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jonaharago
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2024.05.31
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@@ -4,19 +4,20 @@ title: Supporting Us
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD036 -->
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It takes a lot of [people](contributors.md) and [work](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/pulse/monthly) to keep Privacy Guides up to date and spreading the word about privacy and mass surveillance. If you like what we do, consider getting involved by [editing the site](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org) or [contributing translations](https://crowdin.com/project/privacyguides).
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<div class="admonition failure" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Donation Information</p>
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## Donate
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Unfortunately, Open Collective Foundation (our long-time fiscal host) announced they are dissolving their operations and can no longer support us or any project they host. Thus, we have no way to accept donations at this time. We are looking into ways to move forward from a legal perspective, but in the meantime any non-monetary contribution you can provide would be greatly appreciated.
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Currently, the best way to support our work is to send a monthly or one-time contribution via GitHub Sponsors. We will be able to accept donations via alternate payment platforms very soon.
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</div>
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[:material-heart:{ .pg-red } Sponsor us on GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/privacyguides){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
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We are also working with our fiscal host to receive cryptocurrency donations, at the moment the accounting is unfeasible for many smaller transactions, but this should change in the near future. In the meantime, if you still wish to make a cryptocurrency donation, please reach out to [jonah@privacyguides.org](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org) to arrange a transaction.
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## Merchandise
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Another option to support us is by buying our merchandise from HelloTux. We get a small commission for each item sold, and you get a quality product to show for it.
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[Buy on HelloTux.com](https://hellotux.com/privacyguides){ class="md-button" }
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Thank you to all those who support our mission! :heart:
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## How We Use Donations
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Privacy Guides is a **non-profit** organization. We use donations for a variety of purposes, including:
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@@ -37,4 +38,6 @@ Privacy Guides is a **non-profit** organization. We use donations for a variety
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: We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
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We are still working with our fiscal host (the Open Collective Foundation) to receive cryptocurrency donations, at the moment the accounting is unfeasible for many smaller transactions, but this should change in the future. In the meantime, if you wish to make a sizable (> $100) cryptocurrency donation, please reach out to [jonah@privacyguides.org](mailto:jonah@privacyguides.org).
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Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
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Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }
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|
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Unlike [WebAuthn](#fido-fast-identity-online), TOTP offers no protection against
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An adversary could set up a website to imitate an official service in an attempt to trick you into giving out your username, password and current TOTP code. If the adversary then uses those recorded credentials they may be able to log into the real service and hijack the account.
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Although not perfect, TOTP is secure enough for most people, and when [hardware security keys](../security-keys.md) are not supported [authenticator apps](../multi-factor-authentication.md) are still a good option.
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Although not perfect, TOTP is secure enough for most people, and when [hardware security keys](../multi-factor-authentication.md#hardware-security-keys) are not supported [authenticator apps](../multi-factor-authentication.md#authenticator-apps) are still a good option.
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### Hardware security keys
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@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose o
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager</p>
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When using TOTP codes as [multi-factor authentication](../multi-factor-authentication.md), the best security practice is to keep your TOTP codes in a [separate app](../multi-factor-authentication.md).
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When using TOTP codes as [multi-factor authentication](../multi-factor-authentication.md), the best security practice is to keep your TOTP codes in a [separate app](../multi-factor-authentication.md#authenticator-apps).
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Storing your TOTP tokens in the same place as your passwords, while convenient, reduces the accounts to a single factor in the event that an adversary gains access to your password manager.
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@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack
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#### Brave Rewards and Wallet
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**Brave Rewards** lets you recieve Basic Attention Token (BAT) cryptocurrency for performing certain actions within Brave. It relies on a custodial account and KYC from a select number of providers. We do not recommend BAT as a [private cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), nor do we recommend using a [custodial wallet](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), so we would discourage using this feature.
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**Brave Rewards** lets you recieve Basic Attention Token (BAT) cryptocurrency for performing certain actions within Brave. It relies on a custodial account and KYC from a select number of providers. We do not recommend BAT as a [private cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), nor do we recommend using a [custodial wallet](advanced/payments.md#wallet-custody), so we would discourage using this feature.
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**Brave Wallet** operates locally on your computer, but does not support any private cryptocurrencies, so we would discourage using this feature as well.
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@@ -1,22 +1,109 @@
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---
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title: "Multi-Factor Authentication"
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title: "Multi-Factor Authenticators"
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icon: 'material/two-factor-authentication'
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description: These tools assist you with securing your internet accounts with Multi-Factor Authentication without sending your secrets to a third-party.
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cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
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---
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## Hardware Security Keys
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<div class="admonition note" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Hardware Keys</p>
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### YubiKey
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[Hardware security key recommendations](security-keys.md) have been moved to their own category here.
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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The **YubiKeys** are among the most popular security keys. Some YubiKey models have a wide range of features such as: [Universal 2nd Factor (U2F)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor), [FIDO2 and WebAuthn](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online), [Yubico OTP](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#yubico-otp), [Personal Identity Verification (PIV)](https://developers.yubico.com/PIV), [OpenPGP](https://developers.yubico.com/PGP), [TOTP and HOTP](https://developers.yubico.com/OATH) authentication.
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|
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One of the benefits of the YubiKey is that one key can do almost everything (YubiKey 5), you could expect from a hardware security key. We do encourage you to take the [quiz](https://yubico.com/quiz) before purchasing in order to make sure you make the right choice.
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|
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://yubico.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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|
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</details>
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</div>
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||||
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**Multi-Factor Authentication Apps** implement a security standard adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) called **Time-based One-time Passwords**, or **TOTP**. This is a method where websites share a secret with you which is used by your authenticator app to generate a six (usually) digit code based on the current time, which you enter while logging in for the website to check. Typically these codes are regenerated every 30 seconds, and once a new code is generated the old one becomes useless. Even if a hacker gets one six-digit code, there is no way for them to reverse that code to get the original secret or otherwise be able to predict what any future codes might be.
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||||
The [comparison table](https://yubico.com/store/compare) shows the features and how the YubiKeys compare. We highly recommend that you select keys from the YubiKey 5 Series.
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|
||||
YubiKeys can be programmed using the [YubiKey Manager](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-manager) or [YubiKey Personalization Tools](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-personalization-tools). For managing TOTP codes, you can use the [Yubico Authenticator](https://yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator). All of Yubico's clients are open source.
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For models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 2 slots in the OTP interface which could be used for HOTP and 32 slots to store TOTP secrets. These secrets are stored encrypted on the key and never expose them to the devices they are plugged into. Once a seed (shared secret) is given to the Yubico Authenticator, it will only give out the six-digit codes, but never the seed. This security model helps limit what an attacker can do if they compromise one of the devices running the Yubico Authenticator and make the YubiKey resistant to a physical attacker.
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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The firmware of YubiKey is not open source and is not updatable. If you want features in newer firmware versions, or if there is a vulnerability in the firmware version you are using, you would need to purchase a new key.
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||||
|
||||
</div>
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||||
|
||||
### Nitrokey
|
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|
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
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{ align=right }
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|
||||
**Nitrokey** has a security key capable of [FIDO2 and WebAuthn](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online) called the **Nitrokey FIDO2**. For PGP support, you need to purchase one of their other keys such as the **Nitrokey Start**, **Nitrokey Pro 2** or the **Nitrokey Storage 2**.
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|
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nitrokey.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nitrokey.com/data-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.nitrokey.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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||||
|
||||
</details>
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||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
The [comparison table](https://nitrokey.com/#comparison) shows the features and how the Nitrokey models compare. The **Nitrokey 3** listed will have a combined feature set.
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Nitrokey models can be configured using the [Nitrokey app](https://nitrokey.com/download).
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For the models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 3 slots for HOTP and 15 for TOTP. Some Nitrokeys can act as a password manager. They can store 16 different credentials and encrypt them using the same password as the OpenPGP interface.
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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||||
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While Nitrokeys do not release the HOTP/TOTP secrets to the device they are plugged into, the HOTP and TOTP storage is **not** encrypted and is vulnerable to physical attacks. If you are looking to store HOTP or TOTP secrets, we highly recommend that you use a YubiKey instead.
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||||
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</div>
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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Resetting the OpenPGP interface on a Nitrokey will also make the password database [inaccessible](https://docs.nitrokey.com/pro/linux/factory-reset).
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||||
</div>
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||||
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||||
The Nitrokey Pro 2, Nitrokey Storage 2, and the upcoming Nitrokey 3 supports system integrity verification for laptops with the [Coreboot](https://coreboot.org) + [Heads](https://osresearch.net) firmware.
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||||
|
||||
Nitrokey's firmware is open source, unlike the YubiKey. The firmware on modern NitroKey models (except the **NitroKey Pro 2**) is updatable.
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|
||||
### Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Minimum Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
- Must use high quality, tamper resistant hardware security modules.
|
||||
- Must support the latest FIDO2 specification.
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||||
- Must not allow private key extraction.
|
||||
- Devices which cost over $35 must support handling OpenPGP and S/MIME.
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||||
|
||||
#### Best-Case
|
||||
|
||||
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
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||||
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||||
- Should be available in USB-C form-factor.
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||||
- Should be available with NFC.
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||||
- Should support TOTP secret storage.
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- Should support secure firmware updates.
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||||
|
||||
## Authenticator Apps
|
||||
|
||||
Authenticator Apps implement a security standard adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) called **Time-based One-time Passwords**, or **TOTP**. This is a method where websites share a secret with you which is used by your authenticator app to generate a six (usually) digit code based on the current time, which you enter while logging in for the website to check. Typically these codes are regenerated every 30 seconds, and once a new code is generated the old one becomes useless. Even if a hacker gets one six-digit code, there is no way for them to reverse that code to get the original secret or otherwise be able to predict what any future codes might be.
|
||||
|
||||
We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternatives as Android and iOS have better security and app isolation than most desktop operating systems.
|
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|
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## Ente Auth
|
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### Ente Auth
|
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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@@ -40,7 +127,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
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|
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</div>
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## Aegis Authenticator (Android)
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### Aegis Authenticator (Android)
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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@@ -65,7 +152,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
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</div>
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<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
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## Criteria
|
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### Criteria
|
||||
|
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**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
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|
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|
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: Linux Overview
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icon: simple/linux
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description: Linux is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative, but not all distribitions are created equal.
|
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---
|
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**Linux** is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative. In the face of pervasive telemetry and other privacy-encroaching technologies in mainstream operating systems, Linux desktop has remained the clear choice for people looking for total control over their computers from the ground up.
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**Linux** is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative. In the face of pervasive telemetry and other privacy-encroaching technologies in mainstream operating systems, desktop Linux has remained the clear choice for people looking for total control over their computers from the ground up.
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|
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Our website generally uses the term “Linux” to describe **desktop** Linux distributions. Other operating systems which also use the Linux kernel such as ChromeOS, Android, and Qubes OS are not discussed on this page.
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ There are some notable privacy concerns with Linux which you should be aware of.
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|
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- Avoid telemetry that often comes with proprietary operating systems
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- Maintain [software freedom](https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms)
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- Use privacy focused systems such as [Whonix](https://whonix.org) or [Tails](https://tails.net)
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- Use privacy-focused systems such as [Whonix](../desktop.md#whonix) or [Tails](../desktop.md#tails)
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|
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### Open-Source Security
|
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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Not all Linux distributions are created equal. Our [Linux recommendation page](.
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|
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We highly recommend that you choose distributions which stay close to the stable upstream software releases, often referred to as rolling release distributions. This is because frozen release cycle distributions often don’t update package versions and fall behind on security updates.
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|
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For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE ID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.
|
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For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE ID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result, minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.
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|
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We don’t believe holding packages back and applying interim patches is a good idea, as it diverges from the way the developer might have intended the software to work. [Richard Brown](https://rootco.de/aboutme) has a presentation about this:
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@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ If you require suspend-to-disk (hibernation) functionality, you will still need
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|
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We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol, as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147). Its predecessor ([X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System)) does not support GUI isolation, which allows any window to [record, log, and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences, and are neither convenient to set up nor preferable over Wayland.
|
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|
||||
Fortunately, [wayland compositors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)#Wayland_compositors) such as those included with [GNOME](https://gnome.org) and [KDE Plasma](https://kde.org) now have good support for Wayland along with some other compositors that use [wlroots](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wlroots/wlroots/-/wikis/Projects-which-use-wlroots), (e.g. [Sway](https://swaywm.org)). Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://phoronix.com/news/X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).
|
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Fortunately, [Wayland compositors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)#Wayland_compositors) such as those included with [GNOME](https://gnome.org) and [KDE Plasma](https://kde.org) now have good support for Wayland along with some other compositors that use [wlroots](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wlroots/wlroots/-/wikis/Projects-which-use-wlroots), (e.g. [Sway](https://swaywm.org)). Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://phoronix.com/news/X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend **against** using desktop environments or window managers that do not have Wayland support, such as Cinnamon (default on Linux Mint), Pantheon (default on Elementary OS), MATE, Xfce, and i3.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Most Linux distributions will automatically install updates or remind you to do
|
||||
|
||||
Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more bare bones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automatically. For that you will need to install [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd).
|
||||
Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automatically. For that, you will need to install [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd).
|
||||
|
||||
## Privacy Tweaks
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ There are other system identifiers which you may wish to be careful about. You s
|
||||
|
||||
- **Hostnames:** Your system's hostname is shared with the networks you connect to. You should avoid including identifying terms like your name or operating system in your hostname, instead sticking to generic terms or random strings.
|
||||
- **Usernames:** Similarly, your username is used in a variety of ways across your system. Consider using generic terms like "user" rather than your actual name.
|
||||
- **Machine ID:**: During installation a unique machine ID is generated and stored on your device. Consider [setting it to a generic ID](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/guides/linux-hardening.html#machine-id).
|
||||
- **Machine ID:** During installation, a unique machine ID is generated and stored on your device. Consider [setting it to a generic ID](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/guides/linux-hardening.html#machine-id).
|
||||
|
||||
### System Counting
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -152,4 +152,4 @@ The Fedora Project [counts](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Co
|
||||
|
||||
This [option](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) is currently off by default. We recommend adding `countme=false` to `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` just in case it is enabled in the future. On systems that use `rpm-ostree` such as Silverblue, the countme option is disabled by masking the [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems) timer.
|
||||
|
||||
openSUSE also uses a [unique ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) to count systems, which can be disabled by deleting the `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` file.
|
||||
openSUSE also uses a [unique ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) to count systems, which can be disabled by emptying the `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` file.
|
||||
|
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](tor.md) if your threat model requires hi
|
||||
|
||||
**Brave Search** is a search engine developed by Brave. The index is optimized against Google Search and therefore may provide more contextually accurate results compared to other alternatives.
|
||||
|
||||
Brave Search includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave.com/help/discussions), which highlights conversation-focused results—such as forum posts.
|
||||
Brave Search includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave.com/help/discussions), which highlights conversation-focused results such as forum posts.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://search.brave.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://search.brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
|
||||
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ Brave Search includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Note that if you use Brave Search while logged in to a Premium account, it may make it easier for Brave to correlate queries with specific users.
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend you disable [Anonymous usage metrics](https://search.brave.com/help/usage-metrics) as it is enabled by default and can be disabled within settings.
|
||||
|
||||
### DuckDuckGo
|
||||
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ When you are using a SearXNG instance, be sure to go read their privacy policy.
|
||||
### Minimum Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
- Must not collect PII per their privacy policy.
|
||||
- Must not allow users to create an account with them.
|
||||
- Must not require users to create an account with them.
|
||||
|
||||
### Best-Case
|
||||
|
||||
|
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "Security Keys"
|
||||
icon: 'material/key-chain'
|
||||
description: These tools assist you with securing your internet accounts with Multi-Factor Authentication without sending your secrets to a third-party.
|
||||
cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
|
||||
---
|
||||
A physical **security key** adds a very strong layer of protection to your online accounts. Compared to [authenticator apps](multi-factor-authentication.md), the FIDO2 security key protocol is immune to phishing, and cannot be compromised without physical possession of the key itself. Many services support FIDO2/WebAuthn as a multi-factor authentication option for securing your account, and some services allow you to use a security key as a strong single-factor authenticator with passwordless authentication.
|
||||
|
||||
## Yubico Security Key
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure markdown="span">
|
||||
{ width="315" }
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
The **Yubico Security Key** series is the most cost-effective hardware security key with FIDO Level 2 certification. It supports FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO U2F, and works out of the box with most services that support a security key as a second factor, as well as many password managers.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.yubico.com/products/security-key/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
These keys are available in both USB-C and USB-A variants, and both options support NFC for use with a mobile device as well.
|
||||
|
||||
This key provides only basic FIDO2 functionality, but for most people that is all you will need. Some notable features the Security Key series does **not** have include:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Yubico Authenticator](https://www.yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator/)
|
||||
- CCID Smart Card support (PIV-compatibile)
|
||||
- OpenPGP
|
||||
|
||||
If you need any of those features, you should consider their higher-end [YubiKey](#yubikey) of products instead.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
The firmware of Yubico's Security Keys is not updatable. If you want features in newer firmware versions, or if there is a vulnerability in the firmware version you are using, you would need to purchase a new key.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## YubiKey
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure markdown="span">
|
||||
{ width="400" }
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
The **YubiKey** series from Yubico are among the most popular security keys. The YubiKey 5 Series has a wide range of features such as: [Universal 2nd Factor (U2F)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor), [FIDO2 and WebAuthn](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online), [Yubico OTP](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#yubico-otp), [Personal Identity Verification (PIV)](https://developers.yubico.com/PIV), [OpenPGP](https://developers.yubico.com/PGP), [TOTP and HOTP](https://developers.yubico.com/OATH) authentication.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.yubico.com/products/yubikey-5-overview/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
The [comparison table](https://yubico.com/store/compare) shows the features and how the YubiKeys compare to each other and to Yubico's [Security Key](#yubico-security-key) series. One of the benefits of the YubiKey series is that one key can do almost everything you could expect from a hardware security key. We encourage you to take their [quiz](https://yubico.com/quiz) before purchasing in order to make sure you make the right choice.
|
||||
|
||||
The Yubikey 5 series has FIDO Level 1 certification, which is the most common. However, some governments or other organizations may require a key with Level 2 certification, in which case you'll have to purchase a [Yubikey 5 **FIPS** series](https://www.yubico.com/products/yubikey-fips/) key, or a [Yubico Security Key](#yubico-security-key). Most people do not have to worry about this distinction.
|
||||
|
||||
YubiKeys can be programmed using the [YubiKey Manager](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-manager) or [YubiKey Personalization Tools](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-personalization-tools). For managing TOTP codes, you can use the [Yubico Authenticator](https://yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator). All of Yubico's clients are open source.
|
||||
|
||||
For models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 2 slots in the OTP interface which could be used for HOTP and 32 slots to store TOTP secrets. These secrets are stored encrypted on the key and never expose them to the devices they are plugged into. Once a seed (shared secret) is given to the Yubico Authenticator, it will only give out the six-digit codes, but never the seed. This security model helps limit what an attacker can do if they compromise one of the devices running the Yubico Authenticator and make the YubiKey resistant to a physical attacker.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
The firmware of YubiKey is not updatable. If you want features in newer firmware versions, or if there is a vulnerability in the firmware version you are using, you would need to purchase a new key.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Minimum Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
- Must be a [FIDO Certified](https://fidoalliance.org/certification/fido-certified-products/) product
|
||||
- Must use high quality, tamper resistant hardware security modules.
|
||||
- Must support the latest FIDO2 specification.
|
||||
- Must not allow private key extraction.
|
||||
- Devices which cost over $35 must support handling OpenPGP and S/MIME.
|
||||
|
||||
### Best-Case
|
||||
|
||||
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
|
||||
|
||||
- Should be available in USB-C form-factor.
|
||||
- Should be available with NFC.
|
||||
- Should support TOTP secret storage.
|
||||
- Should support secure firmware updates.
|
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Ente Photos](photo-management.md#ente-photos)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Ente Photos](photo-management.md#ente)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Stingle](photo-management.md#stingle)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [PhotoPrism](photo-management.md#photoprism)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -334,10 +334,10 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
|
||||
|
||||
### Multi-Factor Authentication Tools
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** [Hardware security keys](#security-keys) have been moved to their own category.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [YubiKey](multi-factor-authentication.md#yubikey)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nitrokey](multi-factor-authentication.md#nitrokey)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Ente Auth](multi-factor-authentication.md#ente-auth)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Aegis Authenticator (Android)](multi-factor-authentication.md#aegis-authenticator-android)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -421,19 +421,6 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
|
||||
|
||||
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](real-time-communication.md)
|
||||
|
||||
## Hardware
|
||||
|
||||
### Security Keys
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Yubico Security Key](security-keys.md#yubico-security-key)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [YubiKey](security-keys.md#yubikey)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](security-keys.md)
|
||||
|
||||
## Operating Systems
|
||||
|
||||
### Mobile
|
||||
|
@@ -414,8 +414,6 @@ nav:
|
||||
- "passwords.md"
|
||||
- "productivity.md"
|
||||
- "real-time-communication.md"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_HARDWARE, "Hardware"]:
|
||||
- "security-keys.md"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_OPERATING_SYSTEMS, "Operating Systems"]:
|
||||
- "android.md"
|
||||
- "desktop.md"
|
||||
@@ -444,7 +442,12 @@ nav:
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_TECHNICAL_GUIDES, "Technical Guides"]:
|
||||
- "meta/uploading-images.md"
|
||||
- "meta/git-recommendations.md"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_DONATE, "Donate"]: "about/donate/"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_CHANGELOG, "Changelog"]:
|
||||
"https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/releases"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_FORUM, "Forum"]: "https://discuss.privacyguides.net/"
|
||||
- !ENV [NAV_BLOG, "Blog"]: "https://blog.privacyguides.org/"
|
||||
|
||||
validation:
|
||||
nav:
|
||||
not_found: info
|
||||
|
3
run.sh
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
|
||||
sources:
|
||||
exclude:
|
||||
- tools.md
|
||||
targets:
|
||||
exclude:
|
||||
- about/contributors.md
|
||||
EOT
|
||||
trap 'rm $PWD/.mkdocs-insiders-$random_num.yml' EXIT
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 124 140"><g fill="#D0013B" fill-rule="nonzero"><path d="m72.37 84.938-28.68 16.6a4.1 4.1 0 0 1-5.58-1.5l-15.34-26.57a4.09 4.09 0 0 1 1.5-5.53L53 51.338l19.37 33.6ZM57.48 54.188 72 79.368l28.75-16.61-14.51-25.17-28.76 16.6Zm14.36-3a1 1 0 0 1 .35-1.34l2.81-1.66a1 1 0 0 1 1.34.35l2.41 4.14a1 1 0 0 1-.36 1.34l-2.84 1.65a1 1 0 0 1-1.34-.35l-2.41-4.14.04.01Zm14.22 15.93-2.84 1.66a1 1 0 0 1-1.34-.35l-2.41-4.14a1 1 0 0 1 .35-1.34l2.85-1.65a1 1 0 0 1 1.34.35l2.4 4.13a1 1 0 0 1-.35 1.34Z"/><path d="M61.66 139.798c-1.528 0-3.041-.292-4.46-.86-37.79-15.12-53.52-50.44-56.29-57.37a12.392 12.392 0 0 1-.91-4.71v-43.49a12.4 12.4 0 0 1 7.5-11.43l49.5-21a12 12 0 0 1 9.3 0l49.51 21a12.361 12.361 0 0 1 7.52 11.48v43.44a12.75 12.75 0 0 1-.91 4.69c-2.78 7-18.51 42.27-56.3 57.39-1.418.568-2.932.86-4.46.86Zm0-128.77a1 1 0 0 0-.37.08L11.8 32.018a1.472 1.472 0 0 0-.8 1.35v43.49c0 .198.036.395.11.58 2.49 6.25 16.55 37.83 50.18 51.29a1 1 0 0 0 .75 0c33.62-13.46 47.68-45 50.16-51.24.08-.201.125-.414.13-.63v-43.49a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-.78-1.34L62 11.108a.903.903 0 0 0-.37-.08h.03Z"/></g></svg>
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 1.1 KiB |
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 335 B After Width: | Height: | Size: 335 B |
BIN
theme/assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/nitrokey.jpg
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 5.6 KiB |
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 322 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 322 KiB |
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 35 KiB |