: Upload ZIM file
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: privacy_guides.zim
path: privacy_guides.zim
- name: Create release notes
uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
with:
generateReleaseNotes: true
token: ${{ secrets.REPO_TOKEN }}
artifacts: "offline.zip,offline.tar.gz,privacy_guides.zim"

View File

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
name: 🤖 Linting
permissions:
contents: read
on:
workflow_dispatch:
pull_request:
branches:
- main
push:
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.workflow }}
cancel-in-progress: true
env:
MAIN_BRANCH: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
jobs:
megalinter:
name: MegaLinter
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- if: ${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH }}
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- if: ${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH == 0 }}
uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Configure markdown-link-check
run: |
cat <<EOT >> .markdown-link-check.json
{
"ignorePatterns": [
{
"pattern": "^https://twitter.com"
},
{
"pattern": "^https://reddit.com"
},
{
"pattern": "^#_"
},
{
"pattern": ".onion"
},
{
"pattern": "^https://en.opensuse.org"
},
{
"pattern": "^https://quad9.net"
},
{
"pattern": "^https://dnscrypt.info"
},
{
"pattern": "^https://pipewire.org"
}
],
"replacementPatterns": [
{
"pattern": "^assets/",
"replacement": "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/"
},
{
"pattern": "^(../)*assets/",
"replacement": "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/"
},
{
"pattern": "^/",
"replacement": "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
}
],
"retryOn429": true,
"retryCount": 5,
"aliveStatusCodes": [200, 206, 403]
}
EOT
- id: ml
# You can override MegaLinter flavor used to have faster performances
# More info at https://megalinter.io/flavors/
uses: oxsecurity/megalinter/flavors/documentation@v7.10.0
env:
# All available variables are described in documentation
# https://megalinter.io/configuration/
# Validates all source when push on main, else just the git diff with main.
VALIDATE_ALL_CODEBASE: ${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH }}
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
# ADD YOUR CUSTOM ENV VARIABLES HERE OR DEFINE THEM IN A FILE .mega-linter.yml AT THE ROOT OF YOUR REPOSITORY
DISABLE: COPYPASTE,SPELL,HTML
DISABLE_LINTERS: JSON_JSONLINT,MARKDOWN_MARKDOWN_TABLE_FORMATTER
DISABLE_ERRORS_LINTERS: CSS_STYLELINT,MARKDOWN_MARKDOWN_LINK_CHECK,YAML_YAMLLINT,DOCKERFILE_HADOLINT,REPOSITORY_TRIVY,REPOSITORY_CHECKOV
EDITORCONFIG_EDITORCONFIG_CHECKER_ARGUMENTS: -disable-indentation
ENV_DOTENV_LINTER_ARGUMENTS: "--skip QuoteCharacter"
MARKDOWN_MARKDOWN_LINK_CHECK_FILTER_REGEX_INCLUDE: (docs)
MARKDOWN_MARKDOWNLINT_CONFIG_FILE: .markdownlint.yml
MARKDOWN_MARKDOWNLINT_FILTER_REGEX_EXCLUDE: (PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE\.md)
# Upload MegaLinter artifacts
- name: Archive production artifacts
if: success() || failure()
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: MegaLinter reports
path: |
megalinter-reports
mega-linter.log

25
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,25 +1,2 @@
site
/i18n/
/includes/*
!/includes/*.en.*
/static/i18n/
/theme/overrides/*.*.*
# commit social card fonts to repo
# see: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/6983
# ridiculous hide-and-seek https://stackoverflow.com/a/72380673
.cache/*
!/config/.cache
/config/.cache/*
!/config/.cache/plugin
/config/.cache/plugin/*
!/config/.cache/plugin/social
/config/.cache/plugin/social/*
!/config/.cache/plugin/social/fonts
# Local Netlify folder
.netlify
node_modules
# Python
.venv
.cache

View File

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ ul-indent:
indent: 4
no-inline-html: false
code-block-style: false
no-hard-tabs: true
no-hard-tabs:
spaces-per-tab: 4
emphasis-style:
style: "asterisk"
no-duplicate-header: false

View File

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
3.12

View File

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
{}

View File

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
// IN THE SOFTWARE.
{
"recommendations": [
"EditorConfig.EditorConfig",
"DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint",
"wholroyd.jinja",
"mikestead.dotenv",
"redhat.vscode-yaml",
"ecmel.vscode-html-css",
"yzhang.markdown-all-in-one"
]
}

51
.vscode/settings.json vendored
View File

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
// Copyright (c) 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
// IN THE SOFTWARE.
{
"git.ignoreLimitWarning": true,
"ltex.diagnosticSeverity": "hint",
"editor.unicodeHighlight.ambiguousCharacters": true,
"editor.unicodeHighlight.invisibleCharacters": true,
"editor.defaultFormatter": "DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint",
"[yaml]": {
"editor.defaultFormatter": "redhat.vscode-yaml",
"editor.quickSuggestions": {
"other": true,
"comments": false,
"strings": true
}
},
"yaml.schemas": {
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint/main/schema/markdownlint-config-schema.json": ".markdownlint.yml",
"https://json.schemastore.org/github-issue-config.json": ".github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml",
".vscode/.empty-schema.json": "config/*.yml"
},
"yaml.customTags": [
"!ENV sequence",
"!ENV",
"tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format",
"tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:material.extensions.emoji.twemoji",
"tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:material.extensions.emoji.to_svg"
],
"editor.formatOnSave": true,
"[github-actions-workflow]": {
"editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
}
}

1
Brewfile.netlify Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
brew "pngquant"

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to

View File

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
FROM python:3.12-alpine as base
LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org"
# Setup env
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
ENV LC_ALL C.UTF-8
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER 1
FROM base AS python-deps
# Install pipenv and compilation dependencies
RUN pip install pipenv
RUN \
apk upgrade --update-cache -a \
&& \
apk add --no-cache \
gcc \
libffi-dev \
musl-dev
# Install python dependencies in /.venv
COPY modules/mkdocs-material ./modules/mkdocs-material
COPY Pipfile .
COPY Pipfile.lock .
RUN PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT=1 pipenv install --deploy
FROM base AS runtime
# Install runtime dependencies
RUN \
apk upgrade --update-cache -a \
&& \
apk add --no-cache \
cairo \
freetype-dev \
git \
git-fast-import \
jpeg-dev \
openssh \
pngquant \
tini \
zlib-dev \
libffi-dev \
musl-dev
# Copy virtual env from python-deps stage
COPY --from=python-deps /.venv /.venv
COPY --from=python-deps /modules/mkdocs-material /modules/mkdocs-material
ENV PATH="/.venv/bin:$PATH"
# Create and switch to a new user
RUN mkdir /site
WORKDIR /site
COPY docs docs
COPY theme theme
COPY includes includes
COPY config/*.yml config/
COPY config/layouts config/layouts
COPY config/.cache/plugin/social/fonts config/.cache/plugin/social/fonts
EXPOSE 8000
ENV MKDOCS_INHERIT mkdocs-production.yml
HEALTHCHECK NONE
ENTRYPOINT ["mkdocs"]
CMD ["serve", "--dev-addr=0.0.0.0:8000", "--config-file=config/mkdocs.en.yml"]

View File

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2019 - 2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
Copyright (c) 2020 - 2024 Privacy Guides contributors
Copyright (c) 2019 - 2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
Copyright (c) 2020 - 2023 Privacy Guides contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

17
Pipfile
View File

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
#
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
@@ -24,14 +24,15 @@ verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"
[packages]
mkdocs-material = {extras = ["imaging"], path = "./modules/mkdocs-material"}
mkdocs-material = {path = "./modules/mkdocs-material"}
mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin = "~=1.2"
mkdocs-git-committers-plugin-2 = "~=1.1"
mkdocs-macros-plugin = "~=1.0"
jieba = "~=0.42"
mkdocs-macros-plugin = "~=0.7"
pillow = "~=9.4"
cairosvg = "~=2.7"
[dev-packages]
scour = "~=0.38"
[requires]
python_version = "3.12"
python_version = "3.8"

1386
Pipfile.lock generated

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

103
README.md
View File

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 MD045 -->
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->
<div align="center">
<a href="https://www.privacyguides.org">
<a href="https://www.privacyguides.org/">
<picture>
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/privacyguides/brand/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo-dark.svg">
<img alt="Privacy Guides" width="500px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/privacyguides/brand/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo.svg">
<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/privacyguides/brand/main/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-dark.svg">
<img alt="Privacy Guides" width="500px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/privacyguides/brand/main/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo.svg">
</picture>
</a>
<p><em>Your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.</em></p>
<p><a href="https://discuss.privacyguides.net">
<p><a href="https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/mastodon/follow/109298532634697668?domain=https%3A%2F%2Fmastodon.neat.computer&label=Follow%20%40privacyguides%40neat.computer&style=social">
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/privacy_guides">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/privacy_guides?style=social">
</a>
<a href="https://discuss.privacyguides.net/">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/discourse/users?label=Join%20our%20forum&logo=discourse&server=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscuss.privacyguides.net&style=social">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/stargazers">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/privacyguides?style=social">
</a>
<a href="https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/mastodon/follow/109298532634697668?domain=https%3A%2F%2Fmastodon.neat.computer&label=Follow%20%40privacyguides%40neat.computer&style=social">
</a>
<a href="https://lemmy.one/c/privacyguides">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/lemmy/privacyguides%40lemmy.one?style=social">
</a></p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulls">
@@ -42,65 +42,38 @@
The current list of team members can be found [here](https://www.privacyguides.org/about/#our-team). Additionally, [many people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) have made contributions to the project, and you can too!
*Featured on: [Tweakers](https://tweakers.net/reviews/10568/op-zoek-naar-privacyvriendelijke-tools-niek-de-wilde-van-privacy-guides.html), [The New York Times](https://nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy), and [Wired](https://wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022)*
*Featured on: [Tweakers](https://tweakers.net/reviews/10568/op-zoek-naar-privacyvriendelijke-tools-niek-de-wilde-van-privacy-guides.html), [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy/), and [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022/)*
## Contributing
- 💬 [Start a discussion or suggest an idea](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
- 💬 [Start a discussion or suggest an idea](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
- 💖 [Sponsor the project](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides)
- 🈴 [Help translate the site](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides) [[Matrix chat](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh)]
- 🈴 [Help translate the site](https://crwd.in/privacyguides) [[Matrix chat](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh)]
- 📝 Edit the site, everything's accessible in this repo
- Browse our [open issues](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/issues) to see what needs to be updated
- View the list of [approved topics waiting for a PR](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/tag/approved)
- Read some writing tips in our [style guide](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/meta/writing-style)
- Browse our [open issues](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/issues) to see what needs to be updated
- View some contribution tips on our [contributor's wiki](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/wiki)
All contributors to the site are listed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors). If you make a substantial (i.e. copyright eligible) contribution to the project and would like to be formally credited, you are welcome to include your information in the appropriate `authors` section in [`CITATION.cff`](/CITATION.cff) as well, just submit a PR or ask @jonaharagon to make the change.
## Mirrors
- **GitHub Pages:** [privacyguides.github.io/privacyguides.org](https://privacyguides.github.io/privacyguides.org/en/)
- **Netlify (AWS):** [illustrious-bavarois-56cf30.netlify.app](https://illustrious-bavarois-56cf30.netlify.app/en/)
- **BunnyCDN:** [privacyguides-org-production.b-cdn.net](https://privacyguides-org-production.b-cdn.net/en/)
- **Hetzner:** [direct.privacyguides.org](https://direct.privacyguides.org/en/) (discouraged!)
### Alternative Networks
> [!NOTE]
> Most hidden service providers are not very extensively used or tested, [which is why we strongly recommend Tor](https://www.privacyguides.org/en/tor/). Using other networks could be more likely to endanger your anonymity, so make sure you know what you're doing.
- **Tor/onion:** [xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion](http://www.xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion)
- **IPFS:** `/ipns/ipfs.privacyguides.org` (**not** anonymous)
- Please help us out by pinning a copy: [Learn more](https://github.com/privacyguides/webserver/blob/main/ipfs/README.md)
- via Cloudflare: [cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipns/ipfs.privacyguides.org](https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipns/ipfs.privacyguides.org/en/)
- via 4everland: [ipfs-privacyguides-org.ipns.4everland.io](https://ipfs-privacyguides-org.ipns.4everland.io/)
- via [@jonaharagon](https://github.com/jonaharagon): [ipfs.jonaharagon.net/ipns/ipfs.privacyguides.org](https://ipfs.jonaharagon.net/ipns/ipfs.privacyguides.org/en/)
- via [peer](https://docs.ipfs.tech/how-to/peering-with-content-providers/): `/dnsaddr/node-1.ipfs.jonaharagon.net/p2p/12D3KooWMwqzuApCKxYfo66zq5BrTjCoz9naJ1rrMEBCnwuGGqWB`
- **I2P:** [privacyguides.i2p](http://privacyguides.i2p/?i2paddresshelper=fvbkmooriuqgssrjvbxu7nrwms5zyhf34r3uuppoakwwsm7ysv6q.b32.i2p)
- **Yggdrasil:** [http://[200:f3a6:4922:e067:770d:ac57:fcb1:8dbf]](http://[200:f3a6:4922:e067:770d:ac57:fcb1:8dbf]/en/) (**not** anonymous)
- via public peer: `tcp://5.161.245.8:45454`
### Git Mirrors
[![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=github&label=&message=GitHub&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![Gitea](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=gitea&label=&message=Gitea&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://code.privacyguides.dev/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![GitLab](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=gitlab&label=&message=GitLab&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://gitlab.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![Codeberg](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=codeberg&label=&message=Codeberg&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://codeberg.org/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![Gitea](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=gitea&label=&message=Gitea&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://code.privacyguides.dev/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![Forgejo](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=forgejo&label=&message=Forgejo&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://git.jonaharagon.net/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
[![SourceHut](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?logo=git&label=&message=SourceHut&color=000&style=for-the-badge)](https://git.sr.ht/~jonaharagon/privacyguides.org)
## License
Copyright &copy; 2019 - 2024 [Privacy Guides contributors](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors).
Copyright &copy; 2019 - 2023 [Privacy Guides contributors](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors).
Privacy Guides content is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](/LICENSE), and the underlying source code used to format and display that content on [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org) is licensed under the [MIT License](/LICENSE-CODE).
Generally speaking, **content** can be found in the [`/docs`](/docs), [`/theme/assets/img`](/theme/assets/img) and [`/includes`](/includes) folders; and **source code** and configuration files can be found in the [`/config`](/config) and [`/theme`](/theme) folders, and in the root of this repository. Any source code snippets contained within documentation files are [MIT Licensed](/LICENSE-CODE). Please contact us if you require clarification on any of these terms.
Generally speaking, **content** can be found in the [`/docs`](/docs), [`/theme/assets/img`](/theme/assets/img), [`/includes`](/includes), and [`/i18n`](/i18n) folders; and **source code** and configuration files can be found in the [`/config`](/config) and [`/theme`](/theme) folders, and in the root of this repository. Any source code snippets contained within documentation files are [MIT Licensed](/LICENSE-CODE). Please contact us if you require clarification on any of these terms.
These licenses do not apply to any work where another license is otherwise noted.
**Logos** in the [`/theme/assets/img`](/theme/assets/img) folder may not be original works of Privacy Guides and therefore cannot be (re)licensed by us. We believe that these logos obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
**Logos** in the [`/theme/assets/img`](/theme/assets/img) folder may not be original works of Privacy Guides and therefore cannot be (re)licensed by us. We believe that these logos obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
You may comply with our license terms in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. You **may not** use the Privacy Guides branding in your own project without express approval from this project. Privacy Guides's brand trademarks include the "Privacy Guides" wordmark and shield logo.
@@ -110,46 +83,28 @@ When you contribute to this repository you are doing so under the above licenses
Committing to this repository requires [signing your commits](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits) (`git config commit.gpgsign true`) unless you are making edits via the GitHub.com text editor interface. As of August 2022 the preferred signing method is [SSH commit signatures](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification#ssh-commit-signature-verification), but GPG signing is also acceptable. You should add your signing key to your GitHub profile.
### With `mkdocs-material`
1. Install required packages: `pip install mkdocs-material`
2. Run a local preview of the English site: `mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml`
### With `mkdocs-material-insiders`
This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.
This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. Running this website locally without access to insiders is unsupported. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.
**Team members** should clone the repository with `mkdocs-material-insiders` directly. This method is identical to production:
1. Clone this repository and submodules: `git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git`
2. Enable SSH commit verification with our local [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) file: `git config gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile .allowed_signers`
3. Install Python **3.12**.
3. Install Python **3.8**, this is the only version supported by Netlify.
4. Install **pipenv**: `pip install pipenv`
5. Install dependencies: `pipenv install --dev` (install [Pillow and CairoSVG](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-social-cards/#dependencies) as well to generate social cards)
6. Serve the site locally: `MKDOCS_INHERIT=mkdocs-production.yml pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
- The site will be available at `http://localhost:8000`
- You can build the site locally with `MKDOCS_INHERIT=mkdocs-production.yml pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml`
- You can build the site locally with `pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml`
- This version of the site should be identical to the live, production version
If you commit to `main` with commits signed with your SSH key, you should add your SSH key to [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) in this repo.
### Local Translated Site Builds
1. Install the [Crowdin CLI Tool](https://developer.crowdin.com/cli-tool) (`brew install crowdin`)
2. Set the `CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN` environment variable to your Crowdin personal access token
3. Run `crowdin download` in the root of this repo
4. Import the language's environment variables: `set -a; source includes/strings.fr.env; set +a` (replacing fr with the appropriate language)
5. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml` (replacing fr with the appropriate language in [/config](/config))
Translations downloaded from Crowdin are [.gitignore](/.gitignore)'d, so any local changes to the translated site cannot be committed to this repo. Actual modifications need to be made on Crowdin. As an alternative to steps 1-3, you can copy the folders from [privacyguides/i18n](https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n) to the root of this repo to obtain the translated files.
## Releasing
It is required to create a GitHub release to publish the current site to privacyguides.org. The current `main` branch can be previewed at [https://main.staging.privacyguides.dev](https://main.staging.privacyguides.dev) prior to release.
1. Create a new tag: `git tag -s YYYY.MM.DD -m 'Some message'`
- Tag numbering: `YYYY.MM.DD` - if two+ releases are published on the same day, append short commit sha to next release, e.g. `YYYY.MM.DD-6aa14e8`
- Enable GPG tag signing by default (`git config tag.gpgSign true`) to avoid missing signatures
1. Create a new tag: `git tag -s v3.X.X -m 'Some message'`
- [View existing tags](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tags)
- Tag [numbering](https://semver.org/): Increment the MINOR (2nd) number when making significant changes (adding/deleting pages, etc.), increment the PATCH (3rd) number when making minor changes (typos, bug fixes). Probably leave the MAJOR number at 3 until a massive revamp (v1 -> v2 was the Jekyll to MkDocs transition, v2 -> v3 was the introduction of translations).
- Consider enabling GPG tag signing by default (`git config tag.gpgSign true`) to avoid missing signatures
2. Push the tag to GitHub: `git push --tags`
3. A GitHub Release will be automatically created and deployed to the live site.
- You may wish to manually check or edit the release changelog/title after it is published for accuracy.

86
_redirects Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
# Copyright (c) 2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
/ /en/ 302 Language=en
/ /fr/ 302 Language=fr
/ /he/ 302 Language=he
/ /nl/ 302 Language=nl
/ /en/ 302
/.well-known/matrix/* https://matrix.privacyguides.org/.well-known/matrix/:splat 200
/kb /en/basics/threat-modeling/
/:lang/kb /:lang/basics/threat-modeling/
/coc /en/CODE_OF_CONDUCT/
/license https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tree/main/README.md#license
/team /en/about/
/browsers /en/desktop-browsers/
/blog https://blog.privacyguides.org
/basics/dns-overview /en/advanced/dns-overview/
/basics/tor-overview /en/advanced/tor-overview/
/real-time-communication/communication-network-types /en/advanced/communication-network-types
/advanced/real-time-communication /en/advanced/communication-network-types
/android/overview /en/os/android-overview/
/linux-desktop/overview /en/os/linux-overview/
/android/grapheneos-vs-calyxos https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/
/ios/configuration https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/22/ios-configuration-guide/
/linux-desktop/hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-system-hardening/
/linux-desktop/sandboxing https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-application-sandboxing/
/advanced/signal-configuration-hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/
/real-time-communication/signal-configuration-hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/
/advanced/integrating-metadata-removal https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/09/integrating-metadata-removal/
/advanced/erasing-data https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/
/operating-systems /en/desktop/
/threat-modeling /en/basics/threat-modeling/
/self-contained-networks /en/tor/
/privacy-policy /en/about/privacy-policy/
/metadata-removal-tools /en/data-redaction/
/basics /en/kb
/software/file-encryption /en/encryption/
/providers /en/tools/#service-providers
/software/calendar-contacts /en/calendar/
/calendar-contacts /en/calendar/
/software/metadata-removal-tools /en/data-redaction/
/contact /en/about/
/welcome-to-privacy-guides https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides/
/software/email /en/email-clients/
/providers/paste /en/tools/
/blog/2019/10/05/understanding-vpns https://www.jonaharagon.com/posts/understanding-vpns/
/terms-and-notices /en/about/notices/
/software/networks /en/tor/
/social-news-aggregator /en/news-aggregators/
/basics/erasing-data https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/
/linux-desktop /en/desktop/
/providers/:slug /en/:slug/
/software/:slug /en/:slug/
/blog/* https://blog.privacyguides.org/:splat
/assets/* /en/assets/:splat
/:slug/ /en/:slug/
/about/:slug/ /en/about/:slug/
/advanced/:slug/ /en/advanced/:slug/
/basics/:slug/ /en/basics/:slug/
/meta/:slug/ /en/meta/:slug/
/os/:slug/ /en/os/:slug/

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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../../../theme/assets/brand/fonts

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@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
definitions:
- &background_color >-
#FFD06F
- &color >-
#2d2d2d
- &title_font_family >-
Bagnard
- &font_family >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Suez One
{%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
Noto Sans TC
{%- else -%}
Public Sans
{%- endif -%}
- &page_title >-
{{ config.site_name }}
- &page_title_with_site_name >-
{{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
- &page_description >-
{{ config.extra.privacy_guides.homepage.description }}
- &og_description >-
{{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
- &logo >-
{{ config.docs_dir }}/{{ config.theme.logo }}
# Meta tags
tags:
# Open Graph
og:type: website
og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
og:description: *og_description
og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
# Twitter
twitter:card: summary_large_image
twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
twitter:description: *page_description
twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specification
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Card size and layers
size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
layers:
# Background
- background:
color: *background_color
# Logo
- size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
background:
image: *logo
# Page title
- size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
typography:
content: *page_title
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *title_font_family
style: Bold
# Page description
- size: { width: 864, height: 192 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 320 }
typography:
content: *page_description
overflow: shrink
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *font_family
style: Regular

View File

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
definitions:
- &background_image >-
{%- if page.meta.cover -%}
theme/assets/img/cover/{{ page.meta.cover }}
{%- else -%}
{{ layout.background_image or "" }}
{%- endif -%}
- &background_color >-
{%- if page.meta.cover -%}
#f7f7fcaa
{%- else -%}
#FFD06F
{%- endif -%}
- &color >-
{{ layout.color or "#2d2d2d" }}
- &title_font_family >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Suez One
{%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
Noto Serif TC
{%- else -%}
Bagnard
{%- endif -%}
- &title_font_style >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Regular
{%- else -%}
Bold
{%- endif -%}
- &font_family >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Suez One
{%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
Noto Sans TC
{%- else -%}
Public Sans
{%- endif -%}
- &site_name >-
{{ config.site_name }}
- &page_title >-
{{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
- &page_title_with_site_name >-
{%- if page.meta.meta_title -%}
{{ page.meta.meta_title }}
{%- else -%}
{{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }} - {{ config.site_name }}
{%- endif -%}
- &page_description >-
{{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
- &page_icon >-
{{ page.meta.icon or "" }}
- &logo >-
{%- if page.meta.cover -%}
theme/assets/brand/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext.svg
{%- elif config.theme.logo -%}
{{ config.docs_dir }}/{{ config.theme.logo }}
{%- endif -%}
# Meta tags
tags:
# Open Graph
og:type: website
og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
og:description: *page_description
og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
# Twitter
twitter:card: summary_large_image
twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
twitter:description: *page_description
twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specification
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Card size and layers
size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
layers:
# Background
- background:
image: *background_image
color: *background_color
# Page icon
- size: { width: 630, height: 630 }
offset: { x: 570, y: 0 }
icon:
value: *page_icon
color: "#00000033"
# Logo
- size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
background:
image: *logo
# Site name
- size: { width: 768, height: 42 }
offset: { x: 160, y: 78 }
typography:
content: *site_name
color: *color
font:
family: Bagnard
style: Bold
# Page title
- size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
typography:
content: *page_title
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *title_font_family
style: *title_font_style
# Page description
- size: { width: 864, height: 96 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 480 }
typography:
content: *page_description
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *font_family
style: Regular

View File

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
definitions:
- &background_image >-
{%- if page.meta.cover -%}
theme/assets/img/cover/{{ page.meta.cover }}
{%- else -%}
{{ layout.background_image or "theme/assets/brand/images/png/cover-progress-notext-blur.png" }}
{%- endif -%}
- &background_color >-
#f7f7fcaa
- &color >-
{{ layout.color or "#2d2d2d" }}
- &title_font_family >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Suez One
{%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
Noto Serif TC
{%- else -%}
Bagnard
{%- endif -%}
- &font_family >-
{%- if config.theme.language == "he" -%}
Suez One
{%- elif config.theme.language == ("zh-Hant" or "ru") -%}
Noto Sans TC
{%- else -%}
Public Sans
{%- endif -%}
- &site_name >-
{{ config.site_name }}
- &page_title >-
{{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
- &page_title_with_site_name >-
{%- if page.meta.meta_title -%}
{{ page.meta.meta_title }}
{%- else -%}
{{ page.meta.get("title", page.title) }}
{%- endif -%}
- &page_description >-
{{ page.meta.get("description", config.site_description) or "" }}
- &page_icon >-
{{ page.meta.icon or "" }}
- &logo >-
theme/assets/brand/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext.svg
# Meta tags
tags:
# Open Graph
og:type: website
og:title: *page_title_with_site_name
og:description: *page_description
og:image: "{{ image.url }}"
og:image:type: "{{ image.type }}"
og:image:width: "{{ image.width }}"
og:image:height: "{{ image.height }}"
og:url: "{{ page.canonical_url }}"
# Twitter
twitter:card: summary_large_image
twitter.title: *page_title_with_site_name
twitter:description: *page_description
twitter:image: "{{ image.url }}"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specification
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Card size and layers
size: { width: 1200, height: 630 }
layers:
# Background
- background:
image: *background_image
color: *background_color
# Page icon
- size: { width: 630, height: 630 }
offset: { x: 570, y: 0 }
icon:
value: *page_icon
color: "#00000033"
# Logo
- size: { width: 64, height: 64 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 64 }
background:
image: *logo
# Site name
- size: { width: 768, height: 42 }
offset: { x: 160, y: 78 }
typography:
content: *site_name
color: *color
font:
family: Bagnard
style: Bold
# Page title
- size: { width: 864, height: 256 }
offset: { x: 62, y: 192 }
typography:
content: *page_title
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *title_font_family
style: Bold
# Page description
- size: { width: 864, height: 96 }
offset: { x: 64, y: 480 }
typography:
content: *page_description
align: start
color: *color
line:
amount: 3
height: 1.5
font:
family: *font_family
style: Regular

View File

@@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
docs_dir: "../docs"
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
site_dir: "../site"
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description:
!ENV [
SITE_DESCRIPTION,
"Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.",
]
edit_uri_template: blob/main/docs/{path}?plain=1
extra:
generator: false
context: !ENV [CONTEXT, "production"]
deploy: !ENV DEPLOY_ID
privacy_guides:
footer:
intro:
!ENV [
FOOTER_INTRO,
"Privacy Guides is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.",
]
note:
!ENV [
FOOTER_NOTE,
"We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.",
]
copyright:
author:
!ENV [FOOTER_COPYRIGHT_AUTHOR, "Privacy Guides and contributors."]
date: !ENV [FOOTER_COPYRIGHT_DATE, "2019-2024"]
license:
- fontawesome/brands/creative-commons
- fontawesome/brands/creative-commons-by
- fontawesome/brands/creative-commons-nd
analytics: !ENV [FOOTER_ANALYTICS, "Anonymous statistics preferences."]
homepage:
description:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_DESCRIPTION,
"A socially motivated website which provides information about protecting your online data privacy and security.",
]
hero:
header:
!ENV [HOMEPAGE_HEADER, "The guide to restoring your online privacy."]
subheader:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_SUBHEADER,
"Massive organizations are monitoring your online activities. Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.",
]
buttons:
- name:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_GET_STARTED_NAME,
"Start Your Privacy Journey",
]
title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_GET_STARTED_TITLE,
"The first step of your privacy journey",
]
link: basics/why-privacy-matters/
class: md-button md-button--primary
- name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_TOOLS_NAME, "Recommended Tools"]
title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_TOOLS_TITLE,
"Recommended privacy tools, services, and knowledge",
]
link: tools/
class: md-button
cta:
- title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_CTA_TITLE,
"We need you! Here's how to get involved:",
]
links:
- icon: simple/discourse
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_FORUM_NAME, "Join the forum"]
link: https://discuss.privacyguides.net/
- icon: simple/mastodon
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_MASTODON_NAME, "Follow us on Mastodon"]
link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
- icon: simple/github
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_GITHUB_NAME, "Contribute on GitHub"]
link: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
- icon: material/translate
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_TRANSLATE_NAME, "Help translate"]
link: https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides
- icon: simple/matrix
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_MATRIX_NAME, "Join the Matrix chat"]
link: https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org
- icon: material/information-outline
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_ABOUT_NAME, "Learn more about us"]
link: about/
- icon: material/hand-coin
name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_CTA_DONATE_NAME, "Donate to Privacy Guides"]
link: about/donate/
description:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_CTA_DESCRIPTION,
"If you spot an error, think a provider should not be listed, notice a qualified provider is missing, believe a browser plugin is no longer the best choice, or uncover any other issue, please let us know.",
]
rss:
- title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_CHANGELOG_TITLE,
"Privacy Guides release changelog",
]
link:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_CHANGELOG_LINK,
"https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/site-development/changelog/9.rss",
]
- title: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_RSS_BLOG_TITLE, "Privacy Guides blog feed"]
link:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_BLOG_LINK,
"https://blog.privacyguides.org/feed_rss_created.xml",
]
- title:
!ENV [HOMEPAGE_RSS_STORIES_TITLE, "Privacy Guides Web Stories feed"]
link:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_STORIES_LINK,
"https://share.privacyguides.org/web-stories/feed/",
]
- title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_FORUM_TITLE,
"Latest Privacy Guides forum topics",
]
link:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_RSS_FORUM_LINK,
"https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest.rss",
]
translation_notice:
notice: !ENV TRANSLATION_NOTICE
cta: !ENV [TRANSLATION_NOTICE_CTA, "Visit Crowdin"]
language: !ENV SITE_LANGUAGE_ENGLISH
social:
- icon: simple/mastodon
link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
name: !ENV [SOCIAL_MASTODON, "Mastodon"]
- icon: simple/matrix
link: https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org
name: !ENV [SOCIAL_MATRIX, "Matrix"]
- icon: simple/discourse
link: https://discuss.privacyguides.net/
name: !ENV [SOCIAL_FORUM, "Forum"]
- icon: simple/github
link: https://github.com/privacyguides
name: !ENV [SOCIAL_GITHUB, "GitHub"]
- icon: simple/torbrowser
link: http://www.xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion/
name: !ENV [SOCIAL_TOR_SITE, "Hidden service"]
alternate:
- name: English
link: /en/
lang: en
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1fa-1f1f8.svg
- name: Español
link: /es/
lang: es
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ea-1f1f8.svg
- name: Français
link: /fr/
lang: fr
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1eb-1f1f7.svg
- name: עִברִית
link: /he/
lang: he
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f1.svg
- name: Italiano
link: /it/
lang: it
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f9.svg
- name: Nederlands
link: /nl/
lang: nl
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f3-1f1f1.svg
- name: 正體中文
link: /zh-hant/
lang: zh-Hant
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ed-1f1f0.svg
- name: русский
link: /ru/
lang: ru
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f7-1f1fa.svg
analytics:
feedback:
title: !ENV [ANALYTICS_FEEDBACK_TITLE, "Was this page helpful?"]
ratings:
- icon: material/emoticon-happy-outline
name: !ENV [ANALYTICS_FEEDBACK_POSITIVE_NAME, "This page was helpful"]
data: 1
note:
!ENV [ANALYTICS_FEEDBACK_POSITIVE_NOTE, "Thanks for your feedback!"]
- icon: material/emoticon-sad-outline
name:
!ENV [
ANALYTICS_FEEDBACK_NEGATIVE_NAME,
"This page could be improved",
]
data: 0
note:
!ENV [ANALYTICS_FEEDBACK_NEGATIVE_NOTE, "Thanks for your feedback!"]
consent:
title: !ENV [ANALYTICS_CONSENT_TITLE, "Contribute anonymous statistics"]
description:
!ENV [
ANALYTICS_CONSENT_BODY,
"We use cookies to collect anonymous usage statistics. You can opt out if you wish.",
]
cookies:
analytics:
name: !ENV [ANALYTICS_COOKIE_UMAMI, "Self-Hosted Analytics"]
checked: true
github:
name: !ENV [ANALYTICS_COOKIE_GITHUB, "GitHub API"]
checked: true
actions:
- reject
- accept
- manage
repo_url: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
repo_name: ""
theme:
name: material
language: en
custom_dir: ../theme
logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
font:
text: Public Sans
code: DM Mono
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-auto
name: !ENV [THEME_DARK, "Switch to dark mode"]
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-2
name: !ENV [THEME_LIGHT, "Switch to light mode"]
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-5
name: !ENV [THEME_AUTO, "Switch to system theme"]
favicon: assets/brand/logos/png/favicon-32x32.png
icon:
repo: simple/github
features:
- navigation.tracking
- navigation.tabs
- navigation.sections
- navigation.expand
- navigation.path
- navigation.indexes
- content.action.edit
- content.tabs.link
- content.tooltips
- search.highlight
extra_css:
- assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=1
extra_javascript:
- assets/javascripts/randomize-element.js?v=1
- assets/javascripts/resolution.js?v=1
- assets/javascripts/feedback.js?v=1
watch:
- ../theme
- ../includes
- mkdocs-common.yml
plugins:
tags: {}
search: {}
privacy: {}
markdown_extensions:
admonition: {}
pymdownx.details: {}
pymdownx.superfences:
custom_fences:
- name: mermaid
class: mermaid
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format
pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true
pymdownx.arithmatex:
generic: true
pymdownx.critic: {}
pymdownx.caret: {}
pymdownx.keys: {}
pymdownx.mark: {}
pymdownx.tilde: {}
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.en.txt
pymdownx.tasklist:
custom_checkbox: true
attr_list: {}
def_list: {}
md_in_html: {}
meta: {}
abbr: {}
pymdownx.emoji:
emoji_index: !!python/name:material.extensions.emoji.twemoji
emoji_generator: !!python/name:material.extensions.emoji.to_svg
tables: {}
footnotes: {}
toc:
permalink: true
toc_depth: 4
nav:
- !ENV [NAV_HOME, "Home"]: "index.md"
- !ENV [NAV_KNOWLEDGE_BASE, "Knowledge Base"]:
- "basics/why-privacy-matters.md"
- "basics/threat-modeling.md"
- "basics/common-threats.md"
- "basics/common-misconceptions.md"
- "basics/account-creation.md"
- "basics/account-deletion.md"
- !ENV [NAV_TECHNOLOGY_ESSENTIALS, "Technology Essentials"]:
- "basics/passwords-overview.md"
- "basics/multi-factor-authentication.md"
- "basics/email-security.md"
- "basics/vpn-overview.md"
- !ENV [NAV_ADVANCED_TOPICS, "Advanced Topics"]:
- "advanced/dns-overview.md"
- "advanced/tor-overview.md"
- "advanced/payments.md"
- "advanced/communication-network-types.md"
- !ENV [NAV_OPERATING_SYSTEMS, "Operating Systems"]:
- "os/android-overview.md"
- "os/ios-overview.md"
- "os/linux-overview.md"
- "os/macos-overview.md"
- "os/qubes-overview.md"
- kb-archive.md
- !ENV [NAV_RECOMMENDATIONS, "Recommendations"]:
- "tools.md"
- !ENV [NAV_INTERNET_BROWSING, "Internet Browsing"]:
- "tor.md"
- "desktop-browsers.md"
- "mobile-browsers.md"
- "browser-extensions.md"
- !ENV [NAV_PROVIDERS, "Providers"]:
- "cloud.md"
- "dns.md"
- "email-aliasing.md"
- "email.md"
- "financial-services.md"
- "photo-management.md"
- "search-engines.md"
- "vpn.md"
- !ENV [NAV_SOFTWARE, "Software"]:
- "calendar.md"
- "cryptocurrency.md"
- "data-redaction.md"
- "email-clients.md"
- "encryption.md"
- "file-sharing.md"
- "frontends.md"
- "multi-factor-authentication.md"
- "news-aggregators.md"
- "notebooks.md"
- "passwords.md"
- "productivity.md"
- "real-time-communication.md"
- !ENV [NAV_OPERATING_SYSTEMS, "Operating Systems"]:
- "android.md"
- "desktop.md"
- "router.md"
- !ENV [NAV_ADVANCED, "Advanced"]:
- "alternative-networks.md"
- "device-integrity.md"
- !ENV [NAV_ABOUT, "About"]:
- "about/index.md"
- "about/criteria.md"
- "about/notices.md"
- "about/privacy-policy.md"
- "about/statistics.md"
- !ENV [NAV_COMMUNITY, "Community"]:
- "about/donate.md"
- !ENV [NAV_ONLINE_SERVICES, "Online Services"]: "about/services.md"
- !ENV [NAV_CODE_OF_CONDUCT, "Code of Conduct"]: "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
- "about/privacytools.md"
- !ENV [NAV_CONTRIBUTING, "Contributing"]:
- !ENV [NAV_WRITING_GUIDE, "Writing Guide"]:
- "meta/writing-style.md"
- "meta/admonitions.md"
- "meta/brand.md"
- "meta/translations.md"
- !ENV [NAV_TECHNICAL_GUIDES, "Technical Guides"]:
- "meta/uploading-images.md"
- "meta/git-recommendations.md"
- !ENV [NAV_CHANGELOG, "Changelog"]:
"https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases"
- !ENV [NAV_FORUM, "Forum"]: "https://discuss.privacyguides.net/"
- !ENV [NAV_BLOG, "Blog"]: "https://blog.privacyguides.org/"

View File

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
# Disable any GitHub integrations
repo_url: ""
edit_uri_template: ""
extra:
# Disable language switcher
alternate: false
offline: true
privacy_guides:
homepage:
hero:
buttons:
- name:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_GET_STARTED_NAME,
"Start Your Privacy Journey",
]
title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_GET_STARTED_TITLE,
"The first step of your privacy journey",
]
link: basics/why-privacy-matters.html
class: md-button md-button--primary
- name: !ENV [HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_TOOLS_NAME, "Recommended Tools"]
title:
!ENV [
HOMEPAGE_BUTTON_TOOLS_TITLE,
"Recommended privacy tools, services, and knowledge",
]
link: tools.html
class: md-button
theme:
features:
- navigation.tabs
- navigation.sections
- navigation.indexes
- content.tabs.link
- content.tooltips
- search.highlight
plugins:
offline:
enabled: true
social:
enabled: false
# Edit the offline-mode navbar in mkdocs-common.yml

View File

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
INHERIT: mkdocs-common.yml
plugins:
macros: {}
meta: {}
git-committers:
enabled: !ENV [GITCOMMITTERS, PRODUCTION, NETLIFY, false]
repository: privacyguides/privacyguides.org
branch: main
git-revision-date-localized:
enabled: !ENV [GITREVISIONDATE, PRODUCTION, NETLIFY, false]
exclude:
- index.md
fallback_to_build_date: true
optimize:
enabled: !ENV [OPTIMIZE, PRODUCTION, NETLIFY, false]
typeset: {}
social:
cards: !ENV [CARDS, PRODUCTION, NETLIFY, true]
cards_dir: assets/img/social
cards_layout_dir: config/layouts
cards_layout: page
# cards_layout: pride
markdown_extensions:
material.extensions.preview:
sources:
exclude:
- tools.md

138
config/mkdocs.common.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
extra:
context: !ENV [CONTEXT, "production"]
social:
- icon: simple/mastodon
link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
name: Mastodon
- icon: simple/matrix
link: https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org
name: Matrix
- icon: simple/discourse
link: https://discuss.privacyguides.net/
name: Forum
- icon: simple/github
link: https://github.com/privacyguides
name: GitHub
alternate:
- name: English
link: /en/
lang: en
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1fa-1f1f8.svg
- name: Français
link: /fr/
lang: fr
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1eb-1f1f7.svg
- name: עִברִית
link: /he/
lang: he
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f1.svg
- name: Nederlands
link: /nl/
lang: nl
icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f3-1f1f1.svg
repo_url: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
repo_name: ""
theme:
name: material
custom_dir: ../theme
favicon: assets/brand/png/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
icon:
repo: simple/github
features:
- navigation.tracking
- navigation.tabs
- navigation.sections
- navigation.expand
- navigation.path
- navigation.indexes
- content.tooltips
- search.highlight
extra_css:
- assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
extra_javascript:
- assets/javascripts/mathjax.js
- assets/javascripts/feedback.js
watch:
- ../theme
- ../includes
- mkdocs.common.yml
plugins:
tags: {}
search: {}
macros: {}
meta: {}
git-committers:
enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
repository: privacyguides/privacyguides.org
branch: main
git-revision-date-localized:
enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
exclude:
- index.md
fallback_to_build_date: true
privacy:
external_assets_exclude:
- cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/*
- api.privacyguides.net/*
optimize:
enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
typeset: {}
markdown_extensions:
admonition: {}
pymdownx.details: {}
pymdownx.superfences:
custom_fences:
- name: mermaid
class: mermaid
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format
pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true
pymdownx.arithmatex:
generic: true
pymdownx.critic: {}
pymdownx.caret: {}
pymdownx.keys: {}
pymdownx.mark: {}
pymdownx.tilde: {}
pymdownx.snippets: {}
pymdownx.tasklist:
custom_checkbox: true
attr_list: {}
def_list: {}
md_in_html: {}
meta: {}
abbr: {}
pymdownx.emoji:
emoji_index: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.twemoji
emoji_generator: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.to_svg
tables: {}
footnotes: {}
toc:
permalink: true
toc_depth: 4

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -18,10 +18,158 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
docs_dir: '../docs'
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/"
site_dir: "../site/en"
site_dir: '../site/en'
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description: |
Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.
copyright: |
<b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
&copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides and contributors.
<span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
Content licensed under <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
extra:
generator: false
analytics:
provider: plausible
property: privacyguides.org
feedback:
title: "Was this page helpful?"
ratings:
- icon: material/robot-happy-outline
name: "This page was helpful"
data: Helpful
note: "Thanks for your feedback!"
- icon: material/robot-confused
name: "This page could be improved"
data: Needs Improvement
note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
theme:
# ENGLISH ONLY: this logo needs to be set separately because the relative path is different
logo: ../theme/assets/brand/logos/svg/logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
language: en
logo: ../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
font:
text: Public Sans
code: DM Mono
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-auto
name: "Switch to dark mode"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-2
name: "Switch to light mode"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-5
name: "Switch to system theme"
plugins:
social:
cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
cards_color:
fill: "#FFD06F"
text: "#2d2d2d"
cards_dir: assets/img/social
cards_font: Public Sans
cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-en
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.en.txt
nav:
- Home: 'index.md'
- Knowledge Base:
- 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
- 'basics/common-threats.md'
- 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
- 'basics/account-creation.md'
- 'basics/account-deletion.md'
- Technology Essentials:
- 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
- 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'basics/email-security.md'
- 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
- Operating Systems:
- 'os/android-overview.md'
- 'os/linux-overview.md'
- 'os/qubes-overview.md'
- Windows Overview:
- 'os/windows/index.md'
- 'os/windows/hardening.md'
- 'os/windows/privacy.md'
- 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
- Advanced Topics:
- 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
- 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
- 'advanced/payments.md'
- 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
- kb-archive.md
- Recommendations:
- 'tools.md'
- Internet Browsing:
- 'tor.md'
- 'desktop-browsers.md'
- 'mobile-browsers.md'
- Operating Systems:
- 'android.md'
- 'desktop.md'
- 'router.md'
- Providers:
- 'cloud.md'
- 'dns.md'
- 'email.md'
- 'financial-services.md'
- 'search-engines.md'
- 'vpn.md'
- Software:
- 'calendar.md'
- 'cryptocurrency.md'
- 'data-redaction.md'
- 'email-clients.md'
- 'encryption.md'
- 'file-sharing.md'
- 'frontends.md'
- 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'news-aggregators.md'
- 'notebooks.md'
- 'passwords.md'
- 'productivity.md'
- 'real-time-communication.md'
- 'video-streaming.md'
- About:
- 'about/index.md'
- 'about/criteria.md'
- 'about/statistics.md'
- 'about/notices.md'
- 'about/privacy-policy.md'
- Community:
- 'about/donate.md'
- Online Services: 'about/services.md'
- Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
- 'about/privacytools.md'
- Contributing:
- Writing Guide:
- 'meta/writing-style.md'
- 'meta/brand.md'
- Technical Guides:
- 'meta/uploading-images.md'
- 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
- Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
- Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
- Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

View File

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
docs_dir: "../i18n/es"
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/es/"
site_dir: "../site/es"
edit_uri_template: https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n/blob/main/i18n/es/{path}?plain=1
theme:
language: es
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.es.txt

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -18,17 +18,158 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
docs_dir: "../i18n/fr"
INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
docs_dir: '../i18n/fr'
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/fr/"
site_dir: "../site/fr"
site_dir: '../site/fr'
edit_uri_template: https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n/blob/main/i18n/fr/{path}?plain=1
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description: |
Privacy Guides est votre ressource centrale en matière de vie privée et de sécurité pour vous protéger en ligne.
copyright: |
<b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
&copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides and contributors.
<span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
Content licensed under <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/fr/
extra:
generator: false
analytics:
provider: plausible
property: privacyguides.org
feedback:
title: "Cette page vous a été utile ?"
ratings:
- icon: material/robot-happy-outline
name: "Cette page a été utile"
data: Helpful
note: "Merci pour votre retour !"
- icon: material/robot-confused
name: "Cette page pourrait être améliorée"
data: Needs Improvement
note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
theme:
language: fr
logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
font:
text: Public Sans
code: DM Mono
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-auto
name: "Basculer en mode sombre"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-2
name: "Basculer en mode clair"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-5
name: "Basculer vers le thème du système"
plugins:
social:
cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
cards_color:
fill: "#FFD06F"
text: "#2d2d2d"
cards_dir: assets/img/social
cards_font: Public Sans
cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-fr
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.fr.txt
nav:
- Accueil: 'index.md'
- Base de connaissances:
- 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
- 'basics/common-threats.md'
- 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
- 'basics/account-creation.md'
- 'basics/account-deletion.md'
- Les essentiels de la technologie:
- 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
- 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'basics/email-security.md'
- 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
- "Systèmes d'exploitation":
- 'os/android-overview.md'
- 'os/linux-overview.md'
- 'os/qubes-overview.md'
- Windows Overview:
- 'os/windows/index.md'
- 'os/windows/hardening.md'
- 'os/windows/privacy.md'
- 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
- "Sujets avancés":
- 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
- 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
- 'advanced/payments.md'
- 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
- kb-archive.md
- Recommandations:
- 'tools.md'
- Navigation internet:
- 'tor.md'
- 'desktop-browsers.md'
- 'mobile-browsers.md'
- "Systèmes d'exploitation":
- 'android.md'
- 'desktop.md'
- 'router.md'
- "Fournisseurs":
- 'cloud.md'
- 'dns.md'
- 'email.md'
- 'financial-services.md'
- 'search-engines.md'
- 'vpn.md'
- "Logiciels":
- 'calendar.md'
- 'cryptocurrency.md'
- 'data-redaction.md'
- 'email-clients.md'
- 'encryption.md'
- 'file-sharing.md'
- 'frontends.md'
- 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'news-aggregators.md'
- 'notebooks.md'
- 'passwords.md'
- 'productivity.md'
- 'real-time-communication.md'
- 'video-streaming.md'
- "À propos":
- 'about/index.md'
- 'about/criteria.md'
- 'about/statistics.md'
- 'about/notices.md'
- 'about/privacy-policy.md'
- Community:
- 'about/donate.md'
- Online Services: 'about/services.md'
- Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
- 'about/privacytools.md'
- Contributing:
- Writing Guide:
- 'meta/writing-style.md'
- 'meta/brand.md'
- Technical Guides:
- 'meta/uploading-images.md'
- 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
- Journal des modifications: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
- Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
- Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -18,12 +18,38 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
docs_dir: "../i18n/he"
INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
docs_dir: '../i18n/he'
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/he/"
site_dir: "../site/he"
site_dir: '../site/he'
edit_uri_template: https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n/blob/main/i18n/he/{path}?plain=1
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description: |
Privacy Guides (מדריכי פרטיות) הם משאב הפרטיות והאבטחה המרכזי שלכם כדי להגן על עצמכם באופן מקוון.
copyright: |
<b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
&copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides and contributors.
<span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
Content licensed under <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/he/
extra:
generator: false
analytics:
provider: plausible
property: privacyguides.org
feedback:
title: "האם הדף הזה עזר לך?"
ratings:
- icon: material/robot-happy-outline
name: "הדף הזה היה מועיל"
data: Helpful
note: "תודה על המשוב שלך!"
- icon: material/robot-confused
name: "דף זה יכול להשתפר"
data: Needs Improvement
note: "תודה על המשוב שלך! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
extra_css:
- assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
@@ -31,11 +57,123 @@ extra_css:
theme:
language: he
logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
font:
text: Open Sans
code: Cousine
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-auto
name: "עבור למצב כהה"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-2
name: "עבור למצב בהיר"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-5
name: "עבור לערכת הנושא של המערכת"
plugins:
social:
cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
cards_color:
fill: "#FFD06F"
text: "#2d2d2d"
cards_dir: assets/img/social
cards_font: Suez One
cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-he
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.he.txt
nav:
- "דף הבית": 'index.md'
- "ידע בסיסי":
- 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
- 'basics/common-threats.md'
- 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
- 'basics/account-creation.md'
- 'basics/account-deletion.md'
- "יסודות הטכנולוגיה":
- 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
- 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'basics/email-security.md'
- 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
- "מערכות הפעלה":
- 'os/android-overview.md'
- 'os/linux-overview.md'
- 'os/qubes-overview.md'
- Windows Overview:
- 'os/windows/index.md'
- 'os/windows/hardening.md'
- 'os/windows/privacy.md'
- 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
- "נושאים מתקדמים":
- 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
- 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
- 'advanced/payments.md'
- 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
- kb-archive.md
- "המלצות":
- 'tools.md'
- "גלישה באינטרנט":
- 'tor.md'
- 'desktop-browsers.md'
- 'mobile-browsers.md'
- "מערכות הפעלה":
- 'android.md'
- 'desktop.md'
- 'router.md'
- "ספקים":
- 'cloud.md'
- 'dns.md'
- 'email.md'
- 'financial-services.md'
- 'search-engines.md'
- 'vpn.md'
- "תוכנה":
- 'calendar.md'
- 'cryptocurrency.md'
- 'data-redaction.md'
- 'email-clients.md'
- 'encryption.md'
- 'file-sharing.md'
- 'frontends.md'
- 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'news-aggregators.md'
- 'notebooks.md'
- 'passwords.md'
- 'productivity.md'
- 'real-time-communication.md'
- 'video-streaming.md'
- "על אודות":
- 'about/index.md'
- 'about/criteria.md'
- 'about/statistics.md'
- 'about/notices.md'
- 'about/privacy-policy.md'
- Community:
- 'about/donate.md'
- Online Services: 'about/services.md'
- Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
- 'about/privacytools.md'
- Contributing:
- Writing Guide:
- 'meta/writing-style.md'
- 'meta/brand.md'
- Technical Guides:
- 'meta/uploading-images.md'
- 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
- "יומן שינויים": 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
- "פורום": 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
- "בלוג": 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

View File

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
docs_dir: "../i18n/it"
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/it/"
site_dir: "../site/it"
edit_uri_template: https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n/blob/main/i18n/it/{path}?plain=1
theme:
language: it
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.it.txt

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -18,17 +18,158 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: !ENV [MKDOCS_INHERIT, mkdocs-common.yml]
docs_dir: "../i18n/nl"
INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
docs_dir: '../i18n/nl'
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/nl/"
site_dir: "../site/nl"
site_dir: '../site/nl'
edit_uri_template: https://github.com/privacyguides/i18n/blob/main/i18n/nl/{path}?plain=1
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description: |
Privacy Guides is jouw centrale bron voor privacy en beveiliging om jezelf online te beschermen.
copyright: |
<b>Privacy Guides</b> is een non-profit, sociaal gemotiveerde website die informatie biedt voor de bescherming van jouw gegevensbeveiliging en privacy.<br>
Wij verdienen geen geld met het aanbevelen van bepaalde producten, en wij maken geen gebruik van affiliate links.<br>
&copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides en medewerkers.
<span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
Inhoud gelicentieerd onder <a href="/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
extra:
generator: false
analytics:
provider: plausible
property: privacyguides.org
feedback:
title: "Was deze pagina nuttig?"
ratings:
- icon: material/robot-happy-outline
name: "Deze pagina was nuttig"
data: Helpful
note: "Bedankt voor je feedback!"
- icon: material/robot-confused
name: "Deze pagina kan worden verbeterd"
data: Needs Improvement
note: "Bedankt voor jouw feedback! Help ons deze pagina te verbeteren door een <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussie te openen op ons forum</a>."
theme:
language: nl
logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
font:
text: Public Sans
code: DM Mono
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-auto
name: "Verander naar donker thema"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-2
name: "Verander naar licht thema"
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
accent: deep purple
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-5
name: "Verander naar systeem thema"
plugins:
social:
cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
cards_color:
fill: "#FFD06F"
text: "#2d2d2d"
cards_dir: assets/img/social
cards_font: Public Sans
cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-nl
markdown_extensions:
pymdownx.snippets:
auto_append:
auto_append:
- includes/abbreviations.nl.txt
nav:
- Home: 'index.md'
- Kennisbank:
- 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
- 'basics/common-threats.md'
- 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
- 'basics/account-creation.md'
- 'basics/account-deletion.md'
- Technologie essenties:
- 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
- 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'basics/email-security.md'
- 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
- Besturings systemen:
- 'os/android-overview.md'
- 'os/linux-overview.md'
- 'os/qubes-overview.md'
- Windows Overview:
- 'os/windows/index.md'
- 'os/windows/hardening.md'
- 'os/windows/privacy.md'
- 'os/windows/sandboxing.md'
- Gevorderde onderwerpen:
- 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
- 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
- 'advanced/payments.md'
- 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
- kb-archive.md
- Recommendaties:
- 'tools.md'
- Surfen op het internet:
- 'tor.md'
- 'desktop-browsers.md'
- 'mobile-browsers.md'
- Besturings systemen:
- 'android.md'
- 'desktop.md'
- 'router.md'
- Providers:
- 'cloud.md'
- 'dns.md'
- 'email.md'
- 'financial-services.md'
- 'search-engines.md'
- 'vpn.md'
- Software:
- 'calendar.md'
- 'cryptocurrency.md'
- 'data-redaction.md'
- 'email-clients.md'
- 'encryption.md'
- 'file-sharing.md'
- 'frontends.md'
- 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
- 'news-aggregators.md'
- 'notebooks.md'
- 'passwords.md'
- 'productivity.md'
- 'real-time-communication.md'
- 'video-streaming.md'
- Over ons:
- 'about/index.md'
- 'about/criteria.md'
- 'about/statistics.md'
- 'about/notices.md'
- 'about/privacy-policy.md'
- Community:
- 'about/donate.md'
- Online Services: 'about/services.md'
- Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
- 'about/privacytools.md'
- Contributing:
- Writing Guide:
- 'meta/writing-style.md'
- 'meta/brand.md'
- Technical Guides:
- 'meta/uploading-images.md'
- 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
- Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
- Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
- Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'

164
config/mkdocs.offline.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
# Copyright (c) 2023 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
docs_dir: '../docs'
site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
site_dir: '../site'
site_name: Privacy Guides
site_description: |
Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.
copyright: |
<b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
&copy; 2019 - 2023 Privacy Guides and contributors.
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Content licensed under <a href="https://www.privacyguides.org/license"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
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# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
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# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Jonah Aragon <jonah@triplebit.net>
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
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@@ -18,16 +18,20 @@
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
#checkov:skip=CKV_SECRET_6:obviously a variable name and not a secret
api_token_env: CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN
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18
docs/404.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
---
hide:
- feedback
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- property: "robots"
content: "noindex, nofollow"
---
# 404 - Not Found
We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)

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@@ -10,44 +10,44 @@
What we expect from members of our communities:
1. **Do not spread misinformation**
1. **Don't spread misinformation**
We are creating an evidence-based educational community around information privacy and security, not an information home for conspiracy theories. For example, when making a claim that a certain piece of software is malicious or that certain telemetry data is privacy invasive, explain in detail what is collected and how it collected. Claims of this nature must be backed by technical evidence.
We are creating an evidence-based educational community around information privacy and security, not a home for conspiracy theories. For example, when making a claim that a certain piece of software is malicious or that certain telemetry data is privacy invasive, explain in detail what is collected and how it collected. Claims of this nature must be backed by technical evidence.
2. **Do not abuse our willingness to help**
1. **Don't abuse our willingness to help**
Our community members are not free tech support. We are happy to help with specific steps for your privacy journey, if you are willing to put in effort. We are not obligated to answer endless, repetitive questions about general computer problems solvable with a simple internet search. **Do not** become a [help vampire](https://slash7.com/2006/12/22/vampires).
3. **Behave in a positive and constructive manner**
Our community members are not your free tech support. We are happy to help you with specific steps on your privacy journey if you are willing to put in effort on your end. We are not willing to answer endlessly repeated questions about generic computer problems you could have answered yourself with a 30-second internet search. Don't be a [help vampire](https://slash7.com/2006/12/22/vampires/).
1. **Behave in a positive and constructive manner**
Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences.
- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward others.
- Focusing on what is best not just for us as overseers, but for the overall community.
- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback within our community while growing and improving.
- Operating with a communal mindset at all times.
- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community
## Unacceptable Behavior
### Unacceptable Behavior
The following behaviors are considered harassment and are unacceptable within our community:
- Any other conduct which would reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting.
- Public and/or private harassment of any kind.
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical address and/or an email address, without their explicit permission.
- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind.
- Trolling, insulting and/or derogatory comments, including personal or political attacks.
- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
- Public or private harassment
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
## Scope
Our Code of Conduct applies within all project spaces, as well as when an individual is representing the Privacy Guides project in other communities.
We are responsible for clarifying the standards of our community and have the right to remove or alter the comments of those participating within our community, as necessary and at our discretion.
We are responsible for clarifying the standards of our community, and have the right to remove or alter the comments of those participating within our community, as necessary and at our discretion.
## Contact
### Contact
If you observe a problem on a platform like Matrix or Reddit, please contact our moderators on that platform via chat, direct message, or any designated "Modmail" system.
If you observe a problem on a platform like Matrix or Reddit, please contact our moderators on that platform in chat, via DM, or through any designated "Modmail" system.
If you have a problem elsewhere, or a problem that our community moderators are unable to resolve, reach out to `jonah@privacyguides.org` and/or `dngray@privacyguides.org`.
If you have a problem elsewhere, or a problem our community moderators are unable to resolve, reach out to `jonah@privacyguides.org` and/or `dngray@privacyguides.org`.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of reporters for all incidents.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.

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@@ -2,26 +2,34 @@
title: General Criteria
---
Below are some general priorities we consider for all submissions to Privacy Guides. Each category will have additional requirements for inclusion.
!!! example "Work in Progress"
- **Security**: Tools should follow security best-practices wherever applicable.
- **Source Availability**: Open-source projects are generally preferred over equivalent proprietary alternatives.
- **Cross-Platform Availability**: We typically prefer recommendations to be cross-platform, to avoid vendor lock-in.
- **Active Development**: The tools that we recommend should be actively developed, unmaintained projects will be removed in most cases.
- **Usability**: Tools should be accessible to most computer users, an overly technical background should not be required.
- **Documentation**: Tools should have clear and extensive documentation for use.
The following page is a work in progress, and does not reflect the full criteria for our recommendations at this time. Past discussion on this topic: [#24](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/discussions/24)
Below are some things that must apply to all submissions to Privacy Guides. Each category will have additional requirements for inclusion.
## Financial Disclosure
We do not make money from recommending certain products, we do not use affiliate links, and we do not provide special consideration to project donors.
## General Guidelines
We apply these priorities when considering new recommendations:
- **Secure**: Tools should follow security best-practices wherever applicable.
- **Source Availability**: Open source projects are generally preferred over equivalent proprietary alternatives.
- **Cross-Platform**: We typically prefer recommendations to be cross-platform, to avoid vendor lock-in.
- **Active Development**: The tools that we recommend should be actively developed, unmaintained projects will be removed in most cases.
- **Usability**: Tools should be accessible to most computer users, an overly technical background should not be required.
- **Documented**: Tools should have clear and extensive documentation for use.
## Developer Self-Submissions
We have these requirements in regard to developers which wish to submit their project or software for consideration.
- Must disclose affiliation, i.e. your position within the project being submitted.
- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage, etc.
- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage etc.
- Third party audit status. We want to know if you have one, or have one planned. If possible please mention who will be conducting the audit.
- Must explain what the project brings to the table in regard to privacy.

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@@ -4,18 +4,23 @@ title: Supporting Us
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD036 -->
It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, consider getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
<div class="admonition failure" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Donation Information</p>
If you want to support us financially, the most convenient method for us is contributing via Open Collective, a website operated by our fiscal host. Open Collective accepts payments via credit/debit card, PayPal, and bank transfers.
Unfortunately, Open Collective Foundation (our long-time fiscal host) announced they are dissolving their operations and can no longer support us or any project they host. Thus, we have no way to accept donations at this time. We are looking into ways to move forward from a legal perspective, but in the meantime any non-monetary contribution you can provide would be greatly appreciated.
[Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
</div>
Donations made directly to us on Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.
Another option to support us is by buying our merchandise from HelloTux. We get a small commission for each item sold, and you get a quality product to show for it.
If you already make use of GitHub sponsorships, you can also sponsor our organization there.
[Buy on HelloTux.com](https://hellotux.com/privacyguides){ class="md-button" }
[Sponsor us on GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides){ .md-button }
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :heart:
## Backers
A special thanks to all those who support our mission! :heart:
*Please note: This section loads a widget directly from Open Collective. This section does not reflect donations made outside of Open Collective, and we have no control over the specific donors featured in this section.*
<script src="https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/banner.js"></script>
## How We Use Donations

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@@ -1,38 +1,25 @@
---
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title: "About Privacy Guides"
description: Privacy Guides is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.
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![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/logos/png/square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }
![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }
**Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides [information](/kb) for protecting your data security and privacy. Our mission is to inform the public about the value of digital privacy, and global government initiatives which aim to monitor your online activity. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors. Our website is free of advertisements and not affiliated with any of the listed providers.
[:octicons-home-16:](https://www.privacyguides.org){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:octicons-home-16:](https://www.privacyguides.org/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](donate.md){ .card-link title=Contribute }
> To find [privacy-focused alternative] apps, check out sites like Good Reports and **Privacy Guides**, which list privacy-focused apps in a variety of categories, notably including email providers (usually on paid plans) that arent run by the big tech companies.
— [New York Times](https://nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy)
— [New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy/)
> If you're looking for a new VPN, you can go to the discount code of just about any podcast. If you are looking for a **good** VPN, you need professional help. The same goes for email clients, browsers, operating systems and password managers. How do you know which of these is the best, most privacy-friendly option? For that there is **Privacy Guides**, a platform on which a number of volunteers search day in, day out for the best privacy-friendly tools to use on the internet.
— [Tweakers.net](https://tweakers.net/reviews/10568/op-zoek-naar-privacyvriendelijke-tools-niek-de-wilde-van-privacy-guides.html) [Translated from Dutch]
Also featured on: [Ars Technica](https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/02/is-firefox-ok), [Wirecutter](https://nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-windows-pc) [[2](https://nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-your-mac)], [NPO Radio 1](https://nporadio1.nl/nieuws/binnenland/8eaff3a2-8b29-4f63-9b74-36d2b28b1fe1/ooit-online-eens-wat-doms-geplaatst-ga-jezelf-eens-googlen-en-kijk-dan-wat-je-tegenkomt), and [Wired](https://wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022).
Also featured on: [Ars Technica](https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/02/is-firefox-ok/), [Wirecutter](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-windows-pc/) [[2](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-your-mac/)], [NPO Radio 1](https://www.nporadio1.nl/nieuws/binnenland/8eaff3a2-8b29-4f63-9b74-36d2b28b1fe1/ooit-online-eens-wat-doms-geplaatst-ga-jezelf-eens-googlen-en-kijk-dan-wat-je-tegenkomt), and [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022/).
## History
@@ -40,93 +27,61 @@ Privacy Guides was launched in September 2021 as a continuation of the [defunct]
In 2022, we completed the transition of our main website framework from Jekyll to MkDocs, using the `mkdocs-material` documentation software. This change made open-source contributions to our site significantly easier for outsiders, because instead of needing to know complicated syntax to write posts effectively, contributing is now as easy as writing a standard Markdown document.
We additionally launched our new discussion forum at [discuss.privacyguides.net](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) as a community platform to share ideas and ask questions about our mission. This augments our existing community on Matrix, and replaced our previous GitHub Discussions platform, decreasing our reliance on proprietary discussion platforms.
We additionally launched our new discussion forum at [discuss.privacyguides.net](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) as a community platform to share ideas and ask questions about our mission. This augments our existing community on Matrix, and replaced our previous GitHub Discussions platform, decreasing our reliance on proprietary discussion platforms.
So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [French](/fr/), [Hebrew](/he/), and [Dutch](/nl/), with more languages on the way, made possible by our excellent translation team on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides). We plan to continue carrying forward our mission of outreach and education, and finding ways to more clearly highlight the dangers of a lack of privacy awareness in the modern digital age, and the prevalence and harms of security breaches across the technology industry.
## Our Team
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
-->
??? person "@jonah"
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/jonah)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/jonaharagon "@jonaharagon")
- [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@jonah "@jonah@neat.computer"){rel=me}
- [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://www.jonaharagon.com)
---
??? person "@niek-de-wilde"
:material-text-account: Founder
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/Niek-de-Wilde)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/blacklight447 "@blacklight447")
- [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@blacklight447 "@blacklight447@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
[:material-account: Profile](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/jonah)
??? person "@dngray"
[:material-home: Homepage](https://www.jonaharagon.com)
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/dngray)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/dngray "@dngray")
- [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@dngray "@dngray@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
- [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:dngray@privacyguides.org)
[:material-email: Email](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org)
??? person "@freddy"
- :cactus:{ .lg .middle } **@niek-de-wilde**
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/freddy)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/freddy-m "@freddy-m")
- [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://social.lol/@freddy "@freddy@social.lol"){rel=me}
- [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:freddy@privacyguides.org)
- [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://freddy.omg.lol)
---
??? person "@mfwmyfacewhen"
:material-text-account: Founder
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/mfwmyfacewhen)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/mfwmyfacewhen "@mfwmyfacewhen")
- [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://mfw.omg.lol)
[:material-account: Profile](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/Niek-de-Wilde)
??? person "@olivia"
[:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@blacklight447 "@blacklight447@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
- [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/olivia)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/hook9 "@hook9")
- [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@oliviablob "@oliviablob@neat.computer"){rel=me}
[:material-email: Email](mailto:niekdewilde@privacyguides.org)
Additionally, [many people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) have made contributions to the project. You can too, we're open sourced on GitHub, and accepting translation suggestions on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
- :polar_bear:{ .lg .middle } **@dngray**
---
:material-text-account: Founder
[:material-account: Profile](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/dngray)
[:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@dngray "@dngray@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
[:material-email: Email](mailto:dngray@privacyguides.org)
- :detective:{ .lg .middle } **@freddy**
---
:material-text-account: Founder
[:material-account: Profile](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/freddy)
[:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://social.lol/@freddy "@freddy@social.lol"){rel=me}
[:material-email: Email](mailto:freddy@privacyguides.org)
- :smirk_cat:{ .lg .middle } **@olivia**
---
:material-text-account: Founder
[:material-account: Profile](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/olivia)
[:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@oliviablob "@oliviablob@neat.computer"){rel=me}
</div>
Additionally, [many people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) have made contributions to the project. You can too, we're open source on GitHub, and accepting translation suggestions on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrative duties such as web hosting and financials, however they do not personally profit from any contributions made to this site. Donations to Privacy Guides are generally tax-deductible in the United States.
Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrative duties such as web hosting and financials, however they do not personally profit from any contributions made to this site. Our financials are transparently hosted by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)(3) at [opencollective.com/privacyguides](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides). Donations to Privacy Guides are generally tax-deductible in the United States.
## Site License
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
!!! danger ""
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
</div>
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
:fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.

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@@ -8,29 +8,28 @@ Privacy Guides is not a law firm. As such, the Privacy Guides website and contri
Running this website, like any human endeavor, involves uncertainty and trade-offs. We hope this website helps, but it may include mistakes and cant address every situation. If you have any questions about your situation, we encourage you to do your own research, seek out other experts, and engage in discussions with the Privacy Guides community. If you have any legal questions, you should consult with your own legal counsel before moving forward.
Privacy Guides is an open-source project contributed to under licenses that include terms that, for the protection of the website and its contributors, make clear that the Privacy Guides project and website is offered "as-is", without warranty, and disclaiming liability for damages resulting from using the website or any recommendations contained within. Privacy Guides does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on the website or otherwise relating to such materials on the website or on any third-party sites linked on this site.
Privacy Guides is an open source project contributed to under licenses that include terms that, for the protection of the website and its contributors, make clear that the Privacy Guides project and website is offered "as-is", without warranty, and disclaiming liability for damages resulting from using the website or any recommendations contained within. Privacy Guides does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on the website or otherwise relating to such materials on the website or on any third-party sites linked on this site.
Privacy Guides additionally does not warrant that this website will be constantly available, or available at all.
## Licensing Overview
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
!!! danger ""
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
</div>
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
Unless otherwise noted, all **content** on this website is made available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). The underlying **source code** used to generate this website and display that content is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tree/main/LICENSE-CODE).
This does not include third-party code embedded in this repository, or code where a superseding license is otherwise noted. The following are notable examples, but this list may not be all-inclusive:
* The [Bagnard](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/Bagnard) heading font is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/Bagnard/LICENSE.txt).
* The [Public Sans](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/Public%20Sans) font used for most text on the site is licensed under the terms detailed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/Public%20Sans/LICENSE.txt).
* The [DM Mono](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/DM%20Mono) font used for monospaced text on the site is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/67166ed8b641d8ac1837d0b75329e02ed4056704/fonts/DM%20Mono/LICENSE.txt).
* [MathJax](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/theme/assets/javascripts/mathjax.js) is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/LICENSE.mathjax.txt).
* The [Bagnard](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/bagnard) heading font is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/bagnard/LICENSE.txt).
* The [Public Sans](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/public_sans) font used for most text on the site is licensed under the terms detailed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/public_sans/LICENSE.txt).
* The [DM Mono](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/dm_mono) font used for monospaced text on the site is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/dm_mono/LICENSE.txt).
This means that you can use the human-readable content in this repository for your own project, per the terms outlined in the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License text. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. You **may not** use the Privacy Guides branding in your own project without express approval from this project. Privacy Guides's brand trademarks include the "Privacy Guides" wordmark and shield logo.
We believe that the logos and other images in `assets` obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject matter for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
We believe that the logos and other images in `assets` obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject matter for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
When you contribute to our website you are doing so under the above licenses, and you are granting Privacy Guides a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license with the right to sublicense such rights through multiple tiers of sublicensees, to reproduce, modify, display, perform and distribute your contribution as part of our project.
@@ -48,4 +47,4 @@ You must not conduct any systematic or automated data collection activities on o
---
*Portions of this notice itself were adopted from [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) on GitHub. That resource and this page itself are released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).*
*Portions of this notice itself were adopted from [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) on GitHub. That resource and this page itself are released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).*

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@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ Privacy Guides is a community project operated by a number of active volunteer c
The privacy of our website visitors is important to us, so we do not track any individual people. As a visitor to our website:
- No personal information is stored
- No personal information is collected
- No information such as cookies are stored in the browser
- No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties
- No information is shared with advertising companies
- No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends
@@ -15,21 +16,32 @@ The privacy of our website visitors is important to us, so we do not track any i
You can view the data we collect on our [statistics](statistics.md) page.
We run a self-hosted installation of [Umami](https://umami.is) to collect some anonymous usage data for statistical purposes. The goal is to track overall trends in our website traffic, it is not to track individual visitors. All the data is in aggregate only, and no personal data is stored.
We run a self-hosted installation of [Plausible Analytics](https://plausible.io) to collect some anonymous usage data for statistical purposes. The goal is to track overall trends in our website traffic, it is not to track individual visitors. All the data is in aggregate only. No personal data is collected.
The only data which is collected is data sent in a standard web request, which includes referral sources, the page you're visiting, your user agent, your IP address, and your screen resolution. The raw data is immediately discarded after statistics have been generated, for example if we collect your screen resolution as `1125x2436`, the only data we retain is "mobile device" and not your specific resolution.
Data collected includes referral sources, top pages, visit duration, information from the devices (device type, operating system, country and browser) used during the visit and more. You can learn more about how Plausible works and collects information in a privacy-respecting manner [here](https://plausible.io/data-policy).
## Data We Collect From Account Holders
If you register for an account on one of our services, we may collect any information you provide us (such as your email, password, profile information, etc.) and use that information to provide you with the service. We never share or sell this data.
On some websites and services we provide, many features may require an account. For example, an account may be required to post and reply to topics on a forum platform.
Some services we host have separate privacy policies which supersede this document. For example, the privacy policy of our forum can be found at [discuss.privacyguides.net/privacy](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/privacy).
To sign up for most accounts, we will collect a name, username, email, and password. In the event a website requires more information than just that data, that will be clearly marked and noted in a separate privacy statement per-site.
We use your account data to identify you on the website and to create pages specific to you, such as your profile page. We will also use your account data to publish a public profile for you on our services.
We use your email to:
- Notify you about posts and other activity on the websites or services.
- Reset your password and help keep your account secure.
- Contact you in special circumstances related to your account.
- Contact you about legal requests, such as DMCA takedown requests.
On some websites and services you may provide additional information for your account, such as a short biography, avatar, your location, or your birthday. We make that information available to everyone who can access the website or service in question. This information is not required to use any of our services and can be erased at any time.
We will store your account data as long as your account remains open. After closing an account, we may retain some or all of your account data in the form of backups or archives for up to 90 days.
## Contacting Us
Even in the limited cases where your data is collected, our volunteers and most members of the Privacy Guides team have no access to that information. Some information (such as your email address) may be accessible to moderators via limited control panels for the purposes of moderating our communities.
Thus, inquiries regarding your personal information should be sent directly to:
The Privacy Guides team generally does not have access to personal data outside of limited access granted via some moderation panels. Inquiries regarding your personal information should be sent directly to:
```text
Jonah Aragon
@@ -39,7 +51,8 @@ jonah@privacyguides.org
For all other inquiries, you can contact any member of our team.
For complaints under GDPR more generally, you always have the option to lodge complaints with your local data protection supervisory authorities.
For complaints under GDPR more generally, you may lodge complaints with your local data protection supervisory authorities.
In France it's the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés which take care and handle the complaints. They provide a [template of complaint letter](https://www.cnil.fr/en/plaintes) to use.
## About This Policy

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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
---
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
---
# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
@@ -11,13 +13,13 @@ After the organizational move was completed, the founder of PrivacyTools returne
PrivacyTools was created in 2015 by "BurungHantu," who wanted to make a privacy information resource - helpful tools following the Snowden revelations. The site grew into a flourishing open-source project with [many contributors](https://github.com/privacytools/privacytools.io/graphs/contributors), some eventually given various organizational responsibilities, such as operating online services like Matrix and Mastodon, managing and reviewing changes to the site on GitHub, finding sponsors for the project, writing blog posts and operating social media outreach platforms like Twitter, etc.
Beginning in 2019, BurungHantu grew more and more distant from the active development of the website and communities, and began delaying payments he was responsible for related to the servers we operated. To avoid having our system administrator pay server costs out of their own pocket, we changed the donation methods listed on the site from BurungHantu's personal PayPal and crypto accounts to a new OpenCollective page on [October 31, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184557/https://blog.privacytools.io/privacytools-io-joins-the-open-collective-foundation). This had the added benefits of making our finances completely transparent, a value we strongly believe in, and tax-deductible in the United States, because they were being held by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)3. This change was unanimously agreed upon by the team and went uncontested.
Beginning in 2019, BurungHantu grew more and more distant from the active development of the website and communities, and began delaying payments he was responsible for related to the servers we operated. To avoid having our system administrator pay server costs out of their own pocket, we changed the donation methods listed on the site from BurungHantu's personal PayPal and crypto accounts to a new OpenCollective page on [October 31, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184557/https://blog.privacytools.io/privacytools-io-joins-the-open-collective-foundation/). This had the added benefits of making our finances completely transparent, a value we strongly believe in, and tax-deductible in the United States, because they were being held by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)3. This change was unanimously agreed upon by the team and went uncontested.
## Why We Moved On
In 2020, BurungHantu's absence grew much more noticeable. At one point, we required the domain's nameservers to be changed to nameservers controlled by our system administrator to avoid future disruption, and this change was not completed for over a month after the initial request. He would disappear from the public chat and private team chat rooms on Matrix for months at a time, occasionally popping in to give some small feedback or promise to be more active before disappearing once again.
In October 2020, the PrivacyTools system administrator (Jonah) [left](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190742/https://blog.privacytools.io/blacklight447-taking-over) the project because of these difficulties, handing control to another long-time contributor. Jonah had been operating nearly every PrivacyTools service and acting as the *de facto* project lead for website development in BurungHantu's absence, thus his departure was a significant change to the organization. At the time, because of these significant organizational changes, BurungHantu promised the remaining team he would return to take control of the project going forward. ==The PrivacyTools team reached out via several communication methods over the following months, but did not receive any response.==
In October 2020, the PrivacyTools system administrator (Jonah) [left](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190742/https://blog.privacytools.io/blacklight447-taking-over/) the project because of these difficulties, handing control to another long-time contributor. Jonah had been operating nearly every PrivacyTools service and acting as the *de facto* project lead for website development in BurungHantu's absence, thus his departure was a significant change to the organization. At the time, because of these significant organizational changes, BurungHantu promised the remaining team he would return to take control of the project going forward. ==The PrivacyTools team reached out via several communication methods over the following months, but did not receive any response.==
## Domain Name Reliance
@@ -31,27 +33,27 @@ In mid-2021 the PrivacyTools team reached out to Jonah, who agreed to rejoin the
## Community Call to Action
At the end of July 2021, we [informed](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools) the PrivacyTools community of our intention to choose a new name and continue the project on a new domain, to be [chosen](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190935/https://aragon.cloud/apps/forms/cMPxG9KyopapBbcw) on 2nd August 2022. In the end, "Privacy Guides" was selected, with the `privacyguides.org` domain already owned by Jonah for a side-project from 2020 that went undeveloped.
At the end of July 2021, we [informed](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/) the PrivacyTools community of our intention to choose a new name and continue the project on a new domain, to be [chosen](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190935/https://aragon.cloud/apps/forms/cMPxG9KyopapBbcw) on 2nd August 2022. In the end, "Privacy Guides" was selected, with the `privacyguides.org` domain already owned by Jonah for a side-project from 2020 that went undeveloped.
## Control of r/privacytoolsIO
Simultaneously with the ongoing website issues at privacytools.io, the r/privacytoolsIO moderation team was facing challenges with managing the subreddit. The subreddit had always been operated mostly independently of the website's development, but BurungHantu was the primary moderator of the subreddit as well, and he was the only moderator granted "Full Control" privileges. u/trai_dep was the only active moderator at the time, and [posted](https://reddit.com/comments/o9tllh) a request to Reddit's administrators on June 28, 2021, asking to be granted the primary moderator position and full control privileges, in order to make necessary changes to the Subreddit.
Simultaneously with the ongoing website issues at privacytools.io, the r/privacytoolsIO moderation team was facing challenges with managing the subreddit. The subreddit had always been operated mostly independently of the website's development, but BurungHantu was the primary moderator of the subreddit as well, and he was the only moderator granted "Full Control" privileges. u/trai_dep was the only active moderator at the time, and [posted](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/) a request to Reddit's administrators on June 28, 2021, asking to be granted the primary moderator position and full control privileges, in order to make necessary changes to the Subreddit.
Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator is inactive for a lengthy period of time (such as a year) the primary moderation position can be re-appointed to the next moderator in line. For this request to have been granted, BurungHantu had to have been completely absent from all Reddit activity for a long period of time, which was consistent with his behaviors on other platforms.
> If you were removed as moderator from a subreddit through Reddit request it is because your lack of response and lack of activity qualified the subreddit for an r/redditrequest transfer.
>
> r/redditrequest is Reddit's way of making sure communities have active moderators and is part of the [Moderator Code of Conduct](https://redditinc.com/policies/moderator-code-of-conduct).
> r/redditrequest is Reddit's way of making sure communities have active moderators and is part of the [Moderator Code of Conduct](https://www.redditinc.com/policies/moderator-code-of-conduct).
## Beginning the Transition
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://www.privacyguides.org/blog/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides/) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
This change [entailed:](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pnhn4a/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
- Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
@@ -60,11 +62,11 @@ Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the
## Following Events
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
Following this, BurungHantu made false accusations about Jonah stealing donations from the project. BurungHantu had over a year since the alleged incident occurred, and yet he never made anyone aware of it until after the Privacy Guides migration. BurungHantu has been repeatedly asked for proof and to comment on the reason for his silence by the team [and the community](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153536962281474), and has not done so.
@@ -74,19 +76,19 @@ BurungHantu also made a [twitter post](https://twitter.com/privacytoolsIO/status
As of September 25th 2022 we are seeing BurungHantu's overall plans come to fruition on privacytools.io, and this is the very reason we decided to create this explainer page today. The website he is operating appears to be a heavily SEO-optimized version of the site which recommends tools in exchange for financial compensation. Very recently, IVPN and Mullvad, two VPN providers near-universally [recommended](../vpn.md) by the privacy community and notable for their stance against affiliate programs were removed from PrivacyTools. In their place? NordVPN, Surfshark, ExpressVPN, and hide.me; Giant VPN corporations with untrustworthy platforms and business practices, notorious for their aggressive marketing and affiliate programs.
==**PrivacyTools has become exactly the type of site we [warned against](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205249/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-reviews) on the PrivacyTools blog in 2019.**== We've tried to keep our distance from PrivacyTools since the transition, but their continued harassment towards our project and now their absurd abuse of the credibility their brand gained over 6 years of open-source contributions is extremely troubling to us. Those of us actually fighting for privacy are not fighting against each other, and are not getting our advice from the highest bidder.
==**PrivacyTools has become exactly the type of site we [warned against](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205249/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-reviews/) on the PrivacyTools blog in 2019.**== We've tried to keep our distance from PrivacyTools since the transition, but their continued harassment towards our project and now their absurd abuse of the credibility their brand gained over 6 years of open source contributions is extremely troubling to us. Those of us actually fighting for privacy are not fighting against each other, and are not getting our advice from the highest bidder.
## r/privacytoolsIO Now
After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it was impractical for u/trai_dep to continue moderating both subreddits, and with the community on-board with the transition, r/privacytoolsIO was [made](https://reddit.com/comments/qk7qrj) a restricted sub in a post on November 1st, 2021:
After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it was impractical for u/trai_dep to continue moderating both subreddits, and with the community on-board with the transition, r/privacytoolsIO was [made](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/qk7qrj/a_new_era_why_rptio_is_now_a_restricted_sub/) a restricted sub in a post on November 1st, 2021:
> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
>
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It cant thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this years harvest as their tribute. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. Its unfair to you. [...]
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. Its not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It cant thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this years harvest as their tribute. Its unfair to the team formed years ago. Its unfair to you. [...]
Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
In the months since, BurungHantu has threatened and begged for returning subreddit control to his account in [violation](https://reddit.com/r/redditrequest/wiki/top_mod_removal) of Reddit rules:
In the months since, BurungHantu has threatened and begged for returning subreddit control to his account in [violation](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/wiki/top_mod_removal/) of Reddit rules:
> Retaliation from any moderator with regards to removal requests is disallowed.
@@ -98,18 +100,18 @@ Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our p
Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net.
## Further Reading
This topic has been discussed extensively within our communities in various locations, and it seems likely that most people reading this page will already be familiar with the events leading up to the move to Privacy Guides. Some of our previous posts on the matter may have extra detail we omitted here for brevity. They have been linked below for the sake of completion.
- [June 28, 2021 request for control of r/privacytoolsIO](https://reddit.com/comments/o9tllh)
- [July 27, 2021 announcement of our intentions to move on the PrivacyTools blog, written by the team](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools)
- [Sept 13, 2021 announcement of the beginning of our transition to Privacy Guides on r/privacytoolsIO](https://reddit.com/pnql46)
- [June 28, 2021 request for control of r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/)
- [July 27, 2021 announcement of our intentions to move on the PrivacyTools blog, written by the team](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/)
- [Sept 13, 2021 announcement of the beginning of our transition to Privacy Guides on r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pnql46/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
- [Sept 17, 2021 announcement on OpenCollective from Jonah](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/updates/transitioning-to-privacy-guides)
- [Sept 30, 2021 Twitter thread detailing most of the events now described on this page](https://twitter.com/privacy_guides/status/1443633412800225280)
- [Oct 1, 2021 post by u/dng99 noting subdomain failure](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps)
- [Apr 2, 2022 response by u/dng99 to PrivacyTools' accusatory blog post](https://reddit.com/comments/tuo7mm/comment/i35kw5a)
- [Oct 1, 2021 post by u/dng99 noting subdomain failure](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/)
- [Apr 2, 2022 response by u/dng99 to PrivacyTools' accusatory blog post](https://www.reddit.com/comments/tuo7mm/comment/i35kw5a/)
- [May 16, 2022 response by @TommyTran732 on Twitter](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153497984618496)
- [Sep 3, 2022 post on Techlore's forum by @dngray](https://discuss.techlore.tech/t/has-anyone-seen-this-video-wondering-your-thoughts/792/20)

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentralized, federated, and/or open-source projects. Many of these services are available to the public and are detailed below.
[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
## Discourse
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Availability: Invite-Only
- Availability: Invite-Only
Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Availability: Invite-Only
- Availability: Invite-Only
Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix modera
## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Availability: Semi-Public
- Availability: Semi-Public
We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

View File

@@ -1,14 +1,60 @@
---
title: Traffic Statistics
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD051 -->
We self-host [Umami](https://umami.is) to create a nice visualization of our traffic statistics, which are public at the link below. With this process:
## Website Statistics
- Your information is never shared with a third-party, it stays on servers we control
- Your personal data is never saved, we only collect data in aggregate
- No client-side JavaScript is required
<iframe plausible-embed src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=system&background=transparent" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" style="width: 1px; min-width: 100%; height: 1600px;" id="plausibleFrame"></iframe>
<div style="font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px;">Stats powered by <a target="_blank" style="color: #4F46E5; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://plausible.io">Plausible Analytics</a></div>
<script async src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/js/embed.host.js"></script>
Because of these facts, keep in mind our statistics may be inaccurate. It is a useful tool to compare different dates with each other and analyze overall trends, but the actual numbers may be far off from reality. They're *precise* statistics, but not *accurate* statistics.
<script>
[View Statistics](https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/nVWjyd2QfgOPBhMF/www.privacyguides.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[Opt-Out](#__consent){ .md-button }
/* Set palette on initial load */
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
document.getElementById('plausibleFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
}
/* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
document.getElementById('plausibleFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/privacyguides.org?auth=IxTl2wRhi3uxF09rd1NSn&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
}
})
})
</script>
## Blog Statistics
<iframe plausible-embed src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=system&background=transparent" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" style="width: 1px; min-width: 100%; height: 1600px;" id="blogFrame"></iframe>
<div style="font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px;">Stats powered by <a target="_blank" style="color: #4F46E5; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://plausible.io">Plausible Analytics</a></div>
<script async src="https://stats.privacyguides.net/js/embed.host.js"></script>
<script>
/* Set palette on initial load */
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
document.getElementById('blogFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
}
/* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
document.getElementById('blogFrame').src = 'https://stats.privacyguides.net/share/blog.privacyguides.org?auth=onWV76WWcsDifUqlaHEAg&embed=true&theme=' + theme + '&background=transparent';
}
})
})
</script>

View File

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Some self-hosted messengers allow you to set up your own server. Self-hosting ca
- Can include [restricted control or access](https://drewdevault.com/2018/08/08/Signal.html). This can include things like:
- Being [forbidden from connecting third-party clients](https://github.com/LibreSignal/LibreSignal/issues/37#issuecomment-217211165) to the centralized network that might provide for greater customization or a better experience. Often defined in Terms and Conditions of usage.
- Poor or no documentation for third-party developers.
- The [ownership](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191953/https://blog.privacytools.io/delisting-wire), privacy policy, and operations of the service can change easily when a single entity controls it, potentially compromising the service later on.
- The [ownership](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191953/https://blog.privacytools.io/delisting-wire/), privacy policy, and operations of the service can change easily when a single entity controls it, potentially compromising the service later on.
- Self-hosting requires effort and knowledge of how to set up a service.
## Federated Networks
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ When self-hosted, members of a federated server can discover and communicate wit
P2P messengers connect to a [distributed network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_networking) of nodes to relay a message to the recipient without a third-party server.
Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a [distributed computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing) network. Examples of this include [Distributed Hash Tables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table) (DHT), used by [torrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)) and [IPFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System) for example. Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the [Scuttlebutt](https://scuttlebutt.nz) social network protocol).
Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a [distributed computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing) network. Examples of this include [Distributed Hash Tables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table) (DHT), used by [torrents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)) and [IPFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System) for example. Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the [Scuttlebutt](https://www.scuttlebutt.nz) social network protocol).
Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct connection between them is made. Although messages are usually encrypted, an observer can still deduce the location and identity of the sender and recipient.

View File

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ Below, we discuss and provide a tutorial to prove what an outside observer may s
### Unencrypted DNS
1. Using [`tshark`](https://wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html) (part of the [Wireshark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark) project) we can monitor and record internet packet flow. This command records packets that meet the rules specified:
1. Using [`tshark`](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html) (part of the [Wireshark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark) project) we can monitor and record internet packet flow. This command records packets that meet the rules specified:
```bash
tshark -w /tmp/dns.pcap udp port 53 and host 1.1.1.1 or host 8.8.8.8
```
2. We can then use [`dig`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) (Linux, MacOS, etc.) or [`nslookup`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup) (Windows) to send the DNS lookup to both servers. Software such as web browsers do these lookups automatically, unless they are configured to use encrypted DNS.
2. We can then use [`dig`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) (Linux, MacOS etc) or [`nslookup`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup) (Windows) to send the DNS lookup to both servers. Software such as web browsers do these lookups automatically, unless they are configured to use encrypted DNS.
=== "Linux, macOS"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Below, we discuss and provide a tutorial to prove what an outside observer may s
nslookup privacyguides.org 8.8.8.8
```
3. Next, we want to [analyse](https://wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChapterIntroduction.html#ChIntroWhatIs) the results:
3. Next, we want to [analyse](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChapterIntroduction.html#ChIntroWhatIs) the results:
=== "Wireshark"
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Encrypted DNS can refer to one of a number of protocols, the most common ones be
### DNS over TLS (DoT)
[**DNS over TLS**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_over_TLS) is another method for encrypting DNS communication that is defined in [RFC 7858](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7858). Support was first implemented in Android 9, iOS 14, and on Linux in [systemd-resolved](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/resolved.conf.html#DNSOverTLS=) in version 237. Preference in the industry has been moving away from DoT to DoH in recent years, as DoT is a [complex protocol](https://dnscrypt.info/faq) and has varying compliance to the RFC across the implementations that exist. DoT also operates on a dedicated port 853 which can be blocked easily by restrictive firewalls.
[**DNS over TLS**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_over_TLS) is another method for encrypting DNS communication that is defined in [RFC 7858](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7858). Support was first implemented in Android 9, iOS 14, and on Linux in [systemd-resolved](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/resolved.conf.html#DNSOverTLS=) in version 237. Preference in the industry has been moving away from DoT to DoH in recent years, as DoT is a [complex protocol](https://dnscrypt.info/faq/) and has varying compliance to the RFC across the implementations that exist. DoT also operates on a dedicated port 853 which can be blocked easily by restrictive firewalls.
### DNS over HTTPS (DoH)
@@ -82,24 +82,6 @@ Encrypted DNS can refer to one of a number of protocols, the most common ones be
Native implementation of DoH showed up in iOS 14, macOS 11, Microsoft Windows, and Android 13 (however, it won't be enabled [by default](https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/DnsResolver/+/1833144)). General Linux desktop support is waiting on the systemd [implementation](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/8639) so [installing third-party software is still required](../dns.md#encrypted-dns-proxies).
### Native Operating System Support
#### Android
Android 9 and above support DNS over TLS. The settings can be found in: **Settings** &rarr; **Network & Internet** &rarr; **Private DNS**.
#### Apple Devices
The latest versions of iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and macOS, support both DoT and DoH. Both protocols are supported natively via [configuration profiles](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/configuration-profile-enforcement-secf6fb9f053/web) or through the [DNS Settings API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/networkextension/dns_settings).
After installation of either a configuration profile or an app that uses the DNS Settings API, the DNS configuration can be selected. If a VPN is active, resolution within the VPN tunnel will use the VPN's DNS settings and not your system-wide settings.
Apple does not provide a native interface for creating encrypted DNS profiles. [Secure DNS profile creator](https://dns.notjakob.com/tool.html) is an unofficial tool for creating your own encrypted DNS profiles, however they will not be signed. Signed profiles are preferred; signing validates a profile's origin and helps to ensure the integrity of the profiles. A green "Verified" label is given to signed configuration profiles. For more information on code signing, see [About Code Signing](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html).
#### Linux
`systemd-resolved`, which many Linux distributions use to do their DNS lookups, doesn't yet [support DoH](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/8639). If you want to use DoH, you'll need to install a proxy like [dnscrypt-proxy](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy) and [configure it](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dnscrypt-proxy) to take all the DNS queries from your system resolver and forward them over HTTPS.
## What can an outside party see?
In this example we will record what happens when we make a DoH request:
@@ -124,7 +106,7 @@ In this example we will record what happens when we make a DoH request:
wireshark -r /tmp/dns_doh.pcap
```
We can see the [connection establishment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol#Connection_establishment) and [TLS handshake](https://cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-happens-in-a-tls-handshake) that occurs with any encrypted connection. When looking at the "application data" packets that follow, none of them contain the domain we requested or the IP address returned.
We can see the [connection establishment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol#Connection_establishment) and [TLS handshake](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-happens-in-a-tls-handshake/) that occurs with any encrypted connection. When looking at the "application data" packets that follow, none of them contain the domain we requested or the IP address returned.
## Why **shouldn't** I use encrypted DNS?
@@ -136,7 +118,7 @@ When we do a DNS lookup, it's generally because we want to access a resource. Be
The simplest way to determine browsing activity might be to look at the IP addresses your devices are accessing. For example, if the observer knows that `privacyguides.org` is at `198.98.54.105`, and your device is requesting data from `198.98.54.105`, there is a good chance you're visiting Privacy Guides.
This method is only useful when the IP address belongs to a server that only hosts few websites. It's also not very useful if the site is hosted on a shared platform (e.g. Github Pages, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, WordPress, Blogger, etc.). It also isn't very useful if the server is hosted behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy), which is very common on the modern Internet.
This method is only useful when the IP address belongs to a server that only hosts few websites. It's also not very useful if the site is hosted on a shared platform (e.g. Github Pages, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, WordPress, Blogger, etc). It also isn't very useful if the server is hosted behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy), which is very common on the modern Internet.
### Server Name Indication (SNI)
@@ -176,9 +158,9 @@ Server Name Indication is typically used when a IP address hosts many websites.
tshark -r /tmp/pg.pcap -Tfields -Y tls.handshake.extensions_server_name -e tls.handshake.extensions_server_name
```
This means even if we are using "Encrypted DNS" servers, the domain will likely be disclosed through SNI. The [TLS v1.3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#TLS_1.3) protocol brings with it [Encrypted Client Hello](https://blog.cloudflare.com/encrypted-client-hello), which prevents this kind of leak.
This means even if we are using "Encrypted DNS" servers, the domain will likely be disclosed through SNI. The [TLS v1.3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#TLS_1.3) protocol brings with it [Encrypted Client Hello](https://blog.cloudflare.com/encrypted-client-hello/), which prevents this kind of leak.
Governments, in particular [China](https://zdnet.com/article/china-is-now-blocking-all-encrypted-https-traffic-using-tls-1-3-and-esni) and [Russia](https://zdnet.com/article/russia-wants-to-ban-the-use-of-secure-protocols-such-as-tls-1-3-doh-dot-esni), have either already [started blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication#Encrypted_Client_Hello) it or expressed a desire to do so. Recently, Russia has [started blocking foreign websites](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/108) that use the [HTTP/3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) standard. This is because the [QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC) protocol that is a part of HTTP/3 requires that `ClientHello` also be encrypted.
Governments, in particular [China](https://www.zdnet.com/article/china-is-now-blocking-all-encrypted-https-traffic-using-tls-1-3-and-esni/) and [Russia](https://www.zdnet.com/article/russia-wants-to-ban-the-use-of-secure-protocols-such-as-tls-1-3-doh-dot-esni/), have either already [started blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication#Encrypted_Client_Hello) it or expressed a desire to do so. Recently, Russia has [started blocking foreign websites](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/108) that use the [HTTP/3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) standard. This is because the [QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC) protocol that is a part of HTTP/3 requires that `ClientHello` also be encrypted.
### Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
@@ -308,28 +290,13 @@ The DNSSEC signing process is similar to someone signing a legal document with a
DNSSEC implements a hierarchical digital signing policy across all layers of DNS. For example, in the case of a `privacyguides.org` lookup, a root DNS server would sign a key for the `.org` nameserver, and the `.org` nameserver would then sign a key for `privacyguides.org`s authoritative nameserver.
<small>Adapted from [DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) overview](https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/dnssec) by Google and [DNSSEC: An Introduction](https://blog.cloudflare.com/dnssec-an-introduction) by Cloudflare, both licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).</small>
<small>Adapted from [DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) overview](https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/dnssec) by Google and [DNSSEC: An Introduction](https://blog.cloudflare.com/dnssec-an-introduction/) by Cloudflare, both licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</small>
## What is QNAME minimization?
A QNAME is a "qualified name", for example `discuss.privacyguides.net`. In the past, when resolving a domain name your DNS resolver would ask every server in the chain to provide any information it has about your full query. In this example below, your request to find the IP address for `discuss.privacyguides.net` gets asked of every DNS server provider:
A QNAME is a "qualified name", for example `privacyguides.org`. QNAME minimisation reduces the amount of information sent from the DNS server to the [authoritative name server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server#Authoritative_name_server).
| Server | Question Asked | Response |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Root server | What's the IP of discuss.privacyguides.net? | I don't know, ask .net's server... |
| .net's server | What's the IP of discuss.privacyguides.net? | I don't know, ask Privacy Guides' server... |
| Privacy Guides' server | What's the IP of discuss.privacyguides.net? | 5.161.195.190! |
With "QNAME minimization," your DNS resolver now only asks for just enough information to find the next server in the chain. In this example, the root server is only asked for enough information to find the appropriate nameserver for the .net TLD, and so on, without ever knowing the full domain you're trying to visit:
| Server | Question Asked | Response |
|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| Root server | What's the nameserver for .net? | *Provides .net's server* |
| .net's server | What's the nameserver for privacyguides.net? | *Provides Privacy Guides' server* |
| Privacy Guides' server | What's the nameserver for discuss.privacyguides.net? | This server! |
| Privacy Guides' server | What's the IP of discuss.privacyguides.net? | 5.161.195.190 |
While this process can be slightly more inefficient, in this example neither the central root nameservers nor the TLD's nameservers ever receive information about your *full* query, thus reducing the amount of information being transmitted about your browsing habits. Further technical description is defined in [RFC 7816](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7816).
Instead of sending the whole domain `privacyguides.org`, QNAME minimization means the DNS server will ask for all the records that end in `.org`. Further technical description is defined in [RFC 7816](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7816).
## What is EDNS Client Subnet (ECS)?
@@ -337,27 +304,4 @@ The [EDNS Client Subnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDNS_Client_Subnet) is a
It's intended to "speed up" delivery of data by giving the client an answer that belongs to a server that is close to them such as a [content delivery network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network), which are often used in video streaming and serving JavaScript web apps.
This feature does come at a privacy cost, as it tells the DNS server some information about the client's location, generally your IP network. For example, if your IP address is `198.51.100.32` the DNS provider might share `198.51.100.0/24` with the authoritative server. Some DNS providers anonymize this data by providing another IP address which is approximately near your location.
If you have `dig` installed you can test whether your DNS provider gives EDNS information out to DNS nameservers with the following command:
```bash
dig +nocmd -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +stats
```
Note that this command will contact Google for the test, and return your IP as well as EDNS client subnet information. If you want to test another DNS resolver you can specify their IP, to test `9.9.9.11` for example:
```bash
dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +stats
```
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 130
```
This feature does come at a privacy cost, as it tells the DNS server some information about the client's location.

View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ There's a reason data about your buying habits is considered the holy grail of a
For centuries, **cash** has functioned as the primary form of private payment. Cash has excellent privacy properties in most cases, is widely accepted in most countries, and is **fungible**, meaning it is non-unique and completely interchangable.
Cash payment laws vary by country. In the United States, special disclosure is required for cash payments over $10,000 to the IRS on [Form 8300](https://irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/form-8300-and-reporting-cash-payments-of-over-10000). The receiving business is required to ID verify the payees name, address, occupation, date of birth, and Social Security Number or other TIN (with some exceptions). Lower limits without ID such as $3,000 or less exist for exchanges and money transmission. Cash also contains serial numbers. These are almost never tracked by merchants, but they can be used by law enforcement in targeted investigations.
Cash payment laws vary by country. In the United States, special disclosure is required for cash payments over $10,000 to the IRS on [Form 8300](https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/form-8300-and-reporting-cash-payments-of-over-10000). The receiving business is required to ID verify the payees name, address, occupation, date of birth, and Social Security Number or other TIN (with some exceptions). Lower limits without ID such as $3,000 or less exist for exchanges and money transmission. Cash also contains serial numbers. These are almost never tracked by merchants, but they can be used by law enforcement in targeted investigations.
Despite this, its typically the best option.
@@ -44,14 +44,11 @@ These tend to be good options for recurring/subscription payments online, while
Cryptocurrencies are a digital form of currency designed to work without central authorities such as a government or bank. While *some* cryptocurrency projects can allow you to make private transactions online, many use a public blockchain which does not provide any transaction privacy. Cryptocurrencies also tend to be very volatile assets, meaning their value can change rapidly and significantly at any time. As such, we generally don't recommend using cryptocurrency as a long-term store of value. If you decide to use cryptocurrency online, make sure you have a full understanding of its privacy aspects beforehand, and only invest amounts which would not be disastrous to lose.
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Danger</p>
!!! danger
The vast majority of cryptocurrencies operate on a **public** blockchain, meaning that every transaction is public knowledge. This includes even most well-known cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Transactions with these cryptocurrencies should not be considered private and will not protect your anonymity.
The vast majority of cryptocurrencies operate on a **public** blockchain, meaning that every transaction is public knowledge. This includes even most well-known cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Transactions with these cryptocurrencies should not be considered private and will not protect your anonymity.
Additionally, many if not most cryptocurrencies are scams. Make transactions carefully with only projects you trust.
</div>
Additionally, many if not most cryptocurrencies are scams. Make transactions carefully with only projects you trust.
### Privacy Coins
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ There are a number of cryptocurrency projects which purport to provide privacy b
- [Recommended Cryptocurrency :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../cryptocurrency.md#coins)
Privacy coins have been subject to increasing scrutiny by government agencies. In 2020, [the IRS published a $625,000 bounty](https://forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2020/09/14/irs-will-pay-up-to-625000-if-you-can-crack-monero-other-privacy-coins/?sh=2e9808a085cc) for tools which can break Bitcoin Lightning Network and/or Monero's transaction privacy. They ultimately [paid two companies](https://sam.gov/opp/5ab94eae1a8d422e88945b64181c6018/view) (Chainalysis and Integra Fec) a combined $1.25 million for tools which purport to do so (it is unknown which cryptocurrency network these tools target). Due to the secrecy surrounding tools like these, ==none of these methods of tracing cryptocurrencies have been independently confirmed.== However, it is quite likely that tools which assist targeted investigations into private coin transactions exist, and that privacy coins only succeed in thwarting mass surveillance.
Privacy coins have been subject to increasing scrutiny by government agencies. In 2020, [the IRS published a $625,000 bounty](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2020/09/14/irs-will-pay-up-to-625000-if-you-can-crack-monero-other-privacy-coins/?sh=2e9808a085cc) for tools which can break Bitcoin Lightning Network and/or Monero's transaction privacy. They ultimately [paid two companies](https://sam.gov/opp/5ab94eae1a8d422e88945b64181c6018/view) (Chainalysis and Integra Fec) a combined $1.25 million for tools which purport to do so (it is unknown which cryptocurrency network these tools target). Due to the secrecy surrounding tools like these, ==none of these methods of tracing cryptocurrencies have been independently confirmed.== However, it is quite likely that tools which assist targeted investigations into private coin transactions exist, and that privacy coins only succeed in thwarting mass surveillance.
### Other Coins (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.)
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ With cryptocurrency there are two forms of wallets: custodial wallets and noncus
### Acquisition
Acquiring [cryptocurrencies](../cryptocurrency.md) like Monero privately can be difficult. P2P marketplaces like [LocalMonero](https://localmonero.co), a platform which facilitates trades between people, are one option that can be used. If using an exchange which requires KYC is an acceptable risk for you as long as subsequent transactions can't be traced, a much easier option is to purchase Monero on an exchange like [Kraken](https://kraken.com), or purchase Bitcoin/Litecoin from a KYC exchange which can then be swapped for Monero. Then, you can withdraw the purchased Monero to your own noncustodial wallet to use privately from that point forward.
Acquiring [cryptocurrencies](../cryptocurrency.md) like Monero privately can be difficult. P2P marketplaces like [LocalMonero](https://localmonero.co/), a platform which facilitates trades between people, are one option that can be used. If using an exchange which requires KYC is an acceptable risk for you as long as subsequent transactions can't be traced, a much easier option is to purchase Monero on an exchange like [Kraken](https://kraken.com/), or purchase Bitcoin/Litecoin from a KYC exchange which can then be swapped for Monero. Then, you can withdraw the purchased Monero to your own noncustodial wallet to use privately from that point forward.
If you go this route, make sure to purchase Monero at different times and in different amounts than where you will spend it. If you purchase $5000 of Monero at an exchange and make a $5000 purchase in Monero an hour later, those actions could potentially be correlated by an outside observer regardless of which path the Monero took. Staggering purchases and purchasing larger amounts of Monero in advance to later spend on multiple smaller transactions can avoid this pitfall.

View File

@@ -4,106 +4,13 @@ icon: 'simple/torproject'
description: Tor is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the internet with as much privacy as possible.
---
![Tor logo](../assets/img/self-contained-networks/tor.svg){ align=right }
[**Tor**](../alternative-networks.md#tor) is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the internet with as much privacy as possible. If used properly, the network enables private and anonymous browsing and communications. Because Tor traffic is difficult to block and trace, Tor is an effective censorship circumvention tool.
Tor works by routing your internet traffic through volunteer-operated servers, instead of making a direct connection to the site you're trying to visit. This obfuscates where the traffic is coming from, and no server in the connection path is able to see the full path of where the traffic is coming from and going to, meaning even the servers you are using to connect cannot break your anonymity.
[:octicons-home-16:](https://torproject.org){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://2gzyxa5ihm7nsggfxnu52rck2vv4rvmdlkiu3zzui5du4xyclen53wid.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://tb-manual.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/core/tor){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
## Safely Connecting to Tor
Before connecting to Tor, you should carefully consider what you're looking to accomplish by using Tor in the first place, and who you're trying to hide your network activity from.
If you live in a free country, are accessing mundane content via Tor, aren't worried about your ISP or local network administrators having the knowledge that you're using Tor, and want to help [de-stigmatize](https://2019.www.torproject.org/about/torusers.html.en) Tor usage, you can likely connect to Tor directly via standard means like [Tor Browser](../tor.md) without worry.
If you have the ability to access a trusted VPN provider and **any** of the following are true, you almost certainly should connect to Tor through a VPN:
- You already use a [trusted VPN provider](../vpn.md)
- Your threat model includes an adversary which is capable of extracting information from your ISP
- Your threat model includes your ISP itself as an adversary
- Your threat model includes local network administrators before your ISP as an adversary
Because we already [generally recommend](../basics/vpn-overview.md) that the vast majority of people use a trusted VPN provider for a variety of reasons, the following recommendation about connecting to Tor via a VPN likely applies to you. <mark>There is no need to disable your VPN before connecting to Tor</mark>, as some online resources would lead you to believe.
Connecting directly to Tor will make your connection stand out to any local network administrators or your ISP. Detecting and correlating this traffic [has been done](https://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/17/justice/massachusetts-harvard-hoax) in the past by network administrators to identify and deanonymize specific Tor users on their network. On the other hand, connecting to a VPN is almost always less suspicious, because commercial VPN providers are used by everyday consumers for a variety of mundane tasks like bypassing geo-restrictions, even in countries with heavy internet restrictions.
Therefore, you should make an effort to hide your IP address **before** connecting to the Tor network. You can do this by simply connecting to a VPN (through a client installed on your computer) and then accessing [Tor](../tor.md) as normal, through Tor Browser for example. This creates a connection chain like:
- [x] You → VPN → Tor → Internet
From your ISP's perspective, it looks like you're accessing a VPN normally (with the associated cover that provides you). From your VPN's perspective, they can see that you are connecting to the Tor network, but nothing about what websites you're accessing. From Tor's perspective, you're connecting normally, but in the unlikely event of some sort of Tor network compromise, only your VPN's IP would be exposed, and your VPN would *additionally* have to be compromised to deanonymize you.
This is **not** censorship circumvention advice, because if Tor is blocked entirely by your ISP, your VPN likely is as well. Rather, this recommendation aims to make your traffic blend in better with commonplace VPN user traffic, and provide you with some level of plausible deniability by obscuring the fact that you're connecting to Tor from your ISP.
---
We **very strongly discourage** combining Tor with a VPN in any other manner. Do not configure your connection in a way which resembles any of the following:
- You → Tor → VPN → Internet
- You → VPN → Tor → VPN → Internet
- Any other configuration
Some VPN providers and other publications will occasionally recommend these **bad** configurations to evade Tor bans (exit nodes being blocked by websites) in some places. [Normally](https://support.torproject.org/#about_change-paths), Tor frequently changes your circuit path through the network. When you choose a permanent *destination* VPN (connecting to a VPN server *after* Tor), you're eliminating this advantage and drastically harming your anonymity.
Setting up bad configurations like these is difficult to do accidentally, because it usually involves either setting up custom proxy settings inside Tor Browser, or setting up custom proxy settings inside your VPN client which routes your VPN traffic through the Tor Browser. As long as you avoid these non-default configurations, you're probably fine.
---
<div class="admonition info" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">VPN/SSH Fingerprinting</p>
The Tor Project [notes](https://gitlab.torproject.org/legacy/trac/-/wikis/doc/TorPlusVPN#vpnssh-fingerprinting) that *theoretically* using a VPN to hide Tor activities from your ISP may not be foolproof. VPNs have been found to be vulnerable to website traffic fingerprinting, where an adversary can still guess what website is being visited, because all websites have specific traffic patterns.
Therefore, it's not unreasonable to believe that encrypted Tor traffic hidden by a VPN could also be detected via similar methods. There are no research papers on this subject, and we still consider the benefits of using a VPN to far outweigh these risks, but it is something to keep in mind.
If you still believe that pluggable transports (bridges) provide additional protection against website traffic fingerprinting that a VPN does not, you always have the option to use a bridge **and** a VPN in conjunction.
</div>
Determining whether you should first use a VPN to connect to the Tor network will require some common sense and knowledge of your own government's and ISP's policies relating to what you're connecting to. However, again in most cases you will be better off being seen as connecting to a commercial VPN network than directly to the Tor network. If VPN providers are censored in your area, then you can also consider using Tor pluggable transports (e.g. Snowflake or meek bridges) as an alternative, but using these bridges may arouse more suspicion than standard WireGuard/OpenVPN tunnels.
## What Tor is Not
The Tor network is not the perfect privacy protection tool in all cases, and has a number of drawbacks which should be carefully considered. These things should not discourage you from using Tor if it is appropriate for your needs, but they are still things to think about when deciding which solution is most appropriate for you.
### Tor is not a free VPN
The release of the *Orbot* mobile app has lead many people to describe Tor as a "free VPN" for all of your device traffic. However, treating Tor like this poses some dangers compared to a typical VPN.
Unlike Tor exit nodes, VPN providers are usually not *actively* [malicious](#caveats). Because Tor exit nodes can be created by anybody, they are hotspots for network logging and modification. In 2020, many Tor exit nodes were documented to be downgrading HTTPS traffic to HTTP in order to [hijack cryptocurrency transactions](https://therecord.media/thousands-of-tor-exit-nodes-attacked-cryptocurrency-users-over-the-past-year). Other exit node attacks such as replacing downloads via unencrypted channels with malware have also been observed. HTTPS does mitigate these threats to an extent.
As we've alluded to already, Tor is also easily identifiable on the network. Unlike an actual VPN provider, using Tor will make you stick out as a person likely attempting to evade authorities. In a perfect world, Tor would be seen by network administrators and authorities as a tool with many uses (like how VPNs are viewed), but in reality the perception of Tor is still far less legitimate than the perception of commercial VPNs, so using a real VPN provides you with plausible deniability, e.g. "I was just using it to watch Netflix," etc.
### Tor usage is not undetectable
**Even if you use bridges and pluggable transports,** the Tor Project provides no tools to hide the fact that you are using Tor from your ISP. Even using obfuscated "pluggable transports" or non-public bridges do not hide the fact that you are using a private communications channel. The most popular pluggable transports like obfs4 (which obfuscates your traffic to "look like nothing") and meek (which uses domain fronting to camouflage your traffic) can be [detected](https://hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/889-Tor-0day-Burning-Bridges.html) with fairly standard traffic analysis techniques. Snowflake has similar issues, and can be [easily detected](https://hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/944-Tor-0day-Snowflake.html) *before* a Tor connection is even established.
Pluggable transports other than these three do exist, but typically rely on security through obscurity to evade detection. They aren't impossible to detect, they are just used by so few people that it's not worth the effort building detectors for them. They shouldn't be relied upon if you specifically are being monitored.
It is critical to understand the difference between bypassing censorship and evading detection. It is easier to accomplish the former because of the many real-world limitations on what network censors can realistically do en masse, but these techniques do not hide the fact that you—*specifically* you—are using Tor from an interested party monitoring your network.
### Tor Browser is not the most *secure* browser
Anonymity can often be at odds with security: Tor's anonymity requires every user to be identical, which creates a monoculture (the same bugs are present across all Tor Browser users). As a cybersecurity rule of thumb, monocultures are generally regarded as bad: Security through diversity (which Tor lacks) provides natural segmentation by limiting vulnerabilities to smaller groups, and is therefore usually desirable, but this diversity is also less good for anonymity.
Additionally, Tor Browser is based on Firefox's Extended Support Release builds, which only receives patches for vulnerabilities considered *Critical* and *High* (not *Medium* and *Low*). This means that attackers could (for example):
1. Look for new Critical/High vulnerabilities in Firefox nightly or beta builds, then check if they are exploitable in Tor Browser (this vulnerability period can last weeks).
2. Chain *multiple* Medium/Low vulnerabilities together until they get the level of access they're looking for (this vulnerability period can last months or longer).
Those at risk of browser vulnerabilities should consider additional protections to defend against Tor Browser exploits, such as using Whonix in [Qubes](../os/qubes-overview.md) to contain your Tor browsing in a secure VM and protect against leaks.
Tor is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the internet with as much privacy as possible. If used properly, the network enables private and anonymous browsing and communications.
## Path Building to Clearnet Services
"Clearnet services" are websites which you can access with any browser, like [privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). Tor lets you connect to these websites anonymously by routing your traffic through a network comprised of thousands of volunteer-run servers called nodes (or relays).
Every time you [connect to Tor](../tor.md), it will choose three nodes to build a path to the internet—this path is called a "circuit."
Every time you [connect to Tor](../tor.md), it will choose three nodes to build a path to the internet—this path is called a "circuit."
<figure markdown>
![Tor path showing your device connecting to an entry node, middle node, and exit node before reaching the destination website](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.svg#only-light)
@@ -119,7 +26,7 @@ The entry node, often called the guard node, is the first node to which your Tor
Unlike the other nodes, the Tor client will randomly select an entry node and stick with it for two to three months to protect you from certain attacks.[^1]
[^1]: The first relay in your circuit is called an "entry guard" or "guard". It is a fast and stable relay that remains the first one in your circuit for 2-3 months in order to protect against a known anonymity-breaking attack. The rest of your circuit changes with every new website you visit, and all together these relays provide the full privacy protections of Tor. For more information on how guard relays work, see this [blog post](https://blog.torproject.org/improving-tors-anonymity-changing-guard-parameters) and [paper](https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~hoppernj/single_guard.pdf) on entry guards. ([https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2/](https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2))
[^1]: The first relay in your circuit is called an "entry guard" or "guard". It is a fast and stable relay that remains the first one in your circuit for 2-3 months in order to protect against a known anonymity-breaking attack. The rest of your circuit changes with every new website you visit, and all together these relays provide the full privacy protections of Tor. For more information on how guard relays work, see this [blog post](https://blog.torproject.org/improving-tors-anonymity-changing-guard-parameters) and [paper](https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~hoppernj/single_guard.pdf) on entry guards. ([https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2/](https://support.torproject.org/tbb/tbb-2/))
### The Middle Node
@@ -173,34 +80,13 @@ Tor allows us to connect to a server without any single party knowing the entire
Though Tor does provide strong privacy guarantees, one must be aware that Tor is not perfect:
- Tor never protects you from exposing yourself by mistake, such as if you share too much information about your real identity.
- Tor exit nodes can **modify** unencrypted traffic which passes through them. This means traffic which is not encrypted, such as plain HTTP traffic, can be changed by a malicious exit node. **Never** download files from an unencrypted `http://` website over Tor, and ensure your browser is set to always upgrade HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
- Tor exit nodes can also monitor traffic that passes through them. Unencrypted traffic which contains personally identifiable information can deanonymize you to that exit node. Again, we recommend only using HTTPS over Tor.
- Powerful adversaries with the capability to passively watch *all* network traffic around the globe ("Global Passive Adversaries") are **not** something that Tor protects you against (and using Tor [with a VPN](#safely-connecting-to-tor) doesn't change this fact).
- Well-funded adversaries with the capability to passively watch *most* network traffic around the globe still have a *chance* of deanonymizing Tor users by means of advanced traffic analysis.
- Well-funded adversaries with the capability to passively watch most network traffic over the globe have a chance of deanonymizing Tor users by means of advanced traffic analysis. Nor does Tor protect you from exposing yourself by mistake, such as if you share too much information about your real identity.
- Tor exit nodes can also monitor traffic that passes through them. This means traffic which is not encrypted, such as plain HTTP traffic, can be recorded and monitored. If such traffic contains personally identifiable information, then it can deanonymize you to that exit node. Thus, we recommend using HTTPS over Tor where possible.
If you wish to use Tor for browsing the web, we only recommend the **official** Tor Browser—it is designed to prevent fingerprinting.
- [Tor Browser :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../tor.md#tor-browser)
### Protections provided by bridges
Tor bridges are commonly touted as an alternative method to hiding Tor usage from an ISP, instead of a VPN (as we suggest using if possible). Something to consider is that while bridges may provide adequate censorship circumvention, this is only a *transient* benefit. They do not adequately protect you from your ISP discovering you connected to Tor in the *past* with historical traffic log analysis.
To illustrate this point, consider the following scenario: You connect to Tor via a bridge, and your ISP doesnt detect it because they are not doing sophisticated analysis of your traffic, so things are working as intended. Now, 4 months go by, and the IP of your bridge has been made public. This is a very common occurrence with bridges, they are discovered and blocked relatively frequently, just not immediately.
Your ISP wants to identify Tor users 4 months ago, and with their limited metadata logging they can see that you connected to an IP address which was later revealed to be a Tor bridge. You have virtually no other excuse to be making such a connection, so the ISP can say with very high confidence that you were a Tor user at that time.
Contrast this with our recommended scenario, where you connect to Tor via a VPN. Say that 4 months later your ISP again wants to identify anybody who used Tor 4 months ago. Their logs almost certainly can identify your traffic 4 months ago, but all they would likely be able to see is that you connected to a VPNs IP address. This is because most ISPs only retain metadata over long periods of time, not the full contents of the traffic you request. Storing the entirety of your traffic data would require a massive quantity of storage which nearly all threat actors wouldn't possess.
Because your ISP almost certainly is not capturing all packet-level data and storing it forever, they have no way of determining what you connected to with that VPN *after* the fact with an advanced technique like deep packet inspection, and therefore you have plausible deniability.
Therefore, bridges provide the most benefit when circumventing internet censorship *in the moment*, but they are not an adequate substitute for **all** the benefits that using a VPN alongside Tor can provide. Again, this is not advice *against* using Tor bridges, you should just be aware of these limitations while making your decision. In some cases bridges may be the *only* option (if all VPN providers are blocked, for instance), so you can still use them in those circumstances with this limitation in mind.
If you think that a bridge can aid in defending against fingerprinting or other advanced network analysis more than a VPN's encrypted tunnel already can, you always have the option to use a bridge in conjunction with a VPN as well. That way you are still protected by the pluggable transport's obfuscation techniques even if an adversary gains some level of visibility into your VPN tunnel. If you decide to go this route, we recommend connecting to an obfs4 bridge behind your VPN for optimal fingerprinting protection, rather than meek or Snowflake.
It is [possible](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/clarify-tors-weaknesses-with-respect-to-observability/3676/16) that the [WebTunnel](https://forum.torproject.org/t/tor-relays-announcement-webtunnel-a-new-pluggable-transport-for-bridges-now-available-for-deployment/8180) pluggable transport currently being trialed may mitigate some of these concerns. We will continue to keep an eye on that technology as it develops.
## Additional Resources
- [Tor Browser User Manual](https://tb-manual.torproject.org)

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@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
---
title: "Alternative Networks"
icon: material/vector-polygon
description: These tools allow you to access networks other than the World Wide Web.
cover: alternative-networks.webp
---
## Anonymizing Networks
When it comes to anonymizing networks, we want to specially note that [Tor](advanced/tor-overview.md) is our top choice. It is by far the most utilized, robustly studied, and actively developed anonymous network. Using other networks could be more likely to endanger your anonymity, unless you know what you're doing.
### Tor
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Tor logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/tor.svg){ align=right }
The **Tor** network is a group of volunteer-operated servers that allows you to connect for free and improve your privacy and security on the Internet. Individuals and organizations can also share information over the Tor network with ".onion hidden services" without compromising their privacy. Because Tor traffic is difficult to block and trace, Tor is an effective censorship circumvention tool.
[:octicons-home-16:](https://torproject.org){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://2gzyxa5ihm7nsggfxnu52rck2vv4rvmdlkiu3zzui5du4xyclen53wid.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://tb-manual.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/core/tor){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</div>
The recommended way to access the Tor network is via the official Tor Browser, which we have covered in more detail on a dedicated page:
[Tor Browser Info :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](tor.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Detailed Tor Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/tor-overview.md){ .md-button }
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Try it out!</p>
You can try connecting to *Privacy Guides* via Tor at [xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion](http://www.xoe4vn5uwdztif6goazfbmogh6wh5jc4up35bqdflu6bkdc5cas5vjqd.onion).
</div>
#### Snowflake
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**Snowflake** allows you to donate bandwidth to the Tor Project by operating a "Snowflake proxy" within your browser.
People who are censored can use Snowflake proxies to connect to the Tor network. Snowflake is a great way to contribute to the network even if you don't have the technical know-how to run a Tor relay or bridge.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://snowflake.torproject.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/Technical%20Overview){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</details>
</div>
You can enable Snowflake in your browser by opening it in another tab and turning the switch on. You can leave it running in the background while you browse to contribute your connection. We don't recommend installing Snowflake as a browser extension, because adding third-party extensions can increase your attack surface.
[Run Snowflake in your Browser :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html){ .md-button }
Snowflake does not increase your privacy in any way, nor is it used to connect to the Tor network within your personal browser. However, if your internet connection is uncensored, you should consider running it to help people in censored networks achieve better privacy themselves. There is no need to worry about which websites people are accessing through your proxy—their visible browsing IP address will match their Tor exit node, not yours.
Running a Snowflake proxy is low-risk, even more so than running a Tor relay or bridge which are already not particularly risky endeavours. However, it does still proxy traffic through your network which can be impactful in some ways, especially if your network is bandwidth-limited. Make sure you understand [how Snowflake works](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/home) before deciding whether to run a proxy.
### I2P (The Invisible Internet Project)
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![I2P logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/i2p.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![I2P logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/i2p-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**I2P** is an network layer which encrypts your connections and routes them via a network of computers distributed around the world. It is mainly focused on creating an alternative, privacy-protecting network rather than making regular internet connections anonymous.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://geti2p.net/en){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://geti2p.net/en/about/software){ .card-link title=Documentation }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/i2p/i2p.i2p){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://geti2p.net/en/get-involved){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.i2p.android)
- [:simple-android: Android](https://geti2p.net/en/download#android)
- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://geti2p.net/en/download#windows)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://geti2p.net/en/download#mac)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://geti2p.net/en/download#unix)
</details>
</div>
Unlike Tor, all I2P traffic is internal to the I2P network, which means regular internet websites are **not** directly accessible from I2P. Instead, you can connect to websites which are hosted anonymously and directly on the I2P network, which are called "eepsites" and have domains which end in `.i2p`.
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Try it out!</p>
You can try connecting to *Privacy Guides* via I2P at [privacyguides.i2p](http://privacyguides.i2p/?i2paddresshelper=fvbkmooriuqgssrjvbxu7nrwms5zyhf34r3uuppoakwwsm7ysv6q.b32.i2p).
</div>
Also unlike Tor, every I2P node will relay traffic for other users by default, instead of relying on dedicated relay volunteers to run nodes. There are approximately [10,000](https://metrics.torproject.org/networksize.html) relays and bridges on the Tor network compared to ~50,000 on I2P, meaning there is potentially more ways for your traffic to be routed to maximize anonymity. I2P also tends to be more performant than Tor, although this is likely a side-effect of Tor being more focused on regular "clearnet" internet traffic and thus using more bottlenecked exit nodes. Hidden service performance is generally considered to be much better on I2P compared to Tor. While running P2P applications like BitTorrent is challenging on Tor (and can massively impact Tor network performance), it is very easy and performant on I2P.
There are downsides to I2P's approach, however. Tor relying on dedicated exit nodes means more people in less safe environments can use it, and the relays that do exist on Tor are likely to be more performant and stable, as they generally aren't run on residential connections. Tor is also far more focused on **browser privacy** (i.e. anti-fingerprinting), with a dedicated [Tor Browser](tor.md) to make browsing activity as anonymous as possible. I2P is used via your [regular web browser](desktop-browsers.md), and while you can configure your browser to be more privacy-protecting, you probably still won't have the same browser fingerprint as other I2P users, there's no "crowd" to blend in with in that regard.
Tor is likely to be more resistant to censorship, due to their robust network of bridges and varying [pluggable transports](https://tb-manual.torproject.org/circumvention), but on the other hand I2P uses directory servers for the initial connection which are varying/untrusted and run by volunteers, compared to the hard-coded/trusted ones Tor uses which are likely easier to block.

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@@ -1,165 +1,80 @@
---
meta_title: "Android Recommendations: GrapheneOS and DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
title: "Android"
icon: 'simple/android'
description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
cover: android.webp
schema:
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
name: Private Android Operating Systems
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: Android
image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
url: https://source.android.com/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: GrapheneOS
image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
url: https://grapheneos.org/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: Divest
image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
url: https://divestos.org/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": Product
name: Pixel
brand:
"@type": Brand
name: Google
image: /assets/img/android/google-pixel.png
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel
review:
"@type": Review
author:
"@type": Organization
name: Privacy Guides
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Shelter
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Auditor
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Secure Camera
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Secure PDF Viewer
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
---
![Android logo](assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }
The **Android Open Source Project** is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.
[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
These are the Android operating systems, devices, and apps we recommend to maximize your mobile device's security and privacy. To learn more about Android:
[General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md){ .md-button }
[Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/){ .md-button }
## AOSP Derivatives
We recommend installing one of these custom Android operating systems on your device, listed in order of preference, depending on your device's compatibility with these operating systems.
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
!!! note
End-of-life devices (such as GrapheneOS or CalyxOS's "extended support" devices) do not have full security patches (firmware updates) due to the OEM discontinuing support. These devices cannot be considered completely secure regardless of installed software.
</div>
End-of-life devices (such as GrapheneOS or CalyxOS's "extended support" devices) do not have full security patches (firmware updates) due to the OEM discontinuing support. These devices cannot be considered completely secure regardless of installed software.
### GrapheneOS
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
**GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(computing)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(computing)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</div>
GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
[Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos){ .md-button }
Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support).
### DivestOS
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ align=right }
![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ align=right }
**DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org).
DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. It has signed builds, making it possible to have [verified boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) on some non-Pixel devices.
**DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org/).
DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. It has signed builds, making it possible to have [verified boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) on some non-Pixel devices.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/pages/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</div>
DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates.
DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747/) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates.
DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/#additional-hardening), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, and automatic reboot/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features).
DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/#additional-hardening), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, and automatic reboot/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features).
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. Normally, we would recommend avoiding F-Droid due to its numerous [security issues](#f-droid). However, doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) with the DivestOS repositories enabled to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repositories enabled** to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
!!! warning
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) and quality control varies across the devices it supports. We still recommend GrapheneOS depending on your device's compatibility. For other devices, DivestOS is a good alternative.
DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) and quality control varies across the devices it supports. We still recommend GrapheneOS depending on your device's compatibility. For other devices, DivestOS is a good alternative.
Not all of the supported devices have verified boot, and some perform it better than others.
</div>
Not all of the supported devices have verified boot, and some perform it better than others.
## Android Devices
@@ -167,54 +82,40 @@ When purchasing a device, we recommend getting one as new as possible. The softw
Avoid buying phones from mobile network operators. These often have a **locked bootloader** and do not support [OEM unlocking](https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/locking_unlocking). These phone variants will prevent you from installing any kind of alternative Android distribution.
Be very **careful** about buying second hand phones from online marketplaces. Always check the reputation of the seller. If the device is stolen, there's a possibility of it being entered in the [IMEI database](https://gsma.com/get-involved/working-groups/terminal-steering-group/imei-database). There is also a risk involved with you being associated with the activity of the previous owner.
Be very **careful** about buying second hand phones from online marketplaces. Always check the reputation of the seller. If the device is stolen, there's a possibility of [IMEI blacklisting](https://www.gsma.com/security/resources/imei-blacklisting/). There is also a risk involved with you being associated with the activity of the previous owner.
A few more tips regarding Android devices and operating system compatibility:
- Do not buy devices that have reached or are near their end-of-life, additional firmware updates must be provided by the manufacturer.
- Do not buy preloaded LineageOS or /e/ OS phones or any Android phones without proper [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) support and firmware updates. These devices also have no way for you to check whether they've been tampered with.
- In short, if a device or Android distribution is not listed here, there is probably a good reason. Check out our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) to find details!
- In short, if a device or Android distribution is not listed here, there is probably a good reason. Check out our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) to find details!
### Google Pixel
Google Pixel phones are the **only** devices we recommend for purchase. Pixel phones have stronger hardware security than any other Android devices currently on the market, due to proper AVB support for third-party operating systems and Google's custom [Titan](https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html) security chips acting as the Secure Element.
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![Google Pixel 6](assets/img/android/google-pixel.png){ align=right }
![Google Pixel 6](assets/img/android/google-pixel.png){ align=right }
**Google Pixel** devices are known to have good security and properly support [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), even when installing custom operating systems.
**Google Pixel** devices are known to have good security and properly support [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), even when installing custom operating systems.
Beginning with the **Pixel 8** and **8 Pro**, Pixel devices receive a minimum of 7 years of guaranteed security updates, ensuring a much longer lifespan compared to the 2-5 years competing OEMs typically offer.
Beginning with the **Pixel 6** and **6 Pro**, Pixel devices receive a minimum of 5 years of guaranteed security updates, ensuring a much longer lifespan compared to the 2-4 years competing OEMs typically offer.
[:material-shopping: Store](https://store.google.com/category/phones){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
</div>
[:material-shopping: Store](https://store.google.com/category/phones){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
Secure Elements like the Titan M2 are more limited than the processor's Trusted Execution Environment used by most other phones as they are only used for secrets storage, hardware attestation, and rate limiting, not for running "trusted" programs. Phones without a Secure Element have to use the TEE for *all* of those functions, resulting in a larger attack surface.
Google Pixel phones use a TEE OS called Trusty which is [open source](https://source.android.com/security/trusty#whyTrusty), unlike many other phones.
Google Pixel phones use a TEE OS called Trusty which is [open-source](https://source.android.com/security/trusty#whyTrusty), unlike many other phones.
The installation of GrapheneOS on a Pixel phone is easy with their [web installer](https://grapheneos.org/install/web). If you don't feel comfortable doing it yourself and are willing to spend a bit of extra money, check out the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) as they come preloaded with GrapheneOS from the reputable [Nitrokey](https://nitrokey.com/about) company.
The installation of GrapheneOS on a Pixel phone is easy with their [web installer](https://grapheneos.org/install/web). If you don't feel comfortable doing it yourself and are willing to spend a bit of extra money, check out the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) as they come preloaded with GrapheneOS from the reputable [Nitrokey](https://www.nitrokey.com/about) company.
A few more tips for purchasing a Google Pixel:
- If you're after a bargain on a Pixel device, we suggest buying an "**a**" model, just after the next flagship is released. Discounts are usually available because Google will be trying to clear their stock.
- Consider price beating options and specials offered at physical stores.
- Look at online community bargain sites in your country. These can alert you to good sales.
- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as:
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="tml-display" style="display:inline math;">
<mfrac>
<mtext>Cost</mtext>
<mrow>
<mtext>End of Life Date</mtext>
<mo></mo>
<mtext>Current Date</mtext>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math>
, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
- If the Pixel is unavailable in your region, the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) can be shipped globally.
- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: $\text{Cost} \over \text {EOL Date}-\text{Current Date}$, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
## General Apps
@@ -222,53 +123,81 @@ We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps liste
### Shelter
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/shelter.svg){ align=right }
![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/shelter.svg){ align=right }
**Shelter** is an app that helps you leverage Android's Work Profile functionality to isolate or duplicate apps on your device.
**Shelter** is an app that helps you leverage Android's Work Profile functionality to isolate or duplicate apps on your device.
Shelter supports blocking contact search cross profiles and sharing files across profiles via the default file manager ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
Shelter supports blocking contact search cross profiles and sharing files across profiles via the default file manager ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</div>
??? downloads
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.typeblog.shelter)
Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
!!! warning
When using Shelter, you are placing complete trust in its developer, as Shelter acts as a [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) to create the Work Profile, and it has extensive access to the data stored within the Work Profile.
Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
</div>
When using Shelter, you are placing complete trust in its developer, as Shelter acts as a [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) to create the Work Profile, and it has extensive access to the data stored within the Work Profile.
### Auditor
!!! recommendation
![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**Auditor** is an app which leverages hardware security features to provide device integrity monitoring for [supported devices](https://attestation.app/about#device-support). Currently, it only works with GrapheneOS and the device's stock operating system.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://attestation.app){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://attestation.app/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://attestation.app/about){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://attestation.app/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://attestation.app/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
??? downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.attestation.auditor.play)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Auditor/releases)
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
Auditor performs attestation and intrusion detection by:
- Using a [Trust On First Use (TOFU)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_on_first_use) model between an *auditor* and *auditee*, the pair establish a private key in the [hardware-backed keystore](https://source.android.com/security/keystore/) of the *Auditor*.
- The *auditor* can either be another instance of the Auditor app or the [Remote Attestation Service](https://attestation.app).
- The *auditor* records the current state and configuration of the *auditee*.
- Should tampering with the operating system of the *auditee* happen after the pairing is complete, the auditor will be aware of the change in the device state and configurations.
- You will be alerted to the change.
No personally identifiable information is submitted to the attestation service. We recommend that you sign up with an anonymous account and enable remote attestation for continuous monitoring.
If your [threat model](basics/threat-modeling.md) requires privacy, you could consider using [Orbot](tor.md#orbot) or a VPN to hide your IP address from the attestation service.
To make sure that your hardware and operating system is genuine, [perform local attestation](https://grapheneos.org/install/web#verifying-installation) immediately after the device has been installed and prior to any internet connection.
### Secure Camera
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Secure camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
**Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
??? downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
</details>
</div>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
Main privacy features include:
@@ -276,99 +205,61 @@ Main privacy features include:
- Use of the new [Media](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media) API, therefore [storage permissions](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage) are not required
- Microphone permission not required unless you want to record sound
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
!!! note
Metadata is not currently deleted from video files but that is planned.
Metadata is not currently deleted from video files but that is planned.
The image orientation metadata is not deleted. If you enable location (in Secure Camera) that **won't** be deleted either. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android).
</div>
The image orientation metadata is not deleted. If you enable location (in Secure Camera) that **won't** be deleted either. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](data-redaction.md#exiferaser).
### Secure PDF Viewer
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**Secure PDF Viewer** is a PDF viewer based on [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) that doesn't require any permissions. The PDF is fed into a [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)) [webview](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). This means that it doesn't require permission directly to access content or files.
**Secure PDF Viewer** is a PDF viewer based on [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) that doesn't require any permissions. The PDF is fed into a [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)) [webview](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). This means that it doesn't require permission directly to access content or files.
[Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) is used to enforce that the JavaScript and styling properties within the WebView are entirely static content.
[Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) is used to enforce that the JavaScript and styling properties within the WebView are entirely static content.
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
??? downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
</details>
</div>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
## Obtaining Applications
### Obtainium
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Obtainium logo](assets/img/android/obtainium.svg){ align=right }
**Obtainium** is an app manager which allows you to install and update apps directly from the developer's own releases page (i.e. GitHub, GitLab, the developer's website, etc.), rather than a centralized app store/repository. It supports automatic background updates on Android 12 and higher.
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium#readme){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/ImranR98){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/releases)
</details>
</div>
Obtainium allows you to download APK installer files from a wide variety of sources, and it is up to you to ensure those sources and apps are legitimate. For example, using Obtainium to install Signal from [Signal's APK landing page](https://signal.org/android/apk) should be fine, but installing from third-party APK repositories like Aptoide or APKPure may pose additional risks. The risk of installing a malicious *update* is lower, because Android itself verifies that all app updates are signed by the same developer as the existing app on your phone before installing them.
### GrapheneOS App Store
GrapheneOS's app store is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](https://attestation.app), [Camera](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera), and [PDF Viewer](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer). If you are looking for these applications, we highly recommend that you get them from GrapheneOS's app store instead of the Play Store, as the apps on their store are signed by the GrapheneOS's project own signature that Google does not have access to.
GrapheneOS's app store is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](https://attestation.app/), [Camera](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera), and [PDF Viewer](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer). If you are looking for these applications, we highly recommend that you get them from GrapheneOS's app store instead of the Play Store, as the apps on their store are signed by the GrapheneOS's project own signature that Google does not have access to.
### Aurora Store
The Google Play Store requires a Google account to login which is not great for privacy. You can get around this by using an alternative client, such as Aurora Store.
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
!!! recommendation
![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ align=right }
![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ align=right }
**Aurora Store** is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google Account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
**Aurora Store** is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google Account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/blob/master/POLICY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
??? downloads
- [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
- [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
</details>
</div>
Aurora Store does not allow you to download paid apps with their anonymous account feature. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google. However, you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
Aurora Store does not allow you to download paid apps with their anonymous account feature. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google, however you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
### Manually with RSS Notifications
For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](news-aggregators.md) that will help you keep track of new releases.
For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](/news-aggregators) that will help you keep track of new releases.
![RSS APK](./assets/img/android/rss-apk-light.png#only-light) ![RSS APK](./assets/img/android/rss-apk-dark.png#only-dark) ![APK Changes](./assets/img/android/rss-changes-light.png#only-light) ![APK Changes](./assets/img/android/rss-changes-dark.png#only-dark)
@@ -388,7 +279,7 @@ On GitLab, using [Aurora Store](#aurora-store) as an example, you would navigate
If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature with the [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) tool, which is a part of Android [build-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools).
1. Install [Java JDK](https://oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads).
1. Install [Java JDK](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/).
2. Download the [Android Studio command line tools](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-tools).
@@ -406,7 +297,7 @@ If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature wi
./build-tools/29.0.3/apksigner verify --print-certs ../Camera-37.apk
```
5. The resulting hashes can then be compared with another source. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk) on their website.
5. The resulting hashes can then be compared with another source. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk/) on their website.
```bash
Signer #1 certificate DN: CN=GrapheneOS
@@ -419,25 +310,26 @@ If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature wi
![F-Droid logo](assets/img/android/f-droid.svg){ align=right width=120px }
==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly in the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are some security-related downsides to how F-Droid builds, signs, and delivers packages:
==We do **not** currently recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly in the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds/) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are [notable problems](https://privsec.dev/posts/android/f-droid-security-issues/) with the official F-Droid client, their quality control, and how they build, sign, and deliver packages.
Due to their process of building apps, apps in the official F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
Due to their process of building apps, apps in the official F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust.
Other popular third-party repositories for F-Droid such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can fully recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that repository if they are later added to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through other means such as the Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method, and keep an eye on how frequently the app is updated. Outdated apps may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk.
That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">F-Droid Basic</p>
!!! note
In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using the newer [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) client instead of the original F-Droid app to obtain it. F-Droid Basic supports automatic background updates without privileged extension or root, and has a reduced feature set (limiting attack surface).
</div>
In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-Droid app to obtain it.
## Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
!!! example "This section is new"
We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
### Operating Systems
- Must be open-source software.

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@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
---
meta_title: "How to Create Internet Accounts Privately - Privacy Guides"
title: "Account Creation"
icon: 'material/account-plus'
description: Creating accounts online is practically an internet necessity, take these steps to make sure you stay private.
@@ -29,12 +28,9 @@ There are usually multiple ways to sign up for an account, each with their own b
The most common way to create a new account is by an email address and password. When using this method, you should use a password manager and follow [best practices](passwords-overview.md) regarding passwords.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
!!! tip
You can use your password manager to organize other authentication methods too! Just add the new entry and fill the appropriate fields, you can add notes for things like security questions or a backup key.
</div>
You can use your password manager to organize other authentication methods too! Just add the new entry and fill the appropriate fields, you can add notes for things like security questions or a backup key.
You will be responsible for managing your login credentials. For added security, you can set up [MFA](multi-factor-authentication.md) on your accounts.
@@ -48,29 +44,29 @@ Should a service get hacked, you might start receiving phishing or spam emails t
[Recommended email aliasing services](../email.md#email-aliasing-services){ .md-button }
### "Sign in with..." (OAuth)
### Single sign-on
OAuth is an authentication protocol that allows you to register for a service without sharing much information with the service provider, if any, by using an existing account you have with another service instead. Whenever you see something along the lines of "Sign in with *provider name*" on a registration form, it's typically using OAuth.
!!! note
We are discussing Single sign-on for personal use, not enterprise users.
When you sign in with OAuth, it will open a login page with the provider you choose, and your existing account and new account will be connected. Your password won't be shared, but some basic information typically will (you can review it during the login request). This process is needed every time you want to log in to the same account.
Single sign-on (SSO) is an authentication method that allows you to register for a service without sharing much information, if any. Whenever you see something along the lines of "Sign-in with *provider name*" on a registration form it's SSO.
When you choose single sign-on in a website, it will prompt your SSO provider login page and after that your account will be connected. Your password won't be shared but some basic information will (you can review it during the login request). This process is needed every time you want to log in to the same account.
The main advantages are:
- **Security**: you don't have to trust the security practices of the service you're logging into when it comes to storing your login credentials, because they are stored with the external OAuth provider, which when it comes to services like Apple and Google typically follow the best security practices, continuously audit their authentication systems, and don't store credentials inappropriately (such as in plain text).
- **Security**: no risk of being involved in a [data breach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_breach) because the website does not store your credentials.
- **Ease of use**: multiple accounts are managed by a single login.
But there are disadvantages:
- **Privacy**: the OAuth provider you log in with will know the services you use.
- **Centralization**: if the account you use for OAuth is compromised, or you aren't able to log in to it, all other accounts connected to it are affected.
- **Privacy**: a SSO provider will know the services you use.
- **Centralization**: if your SSO account gets compromised or you aren't able to login to it, all other accounts connected to it are affected.
OAuth can be especially useful in those situations where you could benefit from deeper integration between services. Our recommendation is to limit using OAuth to only where you need it, and always protect the main account with [MFA](multi-factor-authentication.md).
SSO can be especially useful in those situations where you could benefit from deeper integration between services. For example, one of those services may offer SSO for the others. Our recommendation is to limit SSO to only where you need it and protect the main account with [MFA](multi-factor-authentication.md).
All the services that use OAuth will be as secure as your underlying OAuth provider's account. For example, if you want to secure an account with a hardware key, but that service doesn't support hardware keys, you can secure the account you use with OAuth with a hardware key instead, and now you essentially have hardware MFA on all your accounts. It is worth noting though that weak authentication on your OAuth provider account means that any account tied to that login will also be weak.
There is an additional danger when using *Sign in with Google*, *Facebook*, or another service, which is that typically the OAuth process allows for *bidirectional* data sharing. For example, logging in to a forum with your Twitter account could grant that forum access to do things on your Twitter account such as post, read your messages, or access other personal data. OAuth providers will typically present you with a list of things you are granting the external service access to, and you should always ensure that you read through that list and don't inadvertently grant the external service access to anything it doesn't require.
Malicious applications, particularly on mobile devices where the application has access to the WebView session used for logging in to the OAuth provider, can also abuse this process by hijacking your session with the OAuth provider and gaining access to your OAuth account through those means. Using the *Sign in with* option with any provider should usually be considered a matter of convenience that you only use with services you trust to not be actively malicious.
All services that use SSO will be as secure as your SSO account. For example, if you want to secure an account with a hardware key but that service doesn't support hardware keys, you can secure your SSO account with a hardware key and now you essentially have hardware MFA on all your accounts. It is worth noting though that weak authentication on your SSO account means that any account tied to that login will also be weak.
### Phone number

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@@ -3,27 +3,27 @@ title: "Account Deletion"
icon: 'material/account-remove'
description: It's easy to accumulate a large number of internet accounts, here are some tips on how to prune your collection.
---
Over time, it can be easy to accumulate a number of online accounts, many of which you may no longer use. Deleting these unused accounts is an important step in reclaiming your privacy, as dormant accounts are vulnerable to data breaches. A data breach is when a service's security is compromised and protected information is viewed, transmitted, or stolen by unauthorized actors. Data breaches are unfortunately all [too common](https://haveibeenpwned.com/PwnedWebsites) these days, and so practicing good digital hygiene is the best way to minimize the impact they have on your life. The goal of this guide then is to help navigate you through the irksome process of account deletion, often made difficult by [deceptive design](https://deceptive.design), for the betterment of your online presence.
Over time, it can be easy to accumulate a number of online accounts, many of which you may no longer use. Deleting these unused accounts is an important step in reclaiming your privacy, as dormant accounts are vulnerable to data breaches. A data breach is when a service's security is compromised and protected information is viewed, transmitted, or stolen by unauthorized actors. Data breaches are unfortunately all [too common](https://haveibeenpwned.com/PwnedWebsites) these days, and so practicing good digital hygiene is the best way to minimize the impact they have on your life. The goal of this guide then is to help navigate you through the irksome process of account deletion, often made difficult by [deceptive design](https://www.deceptive.design/), for the betterment of your online presence.
## Finding Old Accounts
### Password Manager
If you have a password manager that you've used for your entire digital life, this part will be very easy. Oftentimes, they include built-in functionality for detecting if your credentials were exposed in a data breach—such as Bitwarden's [Data Breach Report](https://bitwarden.com/blog/have-you-been-pwned).
If you have a password manager that you've used for your entire digital life, this part will be very easy. Oftentimes, they include built-in functionality for detecting if your credentials were exposed in a data breach—such as Bitwarden's [Data Breach Report](https://bitwarden.com/blog/have-you-been-pwned/).
<figure markdown>
![Bitwarden's Data Breach Report feature](../assets/img/account-deletion/exposed_passwords.png)
</figure>
Even if you haven't explicitly used a password manager before, there's a chance you've used the one in your browser or your phone without even realizing it. For example: [Firefox Password Manager](https://support.mozilla.org/kb/password-manager-remember-delete-edit-logins), [Google Password Manager](https://passwords.google.com/intro)
and [Edge Password Manager](https://support.microsoft.com/microsoft-edge/save-or-forget-passwords-in-microsoft-edge-b4beecb0-f2a8-1ca0-f26f-9ec247a3f336).
and [Edge Password Manager](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/save-or-forget-passwords-in-microsoft-edge-b4beecb0-f2a8-1ca0-f26f-9ec247a3f336).
Desktop platforms also often have a password manager which may help you recover passwords you've forgotten about:
- Windows [Credential Manager](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/accessing-credential-manager-1b5c916a-6a16-889f-8581-fc16e8165ac0)
- macOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/HT211145)
- iOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/HT211146)
- Linux, Gnome Keyring, which can be accessed through [Seahorse](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Seahorse) or [KDE Wallet Manager](https://userbase.kde.org/KDE_Wallet_Manager)
- Windows [Credential Manager](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/accessing-credential-manager-1b5c916a-6a16-889f-8581-fc16e8165ac0)
- macOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211145)
- iOS [Passwords](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211146)
- Linux, Gnome Keyring, which can be accessed through [Seahorse](https://help.gnome.org/users/seahorse/stable/passwords-view.html.en) or [KDE Wallet Manager](https://userbase.kde.org/KDE_Wallet_Manager)
### Email
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ When attempting to regain access, if the site returns an error message saying th
### GDPR (EEA residents only)
Residents of the EEA have additional rights regarding data erasure specified in [Article 17](https://gdpr-info.eu/art-17-gdpr) of the GDPR. If it's applicable to you, read the privacy policy for any given service to find information on how to exercise your right to erasure. Reading the privacy policy can prove important, as some services have a "Delete Account" option that only disables your account and for real deletion you have to take additional action. Sometimes actual deletion may involve filling out surveys, emailing the data protection officer of the service or even proving your residence in the EEA. If you plan to go this way, do **not** overwrite account information—your identity as an EEA resident may be required. Note that the location of the service does not matter; GDPR applies to anyone serving European users. If the service does not respect your right to erasure, you can contact your national [Data Protection Authority](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/reform/rights-citizens/redress/what-should-i-do-if-i-think-my-personal-data-protection-rights-havent-been-respected_en) and you may be entitled to monetary compensation.
Residents of the EEA have additional rights regarding data erasure specified in [Article 17](https://www.gdpr.org/regulation/article-17.html) of the GDPR. If it's applicable to you, read the privacy policy for any given service to find information on how to exercise your right to erasure. Reading the privacy policy can prove important, as some services have a "Delete Account" option that only disables your account and for real deletion you have to take additional action. Sometimes actual deletion may involve filling out surveys, emailing the data protection officer of the service or even proving your residence in the EEA. If you plan to go this way, do **not** overwrite account information—your identity as an EEA resident may be required. Note that the location of the service does not matter; GDPR applies to anyone serving European users. If the service does not respect your right to erasure, you can contact your national [Data Protection Authority](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/reform/rights-citizens/redress/what-should-i-do-if-i-think-my-personal-data-protection-rights-havent-been-respected_en) and you may be entitled to monetary compensation.
### Overwriting Account information
In some situations where you plan to abandon an account, it may make sense to overwrite the account information with fake data. Once you've made sure you can log in, change all the information in your account to falsified information. The reason for this is that many sites will retain information you previously had even after account deletion. The hope is that they will overwrite the previous information with the newest data you entered. However, there is no guarantee that there won't be backups with the prior information.
For the account email, either create a new alternate email account via your provider of choice or create an alias using an [email aliasing service](../email-aliasing.md). You can then delete your alternate email address once you are done. We recommend against using temporary email providers, as oftentimes it is possible to reactivate temporary emails.
For the account email, either create a new alternate email account via your provider of choice or create an alias using an [email aliasing service](../email.md#email-aliasing-services). You can then delete your alternate email address once you are done. We recommend against using temporary email providers, as oftentimes it is possible to reactivate temporary emails.
### Delete
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ Even when you are able to delete an account, there is no guarantee that all your
## Avoid New Accounts
As the old saying goes, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Whenever you feel tempted to sign up for a new account, ask yourself, "Do I really need this? Can I accomplish what I need to without an account?" It can often be much harder to delete an account than to create one. And even after deleting or changing the info on your account, there might be a cached version from a third-party—like the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org). Avoid the temptation when you're able to—your future self will thank you!
As the old saying goes, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Whenever you feel tempted to sign up for a new account, ask yourself, "Do I really need this? Can I accomplish what I need to without an account?" It can often be much harder to delete an account than to create one. And even after deleting or changing the info on your account, there might be a cached version from a third-party—like the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/). Avoid the temptation when you're able to—your future self will thank you!

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@@ -2,40 +2,6 @@
title: "Common Misconceptions"
icon: 'material/robot-confused'
description: Privacy isn't a straightforward topic, and it's easy to get caught up in marketing claims and other disinformation.
schema:
-
"@context": https://schema.org
"@type": FAQPage
mainEntity:
-
"@type": Question
name: Is open-source software inherently secure?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
Whether the source code is available and how software is licensed does not inherently affect its security in any way. Open-source software has the potential to be more secure than proprietary software, but there is absolutely no guarantee this is the case. When you evaluate software, you should look at the reputation and security of each tool on an individual basis.
-
"@type": Question
name: Can shifting trust to another provider increase privacy?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
We talk about "shifting trust" a lot when discussing solutions like VPNs (which shift the trust you place in your ISP to the VPN provider). While this protects your browsing data from your ISP specifically, the VPN provider you choose still has access to your browsing data: Your data isn't completely secured from all parties.
-
"@type": Question
name: Are privacy-focused solutions inherently trustworthy?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
Focusing solely on the privacy policies and marketing of a tool or provider can blind you to its weaknesses. When you're looking for a more private solution, you should determine what the underlying problem is and find technical solutions to that problem. For example, you may want to avoid Google Drive, which gives Google access to all of your data. The underlying problem in this case is lack of E2EE, so you should make sure that the provider you switch to actually implements E2EE, or use a tool (like Cryptomator) which provides E2EE on any cloud provider. Switching to a "privacy-focused" provider (that doesn't implement E2EE) doesn't solve your problem: it just shifts trust from Google to that provider.
-
"@type": Question
name: How complicated should my threat model be?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
We often see people describing privacy threat models that are overly complex. Often, these solutions include problems like many different email accounts or complicated setups with lots of moving parts and conditions. The replies are usually answers to "What is the best way to do X?"
Finding the "best" solution for yourself doesn't necessarily mean you are after an infallible solution with dozens of conditions—these solutions are often difficult to work with realistically. As we discussed previously, security often comes at the cost of convenience.
---
## "Open-source software is always secure" or "Proprietary software is more secure"
@@ -79,16 +45,13 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
!!! tip
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://www.getmonero.org/). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.

View File

@@ -35,27 +35,21 @@ When it comes to application security, we generally don't (and sometimes can't)
To minimize the damage that a malicious piece of software *could* do, you should employ security by compartmentalization. For example, this could come in the form of using different computers for different jobs, using virtual machines to separate different groups of related applications, or using a secure operating system with a strong focus on application sandboxing and mandatory access control.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
!!! tip
Mobile operating systems generally have better application sandboxing than desktop operating systems: Apps can't obtain root access, and require permission for access to system resources.
Mobile operating systems generally have better application sandboxing than desktop operating systems: Apps can't obtain root access, and require permission for access to system resources.
Desktop operating systems generally lag behind on proper sandboxing. ChromeOS has similar sandboxing capabilities to Android, and macOS has full system permission control (and developers can opt-in to sandboxing for applications). However, these operating systems do transmit identifying information to their respective OEMs. Linux tends to not submit information to system vendors, but it has poor protection against exploits and malicious apps. This can be mitigated somewhat with specialized distributions which make significant use of virtual machines or containers, such as [Qubes OS](../desktop.md#qubes-os).
</div>
Desktop operating systems generally lag behind on proper sandboxing. ChromeOS has similar sandboxing capabilities to Android, and macOS has full system permission control (and developers can opt-in to sandboxing for applications). However, these operating systems do transmit identifying information to their respective OEMs. Linux tends to not submit information to system vendors, but it has poor protection against exploits and malicious apps. This can be mitigated somewhat with specialized distributions which make significant use of virtual machines or containers, such as [Qubes OS](../../desktop/#qubes-os).
<span class="pg-red">:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks</span>
Targeted attacks against a specific person are more problematic to deal with. Common attacks include sending malicious documents via email, exploiting vulnerabilities (e.g. in browsers and operating systems), and physical attacks. If this is a concern for you, you should employ more advanced threat mitigation strategies.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
!!! tip
By design, **web browsers**, **email clients**, and **office applications** typically run untrusted code, sent to you from third parties. Running multiple virtual machines—to separate applications like these from your host system, as well as each other—is one technique you can use to mitigate the chance of an exploit in these applications compromising the rest of your system. For example, technologies like Qubes OS or Microsoft Defender Application Guard on Windows provide convenient methods to do this.
By design, **web browsers**, **email clients**, and **office applications** typically run untrusted code, sent to you from third parties. Running multiple virtual machines—to separate applications like these from your host system, as well as each other—is one technique you can use to mitigate the chance of an exploit in these applications compromising the rest of your system. For example, technologies like Qubes OS or Microsoft Defender Application Guard on Windows provide convenient methods to do this.
</div>
If you are concerned about **physical attacks** you should use an operating system with a secure verified boot implementation, such as Android, iOS, macOS, or [Windows (with TPM)](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process). You should also make sure that your drive is encrypted, and that the operating system uses a TPM or Secure [Enclave](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secure-enclave-sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1) or [Element](https://developers.google.com/android/security/android-ready-se) to rate limit attempts to enter the encryption passphrase. You should avoid sharing your computer with people you don't trust, because most desktop operating systems don't encrypt data separately per-user.
If you are concerned about **physical attacks** you should use an operating system with a secure verified boot implementation, such as Android, iOS, macOS, or [Windows (with TPM)](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process). You should also make sure that your drive is encrypted, and that the operating system uses a TPM or Secure [Enclave](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secure-enclave-sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1) or [Element](https://developers.google.com/android/security/android-ready-se) to rate limit attempts to enter the encryption passphrase. You should avoid sharing your computer with people you don't trust, because most desktop operating systems don't encrypt data separately per-user.
## Privacy From Service Providers
@@ -67,16 +61,13 @@ The obvious problem with this is that the service provider (or a hacker who has
Thankfully, E2EE can alleviate this issue by encrypting communications between you and your desired recipients before they are even sent to the server. The confidentiality of your messages is guaranteed, assuming the service provider doesn't have access to the private keys of either party.
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Note on Web-based Encryption</p>
!!! note "Note on Web-based Encryption"
In practice, the effectiveness of different E2EE implementations varies. Applications, such as [Signal](../real-time-communication.md#signal), run natively on your device, and every copy of the application is the same across different installations. If the service provider were to introduce a [backdoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)) in their application—in an attempt to steal your private keys—it could later be detected with [reverse engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering).
In practice, the effectiveness of different E2EE implementations varies. Applications, such as [Signal](../real-time-communication.md#signal), run natively on your device, and every copy of the application is the same across different installations. If the service provider were to introduce a [backdoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)) in their application—in an attempt to steal your private keys—it could later be detected with [reverse engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering).
On the other hand, web-based E2EE implementations, such as Proton Mail's webmail or Bitwarden's *Web Vault*, rely on the server dynamically serving JavaScript code to the browser to handle cryptography. A malicious server can target you and send you malicious JavaScript code to steal your encryption key (and it would be extremely hard to notice). Because the server can choose to serve different web clients to different people—even if you noticed the attack—it would be incredibly hard to prove the provider's guilt.
On the other hand, web-based E2EE implementations, such as Proton Mail's webmail or Bitwarden's *Web Vault*, rely on the server dynamically serving JavaScript code to the browser to handle cryptography. A malicious server can target you and send you malicious JavaScript code to steal your encryption key (and it would be extremely hard to notice). Because the server can choose to serve different web clients to different people—even if you noticed the attack—it would be incredibly hard to prove the provider's guilt.
Therefore, you should use native applications over web clients whenever possible.
</div>
Therefore, you should use native applications over web clients whenever possible.
Even with E2EE, service providers can still profile you based on **metadata**, which typically isn't protected. While the service provider can't read your messages, they can still observe important things, such as who you're talking to, how often you message them, and when you're typically active. Protection of metadata is fairly uncommon, and—if it's within your [threat model](threat-modeling.md)—you should pay close attention to the technical documentation of the software you're using to see if there's any metadata minimization or protection at all.
@@ -86,23 +77,17 @@ Even with E2EE, service providers can still profile you based on **metadata**, w
Mass surveillance is the intricate effort to monitor the "behavior, many activities, or information" of an entire (or substantial fraction of a) population.[^1] It often refers to government programs, such as the ones [disclosed by Edward Snowden in 2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)). However, it can also be carried out by corporations, either on behalf of government agencies or by their own initiative.
<div class="admonition abstract" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Atlas of Surveillance</p>
!!! abstract "Atlas of Surveillance"
If you want to learn more about surveillance methods and how they're implemented in your city you can also take a look at the [Atlas of Surveillance](https://atlasofsurveillance.org) by the [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://eff.org).
If you want to learn more about surveillance methods and how they're implemented in your city you can also take a look at the [Atlas of Surveillance](https://atlasofsurveillance.org/) by the [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://www.eff.org/).
In France you can take a look at the [Technopolice website](https://technopolice.fr/villes) maintained by the non-profit association La Quadrature du Net.
</div>
In France you can take a look at the [Technolopolice website](https://technopolice.fr/villes/) maintained by the non-profit association La Quadrature du Net.
Governments often justify mass surveillance programs as necessary means to combat terrorism and prevent crime. However, breaching human rights, it's most often used to disproportionately target minority groups and political dissidents, among others.
<div class="admonition quote" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">ACLU: <em><a href="https://aclu.org/news/national-security/the-privacy-lesson-of-9-11-mass-surveillance-is-not-the-way-forward">The Privacy Lesson of 9/11: Mass Surveillance is Not the Way Forward</a></em></p>
!!! quote "ACLU: [*The Privacy Lesson of 9/11: Mass Surveillance is Not the Way Forward*](https://www.aclu.org/news/national-security/the-privacy-lesson-of-9-11-mass-surveillance-is-not-the-way-forward)"
In the face of [Edward Snowden's disclosures of government programs such as [PRISM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM) and [Upstream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_collection)], intelligence officials also admitted that the NSA had for years been secretly collecting records about virtually every Americans phone calls — whos calling whom, when those calls are made, and how long they last. This kind of information, when amassed by the NSA day after day, can reveal incredibly sensitive details about peoples lives and associations, such as whether they have called a pastor, an abortion provider, an addiction counselor, or a suicide hotline.
</div>
In the face of [Edward Snowden's disclosures of government programs such as [PRISM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM) and [Upstream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_collection)], intelligence officials also admitted that the NSA had for years been secretly collecting records about virtually every Americans phone calls — whos calling whom, when those calls are made, and how long they last. This kind of information, when amassed by the NSA day after day, can reveal incredibly sensitive details about peoples lives and associations, such as whether they have called a pastor, an abortion provider, an addiction counselor, or a suicide hotline.
Despite growing mass surveillance in the United States, the government has found that mass surveillance programs like Section 215 have had "little unique value" with respect to stopping actual crimes or terrorist plots, with efforts largely duplicating the FBI's own targeted surveillance programs.[^2]
@@ -144,23 +129,20 @@ If you've already submitted your real information to sites which shouldn't have
Censorship online can be carried out (to varying degrees) by actors including totalitarian governments, network administrators, and service providers. These efforts to control communication and restrict access to information will always be incompatible with the human right to Freedom of Expression.[^5]
Censorship on corporate platforms is increasingly common, as platforms like Twitter and Facebook give in to public demand, market pressures, and pressures from government agencies. Government pressures can be covert requests to businesses, such as the White House [requesting the takedown](https://nytimes.com/2012/09/17/technology/on-the-web-a-fine-line-on-free-speech-across-globe.html) of a provocative YouTube video, or overt, such as the Chinese government requiring companies to adhere to a strict regime of censorship.
Censorship on corporate platforms is increasingly common, as platforms like Twitter and Facebook give in to public demand, market pressures, and pressures from government agencies. Government pressures can be covert requests to businesses, such as the White House [requesting the takedown](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/technology/on-the-web-a-fine-line-on-free-speech-across-globe.html) of a provocative YouTube video, or overt, such as the Chinese government requiring companies to adhere to a strict regime of censorship.
People concerned with the threat of censorship can use technologies like [Tor](../advanced/tor-overview.md) to circumvent it, and support censorship-resistant communication platforms like [Matrix](../real-time-communication.md#element), which doesn't have a centralized account authority that can close accounts arbitrarily.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
!!! tip
While evading censorship itself can be easy, hiding the fact that you are doing it can be very problematic.
While evading censorship itself can be easy, hiding the fact that you are doing it can be very problematic.
You should consider which aspects of the network your adversary can observe, and whether you have plausible deniability for your actions. For example, using [encrypted DNS](../advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-encrypted-dns) can help you bypass rudimentary, DNS-based censorship systems, but it can't truly hide what you are visiting from your ISP. A VPN or Tor can help hide what you are visiting from network administrators, but can't hide that you're using those networks in the first place. Pluggable transports (such as Obfs4proxy, Meek, or Shadowsocks) can help you evade firewalls that block common VPN protocols or Tor, but your circumvention attempts can still be detected by methods like probing or [deep packet inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection).
</div>
You should consider which aspects of the network your adversary can observe, and whether you have plausible deniability for your actions. For example, using [encrypted DNS](../advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-encrypted-dns) can help you bypass rudimentary, DNS-based censorship systems, but it can't truly hide what you are visiting from your ISP. A VPN or Tor can help hide what you are visiting from network administrators, but can't hide that you're using those networks in the first place. Pluggable transports (such as Obfs4proxy, Meek, or Shadowsocks) can help you evade firewalls that block common VPN protocols or Tor, but your circumvention attempts can still be detected by methods like probing or [deep packet inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection).
You must always consider the risks of trying to bypass censorship, the potential consequences, and how sophisticated your adversary may be. You should be cautious with your software selection, and have a backup plan in case you are caught.
[^1]: Wikipedia: [*Mass Surveillance*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance) and [*Surveillance*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance).
[^2]: United States Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board: [*Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215*](https://documents.pclob.gov/prod/Documents/OversightReport/ec542143-1079-424a-84b3-acc354698560/215-Report_on_the_Telephone_Records_Program.pdf)
[^3]: Wikipedia: [*Surveillance capitalism*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism)
[^4]: "[Enumerating badness](https://ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb)" (or, "listing all the bad things that we know about"), as many content blockers and antivirus programs do, fails to adequately protect you from new and unknown threats because they have not yet been added to the filter list. You should also employ other mitigation techniques.
[^4]: "[Enumerating badness](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/)" (or, "listing all the bad things that we know about"), as many adblockers and antivirus programs do, fails to adequately protect you from new and unknown threats because they have not yet been added to the filter list. You should also employ other mitigation techniques.
[^5]: United Nations: [*Universal Declaration of Human Rights*](https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights).

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@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
---
meta_title: "Why Email Isn't the Best Choice for Privacy and Security - Privacy Guides"
title: Email Security
icon: material/email
description: Email is inherently insecure in many ways, and these are some of the reasons it isn't our top choice for secure communications.
@@ -13,29 +12,19 @@ As a result, email is best used for receiving transactional emails (like notific
The standard way to add E2EE to emails between different email providers is by using OpenPGP. There are different implementations of the OpenPGP standard, the most common being [GnuPG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard) and [OpenPGP.js](https://openpgpjs.org).
There is another standard which is popular with business called [S/MIME](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/MIME), however, it requires a certificate issued from a [Certificate Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority) (not all of them issue S/MIME certificates). It has support in [Google Workplace](https://support.google.com/a/topic/9061730) and [Outlook for Web or Exchange Server 2016, 2019](https://support.office.com/article/encrypt-messages-by-using-s-mime-in-outlook-on-the-web-878c79fc-7088-4b39-966f-14512658f480).
There is another standard which is popular with business called [S/MIME](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/MIME), however, it requires a certificate issued from a [Certificate Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority) (not all of them issue S/MIME certificates). It has support in [Google Workplace](https://support.google.com/a/topic/9061730?hl=en&ref_topic=9061731) and [Outlook for Web or Exchange Server 2016, 2019](https://support.office.com/en-us/article/encrypt-messages-by-using-s-mime-in-outlook-on-the-web-878c79fc-7088-4b39-966f-14512658f480).
Even if you use OpenPGP, it does not support [forward secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy), which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. This is why we recommend [instant messengers](../real-time-communication.md) which implement forward secrecy over email for person-to-person communications whenever possible.
## What is the Web Key Directory standard?
The Web Key Directory (WKD) standard allows email clients to discover the OpenPGP key for other mailboxes, even those hosted on a different provider. Email clients which support WKD will ask the recipient's server for a key based on the email address' domain name. For example, if you emailed `jonah@privacyguides.org`, your email client would ask `privacyguides.org` for Jonah's OpenPGP key, and if `privacyguides.org` has a key for that account, your message would be automatically encrypted.
In addition to the [email clients we recommend](../email-clients.md) which support WKD, some webmail providers also support WKD. Whether *your own* key is published to WKD for others to use depends on your domain configuration. If you use an [email provider](../email.md#openpgp-compatible-services) which supports WKD, such as Proton Mail or Mailbox.org, they can publish your OpenPGP key on their domain for you.
If you use your own custom domain, you will need to configure WKD separately. If you control your domain name, you can set up WKD regardless of your email provider. One easy way to do this is to use the "[WKD as a Service](https://keys.openpgp.org/about/usage#wkd-as-a-service)" feature from keys.openpgp.org, by setting a CNAME record on the `openpgpkey` subdomain of your domain pointed to `wkd.keys.openpgp.org`, then uploading your key to [keys.openpgp.org](https://keys.openpgp.org). Alternatively, you can [self-host WKD on your own web server](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKDHosting).
If you use a shared domain from a provider which doesn't support WKD, like @gmail.com, you won't be able to share your OpenPGP key with others via this method.
### What Email Clients Support E2EE?
Email providers which allow you to use standard access protocols like IMAP and SMTP can be used with any of the [email clients we recommend](../email-clients.md). Depending on the authentication method, this may lead to the decrease security if either the provider or the email client does not support OATH or a bridge application as [multi-factor authentication](multi-factor-authentication.md) is not possible with plain password authentication.
### How Do I Protect My Private Keys?
A smartcard (such as a [YubiKey](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360013790259-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-OpenPGP) or [Nitrokey](https://nitrokey.com)) works by receiving an encrypted email message from a device (phone, tablet, computer, etc.) running an email/webmail client. The message is then decrypted by the smartcard and the decrypted content is sent back to the device.
A smartcard (such as a [Yubikey](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013790259-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-OpenPGP) or [Nitrokey](https://www.nitrokey.com)) works by receiving an encrypted email message from a device (phone, tablet, computer, etc) running an email/webmail client. The message is then decrypted by the smartcard and the decrypted content is sent back to the device.
It is advantageous for the decryption to occur on the smartcard to avoid possibly exposing your private key to a compromised device.
It is advantageous for the decryption to occur on the smartcard so as to avoid possibly exposing your private key to a compromised device.
## Email Metadata Overview

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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ TOTP is one of the most common forms of MFA available. When you set up TOTP, you
The time-limited code is then derived from the shared secret and the current time. As the code is only valid for a short time, without access to the shared secret, an adversary cannot generate new codes.
If you have a hardware security key with TOTP support (such as a YubiKey with [Yubico Authenticator](https://yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator)), we recommend that you store your "shared secrets" on the hardware. Hardware such as the YubiKey was developed with the intention of making the "shared secret" difficult to extract and copy. A YubiKey is also not connected to the Internet, unlike a phone with a TOTP app.
If you have a hardware security key with TOTP support (such as a YubiKey with [Yubico Authenticator](https://www.yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator/)), we recommend that you store your "shared secrets" on the hardware. Hardware such as the YubiKey was developed with the intention of making the "shared secret" difficult to extract and copy. A YubiKey is also not connected to the Internet, unlike a phone with a TOTP app.
Unlike [WebAuthn](#fido-fast-identity-online), TOTP offers no protection against [phishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing) or reuse attacks. If an adversary obtains a valid code from you, they may use it as many times as they like until it expires (generally 60 seconds).
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ Beyond just securing your website logins, multi-factor authentication can be use
### Windows
Yubico has a dedicated [Credential Provider](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/secauthn/credential-providers-in-windows) that adds Challenge-Response authentication for the username + password login flow for local Windows accounts. If you have a YubiKey with Challenge-Response authentication support, take a look at the [Yubico Login for Windows Configuration Guide](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360013708460-Yubico-Login-for-Windows-Configuration-Guide), which will allow you to set up MFA on your Windows computer.
Yubico has a dedicated [Credential Provider](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthn/credential-providers-in-windows) that adds Challenge-Response authentication for the username + password login flow for local Windows accounts. If you have a YubiKey with Challenge-Response authentication support, take a look at the [Yubico Login for Windows Configuration Guide](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013708460-Yubico-Login-for-Windows-Configuration-Guide), which will allow you to set up MFA on your Windows computer.
### macOS
macOS has [native support](https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/intro-to-smart-card-integration-depd0b888248/web) for authentication with smart cards (PIV). If you have a smartcard or a hardware security key that supports the PIV interface such as the YubiKey, we recommend that you follow your smartcard/hardware security vendor's documentation and set up second factor authentication for your macOS computer.
Yubico have a guide [Using Your YubiKey as a Smart Card in macOS](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360016649059) which can help you set up your YubiKey on macOS.
Yubico have a guide [Using Your YubiKey as a Smart Card in macOS](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360016649059) which can help you set up your YubiKey on macOS.
After your smartcard/security key is set up, we recommend running this command in the Terminal:
@@ -139,29 +139,26 @@ The command will prevent an adversary from bypassing MFA when the computer boots
### Linux
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
!!! warning
If the hostname of your system changes (such as due to DHCP), you would be unable to login. It is vital that you set up a proper hostname for your computer before following this guide.
If the hostname of your system changes (such as due to DHCP), you would be unable to login. It is vital that you set up a proper hostname for your computer before following this guide.
</div>
The `pam_u2f` module on Linux can provide two-factor authentication for logging in on most popular Linux distributions. If you have a hardware security key that supports U2F, you can set up MFA authentication for your login. Yubico has a guide [Ubuntu Linux Login Guide - U2F](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360016649099-Ubuntu-Linux-Login-Guide-U2F) which should work on any distribution. The package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may however differ. This guide does **not** apply to Qubes OS.
The `pam_u2f` module on Linux can provide two-factor authentication for logging in on most popular Linux distributions. If you have a hardware security key that supports U2F, you can set up MFA authentication for your login. Yubico has a guide [Ubuntu Linux Login Guide - U2F](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360016649099-Ubuntu-Linux-Login-Guide-U2F) which should work on any distribution. The package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may however differ. This guide does **not** apply to Qubes OS.
### Qubes OS
Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you have a YubiKey with Challenge-Response authentication support, take a look at the Qubes OS [YubiKey documentation](https://qubes-os.org/doc/yubikey) if you want to set up MFA on Qubes OS.
Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you have a YubiKey with Challenge-Response authentication support, take a look at the Qubes OS [YubiKey documentation](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/yubikey/) if you want to set up MFA on Qubes OS.
### SSH
#### Hardware Security Keys
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH/) on how to set this up.
#### TOTP
#### Time-based One-time Password (TOTP)
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.
### KeePass (and KeePassXC)
KeePass and KeePassXC databases can be secured using Challenge-Response or HOTP as a second-factor authentication. Yubico has provided a document for KeePass [Using Your YubiKey with KeePass](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360013779759-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-KeePass) and there is also one on the [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org/docs/#faq-yubikey-2fa) website.
KeePass and KeePassXC databases can be secured using Challenge-Response or HOTP as a second-factor authentication. Yubico has provided a document for KeePass [Using Your YubiKey with KeePass](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013779759-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-KeePass) and there is also one on the [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org/docs/#faq-yubikey-2fa) website.

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@@ -26,12 +26,9 @@ You should avoid changing passwords that you have to remember (such as your pass
When it comes to passwords that you don't have to remember (such as passwords stored inside your password manager), if your [threat model](threat-modeling.md) calls for it, we recommend going through important accounts (especially accounts that don't use multi-factor authentication) and changing their password every couple of months, in case they have been compromised in a data breach that hasn't become public yet. Most password managers allow you to set an expiry date for your password to make this easier to manage.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Checking for data breaches</p>
!!! tip "Checking for data breaches"
If your password manager lets you check for compromised passwords, make sure to do so and promptly change any password that may have been exposed in a data breach. Alternatively, you could follow [Have I Been Pwned's Latest Breaches feed](https://feeds.feedburner.com/HaveIBeenPwnedLatestBreaches) with the help of a [news aggregator](../news-aggregators.md).
</div>
If your password manager lets you check for compromised passwords, make sure to do so and promptly change any password that may have been exposed in a data breach. Alternatively, you could follow [Have I Been Pwned's Latest Breaches feed](https://feeds.feedburner.com/HaveIBeenPwnedLatestBreaches) with the help of a [news aggregator](../news-aggregators.md).
## Creating strong passwords
@@ -51,103 +48,43 @@ An example of a diceware passphrase is `viewable fastness reluctant squishy seve
To generate a diceware passphrase using real dice, follow these steps:
<div class="admonition Note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
!!! note
These instructions assume that you are using [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate the passphrase, which requires five dice rolls per word. Other wordlists may require more or less rolls per word, and may require a different amount of words to achieve the same entropy.
</div>
These instructions assume that you are using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate the passphrase, which requires five dice rolls per word. Other wordlists may require more or less rolls per word, and may require a different amount of words to achieve the same entropy.
1. Roll a six-sided die five times, noting down the number after each roll.
2. As an example, let's say you rolled `2-5-2-6-6`. Look through the [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) for the word that corresponds to `25266`.
2. As an example, let's say you rolled `2-5-2-6-6`. Look through the [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) for the word that corresponds to `25266`.
3. You will find the word `encrypt`. Write that word down.
4. Repeat this process until your passphrase has as many words as you need, which you should separate with a space.
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
!!! warning "Important"
You should **not** re-roll words until you get a combination of words that appeal to you. The process should be completely random.
</div>
You should **not** re-roll words until you get a combination of words that appeal to you. The process should be completely random.
If you don't have access to or would prefer to not use real dice, you can use your password manager's built-in password generator, as most of them have the option to generate diceware passphrases in addition to regular passwords.
We recommend using [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate your diceware passphrases, as it offers the exact same security as the original list, while containing words that are easier to memorize. There are also [other wordlists in different languages](https://theworld.com/~reinhold/diceware.html#Diceware%20in%20Other%20Languages|outline), if you do not want your passphrase to be in English.
We recommend using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) to generate your diceware passphrases, as it offers the exact same security as the original list, while containing words that are easier to memorize. There are also [other wordlists in different languages](https://theworld.com/~reinhold/diceware.html#Diceware%20in%20Other%20Languages|outline), if you do not want your passphrase to be in English.
<details class="note" markdown>
<summary>Explanation of entropy and strength of diceware passphrases</summary>
??? note "Explanation of entropy and strength of diceware passphrases"
To demonstrate how strong diceware passphrases are, we'll use the aforementioned seven word passphrase (`viewable fastness reluctant squishy seventeen shown pencil`) and [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) as an example.
To demonstrate how strong diceware passphrases are, we'll use the aforementioned seven word passphrase (`viewable fastness reluctant squishy seventeen shown pencil`) and [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) as an example.
One metric to determine the strength of a diceware passphrase is how much entropy it has. The entropy per word in a diceware passphrase is calculated as <math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mtext>log</mtext>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mtext>WordsInList</mtext>
<mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</math> and the overall entropy of the passphrase is calculated as: <math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mtext>log</mtext>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mtext>WordsInList</mtext>
<mtext>WordsInPhrase</mtext>
</msup>
<mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</math>
One metric to determine the strength of a diceware passphrase is how much entropy it has. The entropy per word in a diceware passphrase is calculated as $\text{log}_2(\text{WordsInList})$ and the overall entropy of the passphrase is calculated as $\text{log}_2(\text{WordsInList}^\text{WordsInPhrase})$.
Therefore, each word in the aforementioned list results in ~12.9 bits of entropy (<math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mtext>log</mtext>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>7776</mn>
<mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</math>), and a seven word passphrase derived from it has ~90.47 bits of entropy (<math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mtext>log</mtext>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mn>7776</mn>
<mn>7</mn>
</msup>
<mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</math>).
Therefore, each word in the aforementioned list results in ~12.9 bits of entropy ($\text{log}_2(7776)$), and a seven word passphrase derived from it has ~90.47 bits of entropy ($\text{log}_2(7776^7)$).
The [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) contains 7776 unique words. To calculate the amount of possible passphrases, all we have to do is <math>
<msup>
<mtext>WordsInList</mtext>
<mtext>WordsInPhrase</mtext>
</msup>
</math>, or in our case, <math><msup><mn>7776</mn><mn>7</mn></msup></math>.
The [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) contains 7776 unique words. To calculate the amount of possible passphrases, all we have to do is $\text{WordsInList}^\text{WordsInPhrase}$, or in our case, $7776^7$.
Let's put all of this in perspective: A seven word passphrase using [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) is one of ~1,719,070,799,748,422,500,000,000,000 possible passphrases.
Let's put all of this in perspective: A seven word passphrase using [EFF's large wordlist](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) is one of ~1,719,070,799,748,422,500,000,000,000 possible passphrases.
On average, it takes trying 50% of all the possible combinations to guess your phrase. With that in mind, even if your adversary is capable of ~1,000,000,000,000 guesses per second, it would still take them ~27,255,689 years to guess your passphrase. That is the case even if the following things are true:
On average, it takes trying 50% of all the possible combinations to guess your phrase. With that in mind, even if your adversary is capable of ~1,000,000,000,000 guesses per second, it would still take them ~27,255,689 years to guess your passphrase. That is the case even if the following things are true:
- Your adversary knows that you used the diceware method.
- Your adversary knows the specific wordlist that you used.
- Your adversary knows how many words your passphrase contains.
</details>
- Your adversary knows that you used the diceware method.
- Your adversary knows the specific wordlist that you used.
- Your adversary knows how many words your passphrase contains.
To sum it up, diceware passphrases are your best option when you need something that is both easy to remember *and* exceptionally strong.
@@ -161,16 +98,13 @@ There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose o
[List of recommended password managers](../passwords.md){ .md-button }
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager</p>
!!! warning "Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager"
When using TOTP codes as [multi-factor authentication](../multi-factor-authentication.md), the best security practice is to keep your TOTP codes in a [separate app](../multi-factor-authentication.md#authenticator-apps).
When using TOTP codes as [multi-factor authentication](../multi-factor-authentication.md), the best security practice is to keep your TOTP codes in a [separate app](../multi-factor-authentication.md#authenticator-apps).
Storing your TOTP tokens in the same place as your passwords, while convenient, reduces the accounts to a single factor in the event that an adversary gains access to your password manager.
Storing your TOTP tokens in the same place as your passwords, while convenient, reduces the accounts to a single factor in the event that an adversary gains access to your password manager.
Furthermore, we do not recommend storing single-use recovery codes in your password manager. Those should be stored separately such as in an encrypted container on an offline storage device.
</div>
Furthermore, we do not recommend storing single-use recovery codes in your password manager. Those should be stored separately such as in an encrypted container on an offline storage device.
### Backups

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