Add revolut

Add private payment methods overview (#1068 )
Fix theme switcher (#2077 )
2025-07-05 19:12:37 +00:00 · 2023-03-09 16:03:56 +10:30 · 2023-03-09 15:13:09 +10:30 · 2023-03-08 14:27:20 +10:30 · 2023-03-06 13:49:03 -06:00 · 2023-03-05 14:52:02 -06:00
2006 changed files with 166233 additions and 2020 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/crowdin-upload.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/crowdin-upload.yml
@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ jobs:
      with:
        upload_sources: true
        upload_sources_args: '--auto-update --delete-obsolete'
-        upload_translations: true
-        auto_approve_imported: false
        download_translations: false
        config: crowdin.yml
      env:
--- a/.github/workflows/pages.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pages.yml
@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ jobs:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          CARDS: true
        run: |
-          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file mkdocs.production.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.fr.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.he.yml
+          pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.nl.yml
          mv .well-known site/
          pipenv run mkdocs --version
      
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[submodule "mkdocs-material-insiders"]
-	path = mkdocs-material
-	url = git@github.com:privacyguides/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
-[submodule "docs/assets/brand"]
-	path = docs/assets/brand
+[submodule "theme/assets/brand"]
+	path = theme/assets/brand
 	url = https://github.com/privacyguides/brand.git
+[submodule "modules/mkdocs-material"]
+	path = modules/mkdocs-material
+	url = git@github.com:privacyguides/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
--- a/Brewfile.netlify
+++ b/Brewfile.netlify
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+brew "pngquant"
--- a/3
+++ b/3
@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ name = "pypi"

 [packages]
 mkdocs = "*"
-mkdocs-material = {path = "./mkdocs-material"}
-mkdocs-static-i18n = "*"
 mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin = "*"
 typing-extensions = "*"
 mkdocs-git-committers-plugin-2 = "*"
 mkdocs-macros-plugin = "*"
 pillow = "*"
 cairosvg = "*"
+mkdocs-material = {path = "./modules/mkdocs-material"}

 [dev-packages]
 scour = "*"
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "e58ad55b2281815cbad8bd08738bc446b516cd8a1892d8d6df9e27dc709e4b76"
+            "sha256": "bbd8e3cc3fd584b0dfa5e2cdf3c7d1b2d1409bcd44cfdb359673fd6b89cae8bd"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
    "default": {
        "babel": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1ad3eca1c885218f6dce2ab67291178944f810a10a9b5f3cb8382a5a232b64fe",
-                "sha256:5ef4b3226b0180dedded4229651c8b0e1a3a6a2837d45a073272f313e4cf97f6"
+                "sha256:b4246fb7677d3b98f501a39d43396d3cafdc8eadb045f4a31be01863f655c610",
+                "sha256:cc2d99999cd01d44420ae725a21c9e3711b3aadc7976d6147f622d8581963455"
            ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.11.0"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.12.1"
        },
        "beautifulsoup4": {
            "hashes": [
@ -126,97 +126,84 @@
        },
        "charset-normalizer": {
            "hashes": [
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-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==3.0.1"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
+            "version": "==3.1.0"
        },
        "click": {
            "hashes": [
@ -275,11 +262,11 @@
        },
        "gitpython": {
            "hashes": [
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-            "version": "==3.1.30"
+            "version": "==3.1.31"
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@ -398,11 +385,11 @@
        },
        "markdown2": {
            "hashes": [
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-            "version": "==2.4.7"
+            "version": "==2.4.8"
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            "hashes": [
@ -486,11 +473,11 @@
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-                "sha256:4ba0e49abea3e9f6ee26e2623ff7283873da657471c61f1d0cfbb986f403316d"
+                "sha256:540b9c930d8d48630c090b72ac2c3900ac2ed0799b23738a33b88e31f5198fe7",
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            ],
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-            "version": "==1.1.0"
+            "version": "==1.2.0"
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        "mkdocs-macros-plugin": {
            "hashes": [
@ -501,8 +488,8 @@
            "version": "==0.7.0"
        },
        "mkdocs-material": {
-            "path": "./mkdocs-material",
-            "version": "==9.0.11+insiders.4.30.0"
+            "path": "./modules/mkdocs-material",
+            "version": "==9.1.1+insiders.4.32.2"
        },
        "mkdocs-material-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
@ -512,13 +499,6 @@
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
            "version": "==1.1.1"
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-        "mkdocs-static-i18n": {
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@ -618,11 +598,11 @@
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+                "sha256:41c9fa55381dedcde3748712536b3d431931090a74f829916cb2264849c1587d",
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            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==2.3.3"
+            "version": "==2.5.2"
        },
        "pycparser": {
            "hashes": [
@ -641,11 +621,11 @@
        },
        "pymdown-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:ebb33069bafcb64d5f5988043331d4ea4929325dc678a6bcf247ddfcf96499f8"
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-            "version": "==9.9.2"
+            "version": "==9.10"
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        "pyquery": {
            "hashes": [
@ -851,11 +831,11 @@
        },
        "soupsieve": {
            "hashes": [
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-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.3.2.post1"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.4"
        },
        "termcolor": {
            "hashes": [
@ -875,11 +855,11 @@
        },
        "typing-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:16fa4864408f655d35ec496218b85f79b3437c829e93320c7c9215ccfd92489e"
+                "sha256:5cb5f4a79139d699607b3ef622a1dedafa84e115ab0024e0d9c044a9479ca7cb",
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            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.4.0"
+            "version": "==4.5.0"
        },
        "urllib3": {
            "hashes": [
@ -891,37 +871,37 @@
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        "watchdog": {
            "hashes": [
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            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
-            "version": "==2.2.1"
+            "version": "==2.3.1"
        },
        "webencodings": {
            "hashes": [
@ -932,11 +912,11 @@
        },
        "zipp": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:23f70e964bc11a34cef175bc90ba2914e1e4545ea1e3e2f67c079671883f9cb6",
-                "sha256:e8b2a36ea17df80ffe9e2c4fda3f693c3dad6df1697d3cd3af232db680950b0b"
+                "sha256:112929ad649da941c23de50f356a2b5570c954b65150642bccdd66bf194d224b",
+                "sha256:48904fc76a60e542af151aded95726c1a5c34ed43ab4134b597665c86d7ad556"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==3.13.0"
+            "version": "==3.15.0"
        }
    },
    "develop": {
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
  <a href="https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed-raw/privacyguides/privacyguides.org">
  </a>
+  <a href="https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides">
+    <img src="https://badges.crowdin.net/privacyguides/localized.svg">
+  </a>
  <a href="https://opencollective.com/privacyguides">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/opencollective/all/privacyguides">
  </a></p>
@ -60,30 +63,18 @@ Our current list of team members can be found [here](https://www.privacyguides.o

 Committing to this repository requires [signing your commits](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/signing-commits) (`git config commit.gpgsign true`) unless you are making edits via the GitHub.com text editor interface. As of August 2022 the preferred signing method is [SSH commit signatures](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/about-commit-signature-verification#ssh-commit-signature-verification), but GPG signing is also acceptable. You should add your signing key to your GitHub profile.

-This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. You can install the website locally with the open-source version of `mkdocs-material`:
-
-1. Clone this repository:
-    - `git clone https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git` (then `cd privacyguides.org`)
-    - `git submodule init`
-    - `git submodule update docs/assets/brand`
-    - `git config gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile .allowed_signers`
-2. Install [Python 3.6+](https://www.python.org/downloads/) (currently only tested with 3.10)
-3. Install [dependencies](/Pipfile): `pip install mkdocs mkdocs-material mkdocs-static-i18n mkdocs-macros-plugin typing-extensions`
-4. Serve the site locally: `mkdocs serve`
-    - The site will be available at `http://localhost:8000`
-    - You can build the site locally with `mkdocs build`
-    - Your local version of the site may be missing functionality, which is expected. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.
+This website uses [`mkdocs-material-insiders`](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/) which offers additional functionality over the open-source `mkdocs-material` project. For obvious reasons we cannot distribute access to the insiders repository. Running this website locally without access to insiders is unsupported. If you are submitting a PR, please ensure the automatic preview generated for your PR looks correct, as that site will be built with the production insiders build.

 **Team members** should clone the repository with `mkdocs-material-insiders` directly. This method is identical to production:

 1. Clone this repository and submodules: `git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git`
 2. Enable SSH commit verification with our local [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) file: `git config gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile .allowed_signers`
-3. Install Python **3.10**
+3. Install Python **3.8**, this is the only version supported by Netlify.
 4. Install **pipenv**: `pip install pipenv`
 5. Install dependencies: `pipenv install --dev` (install [Pillow and CairoSVG](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-social-cards/#dependencies) as well to generate social cards)
-6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file mkdocs.production.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
+6. Serve the site locally: `pipenv run mkdocs serve --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml` (set `CARDS=true` to generate social cards)
    - The site will be available at `http://localhost:8000`
-    - You can build the site locally with `pipenv run mkdocs build`
+    - You can build the site locally with `pipenv run mkdocs build --config-file config/mkdocs.en.yml`
    - This version of the site should be identical to the live, production version

 If you commit to `main` with commits signed with your SSH key, you should add your SSH key to [`.allowed_signers`](/.allowed_signers) in this repo.
--- a/63
+++ b/63
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/  /en/  302  Language=en
+/  /fr/  302  Language=fr
+/  /he/  302  Language=he
+/  /nl/  302  Language=nl
+/  /en/  302
+
+/.well-known/matrix/* https://matrix.privacyguides.org/.well-known/matrix/:splat 200
+
+/kb /en/basics/threat-modeling/
+/:lang/kb /:lang/basics/threat-modeling/
+
+/coc/ /en/CODE_OF_CONDUCT/
+
+/team /en/about/
+/browsers /en/desktop-browsers/
+/blog https://blog.privacyguides.org
+/basics/dns-overview /en/advanced/dns-overview/
+/basics/tor-overview /en/advanced/tor-overview/
+/real-time-communication/communication-network-types /en/advanced/communication-network-types
+/advanced/real-time-communication /en/advanced/communication-network-types
+/android/overview /en/os/android-overview/
+/linux-desktop/overview /en/os/linux-overview/
+/android/grapheneos-vs-calyxos https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/
+/ios/configuration https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/22/ios-configuration-guide/
+/linux-desktop/hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-system-hardening/
+/linux-desktop/sandboxing https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-application-sandboxing/
+/advanced/signal-configuration-hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/
+/real-time-communication/signal-configuration-hardening https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/
+/advanced/integrating-metadata-removal https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/09/integrating-metadata-removal/
+/advanced/erasing-data https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/
+/operating-systems /en/desktop/
+/threat-modeling /en/basics/threat-modeling/
+/self-contained-networks /en/tor/
+/privacy-policy /en/about/privacy-policy/
+/metadata-removal-tools /en/data-redaction/
+/basics /en/kb
+/software/file-encryption /en/encryption/
+/providers /en/tools/#service-providers
+/software/calendar-contacts /en/calendar/
+/calendar-contacts /en/calendar/
+/software/metadata-removal-tools /en/data-redaction/
+/contact /en/about/
+/welcome-to-privacy-guides https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides/
+/software/email /en/email-clients/
+/providers/paste /en/tools/
+/blog/2019/10/05/understanding-vpns https://www.jonaharagon.com/posts/understanding-vpns/
+/terms-and-notices /en/about/notices/
+/software/networks /en/tor/
+/social-news-aggregator /en/news-aggregators/
+/basics/erasing-data https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/
+/linux-desktop /en/desktop/
+
+/providers/:slug /en/:slug/
+/software/:slug /en/:slug/
+/blog/* https://blog.privacyguides.org/:splat
+/assets/* /en/assets/:splat
+
+/:slug/ /en/:slug/
+/about/:slug/ /en/about/:slug/
+/advanced/:slug/ /en/advanced/:slug/
+/basics/:slug/ /en/basics/:slug/
+/meta/:slug/ /en/meta/:slug/
+/os/:slug/ /en/os/:slug/
--- a/config/mkdocs.common.yml
+++ b/config/mkdocs.common.yml
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+extra:
+  social:
+    - icon: simple/mastodon
+      link: https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
+      name: Mastodon
+    - icon: simple/matrix
+      link: https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org
+      name: Matrix
+    - icon: simple/discourse
+      link: https://discuss.privacyguides.net/
+      name: Forum
+    - icon: simple/github
+      link: https://github.com/privacyguides
+      name: GitHub
+  alternate:
+    - name: English
+      link: /en/
+      lang: en
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1fa-1f1f8.svg
+    - name: Français
+      link: /fr/
+      lang: fr
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1eb-1f1f7.svg
+    - name: עִברִית
+      link: /he/
+      lang: he
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1ee-1f1f1.svg
+    - name: Nederlands
+      link: /nl/
+      lang: nl
+      icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twitter/twemoji/master/assets/svg/1f1f3-1f1f1.svg
+
+repo_url: https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org
+repo_name: ""
+
+theme:
+  name: material
+  custom_dir: ../theme
+  favicon: assets/brand/png/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
+  icon:
+    repo: simple/github
+  features:
+    - navigation.tracking
+    - navigation.tabs
+    - navigation.sections
+    - navigation.expand
+    - navigation.path
+    - navigation.indexes
+    - content.tooltips
+    - search.highlight
+
+extra_css:
+  - assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
+extra_javascript:
+  - assets/javascripts/mathjax.js
+  - assets/javascripts/feedback.js
+
+watch:
+  - ../theme
+  - ../includes
+  - mkdocs.common.yml
+
+plugins:
+  tags: {}
+  search: {}
+  macros: {}
+  meta: {}
+  git-committers:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    repository: privacyguides/privacyguides.org
+    branch: main
+  git-revision-date-localized:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    exclude:
+      - index.md
+    fallback_to_build_date: true
+  privacy:
+    external_assets_exclude:
+      - cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/*
+      - api.privacyguides.net/*
+  optimize:
+    enabled: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  admonition: {}
+  pymdownx.details: {}
+  pymdownx.superfences:
+    custom_fences:
+      - name: mermaid
+        class: mermaid
+        format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format
+  pymdownx.tabbed:
+    alternate_style: true
+  pymdownx.arithmatex:
+    generic: true
+  pymdownx.critic: {}
+  pymdownx.caret: {}
+  pymdownx.keys: {}
+  pymdownx.mark: {}
+  pymdownx.tilde: {}
+  pymdownx.snippets: {}
+  pymdownx.tasklist:
+    custom_checkbox: true
+  attr_list: {}
+  def_list: {}
+  md_in_html: {}
+  meta: {}
+  abbr: {}
+  pymdownx.emoji:
+    emoji_index: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.twemoji
+    emoji_generator: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.to_svg
+  tables: {}
+  footnotes: {}
+  toc:
+    permalink: true
+    toc_depth: 4
--- a/config/mkdocs.en.yml
+++ b/config/mkdocs.en.yml
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../docs'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/en/"
+site_dir: '../site/en'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides is your central privacy and security resource to protect yourself online.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Was this page helpful?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "This page was helpful"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "This page could be improved"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: en
+  logo: ../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
+  font:
+    text: Public Sans
+    code: DM Mono
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Switch to dark mode"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Switch to light mode"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Switch to system theme"
+
+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-en
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  pymdownx.snippets:
+    auto_append: 
+      - includes/abbreviations.en.txt
+
+nav:
+  - Home: 'index.md'
+  - Knowledge Base:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Technology Essentials:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - Advanced Topics:
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/payments.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommendations:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Internet Browsing:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Operating Systems:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - Providers:
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'financial-services.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - Software:
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - About:
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
--- a/config/mkdocs.fr.yml
+++ b/config/mkdocs.fr.yml
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/fr'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/fr/"
+site_dir: '../site/fr'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides est votre ressource centrale en matière de vie privée et de sécurité pour vous protéger en ligne.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors. 
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span> 
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/fr/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Cette page vous a été utile ?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "Cette page a été utile"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Merci pour votre retour !"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "Cette page pourrait être améliorée"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Thanks for your feedback! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: fr
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
+  font:
+    text: Public Sans
+    code: DM Mono
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Basculer en mode sombre"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Basculer en mode clair"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Basculer vers le thème du système"
+
+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-fr
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  pymdownx.snippets:
+    auto_append: 
+      - includes/abbreviations.fr.txt
+
+nav:
+  - Accueil: 'index.md'
+  - Base de connaissances:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Les essentiels de la technologie:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - "Sujets avancés":
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/payments.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommandations:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Navigation internet:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "Systèmes d'exploitation":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - "Fournisseurs":
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'financial-services.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - "Logiciels":
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - "À propos":
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Journal des modifications: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
--- a/config/mkdocs.he.yml
+++ b/config/mkdocs.he.yml
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/he'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/he/"
+site_dir: '../site/he'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides (מדריכי פרטיות) הם משאב הפרטיות והאבטחה המרכזי שלכם כדי להגן על עצמכם באופן מקוון.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is a non-profit, socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.<br>
+  We do not make money from recommending certain products, and we do not use affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides and contributors.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Content licensed under <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/i18n/he/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "האם הדף הזה עזר לך?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "הדף הזה היה מועיל"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "תודה על המשוב שלך!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "דף זה יכול להשתפר"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "תודה על המשוב שלך! Help us improve this page by opening a <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussion on our forum</a>."
+
+extra_css:
+  - assets/stylesheets/extra.css?v=3.2.0
+  - assets/stylesheets/lang-he.css?v=3.4.0
+
+theme:
+  language: he
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
+  font:
+    text: Open Sans
+    code: Cousine
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "עבור למצב כהה"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "עבור למצב בהיר"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "עבור לערכת הנושא של המערכת"
+
+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Suez One
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-he
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  pymdownx.snippets:
+    auto_append: 
+      - includes/abbreviations.he.txt
+
+nav:
+  - "דף הבית": 'index.md'
+  - "ידע בסיסי":
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - "יסודות הטכנולוגיה":
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - "נושאים מתקדמים":
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/payments.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - "המלצות":
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - "גלישה באינטרנט":
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - "מערכות הפעלה":
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - "ספקים":
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'financial-services.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - "תוכנה":
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - "על אודות":
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - "יומן שינויים": 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - "פורום": 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - "בלוג": 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
--- a/config/mkdocs.nl.yml
+++ b/config/mkdocs.nl.yml
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+INHERIT: mkdocs.common.yml
+docs_dir: '../i18n/nl'
+site_url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/nl/"
+site_dir: '../site/nl'
+
+site_name: Privacy Guides
+site_description: |
+  Privacy Guides is jouw centrale bron voor privacy en beveiliging om jezelf online te beschermen.
+copyright: |
+  <b>Privacy Guides</b> is een non-profit, sociaal gemotiveerde website die informatie biedt voor de bescherming van jouw gegevensbeveiliging en privacy.<br>
+  Wij verdienen geen geld met het aanbevelen van bepaalde producten, en wij maken geen gebruik van affiliate links.<br>
+  &copy; 2022 Privacy Guides en medewerkers.
+  <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="m245.83 214.87-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"></path></svg></span><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3zm94 144.3v42.5H162.1V197h180.3zm0 79.8v42.5H162.1v-42.5h180.3z"></path></svg></span>
+  Inhoud gelicentieerd onder <a href="/about/"><strong>CC BY-ND 4.0</strong></a>.
+edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
+
+extra:
+  generator: false
+  analytics:
+    provider: plausible
+    property: privacyguides.org
+    feedback:
+      title: "Was deze pagina nuttig?"
+      ratings:
+        - icon: material/robot-happy-outline
+          name: "Deze pagina was nuttig"
+          data: Helpful
+          note: "Bedankt voor je feedback!"
+        - icon: material/robot-confused
+          name: "Deze pagina kan worden verbeterd"
+          data: Needs Improvement
+          note: "Bedankt voor jouw feedback! Help ons deze pagina te verbeteren door een <a href='https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'>discussie te openen op ons forum</a>."
+
+theme:
+  language: nl
+  logo: ../../theme/assets/brand/SVG/Logo/privacy-guides-logo-notext-colorbg.svg
+  font:
+    text: Public Sans
+    code: DM Mono
+  palette:
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-auto
+        name: "Verander naar donker thema"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      accent: amber
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-2
+        name: "Verander naar licht thema"
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      accent: deep purple
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-5
+        name: "Verander naar systeem thema"
+
+plugins:
+  social:
+    cards: !ENV [NETLIFY, false]
+    cards_color:
+      fill: "#FFD06F"
+      text: "#2d2d2d"
+    cards_dir: assets/img/social
+    cards_font: Public Sans
+    cache_dir: .cache/plugin/social-nl
+
+markdown_extensions:
+  pymdownx.snippets:
+    auto_append: 
+      - includes/abbreviations.nl.txt
+
+nav:
+  - Home: 'index.md'
+  - Kennisbank:
+    - 'basics/threat-modeling.md'
+    - 'basics/common-threats.md'
+    - 'basics/common-misconceptions.md'
+    - 'basics/account-creation.md'
+    - 'basics/account-deletion.md'
+    - Technologie essenties:
+      - 'basics/passwords-overview.md'
+      - 'basics/multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'basics/email-security.md'
+      - 'basics/vpn-overview.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'os/android-overview.md'
+      - 'os/linux-overview.md'
+      - 'os/qubes-overview.md'
+    - Gevorderde onderwerpen:
+      - 'advanced/dns-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/tor-overview.md'
+      - 'advanced/payments.md'
+      - 'advanced/communication-network-types.md'
+    - kb-archive.md
+  - Recommendaties:
+    - 'tools.md'
+    - Surfen op het internet:
+      - 'tor.md'
+      - 'desktop-browsers.md'
+      - 'mobile-browsers.md'
+    - Besturings systemen:
+      - 'android.md'
+      - 'desktop.md'
+      - 'router.md'
+    - Providers:
+      - 'cloud.md'
+      - 'dns.md'
+      - 'email.md'
+      - 'financial-services.md'
+      - 'search-engines.md'
+      - 'vpn.md'
+    - Software:
+      - 'calendar.md'
+      - 'cryptocurrency.md'
+      - 'data-redaction.md'
+      - 'email-clients.md'
+      - 'encryption.md'
+      - 'file-sharing.md'
+      - 'frontends.md'
+      - 'multi-factor-authentication.md'
+      - 'news-aggregators.md'
+      - 'notebooks.md'
+      - 'passwords.md'
+      - 'productivity.md'
+      - 'real-time-communication.md'
+      - 'video-streaming.md'
+  - Over ons:
+    - 'about/index.md'
+    - 'about/criteria.md'
+    - 'about/statistics.md'
+    - 'about/notices.md'
+    - 'about/privacy-policy.md'
+    - Community:
+      - 'about/donate.md'
+      - Online Services: 'about/services.md'
+      - Code of Conduct: 'CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md'
+      - 'about/privacytools.md'
+    - Contributing:
+      - Writing Guide:
+        - 'meta/writing-style.md'
+        - 'meta/brand.md'
+      - Technical Guides:
+        - 'meta/uploading-images.md'
+        - 'meta/git-recommendations.md'
+  - Changelog: 'https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases'
+  - Forum: 'https://discuss.privacyguides.net/'
+  - Blog: 'https://blog.privacyguides.org/'
--- a/crowdin.yml
+++ b/crowdin.yml
@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ api_token_env: CROWDIN_PERSONAL_TOKEN
 project_id: "509862"
 "preserve_hierarchy": true
 files:
- source: "/docs/**/*.en.*"
-  translation: "/docs/**/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.%file_extension%"
-  translation_replace:
-    "en.": ""
+- source: "/docs/**/*.*"
+  translation: "/i18n/%two_letters_code%/**/%file_name%.%file_extension%"
+  skip_untranslated_files: false
 - source: "/theme/overrides/*.en.html"
  translation: "/theme/overrides/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.html"
  translation_replace:
    "en.": ""
- source: "/includes/*.en.md"
-  translation: "/includes/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.md"
+  skip_untranslated_files: false
+- source: "/includes/*.en.*"
+  translation: "/includes/%file_name%.%two_letters_code%.%file_extension%"
  translation_replace:
    "en.": ""
+  skip_untranslated_files: false
--- a/docs/404.md
+++ b/docs/404.md
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - feedback
+meta:
+  - property: "robots"
+    content: "noindex, nofollow"
+---
+
+# 404 - Not Found
+
+We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
+
+- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
+- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
+- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
+- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
+- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
--- a/docs/about/criteria.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/criteria.en.md
--- a/docs/about/donate.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/donate.en.md
--- a/docs/about/index.md
+++ b/docs/about/index.md
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+template: schema.html
+title: "About Privacy Guides"
+description: Privacy Guides is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.
+---
+![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }
+
+**Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides [information](/kb) for protecting your data security and privacy. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors. Our website is free of advertisements and not affiliated with any listed providers.
+
+[:octicons-home-16:](https://www.privacyguides.org/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](donate.md){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+The purpose of Privacy Guides is to educate our community on the importance of privacy online and government programs internationally that are designed to monitor all of your online activities.
+
+> To find [privacy-focused alternative] apps, check out sites like Good Reports and **Privacy Guides**, which list privacy-focused apps in a variety of categories, notably including email providers (usually on paid plans) that aren’t run by the big tech companies.
+
+— [New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy/)
+
+> If you're looking for a new VPN, you can go to the discount code of just about any podcast. If you are looking for a **good** VPN, you need professional help. The same goes for email clients, browsers, operating systems and password managers. How do you know which of these is the best, most privacy-friendly option? For that there is **Privacy Guides**, a platform on which a number of volunteers search day in, day out for the best privacy-friendly tools to use on the internet.
+
+— [Tweakers.net](https://tweakers.net/reviews/10568/op-zoek-naar-privacyvriendelijke-tools-niek-de-wilde-van-privacy-guides.html) [Translated from Dutch]
+
+Also featured on: [Ars Technica](https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/02/is-firefox-ok/), [Wirecutter](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-windows-pc/) [[2](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-your-mac/)], and [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022/).
+
+## History
+
+Privacy Guides was launched in September 2021 as a continuation of the [defunct](privacytools.md) "PrivacyTools" open-source educational project. We recognized the importance of independent, criteria-focused product recommendations and general knowledge in the privacy space, which is why we needed to preserve the work that had been created by so many contributors since 2015 and make sure that information had a stable home on the web indefinitely.
+
+In 2022, we completed the transition of our main website framework from Jekyll to MkDocs, using the `mkdocs-material` documentation software. This change made open-source contributions to our site significantly easier for outsiders, because instead of needing to know complicated syntax to write posts effectively, contributing is now as easy as writing a standard Markdown document.
+
+We additionally launched our new discussion forum at [discuss.privacyguides.net](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) as a community platform to share ideas and ask questions about our mission. This augments our existing community on Matrix, and replaced our previous GitHub Discussions platform, decreasing our reliance on proprietary discussion platforms.
+
+So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [French](/fr/), [Hebrew](/he/), and [Dutch](/nl/), with more languages on the way, made possible by our excellent translation team on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides). We plan to continue carrying forward our mission of outreach and education, and finding ways to more clearly highlight the dangers of a lack of privacy awareness in the modern digital age, and the prevalence and harms of security breaches across the technology industry.
+
+## Our Team
+
+??? person "@jonah"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/jonah)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/jonaharagon "@jonaharagon")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@jonah "@jonah@neat.computer"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://www.jonaharagon.com)
+
+??? person "@niek-de-wilde"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/Niek-de-Wilde)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/blacklight447 "@blacklight447")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@blacklight447 "@blacklight447@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
+
+??? person "@dngray"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/dngray)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/dngray "@dngray")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@dngray "@dngray@mastodon.social"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:dngray@privacyguides.org)
+
+??? person "@freddy"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/freddy)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/freddy-m "@freddy-m")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://social.lol/@freddy "@freddy@social.lol"){rel=me}
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-envelope: Email](mailto:freddy@privacyguides.org)
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://freddy.omg.lol)
+
+??? person "@mfwmyfacewhen"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/mfwmyfacewhen)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/mfwmyfacewhen "@mfwmyfacewhen")
+    - [:fontawesome-solid-house: Homepage](https://mfw.omg.lol)
+
+??? person "@olivia"
+
+    - [:simple-discourse: Discourse](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/u/olivia)
+    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/hook9 "@hook9")
+    - [:simple-mastodon: Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@oliviablob "@oliviablob@neat.computer"){rel=me}
+
+Additionally, [many people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) have made contributions to the project. You can too, we're open sourced on GitHub, and accepting translation suggestions on [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
+
+Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrative duties such as web hosting and financials, however they do not personally profit from any contributions made to this site. Our financials are transparently hosted by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)(3) at [opencollective.com/privacyguides](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides). Donations to Privacy Guides are generally tax-deductible in the United States.
+
+## Site License
+
+*The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE):*
+
+:fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.
+
+This license is in place to prevent people from sharing our work without giving proper credit, and to prevent people from modifying our work in a way that could be used to mislead people. If you find the terms of this license too restrictive for the project you're working on, please reach out to us at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. We are happy to provide alternative licensing options for well-intentioned projects in the privacy space!
--- a/docs/about/notices.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/notices.en.md
--- a/docs/about/privacy-policy.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/privacy-policy.en.md
--- a/docs/about/privacytools.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/privacytools.en.md
--- a/docs/about/services.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/services.en.md
--- a/docs/about/statistics.en.md
+++ b/docs/about/statistics.en.md
--- a/docs/advanced/communication-network-types.en.md
+++ b/docs/advanced/communication-network-types.en.md
--- a/docs/advanced/dns-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/advanced/dns-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/advanced/payments.md
+++ b/docs/advanced/payments.md
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+title: Private Payments
+icon: material/hand-coin
+---
+There's a reason data about your buying habits is considered the holy grail of ad targeting: your purchases can leak a veritable treasure trove of data about you. Unfortunately, the current financial system is anti-privacy by design, enabling banks, other companies, and governments to easily trace transactions. Nevertheless, you have plenty of options when it comes to making payments privately.
+
+## Cash
+
+For centuries, **cash** has functioned as the primary form of private payment. Cash has excellent privacy properties in most cases, is widely accepted in most countries, and is **fungible**, meaning it is non-unique and completely interchangable.
+
+Cash payment laws vary by country. In the United States, special disclosure is required for cash payments over $10,000 to the IRS on [Form 8300](https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/form-8300-and-reporting-cash-payments-of-over-10000). The receiving business is required to ID verify the payee’s name, address, occupation, date of birth, and Social Security Number or other TIN (with some exceptions). Lower limits without ID such as $3,000 or less exist for exchanges and money transmission. Cash also contains serial numbers. These are almost never tracked by merchants, but they can be used by law enforcement in targeted investigations.
+
+Despite this, it’s typically the best option.
+
+## Prepaid Cards & Gift Cards
+
+It’s relatively simple to purchase gift cards and prepaid cards at most grocery stores and convenience stores with cash. Gift cards usually don’t have a fee, though prepaid cards often do, so pay close attention to these fees and expiry dates. Some stores may ask to see your ID at checkout to reduce fraud.
+
+Gift cards usually have limits of up to $200 per card, but some offer limits of up to $2,000 per card. Prepaid cards (eg: from Visa or Mastercard) usually have limits of up to $1,000 per card.
+
+Gift cards have the downside of being subject to merchant policies, which can have terrible terms and restrictions. For example, some merchants don’t accept payment in gift cards exclusively, or they may cancel the value of the card if they consider you to be a high-risk user. Once you have merchant credit, the merchant has a strong degree of control over this credit.
+
+Prepaid cards don’t allow cash withdrawals from ATMs or “peer-to-peer” payments in Venmo and similar apps.
+
+Cash remains the best option for in-person purchases for most people. Gift cards can be useful for the savings they bring. Prepaid cards can be useful for places that don’t accept cash. Gift cards and prepaid cards are easier to use online than cash, and they are easier to acquire with cryptocurrencies than cash.
+
+### Online Marketplaces
+
+If you have [cryptocurrency](../cryptocurrency.md), you can purchase gift cards with an online gift card marketplace. Some of these services offer ID verification options for higher limits, but they also allow accounts with just an email address. Basic limits start at $5,000-10,000 a day for basic accounts, and significantly higher limits for ID verified accounts (if offered).
+
+When buying gift cards online, there is usually a slight discount. Prepaid cards are usually sold online at face value or with a fee. If you buy prepaid cards and gift cards with cryptocurrencies, you should strongly prefer to pay with Monero which provides strong privacy, more on this below. Paying for a gift card with a traceable payment method negates the benefits a gift card can provide when purchased with cash or Monero.
+
+- [Online Gift Card Marketplaces :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../financial-services.md#gift-card-marketplaces)
+
+## Virtual Cards
+
+Another way to protect your information from merchants online is to use virtual, single-use cards which mask your actual banking or billing information. This is primarily useful for protecting you from merchant data breaches, less sophisticated tracking or purchase correlation by marketing agencies, and online data theft. They do **not** assist you in making a purchase completely anonymously, nor do they hide any information from the banking institution themselves. Regular financial institutions which offer virtual cards are subject to "Know Your Customer" (KYC) laws, meaning they may require your ID or other identifying information.
+
+- [Recommended Payment Masking Services :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../financial-services.md#payment-masking-services)
+
+These tend to be good options for recurring/subscription payments online, while prepaid gift cards are preferred for one-time transactions.
+
+## Cryptocurrency
+
+Cryptocurrencies are a digital form of currency designed to work without central authorities such as a government or bank. While *some* cryptocurrency projects can allow you to make private transactions online, many use a public blockchain which does not provide any transaction privacy. Cryptocurrencies also tend to be very volatile assets, meaning their value can change rapidly and significantly at any time. As such, we generally don't recommend using cryptocurrency as a long-term store of value. If you decide to use cryptocurrency online, make sure you have a full understanding of its privacy aspects beforehand, and only invest amounts which would not be disastrous to lose.
+
+!!! danger
+
+    The vast majority of cryptocurrencies operate on a **public** blockchain, meaning that every transaction is public knowledge. This includes even most well-known cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Transactions with these cryptocurrencies should not be considered private and will not protect your anonymity.
+
+    Additionally, many if not most cryptocurrencies are scams. Make transactions carefully with only projects you trust.
+
+### Privacy Coins
+
+There are a number of cryptocurrency projects which purport to provide privacy by making transactions anonymous. We recommend using one which provides transaction anonymity **by default** to avoid operational errors.
+
+- [Recommended Cryptocurrency :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../cryptocurrency.md#coins)
+
+Privacy coins have been subject to increasing scrutiny by government agencies. In 2020, [the IRS published a $625,000 bounty](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2020/09/14/irs-will-pay-up-to-625000-if-you-can-crack-monero-other-privacy-coins/?sh=2e9808a085cc) for tools which can break Bitcoin Lightning Network and/or Monero's transaction privacy. They ultimately [paid two companies](https://sam.gov/opp/5ab94eae1a8d422e88945b64181c6018/view) (Chainalysis and Integra Fec) a combined $1.25 million for tools which purport to do so (it is unknown which cryptocurrency network these tools target). Due to the secrecy surrounding tools like these, ==none of these methods of tracing cryptocurrencies have been independently confirmed.== It is quite likely that tools which assist targeted investigations into private coin transactions exist, and that privacy coins only succeed in thwarting mass surveillance.
+
+### Other Coins (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.)
+
+The vast majority of cryptocurrency projects use a public blockchain, meaning that all transactions are both easily traceable and permanent. As such, we strongly discourage the use of most cryptocurrency for privacy-related reasons.
+
+Anonymous transactions on a public blockchain are *theoretically* possible, and the Bitcoin wiki [gives one example of a "completely anonymous" transaction](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy#Example_-_A_perfectly_private_donation). However, doing so requires a complicated setup involving Tor and "solo-mining" a block to generate completely independent cryptocurrency, a practice which has not been practical for nearly any enthusiast for many years.
+
+==Your best option is to avoid these cryptocurrencies entirely and stick with one which provides privacy by default.== Attempting to use other cryptocurrency is outside the scope of this site and strongly discouraged.
+
+### Wallet Custody
+
+With cryptocurrency there are two forms of wallets: custodial wallets and noncustodial wallets. Custodial wallets are operated by centralized companies/exchanges, where the private key for your wallet is held by that company, and you can access them anywhere typically with a regular username and password. Noncustodial wallets are wallets where you control and manage the private keys to access it. Assuming you keep your wallet's private keys secured and backed up, noncustodial wallets provide greater security and censorship-resistance over custodial wallets, because your cryptocurrency can't be stolen or frozen by a company with custody over your private keys. Key custody is especially important when it comes to privacy coins: Custodial wallets grant the operating company the ability to view your transactions, negating the privacy benefits of those cryptocurrencies.
+
+### Acquisition
+
+Acquiring [cryptocurrencies](../cryptocurrency.md) like Monero privately can be difficult. P2P marketplaces like [LocalMonero](https://localmonero.co/), a platform which facilitates trades between people, are one option that can be used. If using an exchange which requires KYC is an acceptable risk for you as long as subsequent transactions can't be traced, a much easier option is to purchase Monero on an exchange like [Kraken](https://kraken.com/), or purchase Bitcoin/Litecoin from a KYC exchange which can then be swapped for Monero. Then, you can withdraw the purchased Monero to your own noncustodial wallet to use privately from that point forward.
+
+If you go this route, make sure to purchase Monero at different times and in different amounts than where you will spend it. If you purchase $5000 of Monero at an exchange and make a $5000 purchase in Monero an hour later, those actions could potentially be correlated by an outside observer regardless of which path the Monero took. Staggering purchases and purchasing larger amounts of Monero in advance to later spend on multiple smaller transactions can avoid this pitfall.
+
+## Additional Considerations
+
+When you're making a payment in-person with cash, make sure to keep your in-person privacy in mind. Security cameras are ubiquitous. Consider wearing non-distinct clothing and a face mask (such as a surgical mask or N95). Don’t sign up for rewards programs or provide any other information about yourself.
+
+When purchasing online, ideally you should do so over [Tor](tor-overview.md). However, many merchants don’t allow purchases with Tor. You can consider using a [recommended VPN](../vpn.md) (paid for with cash, gift card, or Monero), or making the purchase from a coffee shop or library with free Wi-Fi. If you are ordering a physical item that needs to be delivered, you will need to provide a delivery address. You should consider using a PO box, private mailbox, or work address.
--- a/docs/advanced/tor-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/advanced/tor-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/android.en.md
+++ b/docs/android.en.md
@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ The **Android Open Source Project** is an open-source mobile operating system le

 These are the Android operating systems, devices, and apps we recommend to maximize your mobile device's security and privacy. To learn more about Android:

- [General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md)
- [Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/)
+[General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md){ .md-button }
+
+[Why we recommend GrapheneOS over CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/){ .md-button }

 ## AOSP Derivatives

@ -312,13 +313,13 @@ If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature wi

 Due to their process of building apps, apps in the official F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust.

-Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
+Other popular third-party repositories such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that respository when they make it to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.

-That said, the [F-droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.
+That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. It is important to keep in mind that some apps in these repositories have not been updated in years and may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method.

 !!! note

-    In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-droid app to obtain it.
+    In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org/) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using [Neo Store](https://github.com/NeoApplications/Neo-Store/) instead of the official F-Droid app to obtain it.

 ## Criteria

--- a/docs/assets/img/account-deletion/exposed_passwords.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/account-deletion/exposed_passwords.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/android/rss-apk-dark.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/android/rss-apk-dark.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/android/rss-apk-light.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/android/rss-apk-light.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/android/rss-changes-dark.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/android/rss-changes-dark.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/android/rss-changes-light.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/android/rss-changes-light.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption-dark.en.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption-dark.en.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption.en.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-encryption.en.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.fr.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.fr.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.he.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.he.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.nl.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.nl.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.en.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.en.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.fr.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.fr.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.he.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.he.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.nl.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.nl.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.en.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.en.svg
--- a/docs/assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/fido.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/fido.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/yubico-otp.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/yubico-otp.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/qubes/qubes-trust-level-architecture.en.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/qubes/qubes-trust-level-architecture.en.png
--- a/docs/assets/img/qubes/qubes-trust-level-architecture.fr.png
+++ b/docs/assets/img/qubes/qubes-trust-level-architecture.fr.png
--- a/docs/basics/account-creation.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/account-creation.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/account-deletion.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/account-deletion.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/common-misconceptions.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/common-misconceptions.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/common-threats.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/common-threats.en.md
@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ Mass surveillance is the intricate effort to monitor the "behavior, many activit
 !!! abstract "Atlas of Surveillance"

    If you want to learn more about surveillance methods and how they're implemented in your city you can also take a look at the [Atlas of Surveillance](https://atlasofsurveillance.org/) by the [Electronic Frontier Foundation](https://www.eff.org/).
-    In France you can take a loot at the [Technolopolice website](https://technopolice.fr/villes/) maintained by the non-profit association La Quadrature du Net.

    In France you can take a look at the [Technolopolice website](https://technopolice.fr/villes/) maintained by the non-profit association La Quadrature du Net.

--- a/docs/basics/email-security.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/email-security.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/multi-factor-authentication.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/multi-factor-authentication.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/passwords-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/passwords-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/threat-modeling.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/threat-modeling.en.md
--- a/docs/basics/vpn-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/basics/vpn-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/calendar.en.md
+++ b/docs/calendar.en.md
--- a/docs/cloud.en.md
+++ b/docs/cloud.en.md
--- a/docs/cryptocurrency.md
+++ b/docs/cryptocurrency.md
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: Cryptocurrency
+icon: material/bank-circle
+---
+
+Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These cryptocurrencies provide transaction privacy by default (something which is **not** guaranteed by the majority of cryptocurrencies), provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
+
+[Making Private Payments :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/payments.md){ .md-button }
+
+!!! danger
+
+    Many if not most cryptocurrency projects are scams. Make transactions carefully with only projects you trust.
+
+## Monero
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Monero logo](assets/img/cryptocurrency/monero.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Monero** uses a blockchain with privacy-enhancing technologies that obfuscate transactions to achieve anonymity. Every Monero transaction hides the transaction amount, sending and receiving addresses, and source of funds without any hoops to jump through, making it an ideal choice for cryptocurrency novices.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.getmonero.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.getmonero.org/resources/user-guides/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/monero-project/monero){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.getmonero.org/get-started/contributing/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+With Monero, outside observers cannot decipher addresses trading Monero, transaction amounts, address balances, or transaction histories.
+
+For optimal privacy, make sure to use a noncustodial wallet where the view key stays on the device. This means that only you will have the ability to spend your funds and see incoming and outgoing transactions. If you use a custodial wallet, the provider can see **everything** you do; if you use a “lightweight” wallet where the provider retains your private view key, the provider can see almost everything you do. Some noncustodial wallets include:
+
+- [Official Monero client](https://getmonero.org/downloads) (Desktop)
+- [Cake Wallet](https://cakewallet.com/) (iOS, Android)
+    - Cake Wallet supports multiple cryptocurrencies. A Monero-only version of Cake Wallet is available at [Monero.com](https://monero.com/).
+- [Feather Wallet](https://featherwallet.org/) (Desktop)
+- [Monerujo](https://www.monerujo.io/) (Android)
+
+For maximum privacy (even with a noncustodial wallet), you should run your own Monero node. Using another person’s node will expose some information to them, such as the IP address that you connect to it from, the timestamps that you sync your wallet, and the transactions that you send from your wallet (though no other details about those transactions). Alternatively, you can connect to someone else’s Monero node over Tor or i2p.
+
+In August 2021, CipherTrace [announced](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ciphertrace-announces-enhanced-monero-tracing-160000275.html) enhanced Monero tracing capabilities for government agencies. Public postings show that the US Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network [licensed](https://sam.gov/opp/d12cbe9afbb94ca68006d0f006d355ac/view) CipherTrace's "Monero Module" in late 2022.
+
+Monero transaction graph privacy is limited by its relatively small ring signatures, especially against targeted attacks. Monero's privacy features have also been [called into question](https://web.archive.org/web/20180331203053/https://www.wired.com/story/monero-privacy/) by some security researchers, and a number of severe vulnerabilities have been found and patched in the past, so the claims made by organizations like CipherTrace are not out of the question. While it's unlikely that Monero mass surveillance tools exist like they do for Bitcoin and others, it's certain that tracing tools assist with targeted investigations.
+
+Ultimately, Monero is the strongest contender for a privacy-friendly cryptocurrency, but its privacy claims have **not** been definitively proven one way or the other. More time and research is needed to assess whether Monero is resilient enough to attacks to always provide adequate privacy.
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Cryptocurrency must provide private/untraceable transactions by default.
--- a/docs/data-redaction.en.md
+++ b/docs/data-redaction.en.md
--- a/docs/desktop-browsers.en.md
+++ b/docs/desktop-browsers.en.md
--- a/docs/desktop.en.md
+++ b/docs/desktop.en.md
--- a/docs/dns.en.md
+++ b/docs/dns.en.md
@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ title: "DNS Resolvers"
 icon: material/dns
 ---

-!!! question "Should I use encrypted DNS?"
-
 Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [DNS blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) when you can be sure there won't be any consequences. Encrypted DNS will not help you hide any of your browsing activity.

-    [Learn more about DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md){ .md-button }
+[Learn more about DNS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/dns-overview.md){ .md-button }

 ## Recommended Providers

--- a/docs/email-clients.en.md
+++ b/docs/email-clients.en.md
--- a/docs/email.md
+++ b/docs/email.md
@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+---
+title: "Email Services"
+icon: material/email
+---
+Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.
+
+[Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md){ .md-button }
+
+For everything else, we recommend a variety of email providers based on sustainable business models and built-in security and privacy features.
+
+## OpenPGP Compatible Services
+
+These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption, allowing for provider-agnostic E2EE emails. For example, a Proton Mail user could send an E2EE message to a Mailbox.org user, or you could receive OpenPGP-encrypted notifications from internet services which support it.
+
+!!! warning
+
+    When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP, email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email. Read more about [email metadata](basics/email-security.md#email-metadata-overview).
+
+    OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. [How do I protect my private keys?](basics/email-security.md#how-do-i-protect-my-private-keys)
+
+### Proton Mail
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Proton Mail** is an email service with a focus on privacy, encryption, security, and ease of use. They have been in operation since **2013**. Proton AG is based in Genève, Switzerland. Accounts start with 500 MB storage with their free plan.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/mail){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonmail.android)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id979659905)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonMail/proton-mail-android/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.proton.me)
+
+Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
+
+If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](#simplelogin) Premium for free.
+
+Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**.
+
+??? success "Custom Domains and Aliases"
+
+    Paid Proton Mail subscribers can use their own domain with the service or a [catch-all](https://proton.me/support/catch-all) address. Proton Mail also supports [subaddressing](https://proton.me/support/creating-aliases), which is useful for people who don't want to purchase a domain.
+
+??? success "Private Payment Methods"
+
+    Proton Mail [accepts](https://proton.me/support/payment-options) cash by mail in addition to standard credit/debit card, [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), and PayPal payments.
+
+??? success "Account Security"
+
+    Proton Mail supports TOTP [two factor authentication](https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa) only. The use of a U2F security key is not yet supported. Proton Mail is planning to implement U2F upon completion of their [Single Sign On (SSO)](https://reddit.com/comments/cheoy6/comment/feh2lw0/) code.
+
+??? success "Data Security"
+
+    Proton Mail has [zero-access encryption](https://proton.me/blog/zero-access-encryption) at rest for your emails and [calendars](https://proton.me/news/protoncalendar-security-model). Data secured with zero-access encryption is only accessible by you.
+
+    Certain information stored in [Proton Contacts](https://proton.me/support/proton-contacts), such as display names and email addresses, are not secured with zero-access encryption. Contact fields that support zero-access encryption, such as phone numbers, are indicated with a padlock icon.
+
+??? success "Email Encryption"
+
+    Proton Mail has [integrated OpenPGP encryption](https://proton.me/support/how-to-use-pgp) in their webmail. Emails to other Proton Mail accounts are encrypted automatically, and encryption to non-Proton Mail addresses with an OpenPGP key can be enabled easily in your account settings. They also allow you to [encrypt messages to non-Proton Mail addresses](https://proton.me/support/password-protected-emails) without the need for them to sign up for a Proton Mail account or use software like OpenPGP.
+
+    Proton Mail also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). This allows people who don't use Proton Mail to find the OpenPGP keys of Proton Mail accounts easily, for cross-provider E2EE.
+
+??? warning "Digital Legacy"
+
+    Proton Mail doesn't offer a digital legacy feature.
+
+??? info "Account Termination"
+
+    If you have a paid account and your [bill is unpaid](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) after 14 days, you won't be able to access your data. After 30 days, your account will become delinquent and won't receive incoming mail. You will continue to be billed during this period.
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    Proton Mail offers an "Unlimited" account for €9.99/Month, which also enables access to Proton VPN in addition to providing multiple accounts, domains, aliases, and 500GB of storage.
+
+### Mailbox.org
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Mailbox.org** is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and privately powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. They have been in operation since 2014. Mailbox.org is based in Berlin, Germany. Accounts start with 2 GB of storage, which can be upgraded as needed.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailbox.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://mailbox.org/en/data-protection-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://login.mailbox.org)
+
+??? success "Custom Domains and Aliases"
+
+    Mailbox.org lets you use your own domain, and they support [catch-all](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Using+catch-all+alias+with+own+domain) addresses. Mailbox.org also supports [subaddressing](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/What+is+an+alias+and+how+do+I+use+it), which is useful if you don't want to purchase a domain.
+
+??? check "Private Payment Methods"
+
+    Mailbox.org doesn't accept any cryptocurrencies as a result of their payment processor BitPay suspending operations in Germany. However, they do accept Cash by mail, cash payment to bank account, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal and couple of German-specific processors: paydirekt and Sofortüberweisung.
+
+??? success "Account Security"
+
+    Mailbox.org supports [two factor authentication](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/How+to+use+two-factor+authentication+-+2FA) for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a [Yubikey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey) via the [Yubicloud](https://www.yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud). Web standards such as [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn) are not yet supported.
+
+??? info "Data Security"
+
+    Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their [encrypted mailbox](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/The+Encrypted+Mailbox). New messages that you receive will then be immediately encrypted with your public key.
+
+    However, [Open-Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange), the software platform used by Mailbox.org, [does not support](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/Encryption+of+calendar+and+address+book) the encryption of your address book and calendar. A [standalone option](calendar.md) may be more appropriate for that information.
+
+??? success "Email Encryption"
+
+    Mailbox.org has [integrated encryption](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Send+encrypted+e-mails+with+Guard) in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to people with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow [remote recipients to decrypt an email](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/My+recipient+does+not+use+PGP) on Mailbox.org's servers. This feature is useful when the remote recipient does not have OpenPGP and cannot decrypt a copy of the email in their own mailbox.
+
+    Mailbox.org also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). This allows people outside of Mailbox.org to find the OpenPGP keys of Mailbox.org accounts easily, for cross-provider E2EE.
+
+??? success "Digital Legacy"
+
+    Mailbox.org has a digital legacy feature for all plans. You can choose whether you want any of your data to be passed to heirs providing that they apply and provide your testament. Alternatively, you can nominate a person by name and address.
+
+??? info "Account Termination"
+
+    Your account will be set to a restricted user account when your contract ends, after [30 days it will be irrevocably deleted](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/payment-article/what-happens-at-the-end-of-my-contract).
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using their [.onion service](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/The+Tor+exit+node+of+mailbox.org). However, their webmail interface cannot be accessed via their .onion service and you may experience TLS certificate errors.
+
+    All accounts come with limited cloud storage that [can be encrypted](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Encrypt+files+on+your+Drive). Mailbox.org also offers the alias [@secure.mailbox.org](https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Ensuring+E-Mails+are+Sent+Securely), which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all. Mailbox.org also supports [Exchange ActiveSync](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_ActiveSync) in addition to standard access protocols like IMAP and POP3.
+
+### StartMail
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **StartMail** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of standard OpenPGP encryption. StartMail has been in operation since 2014 and is based in Boulevard 11, Zeist Netherlands. Accounts start with 10GB. They offer a 30-day trial.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.startmail.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.startmail.com/en/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.startmail.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.startmail.com/login)
+
+??? success "Custom Domains and Aliases"
+
+    Personal accounts can use [Custom or Quick](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360007297457-Aliases) aliases. [Custom domains](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/4403911432209-Setup-a-custom-domain) are also available.
+
+??? warning "Private Payment Methods"
+
+    StartMail accepts Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Paypal. StartMail also has other [payment options](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006620637-Payment-methods) such as [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc) (currently only for Personal accounts) and SEPA Direct Debit for accounts older than a year.
+
+??? success "Account Security"
+
+    StartMail supports TOTP two factor authentication [for webmail only](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006682158-Two-factor-authentication-2FA). They do not allow U2F security key authentication.
+
+??? info "Data Security"
+
+    StartMail has [zero access encryption at rest](https://www.startmail.com/en/whitepaper/#_Toc458527835), using their "user vault" system. When you log in, the vault is opened, and the email is then moved to the vault out of the queue where it is decrypted by the corresponding private key.
+
+    StartMail supports importing [contacts](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006495557-Import-contacts) however, they are only accessible in the webmail and not through protocols such as [CalDAV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV). Contacts are also not stored using zero knowledge encryption.
+
+??? success "Email Encryption"
+
+    StartMail has [integrated encryption](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/sections/360001889078-Encryption) in their webmail, which simplifies sending encrypted messages with public OpenPGP keys.
+
+??? warning "Digital Legacy"
+
+    StartMail does not offer a digital legacy feature.
+
+??? info "Account Termination"
+
+    On account expiration, StartMail will permanently delete your account after [6 months in 3 phases](https://support.startmail.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006794398-Account-expiration).
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    StartMail allows for proxying of images within emails. If you allow the remote image to be loaded, the sender won't know what your IP address is.
+
+## More Providers
+
+These providers store your emails with zero-knowledge encryption, making them great options for keeping your stored emails secure. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between providers.
+
+### Tutanota
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/email/tutanota.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Tutanota** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tutanota has been in operation since **2011** and is based in Hanover, Germany. Accounts start with 1GB storage with their free plan.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tutanota.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://tutanota.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://tutanota.com/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://tutanota.com/community/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.tutanota)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/tutanota/id922429609)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://tutanota.com/#download)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://tutanota.com/#download)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://tutanota.com/#download)
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.tutanota.com/)
+
+Tutanota doesn't support the [IMAP protocol](https://tutanota.com/faq/#imap) or the use of third-party [email clients](email-clients.md), and you also won't be able to add [external email accounts](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/544#issuecomment-670473647) to the Tutanota app. Neither [Email import](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/630) or [subfolders](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/927) are currently supported, though this is [due to be changed](https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/kickoff-import). Emails can be exported [individually or by bulk selection](https://tutanota.com/howto#generalMail) per folder, which may be inconvenient if you have many folders.
+
+??? success "Custom Domains and Aliases"
+
+    Paid Tutanota accounts can use up to 5 [aliases](https://tutanota.com/faq#alias) and [custom domains](https://tutanota.com/faq#custom-domain). Tutanota doesn't allow for [subaddressing (plus addresses)](https://tutanota.com/faq#plus), but you can use a [catch-all](https://tutanota.com/howto#settings-global) with a custom domain.
+
+??? info "Private Payment Methods"
+
+    Tutanota only directly accepts credit cards and PayPal, however [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md) can be used to purchase gift cards via their [partnership](https://tutanota.com/faq/#cryptocurrency) with Proxystore.
+
+??? success "Account Security"
+
+    Tutanota supports [two factor authentication](https://tutanota.com/faq#2fa) with either TOTP or U2F.
+
+??? success "Data Security"
+
+    Tutanota has [zero access encryption at rest](https://tutanota.com/faq#what-encrypted) for your emails, [address book contacts](https://tutanota.com/faq#encrypted-address-book), and [calendars](https://tutanota.com/faq#calendar). This means the messages and other data stored in your account are only readable by you.
+
+??? warning "Email Encryption"
+
+    Tutanota [does not use OpenPGP](https://www.tutanota.com/faq/#pgp). Tutanota accounts can only receive encrypted emails from non-Tutanota email accounts when sent via a [temporary Tutanota mailbox](https://www.tutanota.com/howto/#encrypted-email-external).
+
+??? warning "Digital Legacy"
+
+    Tutanota doesn't offer a digital legacy feature.
+
+??? info "Account Termination"
+
+    Tutanota will [delete inactive free accounts](https://tutanota.com/faq#inactive-accounts) after six months. You can reuse a deactivated free account if you pay.
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    Tutanota offers the business version of [Tutanota to non-profit organizations](https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/secure-email-for-non-profit) for free or with a heavy discount.
+
+    Tutanota also has a business feature called [Secure Connect](https://tutanota.com/secure-connect/). This ensures customer contact to the business uses E2EE. The feature costs €240/y.
+
+## Email Aliasing Services
+
+An email aliasing service allows you to easily generate a new email address for every website you register for. The email aliases you generate are then forwarded to an email address of your choosing, hiding both your "main" email address and the identity of your email provider. True email aliasing is better than plus addressing commonly used and supported by many providers, which allows you to create aliases like yourname+[anythinghere]@example.com, because websites, advertisers, and tracking networks can trivially remove anything after the + sign to know your true email address.
+
+Email aliasing can act as a safeguard in case your email provider ever ceases operation. In that scenario, you can easily re-route your aliases to a new email address. In turn, however, you are placing trust in the aliasing service to continue functioning.
+
+Using a dedicated email aliasing service also has a number of benefits over a catch-all alias on a custom domain:
+
+- Aliases can be turned on and off individually when you need them, preventing websites from emailing you randomly.
+- Replies are sent from the alias address, shielding your real email address.
+
+They also have a number of benefits over "temporary email" services:
+
+- Aliases are permanent and can be turned on again if you need to receive something like a password reset.
+- Emails are sent to your trusted mailbox rather than stored by the alias provider.
+- Temporary email services typically have public mailboxes which can be accessed by anyone who knows the address, aliases are private to you.
+
+Our email aliasing recommendations are providers that allow you to create aliases on domains they control, as well as your own custom domain(s) for a modest yearly fee. They can also be self-hosted if you want maximum control. However, using a custom domain can have privacy-related drawbacks: If you are the only person using your custom domain, your actions can be easily tracked across websites simply by looking at the domain name in the email address and ignoring everything before the at (@) sign.
+
+Using an aliasing service requires trusting both your email provider and your aliasing provider with your unencrypted messages. Some providers mitigate this slightly with automatic PGP encryption, which reduces the number of parties you need to trust from two to one by encrypting incoming emails before they are delivered to your final mailbox provider.
+
+### AnonAddy
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![AnonAddy logo](assets/img/email/anonaddy.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![AnonAddy logo](assets/img/email/anonaddy-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **AnonAddy** lets you create 20 domain aliases on a shared domain for free, or unlimited "standard" aliases which are less anonymous.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://anonaddy.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://anonaddy.com/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://app.anonaddy.com/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/anonaddy){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://anonaddy.com/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-android: Android](https://anonaddy.com/faq/#is-there-an-android-app)
+        - [:material-apple-ios: iOS](https://anonaddy.com/faq/#is-there-an-ios-app)
+        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/addon/anonaddy/)
+        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/anonaddy-anonymous-email/iadbdpnoknmbdeolbapdackdcogdmjpe)
+
+The number of shared aliases (which end in a shared domain like @anonaddy.me) that you can create is limited to 20 on AnonAddy's free plan and 50 on their $12/year plan. You can create unlimited standard aliases (which end in a domain like @[username].anonaddy.com or a custom domain on paid plans), however, as previously mentioned, this can be detrimental to privacy because people can trivially tie your standard aliases together based on the domain name alone. Unlimited shared aliases are available for $36/year.
+
+Notable free features:
+
+- [x] 20 Shared Aliases
+- [x] Unlimited Standard Aliases
+- [ ] No Outgoing Replies
+- [x] 2 Recipient Mailboxes
+- [x] Automatic PGP Encryption
+
+### SimpleLogin
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Simplelogin logo](assets/img/email/simplelogin.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **SimpleLogin** is a free service which provides email aliases on a variety of shared domain names, and optionally provides paid features like unlimited aliases and custom domains.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://simplelogin.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://simplelogin.io/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://simplelogin.io/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/simple-login){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.simplelogin.android)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1494359858)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/simple-login/Simple-Login-Android/releases)
+        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/simplelogin/)
+        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/dphilobhebphkdjbpfohgikllaljmgbn)
+        - [:simple-microsoftedge: Edge](https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/simpleloginreceive-sen/diacfpipniklenphgljfkmhinphjlfff)
+        - [:simple-safari: Safari](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1494051017)
+
+SimpleLogin was [acquired by Proton AG](https://proton.me/news/proton-and-simplelogin-join-forces) as of April 8, 2022. If you use Proton Mail for your primary mailbox, SimpleLogin is a great choice. As both products are now owned by the same company you now only have to trust a single entity. We also expect that SimpleLogin will be more tightly integrated with Proton's offerings in the future. SimpleLogin continues to support forwarding to any email provider of your choosing. Securitum [audited](https://simplelogin.io/blog/security-audit/) SimpleLogin in early 2022 and all issues [were addressed](https://simplelogin.io/audit2022/web.pdf).
+
+You can link your SimpleLogin account in the settings with your Proton account. If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you will have SimpleLogin Premium for free.
+
+Notable free features:
+
+- [x] 10 Shared Aliases
+- [x] Unlimited Replies
+- [x] 1 Recipient Mailbox
+
+*[Automatic PGP Encryption]: Allows you to encrypt non-encrypted incoming emails before they are forwarded to your mailbox, making sure your primary mailbox provider never sees unencrypted email content.
+
+## Self-Hosting Email
+
+Advanced system administrators may consider setting up their own email server. Mail servers require attention and continuous maintenance in order to keep things secure and mail delivery reliable.
+
+### Combined software solutions
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Mailcow logo](assets/img/email/mailcow.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Mailcow** is a more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: A mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailcow.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.servercow.de/mailcow?lang=en#sal){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Mail-in-a-Box logo](assets/img/email/mail-in-a-box.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Mail-in-a-Box** is an automated setup script for deploying a mail server on Ubuntu. Its goal is to make it easier for people to set up their own mail server.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailinabox.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://mailinabox.email/guide.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mail-in-a-box/mailinabox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+For a more manual approach we've picked out these two articles:
+
+- [Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd](https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd/) (2019)
+- [How To Run Your Own Mail Server](https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/mail-server-guide/) (August 2017)
+
+## Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any Email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an Email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the Email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
+
+### Technology
+
+We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal service. You should consider whether the provider which has the features you require.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Encrypts email account data at rest with zero-access encryption.
+- Export capability as [Mbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox) or individual .eml with [RFC5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5322/) standard.
+- Allow users to use their own [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name). Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
+- Operates on owned infrastructure, i.e. not built upon third-party email service providers.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc) at rest with zero-access encryption.
+- Integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption provided as a convenience.
+- Support for [WKD](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD) to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP.
+    GnuPG users can get a key by typing: `gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com`
+- Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send an encrypted email, without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.
+- Availability of the email provider's services via an [onion service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion).
+- [Subaddressing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Subaddressing) support.
+- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who own their own domains.
+- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
+
+### Privacy
+
+We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Protect sender's IP address. Filter it from showing in the `Received` header field.
+- Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
+- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR
+- Must not be hosted in the US due to [ECPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act#Criticism) which has [yet to be reformed](https://epic.org/ecpa/).
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Accepts [anonymous payment options](advanced/payments.md) ([cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), cash, gift cards, etc.)
+
+### Security
+
+Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt best industry practices in order to protect their members.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Protection of webmail with 2FA, such as TOTP.
+- Zero access encryption, builds on encryption at rest. The provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.
+- [DNSSEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions) support.
+- No TLS errors or vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as [Hardenize](https://www.hardenize.com/), [testssl.sh](https://testssl.sh/), or [Qualys SSL Labs](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest); this includes certificate related errors and weak DH parameters, such as those that led to [Logjam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjam_(computer_security)).
+- A server suite preference (optional on TLSv1.3) for strong cipher suites which support forward secrecy and authenticated encryption.
+- A valid [MTA-STS](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8461) and [TLS-RPT](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8460) policy.
+- Valid [DANE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities) records.
+- Valid [SPF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework) and [DKIM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail) records.
+- Have a proper [DMARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC) record and policy or use [ARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain) for authentication. If DMARC authentication is being used, the policy must be set to `reject` or `quarantine`.
+- A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for [Deprecating TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-oldversions-deprecate/).
+- [SMTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS) submission, assuming SMTP is used.
+- Website security standards such as:
+    - [HTTP Strict Transport Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
+    - [Subresource Integrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subresource_Integrity) if loading things from external domains.
+- Must support viewing of [Message headers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header), as it is a crucial forensic feature to determine if an email is a phishing attempt.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Support for hardware authentication, i.e. U2F and [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn). U2F and WebAuthn are more secure as they use a private key stored on a client-side hardware device to authenticate people, as opposed to a shared secret that is stored on the web server and on the client side when using TOTP. Furthermore, U2F and WebAuthn are more resistant to phishing as their authentication response is based on the authenticated [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name).
+- [DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6844) in addition to DANE support.
+- Implementation of [Authenticated Received Chain (ARC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain), this is useful for people who post to mailing lists [RFC8617](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8617).
+- Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.
+- Website security standards such as:
+    - [Content Security Policy (CSP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy)
+    - [Expect-CT](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-httpbis-expect-ct)
+
+### Trust
+
+You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your email? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Public-facing leadership or ownership.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Public-facing leadership.
+- Frequent transparency reports.
+
+### Marketing
+
+With the email providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for those who wish to opt-out.
+
+Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:
+
+- Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
+- Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
+
+- Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc)
+- [Browser fingerprinting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Clear and easy to read documentation. This includes things like, setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.
+
+### Additional Functionality
+
+While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.
--- a/docs/encryption.en.md
+++ b/docs/encryption.en.md
--- a/docs/file-sharing.en.md
+++ b/docs/file-sharing.en.md
--- a/docs/financial-services.md
+++ b/docs/financial-services.md
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+---
+title: Financial Services
+icon: material/bank
+---
+
+Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These services can assist you in protecting your privacy from merchants and other trackers, provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
+
+[Making Private Payments :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/payments.md){ .md-button }
+
+## Payment Masking Services
+
+There are a number of services which provide "virtual debit cards" which you can use with online merchants without revealing your actual banking or billing information in most cases. It's important to note that these financial services are **not** anonymous and are subject to "Know Your Customer" (KYC) laws and may require your ID or other identifying information. These services are primarily useful for protecting you from merchant data breaches, less sophisticated tracking or purchase correlation by marketing agencies, and online data theft; and **not** for making a purchase completely anonymously.
+
+!!! tip "Check your current bank"
+
+    Many banks and credit card providers offer native virtual card functionality. If you use one which provides this option already, you should use it over the following recommendations in most cases. That way you are not trusting multiple parties with your personal information.
+
+### Privacy.com (US, Free)
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **Privacy.com**'s free plan allows you to create up to 12 virtual cards per month, set spend limits on those cards, and shut off cards instantly.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://privacy.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://privacy.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.privacy.com/hc/en-us){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+### MySudo (US, Paid)
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **MySudo** provides up to 9 virtual cards depending on the plan you purchase. Their paid plans additionally include functionality which may be useful for making purchases privately, such as virtual phone numbers and email addresses, although we typically recommend other [email aliasing providers](email.md) for extensive email aliasing use.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mysudo.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://anonyome.com/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.mysudo.com/hc/en-us){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+### Revolut
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Revolut logo](assets/img/financial-services/revolut.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Revolut logo](assets/img/financial-services/revolut-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **Revolut** is an online bank which provides [single-use card functionality](https://www.revolut.com/cards/). In some locations this requires a paid plan.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.revolut.com/cards/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.revolut.com/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://help.revolut.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+Revolut is [available](https://help.revolut.com/en-MT/help/profile-and-plan/profile-plan/verifying-identity/what-countries-are-supported) to legal residents of the European Economic Area (EEA), Australia, Singapore, Switzerland, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Allows the creation of multiple cards which function as a shield between the merchant and your personal finances.
+- Cards must not require you to provide accurate billing address information to the merchant.
+
+## Gift Card Marketplaces
+
+These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants online with [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md). Some of these services offer ID verification options for higher limits, but they also allow accounts with just an email address. Basic limits typically start at $5,000-10,000 a day for basic accounts, and significantly higher limits for ID verified accounts (if offered).
+
+### Cake Pay
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![CakePay logo](assets/img/financial-services/cakepay.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Cake Pay** allows you to purchase gift cards and related products with Monero. Purchases for USA merchants are available in the Cake Wallet mobile app, while the Cake Pay web app includes a broad selection of global merchants.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cakepay.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://ionia.docsend.com/view/jhjvdn7qq7k3ukwt){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://guides.cakewallet.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+### CoinCards
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![CakePay logo](assets/img/financial-services/coincards.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **CoinCards** (available in the US, Canada, and UK) allows you to purchase gift cards for a large variety of merchants.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://coincards.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://coincards.com/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://coincards.com/frequently-asked-questions/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+
+### Criteria
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
+
+!!! example "This section is new"
+
+    We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
+
+- Accepts payment in [a recommended cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md).
+- No ID requirement.
--- a/docs/frontends.en.md
+++ b/docs/frontends.en.md
--- a/docs/index.hu.md
+++ b/docs/index.hu.md
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
---
-template: overrides/home.en.html
-hide:
-  - navigation
-  - toc
-  - feedback
---
-
-<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Miért érdekeljen?
-
-##### “Nincs semmi rejtegetnivalóm. Miért kellene törődnöm a magánéletemmel?”
-
-A kultúrák közötti házassághoz, a női választójoghoz, a szólásszabadsághoz és sok minden máshoz hasonlóan a magánélethez való jog sem volt mindig biztosított. Számos diktatúrában még mindig nem. Generációink előtt nemzedékek harcoltak a mi magánélethez való jogunkért. ==A magánélet mindannyiunk emberi joga==, amelyhez (megkülönböztetés nélkül) jogunk van.
-
-Nem szabad összekeverni a magánéletet a titoktartással. Tudjuk, hogy mi történik a fürdőszobában, de az ajtó mégis csukva marad. Ez azért van, mert magánéletet akarsz, nem titkolózást. **Mindenkinek** van valami, amit meg akar védeni. A magánélet olyasmi, ami emberré tesz minket.
-
-[:material-target-account: Gyakori Internetes Veszélyek](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-
-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Mihez kezdjek?
-
-##### Először is, tervet kell készítened
-
-Megpróbálni megvédeni az összes adatodat mindenkitő, mindig nem praktikus, költséges és fárasztó. De ne aggódj! Az adatbiztonság egy folyamat, és ha előre gondolkodsz, akkor összeállíthatsz egy neked megfelelő tervet. A biztonság nem csak a használt eszközökről vagy a letöltött szoftverekről szól. Inkább annak megértésével kezdődik, hogy milyen egyedi fenyegetésekkel kell szembenézned, és hogyan tudsz ellenük védekezni.
-
-==A fenyegetések azonosításának és az ellenintézkedések meghatározásának ezt a folyamatát **védelmi modellezésnek**== nevezik, és ez képezi minden jó adatbiztonsági és adatvédelmi terv alapját.
-
-[:material-book-outline: További Információk a Védelmi Modellezésről](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
-## Szükségünk van rád! Így veheted ki a részed:
-
-Fontos, hogy egy olyan weboldal, mint a Privacy Guides, mindig naprakész maradjon. Szükségünk van arra, hogy a közönségünk figyelemmel kísérje az oldalunkon felsorolt alkalmazások szoftverfrissítéseit, és kövesse az általunk ajánlott szolgáltatókkal kapcsolatos legújabb híreket. Nehéz lépést tartani az internet gyors tempójával, de megteszünk minden tőlünk telhetőt. Ha hibát észlelsz, úgy gondolod, hogy egy szolgáltatónak nem kellene szerepelnie a listán, észreveszed, hogy egy alkalmas szolgáltató hiányzik, úgy véled, hogy egy böngésző plugin már nem a legjobb választás, vagy ha bármilyen más problémát észlelsz, kérjük, jelezd nekünk.
-
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
- [:simple-discourse: Csatlakozz a fórumhoz](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
- [:simple-mastodon: Kövessen minket Mastodonon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
- [:material-book-edit: Járulj hozzá a weboldalhoz](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
- [:simple-matrix: Csevegj velünk Matrixon](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
- [:material-information-outline: Tudj meg többet rólunk](about/index.md)
- [:material-hand-coin-outline: Támogasd a projektet](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
--- a/docs/index.it.md
+++ b/docs/index.it.md
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
---
-template: overrides/home.en.html
-hide:
-  - navigation
-  - toc
-  - feedback
---
-
-<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Perché dovrebbe importarmi?
-
-##### “Non ho nulla da nascondere. Perché dovrei preoccuparmi della mia privacy?".
-
-Proprio come il diritto al matrimonio interrazziale, il suffragio femminile, la libertà di parola e molti altri, non abbiamo sempre avuto il diritto alla privacy. In diverse dittature, molti ancora non lo hanno. Le generazioni prima della nostra hanno combattuto per il nostro diritto alla privacy. ==La privacy è un diritto umano inerente a tutti noi== che ci spetta senza discriminazione.
-
-Non bisogna confondere la privacy con la segretezza. Sappiamo cosa succede in bagno, ma chiudi lo stesso la porta. Questo perché vuoi la privacy, non la segretezza. **Tutti** hanno qualcosa da proteggere. La privacy è qualcosa che ci rende umani.
-
-[:material-target-account: Minacce di internet comuni](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-
-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Cosa dovrei fare?
-
-##### Per prima cosa, devi avere un piano.
-
-Cercare di proteggere tutti i dati da tutti, in ogni momento, è poco pratico, costoso ed estenuante. Ma non preoccuparti! La sicurezza è un processo e, pensando in anticipo, potete mettere a punto un piano adatto a voi. La sicurezza non riguarda solo gli strumenti utilizzati o il software scaricato. Piuttosto, inizia con la comprensione delle minacce personali che dovi affrontare e di come puoi mitigarle.
-
-== Questo processo di identificazione delle minacce e di definizione delle contromisure si chiama **modellazione delle minacce**== e costituisce la base di ogni buon piano di sicurezza e privacy.
-
-[:material-book-outline: Per saperne di più sulla modellazione delle minacce](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
-## Abbiamo bisogno di te! Ecco come contribuire:
-
-È importante che un sito web come Privacy Guides sia sempre aggiornato. Abbiamo bisogno che il nostro pubblico tenga d'occhio gli aggiornamenti software per le applicazioni elencate sul nostro sito e segua le notizie recenti sui fornitori che raccomandiamo. È difficile tenere il passo con il ritmo veloce di Internet, ma facciamo del nostro meglio. Se noti un errore, pensi che un provider non dovrebbe essere elencato, noti la mancanza di un provider qualificato, ritieni che un plugin del browser non sia più la scelta migliore o scopri qualsiasi altro problema, faccelo sapere.
-
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
- [:simple-discourse: Iscriviti al nostro forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.org/)
- [:simple-mastodon: Seguici su Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
- [:material-book-edit: Contribuisci a questo sito](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
- [:simple-matrix: Scrivici su Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
- [:material-information-outline: Scopri di più su di noi](about/index.md)
- [:material-hand-coin-outline: Supporta il progetto](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
--- a/docs/index.en.md
+++ b/docs/index.en.md
@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ hide:
  - feedback
 ---
 <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
 ## Why should I care?

 ##### “I have nothing to hide. Why should I care about my privacy?”
@ -17,9 +15,7 @@ Much like the right to interracial marriage, woman's suffrage, freedom of speech
 You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy. We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. **Everyone** has something to protect. Privacy is something that makes us human.

 [:material-target-account: Common Internet Threats](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>

-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
 ## What should I do?

 ##### First, you need to make a plan
@ -29,22 +25,17 @@ Trying to protect all your data from everyone all the time is impractical, expen
 ==This process of identifying threats and defining countermeasures is called **threat modeling**==, and it forms the basis of every good security and privacy plan.

 [:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>

-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
+---
+
 ## We need you! Here's how to get involved:

+[:simple-discourse:](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/){ title="Join our Forum" }
+[:simple-mastodon:](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me title="Follow us on Mastodon" }
+[:material-book-edit:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ title="Contribute to this website" }
+[:material-translate:](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh){ title="Help translate this website" }
+[:simple-matrix:](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org){ title="Chat with us on Matrix" }
+[:material-information-outline:](about/index.md){ title="Learn more about us" }
+[:material-hand-coin-outline:](about/donate.md){ title="Support the project" }
+
 It's important for a website like Privacy Guides to always stay up-to-date. We need our audience to keep an eye on software updates for the applications listed on our site and follow recent news about providers that we recommend. It's hard to keep up with the fast pace of the internet, but we try our best. If you spot an error, think a provider should not be listed, notice a qualified provider is missing, believe a browser plugin is no longer the best choice, or uncover any other issue, please let us know.
-
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
- [:simple-discourse: Join our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
- [:simple-mastodon: Follow us on Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
- [:material-book-edit: Contribute to this website](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
- [:simple-matrix: Chat with us on Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
- [:material-information-outline: Learn more about us](about/index.md)
- [:material-hand-coin-outline: Support the project](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
--- a/docs/index.nl.md
+++ b/docs/index.nl.md
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
---
-template: overrides/home.nl.html
-hide:
-  - navigation
-  - toc
-  - feedback
---
-
-<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Waarom zou ik me daar zorgen over maken?
-
-##### "Ik heb niets te verbergen. Waarom zou ik me zorgen maken over mijn privacy?"
-
-Net zoals het recht op interraciale huwelijken, het kiesrecht voor vrouwen, de vrijheid van meningsuiting en vele andere, hadden wij niet altijd recht op privacy. In verschillende dictaturen hebben velen dat nog steeds niet. Generaties voor ons vochten voor ons recht op privacy. ==Privacy is een mensenrecht dat inherent is aan ons allen== waar we zonder onderscheid recht op hebben.
-
-Je moet privacy niet verwarren met geheimzinnigheid. We weten wat er in de badkamer gebeurt, maar je doet nog steeds de deur dicht. Dat is omdat je privacy wilt, geen geheimzinnigheid. **Iedereen** heeft iets te beschermen. Privacy is iets dat je menselijk maakt.
-
-[:material-target-account: Common Internet Threats](basics/common-threats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-
-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## Wat moet ik doen?
-
-##### Eerst moet je een plan maken
-
-Het is onpraktisch, duur en vermoeiend om te proberen al jouw gegevens altijd tegen iedereen te beschermen. Maar maak je geen zorgen! Veiligheid is een proces, en door vooruit te denken kunt je een plan samenstellen dat voor je geschikt is. Veiligheid gaat niet alleen over de tools die je gebruikt of de software die je downloadt. Integendeel, het begint met het begrijpen van de unieke bedreigingen waarmee je wordt geconfronteerd en hoe je deze kunt verminderen.
-
-==Dit proces van het identificeren van bedreigingen en het vaststellen van tegenmaatregelen wordt **bedreigingsmodellering**== genoemd, en het vormt de basis van elk goed beveiligings- en privacyplan.
-
-[:material-book-outline: Meer informatie over dreigingsmodellering](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
-## We hebben je nodig! Zo kunt u meedoen
-
-Het is belangrijk voor een website als Privacy Guides om altijd up-to-date te blijven. Ons publiek moet software-updates in de gaten houden voor de toepassingen die op onze site staan en recent nieuws volgen over aanbieders die wij aanbevelen. Het is moeilijk om het hoge tempo van het internet bij te houden, maar we doen ons best. Als je een fout ziet, denkt dat een provider niet in de lijst thuishoort, merkt dat een gekwalificeerde provider ontbreekt, denkt dat een browserplugin niet langer de beste keuze is, of een ander probleem ontdekt, laat het ons dan weten.
-
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
- [:simple-discourse: Word lid van ons forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
- [:simple-mastodon: Volg ons op Mastodon](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
- [:material-book-edit: Draag bij aan deze website](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
- [:simple-matrix: Chat met ons op Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
- [:material-information-outline: Leer meer over ons](about/index.md)
- [:material-hand-coin-outline: Steun het project](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
--- a/docs/index.zh.md
+++ b/docs/index.zh.md
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
---
-template: overrides/home.en.html
-hide:
-  - navigation
-  - toc
-  - feedback
---
-
-<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
-<div style="max-width:50rem;margin:auto;" markdown>
-<div style="max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-## 我为什么要关心？
-
-##### “我没有什么好藏的。 我为什么要关心自己的隐私？ ”
-
-就像异族通婚的权利，女性的投票权，言论自由等等，我们的隐私权并不总是得到保护。 在几个独裁国家中，近乎完全不存在隐私。 我们之前的几代人为我们的隐私权而斗争。 ==隐私权是一项人权，是我们所有人固有的权利， == 我们应当不受歧视地享有。
-
-您不应将隐私与保密混为一谈。 我们知道浴室里发生了什么，但你还是关上了门。 那是因为你想要隐私，而不是保密。 **每个人**都有需要保护的东西。 隐私是我们之所以为人的原因。
-
-[:material-target-account: 常见互联网威胁](basics/common-treats.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-
-<div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;text-align:right;max-width:38rem;" markdown>
-我应该怎么办？
-
-##### 首先，你需要指定一个计划
-
-想一直保护你所有的数据不被任何人发现很不切实际，并且花费高昂且令人疲惫。 但是别担心！ 安全是一个过程，并且通过向前思考，你可以制定出一个适合你的计划。 安全并不仅仅是指你使用的工具或你下载的软件。 相反，它始于了解你所面临的独特的威胁，以及解决它们的办法。
-
-==这种了解威胁和给出对策的过程称作**威胁模型分析**==，而它又构成了所有良好的安全和隐私计划的基础
-
-[:material-book-outline: 了解有关威胁模型分析的更多信息](basics/threat-modeling.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div style="padding:3em;max-width:960px;margin:auto;text-align:center;" markdown>
-## 我们需要你！ 以下是如何参与的方法：
-
-对于像Privacy Guides这样的网站来说，始终保持更新是很重要的。 我们需要我们的用户关注我们网站上列出的应用程序的软件更新，并关注我们推荐的提供商的最新消息。 要跟上互联网的快节奏很难，但是我们会尽我们所能。 如果你发现了一处错误；或者觉得某个提供商不应被列出；或者注意到缺少了某个合格的提供商；或者认为某个浏览器插件不再是最好的选择；或者是发现了其他的问题，请告知我们。
-
-<div class="grid cards" style="margin:auto;max-width:800px;text-align:center;" markdown>
-
- [:simple-discourse: 加入我们的论坛](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/)
- [:simple-mastodon: 在Mastodon上关注我们](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me }
- [:material-book-edit: 对网站做贡献](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org)
- [:simple-matrix: 在Matrix上跟我们交流](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org)
- [:material-information-outline: 关于我们](about/index.md)
- [:material-hand-coin-outline: 支持该项目](about/donate.md)
-
-</div>
-</div>
--- a/docs/kb-archive.en.md
+++ b/docs/kb-archive.en.md
--- a/docs/mobile-browsers.en.md
+++ b/docs/mobile-browsers.en.md
--- a/docs/multi-factor-authentication.en.md
+++ b/docs/multi-factor-authentication.en.md
--- a/docs/news-aggregators.en.md
+++ b/docs/news-aggregators.en.md
--- a/docs/notebooks.en.md
+++ b/docs/notebooks.en.md
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ If you are currently using an application like Evernote, Google Keep, or Microso
        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/joplin-web-clipper/alofnhikmmkdbbbgpnglcpdollgjjfek)

 Joplin does not support password/PIN protection for the [application itself or individual notes and notebooks](https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/289). However, your data is still encrypted in transit and at the sync location using your master key.
+Since January 2023, Joplin supports biometrics app lock for [Android](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_android/#android-v2-10-3-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-android-v2-10-3-pre-release-2023-01-05t11-29-06z) and [iOS](https://joplinapp.org/changelog_ios/#ios-v12-10-2-https-github-com-laurent22-joplin-releases-tag-ios-v12-10-2-2023-01-20t17-41-13z).

 ### Standard Notes

--- a/docs/os/android-overview.md
+++ b/docs/os/android-overview.md
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+---
+title: Android Overview
+icon: simple/android
+---
+Android is a secure operating system that has strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.
+
+## Choosing an Android Distribution
+
+When you buy an Android phone, the device's default operating system often comes with invasive integration with apps and services that are not part of the [Android Open-Source Project](https://source.android.com/). An example of such is Google Play Services, which has irrevocable privileges to access your files, contacts storage, call logs, SMS messages, location, camera, microphone, hardware identifiers, and so on. These apps and services increase the attack surface of your device and are the source of various privacy concerns with Android.
+
+This problem could be solved by using a custom Android distribution that does not come with such invasive integration. Unfortunately, many custom Android distributions often violate the Android security model by not supporting critical security features such as AVB, rollback protection, firmware updates, and so on. Some distributions also ship [`userdebug`](https://source.android.com/setup/build/building#choose-a-target) builds which expose root via [ADB](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb) and require [more permissive](https://github.com/LineageOS/android_system_sepolicy/search?q=userdebug&type=code) SELinux policies to accommodate debugging features, resulting in a further increased attack surface and weakened security model.
+
+Ideally, when choosing a custom Android distribution, you should make sure that it upholds the Android security model. At the very least, the distribution should have production builds, support for AVB, rollback protection, timely firmware and operating system updates, and SELinux in [enforcing mode](https://source.android.com/security/selinux/concepts#enforcement_levels). All of our recommended Android distributions satisfy these criteria.
+
+[Our Android System Recommendations :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md){ .md-button }
+
+## Avoid Rooting
+
+[Rooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_(Android)) Android phones can decrease security significantly as it weakens the complete [Android security model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)#Security_and_privacy). This can decrease privacy should there be an exploit that is assisted by the decreased security. Common rooting methods involve directly tampering with the boot partition, making it impossible to perform successful Verified Boot. Apps that require root will also modify the system partition meaning that Verified Boot would have to remain disabled. Having root exposed directly in the user interface also increases the [attack surface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_surface) of your device and may assist in [privilege escalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation) vulnerabilities and SELinux policy bypasses.
+
+Adblockers, which modify the [hosts file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)) (AdAway) and firewalls (AFWall+) which require root access persistently are dangerous and should not be used. They are also not the correct way to solve their intended purposes. For Adblocking we suggest encrypted [DNS](../dns.md) or [VPN](../vpn.md) server blocking solutions instead. RethinkDNS, TrackerControl and AdAway in non-root mode will take up the VPN slot (by using a local loopback VPN) preventing you from using privacy enhancing services such as Orbot or a real VPN server.
+
+AFWall+ works based on the [packet filtering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)#Packet_filter) approach and may be bypassable in some situations.
+
+We do not believe that the security sacrifices made by rooting a phone are worth the questionable privacy benefits of those apps.
+
+## Verified Boot
+
+[Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) is an important part of the Android security model. It provides protection against [evil maid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack) attacks, malware persistence, and ensures security updates cannot be downgraded with [rollback protection](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection).
+
+Android 10 and above has moved away from full-disk encryption to more flexible [file-based encryption](https://source.android.com/security/encryption/file-based). Your data is encrypted using unique encryption keys, and the operating system files are left unencrypted.
+
+Verified Boot ensures the integrity of the operating system files, thereby preventing an adversary with physical access from tampering or installing malware on the device. In the unlikely case that malware is able to exploit other parts of the system and gain higher privileged access, Verified Boot will prevent and revert changes to the system partition upon rebooting the device.
+
+Unfortunately, OEMs are only obliged to support Verified Boot on their stock Android distribution. Only a few OEMs such as Google support custom AVB key enrollment on their devices. Additionally, some AOSP derivatives such as LineageOS or /e/ OS do not support Verified Boot even on hardware with Verified Boot support for third-party operating systems. We recommend that you check for support **before** purchasing a new device. AOSP derivatives which do not support Verified Boot are **not** recommended.
+
+Many OEMs also have broken implementation of Verified Boot that you have to be aware of beyond their marketing. For example, the Fairphone 3 and 4 are not secure by default, as the [stock bootloader trusts the public AVB signing key](https://forum.fairphone.com/t/bootloader-avb-keys-used-in-roms-for-fairphone-3-4/83448/11). This breaks verified boot on a stock Fairphone device, as the system will boot alternative Android operating systems such (such as /e/) [without any warning](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/boot-flow#locked-devices-with-custom-root-of-trust) about custom operating system usage.
+
+## Firmware Updates
+
+Firmware updates are critical for maintaining security and without them your device cannot be secure. OEMs have support agreements with their partners to provide the closed-source components for a limited support period. These are detailed in the monthly [Android Security Bulletins](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin).
+
+As the components of the phone, such as the processor and radio technologies rely on closed-source components, the updates must be provided by the respective manufacturers. Therefore, it is important that you purchase a device within an active support cycle. [Qualcomm](https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2020/12/16/qualcomm-and-google-announce-collaboration-extend-android-os-support-and) and [Samsung](https://news.samsung.com/us/samsung-galaxy-security-extending-updates-knox/) support their devices for 4 years, while cheaper products often have shorter support cycles. With the introduction of the [Pixel 6](https://support.google.com/pixelphone/answer/4457705), Google now makes their own SoC and they will provide a minimum of 5 years of support.
+
+EOL devices which are no longer supported by the SoC manufacturer cannot receive firmware updates from OEM vendors or after market Android distributors. This means that security issues with those devices will remain unfixed.
+
+Fairphone, for example, markets their devices as receiving 6 years of support. However, the SoC (Qualcomm Snapdragon 750G on the Fairphone 4) has a considerably shorter EOL date. This means that firmware security updates from Qualcomm for the Fairphone 4 will end in September 2023, regardless of whether Fairphone continues to release software security updates.
+
+## Android Versions
+
+It's important to not use an [end-of-life](https://endoflife.date/android) version of Android. Newer versions of Android not only receive security updates for the operating system but also important privacy enhancing updates too. For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes), any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity), whereas now they must be system apps to do so. System apps are only provided by the OEM or Android distribution.
+
+## Android Permissions
+
+[Permissions on Android](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) grant you control over what apps are allowed to access. Google regularly makes [improvements](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions) on the permission system in each successive version. All apps you install are strictly [sandboxed](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), therefore, there is no need to install any antivirus apps.
+
+A smartphone with the latest version of Android will always be more secure than an old smartphone with an antivirus that you have paid for. It's better not to pay for antivirus software and to save money to buy a new smartphone such as a Google Pixel.
+
+Android 10:
+
+- [Scoped Storage](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes#scoped-storage) gives you more control over your files and can limit what can [access external storage](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage#permissions). Apps can have a specific directory in external storage as well as the ability to store specific types of media there.
+- Tighter access on [device location](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes#app-access-device-location) by introducing the `ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION` permission. This prevents apps from accessing the location when running in the background without express permission from the user.
+
+Android 11:
+
+- [One-time permissions](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions#one-time) which allows you to grant a permission to an app just once.
+- [Auto-reset permissions](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions#auto-reset), which resets [runtime permissions](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview#runtime) that were granted when the app was opened.
+- Granular permissions for accessing [phone number](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions#phone-numbers) related features.
+
+Android 12:
+
+- A permission to grant only the [approximate location](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-12#approximate-location).
+- Auto-reset of [hibernated apps](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-12#app-hibernation).
+- [Data access auditing](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-12#data-access-auditing) which makes it easier to determine what part of an app is performing a specific type of data access.
+
+Android 13:
+
+- A permission for [nearby wifi access](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/behavior-changes-13#nearby-wifi-devices-permission). The MAC addresses of nearby WiFi access points was a popular way for apps to track a user's location.
+- More [granular media permissions](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/behavior-changes-13#granular-media-permissions), meaning you can grant access to images, videos or audio files only.
+- Background use of sensors now requires the [`BODY_SENSORS`](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/behavior-changes-13#body-sensors-background-permission) permission.
+
+An app may request a permission for a specific feature it has. For example, any app that can scan QR codes will require the camera permission. Some apps can request more permissions than they need.
+
+[Exodus](https://exodus-privacy.eu.org/) can be useful when comparing apps that have similar purposes. If an app requires a lot of permissions and has a lot of advertising and analytics this is probably a bad sign. We recommend looking at the individual trackers and reading their descriptions rather than simply **counting the total** and assuming all items listed are equal.
+
+!!! warning
+
+    If an app is mostly a web-based service, the tracking may occur on the server side. [Facebook](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.facebook.katana/latest/) shows "no trackers" but certainly does track users' interests and behavior across the site. Apps may evade detection by not using standard code libraries produced by the advertising industry, though this is unlikely.
+
+!!! note
+
+    Privacy-friendly apps such as [Bitwarden](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.x8bit.bitwarden/latest/) may show some trackers such as [Google Firebase Analytics](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/trackers/49/). This library includes [Firebase Cloud Messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging) which can provide [push notifications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology) in apps. This [is the case](https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden/109636825700482007) with Bitwarden. That doesn't mean that Bitwarden is using all of the analytics features that are provided by Google Firebase Analytics.
+
+## Media Access
+
+Quite a few applications allows you to "share" a file with them for media upload. If you want to, for example, tweet a picture to Twitter, do not grant Twitter access to your "media and photos", because it will have access to all of your pictures then. Instead, go to your file manager (documentsUI), hold onto the picture, then share it with Twitter.
+
+## User Profiles
+
+Multiple user profiles can be found in **Settings** → **System** → **Multiple users** and are the simplest way to isolate in Android.
+
+With user profiles, you can impose restrictions on a specific profile, such as: making calls, using SMS, or installing apps on the device. Each profile is encrypted using its own encryption key and cannot access the data of any other profiles. Even the device owner cannot view the data of other profiles without knowing their password. Multiple user profiles are a more secure method of isolation.
+
+## Work Profile
+
+[Work Profiles](https://support.google.com/work/android/answer/6191949) are another way to isolate individual apps and may be more convenient than separate user profiles.
+
+A **device controller** app such as [Shelter](#recommended-apps) is required to create a Work Profile without an enterprise MDM, unless you're using a custom Android OS which includes one.
+
+The work profile is dependent on a device controller to function. Features such as *File Shuttle* and *contact search blocking* or any kind of isolation features must be implemented by the controller. You must also fully trust the device controller app, as it has full access to your data inside of the work profile.
+
+This method is generally less secure than a secondary user profile; however, it does allow you the convenience of running apps in both the work and personal profiles simultaneously.
+
+## VPN Killswitch
+
+Android 7 and above supports a VPN killswitch and it is available without the need to install third-party apps. This feature can prevent leaks if the VPN is disconnected. It can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Network & internet** → **VPN** → :gear: → **Block connections without VPN**.
+
+## Global Toggles
+
+Modern Android devices have global toggles for disabling Bluetooth and location services. Android 12 introduced toggles for the camera and microphone. When not in use, we recommend disabling these features. Apps cannot use disabled features (even if granted individual permission) until re-enabled.
+
+## Google
+
+If you are using a device with Google services, either your stock operating system or an operating system that safely sandboxes Google Play Services like GrapheneOS, there are a number of additional changes you can make to improve your privacy. We still recommend avoiding Google services entirely, or limiting Google Play services to a specific user/work profile by combining a device controller like *Shelter* with GrapheneOS's Sandboxed Google Play.
+
+### Advanced Protection Program
+
+If you have a Google account we suggest enrolling in the [Advanced Protection Program](https://landing.google.com/advancedprotection/). It is available at no cost to anyone with two or more hardware security keys with [FIDO](../basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online) support.
+
+The Advanced Protection Program provides enhanced threat monitoring and enables:
+
+- Stricter two factor authentication; e.g. that [FIDO](../basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online) **must** be used and disallows the use of [SMS OTPs](../basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#sms-or-email-mfa), [TOTP](../basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#time-based-one-time-password-totp) and [OAuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth)
+- Only Google and verified third-party apps can access account data
+- Scanning of incoming emails on Gmail accounts for [phishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing#Email_phishing) attempts
+- Stricter [safe browser scanning](https://www.google.com/chrome/privacy/whitepaper.html#malware) with Google Chrome
+- Stricter recovery process for accounts with lost credentials
+
+ If you use non-sandboxed Google Play Services (common on stock operating systems), the Advanced Protection Program also comes with [additional benefits](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9764949?hl=en) such as:
+
+- Not allowing app installation outside of the Google Play Store, the OS vendor's app store, or via [`adb`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge)
+- Mandatory automatic device scanning with [Play Protect](https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/2812853?hl=en#zippy=%2Chow-malware-protection-works%2Chow-privacy-alerts-work)
+- Warning you about unverified applications
+
+### Google Play System Updates
+
+In the past, Android security updates had to be shipped by the operating system vendor. Android has become more modular beginning with Android 10, and Google can push security updates for **some** system components via the privileged Play Services.
+
+If you have an EOL device shipped with Android 10 or above and are unable to run any of our recommended operating systems on your device, you are likely going to be better off sticking with your OEM Android installation (as opposed to an operating system not listed here such as LineageOS or /e/ OS). This will allow you to receive **some** security fixes from Google, while not violating the Android security model by using an insecure Android derivative and increasing your attack surface. We would still recommend upgrading to a supported device as soon as possible.
+
+### Advertising ID
+
+All devices with Google Play Services installed automatically generate an [advertising ID](https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/6048248?hl=en) used for targeted advertising. Disable this feature to limit the data collected about you.
+
+On Android distributions with [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), go to :gear: **Settings** → **Apps** → **Sandboxed Google Play** → **Google Settings** → **Ads**, and select *Delete advertising ID*.
+
+On Android distributions with privileged Google Play Services (such as stock OSes), the setting may be in one of several locations. Check
+
+- :gear: **Settings** → **Google** → **Ads**
+- :gear: **Settings** → **Privacy** → **Ads**
+
+You will either be given the option to delete your advertising ID or to *Opt out of interest-based ads*, this varies between OEM distributions of Android. If presented with the option to delete the advertising ID that is preferred. If not, then make sure to opt out and reset your advertising ID.
+
+### SafetyNet and Play Integrity API
+
+[SafetyNet](https://developer.android.com/training/safetynet/attestation) and the [Play Integrity APIs](https://developer.android.com/google/play/integrity) are generally used for [banking apps](https://grapheneos.org/usage#banking-apps). Many banking apps will work fine in GrapheneOS with sandboxed Play services, however some non-financial apps have their own crude anti-tampering mechanisms which might fail. GrapheneOS passes the `basicIntegrity` check, but not the certification check `ctsProfileMatch`. Devices with Android 8 or later have hardware attestation support which cannot be bypassed without leaked keys or serious vulnerabilities.
+
+As for Google Wallet, we don't recommend this due to their [privacy policy](https://payments.google.com/payments/apis-secure/get_legal_document?ldo=0&ldt=privacynotice&ldl=en), which states you must opt-out if you don't want your credit rating and personal information shared with affiliate marketing services.
--- a/docs/os/linux-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/os/linux-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/os/qubes-overview.en.md
+++ b/docs/os/qubes-overview.en.md
--- a/docs/passwords.en.md
+++ b/docs/passwords.en.md
--- a/docs/productivity.en.md
+++ b/docs/productivity.en.md
--- a/docs/real-time-communication.en.md
+++ b/docs/real-time-communication.en.md
--- a/docs/router.en.md
+++ b/docs/router.en.md
--- a/docs/search-engines.en.md
+++ b/docs/search-engines.en.md
--- a/docs/tools.md
+++ b/docs/tools.md
@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+---
+title: "Privacy Tools"
+icon: material/tools
+hide:
+  - toc
+---
+
+If you're looking for a specific solution to something, these are the hardware and software tools we recommend in a variety of categories. Our recommended privacy tools are primarily chosen based on security features, with additional emphasis on decentralized and open-source tools. They are applicable to a variety of threat models ranging from protection against global mass surveillance programs and avoiding big tech companies to mitigating attacks, but only you can determine what will work best for your needs.
+
+If you want assistance figuring out the best privacy tools and alternative programs for your needs, start a discussion on our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/) or our [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org) community!
+
+For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips or tricks we recommend, click the "Learn more" link in each section, or click on the recommendation itself to be taken to that specific section of the page.
+
+## Tor Network
+
+<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>
+
+- ![Tor Browser logo](assets/img/browsers/tor.svg){ .twemoji } [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser)
+- ![Orbot logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/orbot.svg){ .twemoji } [Orbot (Smartphone Tor Proxy)](tor.md#orbot)
+- ![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Snowflake](tor.md#snowflake) (1)
+
+</div>
+
+1. Snowflake does not increase privacy, however it allows you to easily contribute to the Tor network and help people in censored networks achieve better privacy.
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](tor.md)
+
+## Desktop Web Browsers
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Firefox logo](assets/img/browsers/firefox.svg){ .twemoji } [Firefox](desktop-browsers.md#firefox)
+- ![Brave logo](assets/img/browsers/brave.svg){ .twemoji } [Brave](desktop-browsers.md#brave)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](desktop-browsers.md)
+
+### Additional Resources
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![uBlock Origin logo](assets/img/browsers/ublock_origin.svg){ .twemoji } [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origin)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](desktop-browsers.md#additional-resources)
+
+## Mobile Web Browsers
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Brave logo](assets/img/browsers/brave.svg){ .twemoji } [Brave (Android)](mobile-browsers.md#brave)
+- ![Safari logo](assets/img/browsers/safari.svg){ .twemoji } [Safari (iOS)](mobile-browsers.md#safari)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md)
+
+### Additional Resources
+
+<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>
+
+- ![AdGuard logo](assets/img/browsers/adguard.svg){ .twemoji } [AdGuard for iOS](mobile-browsers.md#adguard)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md#adguard)
+
+## Operating Systems
+
+### Mobile
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/grapheneos-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [GrapheneOS](android.md#grapheneos)
+- ![DivestOS logo](assets/img/android/divestos.svg){ .twemoji } [DivestOS](android.md#divestos)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md)
+
+#### Android Apps
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Aurora Store logo](assets/img/android/aurora-store.webp){ .twemoji } [Aurora Store (Google Play Client)](android.md#aurora-store)
+- ![Shelter logo](assets/img/android/mini/shelter.svg){ .twemoji } [Shelter (Work Profiles)](android.md#shelter)
+- ![Auditor logo](assets/img/android/auditor.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/auditor-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Auditor (Supported Devices)](android.md#auditor)
+- ![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Secure Camera logo](assets/img/android/secure_camera-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure Camera](android.md#secure-camera)
+- ![Secure PDF Viewer logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![GrapheneOS logo](assets/img/android/secure_pdf_viewer-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Secure PDF Viewer](android.md#secure-pdf-viewer)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md#general-apps)
+
+### Desktop/PC
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Qubes OS logo](assets/img/qubes/qubes_os.svg){ .twemoji } [Qubes OS (Xen VM Distribution)](desktop.md#qubes-os)
+- ![Fedora logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-workstation.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Workstation](desktop.md#fedora-workstation)
+- ![openSUSE Tumbleweed logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/opensuse-tumbleweed.svg){ .twemoji } [OpenSUSE Tumbleweed](desktop.md#opensuse-tumbleweed)
+- ![Arch logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/archlinux.svg){ .twemoji } [Arch Linux](desktop.md#arch-linux)
+- ![Fedora Silverblue logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/fedora-silverblue.svg){ .twemoji } [Fedora Silverblue & Kinoite](desktop.md#fedora-silverblue)
+- ![nixOS logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/nixos.svg){ .twemoji } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
+- ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ .twemoji } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
+- ![Tails logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/tails.svg){ .twemoji } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](desktop.md)
+
+### Router Firmware
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![OpenWrt logo](assets/img/router/openwrt-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [OpenWrt](router.md#openwrt)
+- ![OPNsense logo](assets/img/router/opnsense.svg){ .twemoji } [OPNsense](router.md#opnsense)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](router.md)
+
+## Service Providers
+
+### Cloud Storage
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Drive](cloud.md#proton-drive)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](cloud.md)
+
+### DNS
+
+#### DNS Providers
+
+We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers based on a variety of criteria, such as [Mullvad](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) and [Quad9](https://quad9.net/) amongst others. We recommend for you to read our pages on DNS before choosing a provider. In many cases, using an alternative DNS provider is not recommended.
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](dns.md)
+
+#### Encrypted DNS Proxies
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![RethinkDNS logo](assets/img/android/rethinkdns.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![RethinkDNS logo](assets/img/android/rethinkdns-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [RethinkDNS](dns.md#rethinkdns)
+- ![dnscrypt-proxy logo](assets/img/dns/dnscrypt-proxy.svg){ .twemoji } [dnscrypt-proxy](dns.md#dnscrypt-proxy)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](dns.md#encrypted-dns-proxies)
+
+#### Self-hosted Solutions
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![AdGuard Home logo](assets/img/dns/adguard-home.svg){ .twemoji } [AdGuard Home](dns.md#adguard-home)
+- ![Pi-hole logo](assets/img/dns/pi-hole.svg){ .twemoji } [Pi-hole](dns.md#pi-hole)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](dns.md#self-hosted-solutions)
+
+### Email
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
+- ![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
+- ![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![StartMail logo](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [StartMail](email.md#startmail)
+- ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/email/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](email.md#tutanota)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email.md)
+
+#### Email Aliasing Services
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![AnonAddy logo](assets/img/email/anonaddy.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![AnonAddy logo](assets/img/email/anonaddy-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [AnonAddy](email.md#anonaddy)
+- ![SimpleLogin logo](assets/img/email/simplelogin.svg){ .twemoji } [SimpleLogin](email.md#simplelogin)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email.md#email-aliasing-services)
+
+#### Self-Hosting Email
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![mailcow logo](assets/img/email/mailcow.svg){ .twemoji } [mailcow](email.md#self-hosting-email)
+- ![Mail-in-a-Box logo](assets/img/email/mail-in-a-box.svg){ .twemoji } [Mail-in-a-Box](email.md#self-hosting-email)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email.md#self-hosting-email)
+
+### Financial Services
+
+#### Payment Masking Services
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Privacy.com logo](assets/img/financial-services/privacy_com-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Privacy.com](financial-services.md#privacycom-us-free)
+- ![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![MySudo logo](assets/img/financial-services/mysudo-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [MySudo](financial-services.md#mysudo-us-paid)
+- ![Revolut logo](assets/img/financial-services/revolut.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Revolut logo](assets/img/financial-services/revolut-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Revolut](financial-services.md#revolut)
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](financial-services.md#payment-masking-services)
+
+#### Online Gift Card Marketplaces
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Cake Pay logo](assets/img/financial-services/cakepay.svg){ .twemoji } [Cake Pay](financial-services.md#cake-pay)
+- ![CoinCards logo](assets/img/financial-services/coincards.svg){ .twemoji } [CoinCards](financial-services.md#coincards)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](financial-services.md#gift-card-marketplaces)
+
+### Search Engines
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Brave Search logo](assets/img/search-engines/brave-search.svg){ .twemoji } [Brave Search](search-engines.md#brave-search)
+- ![DuckDuckGo logo](assets/img/search-engines/duckduckgo.svg){ .twemoji } [DuckDuckGo](search-engines.md#duckduckgo)
+- ![SearXNG logo](assets/img/search-engines/searxng.svg){ .twemoji } [SearXNG](search-engines.md#searxng)
+- ![Startpage logo](assets/img/search-engines/startpage.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Startpage logo](assets/img/search-engines/startpage-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Startpage](search-engines.md#startpage)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](search-engines.md)
+
+### VPN Providers
+
+??? danger "VPNs do not provide anonymity"
+
+    Using a VPN will **not** keep your browsing habits anonymous, nor will it add additional security to non-secure (HTTP) traffic.
+
+    If you are looking for **anonymity**, you should use the Tor Browser **instead** of a VPN.
+
+    If you're looking for added **security**, you should always ensure you're connecting to websites using HTTPS. A VPN is not a replacement for good security practices.
+
+    [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](vpn.md)
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton VPN](vpn.md#proton-vpn)
+- ![IVPN logo](assets/img/vpn/mini/ivpn.svg){ .twemoji } [IVPN](vpn.md#ivpn)
+- ![Mullvad logo](assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg){ .twemoji } [Mullvad](vpn.md#mullvad)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](vpn.md)
+
+## Software
+
+### Calendar Sync
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Tutanota logo](assets/img/calendar/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](calendar.md#tutanota)
+- ![Proton Calendar logo](assets/img/calendar/proton-calendar.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Calendar](calendar.md#proton-calendar)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](calendar.md)
+
+### Cryptocurrency
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Monero logo](assets/img/cryptocurrency/monero.svg){ .twemoji }[Monero](cryptocurrency.md#monero)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](cryptocurrency.md)
+
+### Data and Metadata Redaction
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![MAT2 logo](assets/img/data-redaction/mat2.svg){ .twemoji } [MAT2](data-redaction.md#mat2)
+- ![ExifEraser logo](assets/img/data-redaction/exiferaser.svg){ .twemoji } [ExifEraser (Android)](data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android)
+- ![Metapho logo](assets/img/data-redaction/metapho.jpg){ .twemoji } [Metapho (iOS)](data-redaction.md#metapho-ios)
+- ![PrivacyBlur logo](assets/img/data-redaction/privacyblur.svg){ .twemoji } [PrivacyBlur](data-redaction.md#privacyblur)
+- ![ExifTool logo](assets/img/data-redaction/exiftool.png){ .twemoji } [ExifTool (CLI)](data-redaction.md#exiftool)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](data-redaction.md)
+
+### Email Clients
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Thunderbird logo](assets/img/email-clients/thunderbird.svg){ .twemoji } [Thunderbird](email-clients.md#thunderbird)
+- ![Apple Mail logo](assets/img/email-clients/applemail.png){ .twemoji } [Apple Mail (macOS)](email-clients.md#apple-mail-macos)
+- ![Canary Mail logo](assets/img/email-clients/canarymail.svg){ .twemoji } [Canary Mail (iOS)](email-clients.md#canary-mail-ios)
+- ![FairEmail logo](assets/img/email-clients/fairemail.svg){ .twemoji } [FairEmail (Android)](email-clients.md#fairemail-android)
+- ![GNOME Evolution logo](assets/img/email-clients/evolution.svg){ .twemoji } [GNOME Evolution (Linux)](email-clients.md#gnome-evolution-gnome)
+- ![K-9 Mail logo](assets/img/email-clients/k9mail.svg){ .twemoji } [K-9 Mail (Android)](email-clients.md#k-9-mail-android)
+- ![Kontact logo](assets/img/email-clients/kontact.svg){ .twemoji } [Kontact (Linux)](email-clients.md#kontact-kde)
+- ![Mailvelope logo](assets/img/email-clients/mailvelope.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailvelope (PGP in standard webmail)](email-clients.md#mailvelope-browser)
+- ![NeoMutt logo](assets/img/email-clients/mutt.svg){ .twemoji } [NeoMutt (CLI)](email-clients.md#neomutt-cli)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email-clients.md)
+
+### Encryption Software
+
+??? info "Operating System Disk Encryption"
+
+    For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichever encryption tool your operating system provides, whether that is **BitLocker** on Windows, **FileVault** on macOS, or **LUKS** on Linux. These tools are included with the operating system and typically use hardware encryption elements such as a TPM that other full-disk encryption software like VeraCrypt do not. VeraCrypt is still suitable for non-operating system disks such as external drives, especially drives that may be accessed from multiple operating systems.
+
+    [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](encryption.md##operating-system-included-full-disk-encryption-fde)
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Cryptomator logo](assets/img/encryption-software/cryptomator.svg){ .twemoji } [Cryptomator](encryption.md#cryptomator-cloud)
+- ![Picocrypt logo](assets/img/encryption-software/picocrypt.svg){ .twemoji } [Picocrypt](encryption.md#picocrypt-file)
+- ![VeraCrypt logo](assets/img/encryption-software/veracrypt.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![VeraCrypt logo](assets/img/encryption-software/veracrypt-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [VeraCrypt (FDE)](encryption.md#veracrypt-disk)
+- ![Hat.sh logo](assets/img/encryption-software/hat-sh.png#only-light){ .twemoji }![Hat.sh logo](assets/img/encryption-software/hat-sh-dark.png#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Hat.sh (Browser-based)](encryption.md#hatsh)
+- ![Kryptor logo](assets/img/encryption-software/kryptor.png){ .twemoji } [Kryptor](encryption.md#kryptor)
+- ![Tomb logo](assets/img/encryption-software/tomb.png){ .twemoji } [Tomb](encryption.md#tomb)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](encryption.md)
+
+#### OpenPGP Clients
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![GnuPG logo](assets/img/encryption-software/gnupg.svg){ .twemoji } [GnuPG](encryption.md#gnu-privacy-guard)
+- ![GPG4Win logo](assets/img/encryption-software/gpg4win.svg){ .twemoji } [GPG4Win (Windows)](encryption.md#gpg4win)
+- ![GPG Suite logo](assets/img/encryption-software/gpgsuite.png){ .twemoji } [GPG Suite (macOS)](encryption.md#gpg-suite)
+- ![OpenKeychain logo](assets/img/encryption-software/openkeychain.svg){ .twemoji } [OpenKeychain](encryption.md#openkeychain)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](encryption.md#openpgp)
+
+### File Sharing and Sync
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ .twemoji } [Send](file-sharing.md#send)
+- ![OnionShare logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/onionshare.svg){ .twemoji } [OnionShare](file-sharing.md#onionshare)
+- ![FreedomBox logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg){ .twemoji } [FreedomBox](file-sharing.md#freedombox)
+- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
+- ![Syncthing logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/syncthing.svg){ .twemoji } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](file-sharing.md)
+
+### Frontends
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Librarian logo](assets/img/frontends/librarian-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Librarian (LBRY, Web)](frontends.md#librarian)
+- ![Nitter logo](assets/img/frontends/nitter.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitter (Twitter, Web)](frontends.md#nitter)
+- ![FreeTube logo](assets/img/frontends/freetube.svg){ .twemoji } [FreeTube (YouTube, Desktop)](frontends.md#freetube)
+- ![Yattee logo](assets/img/frontends/yattee.svg){ .twemoji } [Yattee (YouTube; iOS, tvOS, macOS)](frontends.md#yattee)
+- ![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![LibreTube logo](assets/img/frontends/libretube-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [LibreTube (YouTube, Android)](frontends.md#libretube-android)  
+- ![NewPipe logo](assets/img/frontends/newpipe.svg){ .twemoji } [NewPipe (YouTube, Android)](frontends.md#newpipe-android)
+- ![Invidious logo](assets/img/frontends/invidious.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Invidious logo](assets/img/frontends/invidious-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Invidious (YouTube, Web)](frontends.md#invidious)
+- ![Piped logo](assets/img/frontends/piped.svg){ .twemoji } [Piped (YouTube, Web)](frontends.md#piped)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](frontends.md)
+
+### Multi-Factor Authentication Tools
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![YubiKeys](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/yubico.svg){ .twemoji } [YubiKey](multi-factor-authentication.md#yubikey)
+- ![Nitrokey](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/nitrokey.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitrokey](multi-factor-authentication.md#nitrokey-librem-key)
+- ![Aegis logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/aegis.png){ .twemoji } [Aegis Authenticator](multi-factor-authentication.md#aegis-authenticator)
+- ![Raivo OTP logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/raivo-otp.png){ .twemoji } [Raivo OTP](multi-factor-authentication.md#raivo-otp)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](multi-factor-authentication.md)
+
+### News Aggregators
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Akregator logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/akregator.svg){ .twemoji } [Akregator](news-aggregators.md#akregator)
+- ![Feeder logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/feeder.png){ .twemoji} [Feeder](news-aggregators.md#feeder)
+- ![Fluent Reader logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/fluent-reader.svg){ .twemoji } [Fluent Reader](news-aggregators.md#fluent-reader)
+- ![GNOME Feeds logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/gfeeds.svg){ .twemoji } [GNOME Feeds](news-aggregators.md#gnome-feeds)
+- ![Miniflux logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/miniflux.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Miniflux logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/miniflux-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Miniflux](news-aggregators.md#miniflux)
+- ![NetNewsWire logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/netnewswire.png){ .twemoji } [NetNewsWire](news-aggregators.md#netnewswire)
+- ![Newsboat logo](assets/img/news-aggregators/newsboat.svg){ .twemoji } [Newsboat](news-aggregators.md#newsboat)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](news-aggregators.md)
+
+### Notebooks
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Joplin logo](assets/img/notebooks/joplin.svg){ .twemoji } [Joplin](notebooks.md#joplin)
+- ![Standard Notes logo](assets/img/notebooks/standard-notes.svg){ .twemoji } [Standard Notes](notebooks.md#standard-notes)
+- ![Cryptee logo](assets/img/notebooks/cryptee.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Cryptee logo](assets/img/notebooks/cryptee-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [Cryptee](notebooks.md#cryptee)
+- ![Org-mode logo](assets/img/notebooks/org-mode.svg){ .twemoji } [Org-mode](notebooks.md#org-mode)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](notebooks.md)
+
+### Password Managers
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Bitwarden logo](assets/img/password-management/bitwarden.svg){ .twemoji } [Bitwarden](passwords.md#bitwarden)
+- ![1Password logo](assets/img/password-management/1password.svg){ .twemoji } [1Password](passwords.md#1password)
+- ![Psono logo](assets/img/password-management/psono.svg){ .twemoji } [Psono](passwords.md#psono)
+- ![KeePassXC logo](assets/img/password-management/keepassxc.svg){ .twemoji } [KeePassXC](passwords.md#keepassxc)
+- ![KeePassDX logo](assets/img/password-management/keepassdx.svg){ .twemoji } [KeePassDX (Android)](passwords.md#keepassdx-android)
+- ![Strongbox logo](assets/img/password-management/strongbox.svg){ .twemoji } [Strongbox (iOS & macOS)](passwords.md#strongbox-ios-macos)
+- ![gopass logo](assets/img/password-management/gopass.svg){ .twemoji } [gopass](passwords.md#gopass)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](passwords.md)
+
+### Productivity Tools
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
+- ![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/libreoffice.svg){ .twemoji } [LibreOffice](productivity.md#libreoffice)
+- ![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/onlyoffice.svg){ .twemoji } [OnlyOffice](productivity.md#onlyoffice)
+- ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ .twemoji } [CryptPad](productivity.md#cryptpad)
+- ![PrivateBin logo](assets/img/productivity/privatebin.svg){ .twemoji } [PrivateBin (Pastebin)](productivity.md#privatebin)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](productivity.md)
+
+### Real-Time Communication
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![Signal logo](assets/img/messengers/signal.svg){ .twemoji } [Signal](real-time-communication.md#signal)
+- ![Briar logo](assets/img/messengers/briar.svg){ .twemoji } [Briar](real-time-communication.md#briar)
+- ![SimpleX Chat logo](assets/img/messengers/simplex.svg){ .twemoji } [SimpleX Chat](real-time-communication.md#simplex-chat)
+- ![Element logo](assets/img/messengers/element.svg){ .twemoji } [Element](real-time-communication.md#element)
+- ![Session logo](assets/img/messengers/session.svg){ .twemoji } [Session](real-time-communication.md#session)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](real-time-communication.md)
+
+### Video Streaming Clients
+
+<div class="grid cards" markdown>
+
+- ![LBRY logo](assets/img/video-streaming/lbry.svg){ .twemoji } [LBRY](video-streaming.md#lbry)
+
+</div>
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](video-streaming.md)
--- a/docs/tor.md
+++ b/docs/tor.md
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+---
+title: "Tor Network"
+icon: simple/torproject
+---
+
+![Tor logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/tor.svg){ align=right }
+
+The **Tor** network is a group of volunteer-operated servers that allows you to connect for free and improve your privacy and security on the Internet. Individuals and organizations can also share information over the Tor network with ".onion hidden services" without compromising their privacy. Because Tor traffic is difficult to block and trace, Tor is an effective censorship circumvention tool.
+
+[:octicons-home-16:](https://www.torproject.org){ .card-link title=Homepage }
+[:simple-torbrowser:](http://2gzyxa5ihm7nsggfxnu52rck2vv4rvmdlkiu3zzui5du4xyclen53wid.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://tb-manual.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor.git){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+Tor works by routing your internet traffic through those volunteer-operated servers, instead of making a direct connection to the site you're trying to visit. This obfuscates where the traffic is coming from, and no server in the connection path is able to see the full path of where the traffic is coming from and going to, meaning even the servers you are using to connect cannot break your anonymity.
+
+[Detailed Tor Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/tor-overview.md){ .md-button }
+
+## Connecting to Tor
+
+There are a variety of ways to connect to the Tor network from your device, the most commonly used being the **Tor Browser**, a fork of Firefox designed for anonymous browsing for desktop computers and Android. In addition to the apps listed below, there are also operating systems designed specifically to connect to the Tor network such as [Whonix](desktop.md#whonix) on [Qubes OS](desktop.md#qubes-os), which provide even greater security and protections than the standard Tor Browser.
+
+### Tor Browser
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Tor Browser logo](assets/img/browsers/tor.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Tor Browser** is the choice if you need anonymity, as it provides you with access to the Tor network and bridges, and it includes default settings and extensions that are automatically configured by the default security levels: *Standard*, *Safer* and *Safest*.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.torproject.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://2gzyxa5ihm7nsggfxnu52rck2vv4rvmdlkiu3zzui5du4xyclen53wid.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://tb-manual.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Documentation }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-browser.git/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.torbrowser)
+        - [:simple-android: Android](https://www.torproject.org/download/#android)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.torproject.org/download/)
+        - [:simple-freebsd: FreeBSD](https://www.freshports.org/security/tor)
+
+!!! danger
+
+    You should **never** install any additional extensions on Tor Browser or edit `about:config` settings, including the ones we suggest for Firefox. Browser extensions and non-standard settings make you stand out from others on the Tor network, thus making your browser easier to [fingerprint](https://support.torproject.org/glossary/browser-fingerprinting).
+
+The Tor Browser is designed to prevent fingerprinting, or identifying you based on your browser configuration. Therefore, it is imperative that you do **not** modify the browser beyond the default [security levels](https://tb-manual.torproject.org/security-settings/).
+
+### Orbot
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Orbot logo](assets/img/self-contained-networks/orbot.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Orbot** is a free Tor VPN for smartphones which routes traffic from any app on your device through the Tor network.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://orbot.app/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://orbot.app/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://orbot.app/faqs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://orbot.app/code){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://orbot.app/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.android)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/orbot/id1609461599)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/guardianproject/orbot/releases)
+
+For resistance against traffic analysis attacks, consider enabling *Isolate Destination Address* in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Connectivity**. This will use a completely different Tor Circuit (different middle relay and exit nodes) for every domain you connect to.
+
+!!! tip "Tips for Android"
+
+    Orbot can proxy individual apps if they support SOCKS or HTTP proxying. It can also proxy all your network connections using [VpnService](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/VpnService) and can be used with the VPN killswitch in :gear: **Settings** → **Network & internet** → **VPN** → :gear: → **Block connections without VPN**.
+
+    Orbot is often outdated on the Guardian Project's [F-Droid repository](https://guardianproject.info/fdroid) and [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.android), so consider downloading directly from the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/guardianproject/orbot/releases) instead.
+
+    All versions are signed using the same signature so they should be compatible with each other.
+
+## Relays and Bridges
+
+### Snowflake
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake.svg#only-light){ align=right }
+    ![Snowflake logo](assets/img/browsers/snowflake-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
+
+    **Snowflake** allows you to donate bandwidth to the Tor Project by operating a "Snowflake proxy" within your browser.
+
+    People who are censored can use Snowflake proxies to connect to the Tor network. Snowflake is a great way to contribute to the network even if you don't have the technical know-how to run a Tor relay or bridge.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://snowflake.torproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/Technical%20Overview){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitweb.torproject.org/pluggable-transports/snowflake.git/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://donate.torproject.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/torproject-snowflake/)
+        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/snowflake/mafpmfcccpbjnhfhjnllmmalhifmlcie)
+        - [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed "Leave this page open to be a Snowflake proxy")
+
+??? tip "Embedded Snowflake"
+
+    You can enable Snowflake in your browser by clicking the switch below and ==leaving this page open==. You can also install Snowflake as a browser extension to have it always run while your browser is open, however adding third-party extensions can increase your attack surface.
+
+    <center><iframe src="https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html" width="320" height="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></center>
+    <small>If the embed does not appear for you, ensure you are not blocking the third-party frame from `torproject.org`. Alternatively, visit [this page](https://snowflake.torproject.org/embed.html).</small>
+
+Snowflake does not increase your privacy in any way, nor is it used to connect to the Tor network within your personal browser. However, if your internet connection is uncensored, you should consider running it to help people in censored networks achieve better privacy themselves. There is no need to worry about which websites people are accessing through your proxy—their visible browsing IP address will match their Tor exit node, not yours.
+
+Running a Snowflake proxy is low-risk, even moreso than running a Tor relay or bridge which are already not particularly risky endeavours. However, it does still proxy traffic through your network which can be impactful in some ways, especially if your network is bandwidth-limited. Make sure you understand [how Snowflake works](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/anti-censorship/pluggable-transports/snowflake/-/wikis/home) before deciding whether to run a proxy.
--- a/docs/video-streaming.en.md
+++ b/docs/video-streaming.en.md
--- a/docs/vpn.md
+++ b/docs/vpn.md
@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+---
+title: "VPN Services"
+icon: material/vpn
+---
+
+Find a no-logging VPN operator who isn’t out to sell or read your web traffic.
+
+!!! danger "VPNs do not provide anonymity"
+
+    Using a VPN will **not** keep your browsing habits anonymous, nor will it add additional security to non-secure (HTTP) traffic.
+
+    If you are looking for **anonymity**, you should use the Tor Browser **instead** of a VPN.
+
+    If you're looking for added **security**, you should always ensure you're connecting to websites using HTTPS. A VPN is not a replacement for good security practices.
+
+    [Download Tor](https://www.torproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Tor Myths & FAQ](advanced/tor-overview.md){ .md-button }
+
+If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved.
+
+[Detailed VPN Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](basics/vpn-overview.md){ .md-button }
+
+## Recommended Providers
+
+!!! abstract "Criteria"
+
+    Our recommended providers use encryption, accept Monero, support WireGuard & OpenVPN, and have a no logging policy. Read our [full list of criteria](#our-criteria) for more information.
+
+### Proton VPN
+
+!!! recommendation annotate
+
+    ![Proton VPN logo](assets/img/vpn/protonvpn.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Proton VPN** is a strong contender in the VPN space, and they have been in operation since 2016. Proton AG is based in Switzerland and offers a limited free tier, as well as a more featured premium option.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://protonvpn.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://protonvpn.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://protonvpn.com/support/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonVPN){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1437005085)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://protonvpn.com/download-windows)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/)
+
+??? success annotate "67 Countries"
+
+    Proton VPN has [servers in 67 countries](https://protonvpn.com/vpn-servers) (1). Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
+
+    We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
+
+1. Last checked: 2022-09-16
+
+??? success "Independently Audited"
+
+    As of January 2020, Proton VPN has undergone an independent audit by SEC Consult. SEC Consult found some medium and low risk vulnerabilities in Proton VPN's Windows, Android, and iOS applications, all of which were "properly fixed" by Proton VPN before the reports were published. None of the issues identified would have provided an attacker remote access to your device or traffic. You can view individual reports for each platform at [protonvpn.com](https://protonvpn.com/blog/open-source/). In April 2022 Proton VPN underwent [another audit](https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit/) and the report was [produced by Securitum](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/securitum-protonvpn-nologs-20220330.pdf). A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton VPN's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
+
+??? success "Open-Source Clients"
+
+    Proton VPN provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ProtonVPN).
+
+??? success "Accepts Cash"
+
+    Proton VPN, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards, PayPal, and [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), also accepts **cash/local currency** as an anonymous form of payment.
+
+??? success "WireGuard Support"
+
+    Proton VPN mostly supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Additionally, WireGuard aims to be simpler and more performant.
+
+    Proton VPN [recommends](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. On Proton VPN's Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Android TV apps, WireGuard is the default protocol; however, [support](https://protonvpn.com/support/how-to-change-vpn-protocols/) for the protocol is not present in their Linux app.
+
+??? warning "Remote Port Forwarding"
+
+    Proton VPN currently only supports remote [port forwarding](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding/) on Windows, which may impact some applications. Especially Peer-to-peer applications like Torrent clients.
+
+??? success "Mobile Clients"
+
+    In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, Proton VPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/protonvpn-fast-secure-vpn/id1437005085), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android&hl=en_US), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    Proton VPN clients support two factor authentication on all platforms except Linux at the moment. Proton VPN has their own servers and datacenters in Switzerland, Iceland and Sweden. They offer adblocking and known malware domains blocking with their DNS service. Additionally, Proton VPN also offers "Tor" servers allowing you to easily connect to onion sites, but we still strongly recommend using [the official Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) for this purpose.
+
+!!! danger "Killswitch feature is broken on Intel-based Macs"
+
+    System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-switch/) on Intel-based Macs when using the VPN killswitch. If you require this feature, and you are using a Mac with Intel chipset, you should consider using another VPN service.
+
+### IVPN
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![IVPN logo](assets/img/vpn/ivpn.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **IVPN** is another premium VPN provider, and they have been in operation since 2009. IVPN is based in Gibraltar.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.ivpn.net/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.ivpn.net/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/general/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ivpn){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-android: Android](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-android/)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-windows/)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-macos/)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-linux/)
+
+??? success annotate "35 Countries"
+
+    IVPN has [servers in 35 countries](https://www.ivpn.net/server-locations) (1). Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
+
+    We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
+
+1. Last checked: 2022-09-16
+
+??? success "Independently Audited"
+
+    IVPN has undergone a [no-logging audit from Cure53](https://cure53.de/audit-report_ivpn.pdf) which concluded in agreement with IVPN's no-logging claim. IVPN has also completed a [comprehensive pentest report Cure53](https://cure53.de/summary-report_ivpn_2019.pdf) in January 2020. IVPN has also said they plan to have [annual reports](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/independent-security-audit-concluded) in the future. A further review was conducted [in April 2022](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-apps-security-audit-2022-concluded/) and was produced by Cure53 [on their website](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_IVPN_2022.pdf).
+
+??? success "Open-Source Clients"
+
+    As of February 2020 [IVPN applications are now open-source](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-applications-are-now-open-source). Source code can be obtained from their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ivpn).
+
+??? success "Accepts Cash and Monero"
+
+    In addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, IVPN accepts Bitcoin, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** (on annual plans) as anonymous forms of payment.
+
+??? success "WireGuard Support"
+
+    IVPN supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Additionally, WireGuard aims to be simpler and more performant.
+
+    IVPN [recommends](https://www.ivpn.net/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service and, as such, the protocol is the default on all of IVPN's apps. IVPN also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).
+
+??? success "Remote Port Forwarding"
+
+    Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is possible with a Pro plan. Port forwarding [can be activated](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/81/How-do-I-activate-port-forwarding.html) via the client area. Port forwarding is only available on IVPN when using WireGuard or OpenVPN protocols and is [disabled on US servers](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/116/Port-forwarding-is-not-working-why.html).
+
+??? success "Mobile Clients"
+
+    In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, IVPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ivpn.client), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ivpn/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    IVPN clients support two factor authentication (Mullvad's clients do not). IVPN also provides "[AntiTracker](https://www.ivpn.net/antitracker)" functionality, which blocks advertising networks and trackers from the network level.
+
+### Mullvad
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Mullvad logo](assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg){ align=right }
+
+    **Mullvad** is a fast and inexpensive VPN with a serious focus on transparency and security. They have been in operation since **2009**. Mullvad is based in Sweden and does not have a free trial.
+
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mullvad.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mullvad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+    ??? downloads
+    
+        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn)
+        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513)
+        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/releases)
+        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://mullvad.net/en/download/windows/)
+        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://mullvad.net/en/download/macos/)
+        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://mullvad.net/en/download/linux/)
+
+??? success annotate "41 Countries"
+
+    Mullvad has [servers in 41 countries](https://mullvad.net/servers/) (1). Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. This is because of a shorter route (fewer hops) to the destination.
+
+    We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
+
+1. Last checked: 2023-01-19
+
+??? success "Independently Audited"
+
+    Mullvad's VPN clients have been audited by Cure53 and Assured AB in a pentest report [published at cure53.de](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_v2.pdf). The security researchers concluded:
+
+    > Cure53 and Assured AB are happy with the results of the audit and the software leaves an overall positive impression. With security dedication of the in-house team at the Mullvad VPN compound, the testers have no doubts about the project being on the right track from a security standpoint.
+
+    In 2020 a second audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/blog/2020/6/25/results-available-audit-mullvad-app/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2020_v2.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website:
+
+    > The results of this May-June 2020 project targeting the Mullvad complex are quite positive. [...] The overall application ecosystem used by Mullvad leaves a sound and structured impression. The overall structure of the application makes it easy to roll out patches and fixes in a structured manner. More than anything, the findings spotted by Cure53 showcase the importance of constantly auditing and re-assessing the current leak vectors, in order to always ensure privacy of the end-users. With that being said, Mullvad does a great job protecting the end-user from common PII leaks and privacy related risks.
+
+    In 2021 an infrastructure audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2021/1/20/no-pii-or-privacy-leaks-found-cure53s-infrastructure-audit/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2021_v1.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website. Another report was commissioned [in June 2022](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2022/6/22/vpn-server-audit-found-no-information-leakage-or-logging-of-customer-data/) and is available on [Assured's website](https://www.assured.se/publications/Assured_Mullvad_relay_server_audit_report_2022.pdf).
+
+??? success "Open-Source Clients"
+
+    Mullvad provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app).
+
+??? success "Accepts Cash and Monero"
+
+    Mullvad, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, accepts Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** as anonymous forms of payment. They also accept Swish and bank wire transfers.
+
+??? success "WireGuard Support"
+
+    Mullvad supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Additionally, WireGuard aims to be simpler and more performant.
+
+    Mullvad [recommends](https://mullvad.net/en/help/why-wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. It is the default or only protocol on Mullvad's Android, iOS, macOS, and Linux apps, but on Windows you have to [manually enable](https://mullvad.net/en/help/how-turn-wireguard-mullvad-app/) WireGuard. Mullvad also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).
+
+??? success "IPv6 Support"
+
+    Mullvad supports the future of networking [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). Their network allows you to [access services hosted on IPv6](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/) as opposed to other providers who block IPv6 connections.
+
+??? success "Remote Port Forwarding"
+
+    Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is allowed for people who make one-time payments, but not allowed for accounts with a recurring/subscription-based payment method. This is to prevent Mullvad from being able to identify you based on your port usage and stored subscription information. See [Port forwarding with Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net/help/port-forwarding-and-mullvad/) for more information.
+
+??? success "Mobile Clients"
+
+    Mullvad has published [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513) and [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn) clients, both supporting an easy-to-use interface as opposed to requiring you to manually configure your WireGuard connection. The Android client is also available on [GitHub](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/releases).
+
+??? info "Additional Functionality"
+
+    Mullvad is very transparent about which nodes they [own or rent](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). They use [ShadowSocks](https://shadowsocks.org/) in their ShadowSocks + OpenVPN configuration, making them more resistant against firewalls with [Deep Packet Inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) trying to block VPNs. Supposedly, [China has to use a different method to block ShadowSocks servers](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/22). Mullvad's website is also accessible via Tor at [o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion).
+
+## Criteria
+
+!!! danger
+
+    It is important to note that using a VPN provider will not make you anonymous, but it will give you better privacy in certain situations. A VPN is not a tool for illegal activities. Don't rely on a "no log" policy.
+
+**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any VPN provider wishing to be recommended, including strong encryption, independent security audits, modern technology, and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a VPN provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the VPN provider you choose is as trustworthy as possible.
+
+### Technology
+
+We require all our recommended VPN providers to provide OpenVPN configuration files to be used in any client. **If** a VPN provides their own custom client, we require a killswitch to block network data leaks when disconnected.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Support for strong protocols such as WireGuard & OpenVPN.
+- Killswitch built in to clients.
+- Multihop support. Multihopping is important to keep data private in case of a single node compromise.
+- If VPN clients are provided, they should be [open-source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source), like the VPN software they generally have built into them. We believe that [source code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code) availability provides greater transparency about what your device is actually doing.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- WireGuard and OpenVPN support.
+- Killswitch with highly configurable options (enable/disable on certain networks, on boot, etc.)
+- Easy-to-use VPN clients
+- Supports [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). We expect that servers will allow incoming connections via IPv6 and allow you to access services hosted on IPv6 addresses.
+- Capability of [remote port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding#Remote_port_forwarding) assists in creating connections when using P2P ([Peer-to-Peer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer)) file sharing software or hosting a server (e.g., Mumble).
+
+### Privacy
+
+We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible. Not collecting personal information on registration, and accepting anonymous forms of payment are required.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- [Anonymous cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md) **or** cash payment option.
+- No personal information required to register: Only username, password, and email at most.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Accepts multiple [anonymous payment options](advanced/payments.md).
+- No personal information accepted (autogenerated username, no email required, etc.).
+
+### Security
+
+A VPN is pointless if it can't even provide adequate security. We require all our recommended providers to abide by current security standards for their OpenVPN connections. Ideally, they would use more future-proof encryption schemes by default. We also require an independent third-party to audit the provider's security, ideally in a very comprehensive manner and on a repeated (yearly) basis.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Strong Encryption Schemes: OpenVPN with SHA-256 authentication; RSA-2048 or better handshake; AES-256-GCM or AES-256-CBC data encryption.
+- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
+- Published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Strongest Encryption: RSA-4096.
+- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
+- Comprehensive published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.
+- Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.
+
+### Trust
+
+You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your internet data? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Public-facing leadership or ownership.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+- Public-facing leadership.
+- Frequent transparency reports.
+
+### Marketing
+
+With the VPN providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.
+
+**Minimum to Qualify:**
+
+- Must self-host analytics (i.e., no Google Analytics). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for people who want to opt-out.
+
+Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:
+
+- Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
+    - Reusing personal information (e.g., email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
+    - [Browser fingerprinting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)
+- Claim that a single circuit VPN is "more anonymous" than Tor, which is a circuit of three or more hops that regularly changes.
+- Use responsible language: i.e., it is okay to say that a VPN is "disconnected" or "not connected", however claiming that someone is "exposed", "vulnerable" or "compromised" is needless use of alarming language that may be incorrect. For example, that person might simply be on another VPN provider's service or using Tor.
+
+**Best Case:**
+
+Responsible marketing that is both educational and useful to the consumer could include:
+
+- An accurate comparison to when [Tor](tor.md) should be used instead.
+- Availability of the VPN provider's website over a [.onion service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion)
+
+### Additional Functionality
+
+While not strictly requirements, there are some factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend. These include adblocking/tracker-blocking functionality, warrant canaries, multihop connections, excellent customer support, the number of allowed simultaneous connections, etc.
--- a/i18n/ar/404.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/404.md
@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one o
 - [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
 - [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
 - [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Community Code of Conduct
+
+**We pledge** to make our community a harassment-free experience for everyone.
+
+**We strive** to create a positive environment, using welcoming and inclusive language, and being respectful of the viewpoints of others.
+
+**We do not allow** inappropriate or otherwise unacceptable behavior, such as sexualized language, trolling and insulting comments, or otherwise promoting intolerance or harassment.
+
+## Community Standards
+
+What we expect from members of our communities:
+
+1. **Don't spread misinformation**
+
+      We are creating an evidence-based educational community around information privacy and security, not a home for conspiracy theories. For example, when making a claim that a certain piece of software is malicious or that certain telemetry data is privacy invasive, explain in detail what is collected and how it collected. Claims of this nature must be backed by technical evidence.
+
+1. **Don't abuse our willingness to help**
+
+      Our community members are not your free tech support. We are happy to help you with specific steps on your privacy journey if you are willing to put in effort on your end. We are not willing to answer endlessly repeated questions about generic computer problems you could have answered yourself with a 30-second internet search. Don't be a [help vampire](https://slash7.com/2006/12/22/vampires/).
+
+1. **Behave in a positive and constructive manner**
+
+      Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
+
+      - Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+      - Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+      - Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+      - Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
+      - Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community
+
+### Unacceptable Behavior
+
+The following behaviors are considered harassment and are unacceptable within our community:
+
+- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
+- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+- Public or private harassment
+- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
+- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
+
+## Scope
+
+Our Code of Conduct applies within all project spaces, as well as when an individual is representing the Privacy Guides project in other communities.
+
+We are responsible for clarifying the standards of our community, and have the right to remove or alter the comments of those participating within our community, as necessary and at our discretion.
+
+### Contact
+
+If you observe a problem on a platform like Matrix or Reddit, please contact our moderators on that platform in chat, via DM, or through any designated "Modmail" system.
+
+If you have a problem elsewhere, or a problem our community moderators are unable to resolve, reach out to `jonah@privacyguides.org` and/or `dngray@privacyguides.org`.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.
--- a/i18n/ar/about/criteria.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/criteria.md
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: General Criteria
+---
+
+!!! example "Work in Progress"
+
+    The following page is a work in progress, and does not reflect the full criteria for our recommendations at this time. Past discussion on this topic: [#24](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/discussions/24)
+
+Below are some things that must apply to all submissions to Privacy Guides. Each category will have additional requirements for inclusion.
+
+## Financial Disclosure
+
+We do not make money from recommending certain products, we do not use affiliate links, and we do not provide special consideration to project donors.
+
+## General Guidelines
+
+We apply these priorities when considering new recommendations:
+
+- **Secure**: Tools should follow security best-practices wherever applicable.
+- **Source Availability**: Open source projects are generally preferred over equivalent proprietary alternatives.
+- **Cross-Platform**: We typically prefer recommendations to be cross-platform, to avoid vendor lock-in.
+- **Active Development**: The tools that we recommend should be actively developed, unmaintained projects will be removed in most cases.
+- **Usability**: Tools should be accessible to most computer users, an overly technical background should not be required.
+- **Documented**: Tools should have clear and extensive documentation for use.
+
+## Developer Self-Submissions
+
+We have these requirements in regard to developers which wish to submit their project or software for consideration.
+
+- Must disclose affiliation, i.e. your position within the project being submitted.
+
+- Must have a security whitepaper if it is a project that involves handling of sensitive information like a messenger, password manager, encrypted cloud storage etc.
+    - Third party audit status. We want to know if you have one, or have one planned. If possible please mention who will be conducting the audit.
+
+- Must explain what the project brings to the table in regard to privacy.
+    - Does it solve any new problem?
+    - Why should anyone use it over the alternatives?
+
+- Must state what the exact threat model is with their project.
+    - It should be clear to potential users what the project can provide, and what it cannot.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/donate.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/donate.md
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: قم بدعمنا
+---
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD036 -->
+It takes a lot of [people](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/graphs/contributors) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, consider getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
+
+If you want to support us financially, the most convenient method for us is contributing via Open Collective, a website operated by our fiscal host. Open Collective accepts payments via credit/debit card, PayPal, and bank transfers.
+
+[Donate on OpenCollective.com](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/donate ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
+
+Donations made directly to us on Open Collective are generally tax-deductible in the US, because our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3 organization. You will receive a receipt from the Open Collective Foundation after donating. Privacy Guides does not provide financial advice, and you should contact your tax advisor to find out whether this is applicable to you.
+
+If you already make use of GitHub sponsorships, you can also sponsor our organization there.
+
+[Sponsor us on GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides ""){.md-button}
+
+## Backers
+
+A special thanks to all those who support our mission! :heart:
+
+*Please note: This section loads a widget directly from Open Collective. This section does not reflect donations made outside of Open Collective, and we have no control over the specific donors featured in this section.*
+
+<script src="https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/banner.js"></script>
+
+## How We Use Donations
+
+Privacy Guides is a **non-profit** organization. We use donations for a variety of purposes, including:
+
+**Domain Registrations**
+:
+
+We have a few domain names like `privacyguides.org` which cost us around $10 yearly to maintain their registration.
+
+**Web Hosting**
+:
+
+Traffic to this website uses hundreds of gigabytes of data per month, we use a variety of service providers to keep up with this traffic.
+
+**Online Services**
+:
+
+We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasing different privacy-products we like and [recommend](../tools.md). Some of which are made publicly available for our community's use (SearXNG, Tor, etc.), and some are provided for our team members (email, etc.).
+
+**Product Purchases**
+:
+
+We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
+
+We are still working with our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) to receive cryptocurrency donations, at the moment the accounting is unfeasible for many smaller transactions, but this should change in the future. In the meantime, if you wish to make a sizable (> $100) cryptocurrency donation, please reach out to [jonah@privacyguides.org](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org).
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/index.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/index.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: "About Privacy Guides"

 **Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors.

-[:material-hand-coin-outline: Support the project](donate.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+[:material-hand-coin-outline: Support the project](donate.md ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}

 ## Our Team

@ -59,3 +59,5 @@ Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrativ
 :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.

 This license is in place to prevent people from sharing our work without giving proper credit, and to prevent people from modifying our work in a way that could be used to mislead people. If you find the terms of this license too restrictive for the project you're working on, please reach out to us at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. We are happy to provide alternative licensing options for well-intentioned projects in the privacy space!
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/notices.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/notices.md
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Notices and Disclaimers"
+hide:
+  - toc
+---
+
+## Legal Disclaimer
+
+Privacy Guides is not a law firm. As such, the Privacy Guides website and contributors are not providing legal advice. The material and recommendations in our website and guides do not constitute legal advice nor does contributing to the website or communicating with Privacy Guides or other contributors about our website create an attorney-client relationship.
+
+Running this website, like any human endeavor, involves uncertainty and trade-offs. We hope this website helps, but it may include mistakes and can’t address every situation. If you have any questions about your situation, we encourage you to do your own research, seek out other experts, and engage in discussions with the Privacy Guides community. If you have any legal questions, you should consult with your own legal counsel before moving forward.
+
+Privacy Guides is an open source project contributed to under licenses that include terms that, for the protection of the website and its contributors, make clear that the Privacy Guides project and website is offered "as-is", without warranty, and disclaiming liability for damages resulting from using the website or any recommendations contained within. Privacy Guides does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on the website or otherwise relating to such materials on the website or on any third-party sites linked on this site.
+
+Privacy Guides additionally does not warrant that this website will be constantly available, or available at all.
+
+## Licenses
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all content on this website is made available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE).
+
+This does not include third-party code embedded in this repository, or code where a superseding license is otherwise noted. The following are notable examples, but this list may not be all-inclusive:
+
+* [MathJax](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/mathjax.js) is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/LICENSE.mathjax.txt).
+
+Portions of this notice itself were adopted from [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) on GitHub. That resource and this page itself are released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/LICENSE).
+
+This means that you can use the human-readable content in this repository for your own project, per the terms outlined in the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License text. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Privacy Guides endorses you or your use. You **may not** use the Privacy Guides branding in your own project without express approval from this project. Privacy Guides's brand trademarks include the "Privacy Guides" wordmark and shield logo.
+
+We believe that the logos and other images in `assets` obtained from third-party providers are either in the public domain or **fair use**. In a nutshell, legal [fair use doctrine](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html) allows the use of copyrighted images in order to identify the subject matter for purposes of public comment. However, these logos and other images may still be subject to trademark laws in one or more jurisdictions. Before using this content, please ensure that it is used to identify the entity or organization that owns the trademark and that you have the right to use it under the laws which apply in the circumstances of your intended use. *When copying content from this website, you are solely responsible for ensuring that you do not infringe someone else's trademark or copyright.*
+
+When you contribute to this repository you are doing so under the above licenses, and you are granting Privacy Guides a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license with the right to sublicense such rights through multiple tiers of sublicensees, to reproduce, modify, display, perform and distribute your contribution as part of our project.
+
+## Acceptable Use
+
+You may not use this website in any way that causes or may cause damage to the website or impairment of the availability or accessibility of Privacy Guides, or in any way which is unlawful, illegal, fraudulent, harmful, or in connection with any unlawful, illegal, fraudulent, or harmful purpose or activity.
+
+You must not conduct any systematic or automated data collection activities on or in relation to this website without express written consent, including:
+
+* Excessive Automated Scans
+* Denial of Service Attacks
+* Scraping
+* Data Mining
+* 'Framing' (IFrames)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/privacy-policy.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/privacy-policy.md
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "Privacy Policy"
+---
+
+Privacy Guides is a community project operated by a number of active volunteer contributors. The public list of team members [can be found on GitHub](https://github.com/orgs/privacyguides/people).
+
+## Data We Collect From Visitors
+
+The privacy of our website visitors is important to us, so we do not track any individual people. As a visitor to our website:
+
+- No personal information is collected
+- No information such as cookies are stored in the browser
+- No information is shared with, sent to or sold to third-parties
+- No information is shared with advertising companies
+- No information is mined and harvested for personal and behavioral trends
+- No information is monetized
+
+You can view the data we collect on our [statistics](statistics.md) page.
+
+We run a self-hosted installation of [Plausible Analytics](https://plausible.io) to collect some anonymous usage data for statistical purposes. The goal is to track overall trends in our website traffic, it is not to track individual visitors. All the data is in aggregate only. No personal data is collected.
+
+Data collected includes referral sources, top pages, visit duration, information from the devices (device type, operating system, country and browser) used during the visit and more. You can learn more about how Plausible works and collects information in a privacy-respecting manner [here](https://plausible.io/data-policy).
+
+## Data We Collect From Account Holders
+
+On some websites and services we provide, many features may require an account. For example, an account may be required to post and reply to topics on a forum platform.
+
+To sign up for most accounts, we will collect a name, username, email, and password. In the event a website requires more information than just that data, that will be clearly marked and noted in a separate privacy statement per-site.
+
+We use your account data to identify you on the website and to create pages specific to you, such as your profile page. We will also use your account data to publish a public profile for you on our services.
+
+We use your email to:
+
+- Notify you about posts and other activity on the websites or services.
+- Reset your password and help keep your account secure.
+- Contact you in special circumstances related to your account.
+- Contact you about legal requests, such as DMCA takedown requests.
+
+On some websites and services you may provide additional information for your account, such as a short biography, avatar, your location, or your birthday. We make that information available to everyone who can access the website or service in question. This information is not required to use any of our services and can be erased at any time.
+
+We will store your account data as long as your account remains open. After closing an account, we may retain some or all of your account data in the form of backups or archives for up to 90 days.
+
+## Contacting Us
+
+The Privacy Guides team generally does not have access to personal data outside of limited access granted via some moderation panels. Inquiries regarding your personal information should be sent directly to:
+
+```text
+Jonah Aragon
+Services Administrator
+jonah@privacyguides.org
+```
+
+For all other inquiries, you can contact any member of our team.
+
+For complaints under GDPR more generally, you may lodge complaints with your local data protection supervisory authorities. In France it's the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés which take care and handle the complaints. They provide a [template of complaint letter](https://www.cnil.fr/en/plaintes) to use.
+
+## About This Policy
+
+We will post any new versions of this statement [here](privacy-policy.md). We may change how we announce changes in future versions of this document. In the meantime we may update our contact information at any time without announcing a change. Please refer to the [Privacy Policy](privacy-policy.md) for the latest contact information at any time.
+
+A full revision [history](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/commits/main/docs/about/privacy-policy.md) of this page can be found on GitHub.
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/privacytools.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/privacytools.md
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
+---
+
+# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
+
+In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
+
+Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
+
+After the organizational move was completed, the founder of PrivacyTools returned and began to spread misinformation about the Privacy Guides project. They continue to spread misinformation in addition to operating a paid link farm on the PrivacyTools domain. We are creating this page to clear up any misconceptions.
+
+## What is PrivacyTools?
+
+PrivacyTools was created in 2015 by "BurungHantu," who wanted to make a privacy information resource - helpful tools following the Snowden revelations. The site grew into a flourishing open-source project with [many contributors](https://github.com/privacytools/privacytools.io/graphs/contributors), some eventually given various organizational responsibilities, such as operating online services like Matrix and Mastodon, managing and reviewing changes to the site on GitHub, finding sponsors for the project, writing blog posts and operating social media outreach platforms like Twitter, etc.
+
+Beginning in 2019, BurungHantu grew more and more distant from the active development of the website and communities, and began delaying payments he was responsible for related to the servers we operated. To avoid having our system administrator pay server costs out of their own pocket, we changed the donation methods listed on the site from BurungHantu's personal PayPal and crypto accounts to a new OpenCollective page on [October 31, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184557/https://blog.privacytools.io/privacytools-io-joins-the-open-collective-foundation/). This had the added benefits of making our finances completely transparent, a value we strongly believe in, and tax-deductible in the United States, because they were being held by the Open Collective Foundation 501(c)3. This change was unanimously agreed upon by the team and went uncontested.
+
+## Why We Moved On
+
+In 2020, BurungHantu's absence grew much more noticeable. At one point, we required the domain's nameservers to be changed to nameservers controlled by our system administrator to avoid future disruption, and this change was not completed for over a month after the initial request. He would disappear from the public chat and private team chat rooms on Matrix for months at a time, occasionally popping in to give some small feedback or promise to be more active before disappearing once again.
+
+In October 2020, the PrivacyTools system administrator (Jonah) [left](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190742/https://blog.privacytools.io/blacklight447-taking-over/) the project because of these difficulties, handing control to another long-time contributor. Jonah had been operating nearly every PrivacyTools service and acting as the *de facto* project lead for website development in BurungHantu's absence, thus his departure was a significant change to the organization. At the time, because of these significant organizational changes, BurungHantu promised the remaining team he would return to take control of the project going forward. ==The PrivacyTools team reached out via several communication methods over the following months, but did not receive any response.==
+
+## Domain Name Reliance
+
+At the beginning of 2021, the PrivacyTools team grew worried about the future of the project, because the domain name was set to expire on 1st March 2021. The domain was ultimately renewed by BurungHantu with no comment.
+
+The team’s concerns were not addressed, and we realized this would be a problem every year: If the domain expired it would have allowed it to be stolen by squatters or spammers, thus ruining the organization's reputation. We also would have had trouble reaching the community to inform them of what took place.
+
+Without being in any contact with BurungHantu, we decided the best course of action would be to move to a new domain name while we still had guaranteed control over the old domain name, sometime before March 2022. This way, we would be able to cleanly redirect all PrivacyTools resources to the new site without any interruption in service. This decision was made many months in advance and communicated to the entire team in the hopes that BurungHantu would reach out and assure his continued support for the project, because with a recognizable brand name and large communities online, moving away from "PrivacyTools" was the least desirable possible outcome.
+
+In mid-2021 the PrivacyTools team reached out to Jonah, who agreed to rejoin the team to help with the transition.
+
+## Community Call to Action
+
+At the end of July 2021, we [informed](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/) the PrivacyTools community of our intention to choose a new name and continue the project on a new domain, to be [chosen](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729190935/https://aragon.cloud/apps/forms/cMPxG9KyopapBbcw) on 2nd August 2022. In the end, "Privacy Guides" was selected, with the `privacyguides.org` domain already owned by Jonah for a side-project from 2020 that went undeveloped.
+
+## Control of r/privacytoolsIO
+
+Simultaneously with the ongoing website issues at privacytools.io, the r/privacytoolsIO moderation team was facing challenges with managing the subreddit. The subreddit had always been operated mostly independently of the website's development, but BurungHantu was the primary moderator of the subreddit as well, and he was the only moderator granted "Full Control" privileges. u/trai_dep was the only active moderator at the time, and [posted](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/) a request to Reddit's administrators on June 28, 2021, asking to be granted the primary moderator position and full control privileges, in order to make necessary changes to the Subreddit.
+
+Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator is inactive for a lengthy period of time (such as a year) the primary moderation position can be re-appointed to the next moderator in line. For this request to have been granted, BurungHantu had to have been completely absent from all Reddit activity for a long period of time, which was consistent with his behaviors on other platforms.
+
+> If you were removed as moderator from a subreddit through Reddit request it is because your lack of response and lack of activity qualified the subreddit for an r/redditrequest transfer.
+> 
+> r/redditrequest is Reddit's way of making sure communities have active moderators and is part of the [Moderator Code of Conduct](https://www.redditinc.com/policies/moderator-code-of-conduct).
+
+## Beginning the Transition
+
+On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://www.privacyguides.org/blog/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides/) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
+
+> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
+
+This change [entailed:](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pnhn4a/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
+
+- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
+- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
+- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
+- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
+
+Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the switch to our new project exactly as we hoped.
+
+## Following Events
+
+Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
+
+At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
+
+Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
+
+Following this, BurungHantu made false accusations about Jonah stealing donations from the project. BurungHantu had over a year since the alleged incident occurred, and yet he never made anyone aware of it until after the Privacy Guides migration. BurungHantu has been repeatedly asked for proof and to comment on the reason for his silence by the team [and the community](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153536962281474), and has not done so.
+
+BurungHantu also made a [twitter post](https://twitter.com/privacytoolsIO/status/1510560676967710728) alleging that an "attorney" had reached out to him on Twitter and was providing advice, in another attempt to bully us into giving him control of our subreddit, and as part of his smear campaign to muddy the waters surrounding the launch of Privacy Guides while pretending to be a victim.
+
+## PrivacyTools.io Now
+
+As of September 25th 2022 we are seeing BurungHantu's overall plans come to fruition on privacytools.io, and this is the very reason we decided to create this explainer page today. The website he is operating appears to be a heavily SEO-optimized version of the site which recommends tools in exchange for financial compensation. Very recently, IVPN and Mullvad, two VPN providers near-universally [recommended](../vpn.md) by the privacy community and notable for their stance against affiliate programs were removed from PrivacyTools. In their place? NordVPN, Surfshark, ExpressVPN, and hide.me; Giant VPN corporations with untrustworthy platforms and business practices, notorious for their aggressive marketing and affiliate programs.
+
+==**PrivacyTools has become exactly the type of site we [warned against](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205249/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-reviews/) on the PrivacyTools blog in 2019.**== We've tried to keep our distance from PrivacyTools since the transition, but their continued harassment towards our project and now their absurd abuse of the credibility their brand gained over 6 years of open source contributions is extremely troubling to us. Those of us actually fighting for privacy are not fighting against each other, and are not getting our advice from the highest bidder.
+
+## r/privacytoolsIO Now
+
+After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it was impractical for u/trai_dep to continue moderating both subreddits, and with the community on-board with the transition, r/privacytoolsIO was [made](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/qk7qrj/a_new_era_why_rptio_is_now_a_restricted_sub/) a restricted sub in a post on November 1st, 2021:
+
+> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
+> 
+> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
+
+Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
+
+In the months since, BurungHantu has threatened and begged for returning subreddit control to his account in [violation](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/wiki/top_mod_removal/) of Reddit rules:
+
+> Retaliation from any moderator with regards to removal requests is disallowed.
+
+For a community with many thousands of remaining subscribers, we feel that it would be incredibly disrespectful to return control of that massive platform to the person who abandoned it for over a year, and who now operates a website that we feel provides very low-quality information. Preserving the years of past discussions in that community is more important to us, and thus u/trai_dep and the rest of the subreddit moderation team has made the decision to keep r/privacytoolsIO as-is.
+
+## OpenCollective Now
+
+Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our position is that OpenCollective was put in place by our team and managed by our team to fund services we currently operate and which PrivacyTools no longer does. We [reached out](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/updates/transitioning-to-privacy-guides) to all of our donors regarding our move to Privacy Guides, and we were unanimously supported by our sponsors and community.
+
+Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
+
+> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net.
+
+## Further Reading
+
+This topic has been discussed extensively within our communities in various locations, and it seems likely that most people reading this page will already be familiar with the events leading up to the move to Privacy Guides. Some of our previous posts on the matter may have extra detail we omitted here for brevity. They have been linked below for the sake of completion.
+
+- [June 28, 2021 request for control of r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/redditrequest/comments/o9tllh/requesting_rprivacytoolsio_im_only_active_mod_top/)
+- [July 27, 2021 announcement of our intentions to move on the PrivacyTools blog, written by the team](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184422/https://blog.privacytools.io/the-future-of-privacytools/)
+- [Sept 13, 2021 announcement of the beginning of our transition to Privacy Guides on r/privacytoolsIO](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacytoolsIO/comments/pnql46/rprivacyguides_privacyguidesorg_what_you_need_to/)
+- [Sept 17, 2021 announcement on OpenCollective from Jonah](https://opencollective.com/privacyguides/updates/transitioning-to-privacy-guides)
+- [Sept 30, 2021 Twitter thread detailing most of the events now described on this page](https://twitter.com/privacy_guides/status/1443633412800225280)
+- [Oct 1, 2021 post by u/dng99 noting subdomain failure](https://www.reddit.com/r/PrivacyGuides/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps/)
+- [Apr 2, 2022 response by u/dng99 to PrivacyTools' accusatory blog post](https://www.reddit.com/comments/tuo7mm/comment/i35kw5a/)
+- [May 16, 2022 response by @TommyTran732 on Twitter](https://twitter.com/TommyTran732/status/1526153497984618496)
+- [Sep 3, 2022 post on Techlore's forum by @dngray](https://discuss.techlore.tech/t/has-anyone-seen-this-video-wondering-your-thoughts/792/20)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/i18n/ar/about/services.md
+++ b/i18n/ar/about/services.md
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Privacy Guides Services
+
+We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentralized, federated, and/or open-source projects. Many of these services are available to the public and are detailed below.
+
+[:material-comment-alert: Report an issue](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/c/services/2 ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
+
+## Discourse
+
+- Domain: [discuss.privacyguides.net](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Public
+- Source: [github.com/discourse/discourse](https://github.com/discourse/discourse)
+
+## Gitea
+
+- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
+- Availability: Invite-Only  
+  Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
+- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
+
+## Matrix
+
+- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
+- Availability: Invite-Only  
+  Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
+- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
+
+## SearXNG
+
+- Domain: [search.privacyguides.net](https://search.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Public
+- Source: [github.com/searxng/searxng-docker](https://github.com/searxng/searxng-docker)
+
+## Invidious
+
+- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
+- Availability: Semi-Public  
+  We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
+- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)
+
+--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ar.txt"
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Daniel Gray	7458821bc1	Add revolut	2023-03-09 16:03:56 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	ac8c5a30d1	Add private payment methods overview (#1068 )	2023-03-09 15:13:09 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	45bfe22c61	Fix theme switcher (#2077 ) Signed-off-by: Daniel Gray <dngray@privacyguides.org>	2023-03-08 14:27:20 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	65db9d3fee	Revert some changes from `cc69609` (#2073 )	2023-03-06 13:49:03 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	f3f092d1a3	Add breadcrumb metadata (#2072 )	2023-03-05 14:52:02 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	35c95c029c	Improve our About page (#2071 )	2023-03-03 12:18:38 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	7fb07925ec	SEO fixes (#2070 )	2023-03-03 09:27:46 -06:00
Daniel Gray	dc4199d7c4	Expand Permissions on Android (#2030 )	2023-03-03 19:15:48 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	fda35b5f70	Use logo for social card (#2069 )	2023-03-02 14:24:16 -06:00
Crowdin Bot	9e16a63caa	New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action (#2065 )	2023-03-03 04:05:27 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	47377df8da	Fix external resource errors (#2066 )	2023-03-02 11:01:48 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	28c576110c	Enable social card generation (#2068 )	2023-03-01 21:28:32 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	d63dc04aff	Enable asset optimization (#2061 )	2023-03-01 13:05:14 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	e336699480	Use flag for language selector icon (#2062 )	2023-03-01 13:04:52 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	aaec10b83e	Remove mkdocs.en.yml from Crowdin (#2064 )	2023-03-01 12:54:19 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	9cbebf239b	Fix #1930 (#2060 )	2023-03-01 08:59:44 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	97350b6245	GitHub Pages fix	2023-03-01 07:56:07 -06:00
Privacy Guides [bot]	f0621e257b	New Crowdin Translations (#2058 ) Co-authored-by: Crowdin Bot <support+bot@crowdin.com>	2023-03-01 07:16:04 +01:00
Crowdin Bot	1ac4dd75c7	Download Translations from Crowdin (#2054 )	2023-02-28 21:12:51 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	4c8cd3f295	Stop using i18n plugin (#2054 )	2023-02-28 20:11:33 -06:00
samsepi0l	bfaba1cd11	Add biometrics note (#2055 ) Signed-off-by: Daniel Gray <dngray@privacyguides.org>	2023-03-01 12:38:44 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	66efe4a27f	Adjust mobile width issues (#2051 )	2023-02-28 08:43:33 -06:00
Daniel Gray	657e977074	F-Droid consistency (#2052 )	2023-02-28 20:56:30 +10:30
Jonah Aragon	f516235dd4	Handle standard language codes properly (#2050 )	2023-02-27 21:52:36 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	cc696093ce	Add abbreviations to Crowdin (#2049 )	2023-02-27 18:56:23 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	4da25bc39a	Skip untranslated files	2023-02-27 17:01:31 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	6245ed8581	Update dependencies (#2048 )	2023-02-27 16:27:01 -06:00
Jonah Aragon	d9b9092ac3	Disable translation uploads	2023-02-27 14:14:51 -06:00