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394 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
394 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
---
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meta_title: "Recomendações de E-mail Privado Criptografado — Privacy Guides"
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title: "Serviços de Email"
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icon: material/email
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description: Esses provedores de email oferecem um ótimo lugar para armazenar seus emails de forma segura, e muitos oferecem criptografia OpenPGP compatível com outros provedores.
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cover: email.webp
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global:
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- randomize-element
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- "table tbody"
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---
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
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O "email" é praticamente uma necessidade para usar qualquer serviço “online”, contudo não o recomendamos para conversas pessoais. Ao invés de utilizar email para falar com outras pessoas, considere utilizar um meio de mensagens instantâneas que suporte sigilo encaminhado.
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[Mensageiros Instantâneos Recomendados](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
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## Provedores Recomendados
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Para qualquer outra coisa, recomendamos uma variedade de provedores de email baseados em modelos de negócio sustentáveis e recursos de segurança e privacidade incorporados. Leia nossa [lista completa de requisitos](#criteria) para mais informações.
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| Provider | OpenPGP / WKD | IMAP / SMTP | Zero Access Encryption | Anonymous Payments |
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| --------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
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| [Proton Mail](#proton-mail) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Paid plans only | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Dinheiro |
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| [Mailbox.org](#mailboxorg) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Mail only | Dinheiro |
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| [Tuta](#tuta) | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Monero & Cash via third-party |
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In addition to (or instead of) an email provider recommended here, you may wish to consider a dedicated [email aliasing service](email-aliasing.md) to protect your privacy. Among other things, these services can help protect your real inbox from spam, prevent marketers from correlating your accounts, and encrypt all incoming messages with PGP.
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- [More Information :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email-aliasing.md)
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## Serviços Compatíveis com OpenPGP
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These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the [Web Key Directory standard](basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard), allowing for provider-agnostic E2EE emails. Por exemplo, um usuário do Proton Mail pode mandar uma mensagem E2E para um usuário de Mailbox.org, ou você pode receber notificações criptografadas por OpenPGP de serviços de internet que suportam isso.
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<div class="grid cards" markdown>
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- { .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
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- { .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
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</div>
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
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When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP your email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email, generally including the subject line! Read more about [email metadata](basics/email-security.md#email-metadata-overview).
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OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. [How do I protect my private keys?](basics/email-security.md#how-do-i-protect-my-private-keys)
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</div>
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### Proton Mail
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Proton Mail** é um serviço de email com foco na privacidade, criptografia, segurança, e facilidade de uso. Eles estão operando desde **2013**. Proton AG é localizado em Genève, Suíça. The Proton Mail Free plan comes with 500MB of Mail storage, which you can increase up to 1GB for free.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/mail){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonmail.android)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id979659905)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonMail/proton-mail-android/releases)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
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- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.proton.me)
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</details>
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</div>
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Contas gratuitas têm algumas limitações, como não poderem pesquisar no corpo de texto e não ter acesso à [Ponte Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), o que é requerido para usar um [cliente de email desktop recomendado](email-clients.md) (ex. Thunderbird). Contas pagas incluem funcionalidades como a Ponte Proton Mail, mais armazenamento, e suporte para domínios customizados. Um [certificado de segurança](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) foi concedido para os aplicativos do Proton Mail em 9 de Novembro de 2021 pela [Securitium](https://research.securitum.com).
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If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, Family, or Visionary plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
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Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are **not** shared with third parties. This can be disabled in the web app: :gear: → **All Settings** → **Account** → **Security and privacy** → **Privacy and data collection**.
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#### :material-check: { .pg-green } Domínios e Pseudônimos Personalizados
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Assinantes pagos do Proton Mail podem usar seu próprio domínio com o serviço ou um endereço de [pega-tudo (catch-all)](https://proton.me/support/catch-all). Proton Mail also supports [sub-addressing](https://proton.me/support/creating-aliases), which is useful for people who don't want to purchase a domain.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Métodos de Pagamento Privados
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Proton Mail [aceita](https://proton.me/support/payment-options) dinheiro por correio, para além dos pagamentos normais com cartão de crédito/débito, [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc) e PayPal.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Segurança da Conta
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Proton Mail suporta TOTP [autenticação de dois factores](https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa) e [chaves de segurança de hardware](https://proton.me/support/2fa-security-key) utilizando as normas FIDO2 ou U2F. O uso de uma chave de segurança de hardware requer a configuração da autenticação de dois fatores TOTP primeiro.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Segurança dos Dados
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Proton Mail tem [criptografia de acesso zero](https://proton.me/blog/zero-access-encryption) em repouso para seus e-mails e [calendários](https://proton.me/news/protoncalendar-security-model). Os dados protegidos com criptografia de acesso zero só são acessíveis por você.
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Certas informações armazenadas no [Proton Contacts](https://proton.me/support/proton-contacts), como nomes de exibição e endereços de e-mail, não são protegidas com criptografia de acesso zero. Campos de contatos que suportam criptografia de acesso zero, tais como números de telefone, são indicados com um ícone de cadeado.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Criptografia do Email
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Proton Mail [tem criptografia OpenPGP integrada](https://proton.me/support/how-to-use-pgp) em seu webmail. E-mails para outras contas do Proton Mail são criptografados automaticamente, e criptografia para endereços não-Proton Mail com uma chave OpenPGP pode ser facilmente ativada nas configurações da sua conta. Proton also supports automatic external key discovery with [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). This means that emails sent to other providers which use WKD will be automatically encrypted with OpenPGP as well, without the need to manually exchange public PGP keys with your contacts. They also allow you to [encrypt messages to non-Proton Mail addresses without OpenPGP](https://proton.me/support/password-protected-emails), without the need for them to sign up for a Proton Mail account.
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Proton Mail also publishes the public keys of Proton accounts via HTTP from their WKD. Isso permite que as pessoas que não usam o Proton Mail encontrem as chaves OpenPGP de contas Proton Mail facilmente, para criptografia ponta-a-ponta (E2EE) entre provedores. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Proton's own domains, like @proton.me. If you use a custom domain, you must [configure WKD](./basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard) separately.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Rescisão da Conta
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Se você tiver uma conta paga e sua conta [não for paga](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) após 14 dias, você não será capaz de acessar seus dados. Após 30 dias, a sua conta ficará inadimplente e não receberá novos e-mails. Você continuará a ser cobrado durante este período. Proton will [delete inactive free accounts](https://proton.me/support/inactive-accounts) after one year. You **cannot** reuse the email address of a deactivated account.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Funcionalidades Adicionais
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Proton Mail's [Unlimited](https://proton.me/support/proton-plans#proton-unlimited) plan also enables access to other Proton services in addition to providing multiple custom domains, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, and 500GB of storage.
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O Proton Mail não oferece um recurso de legado digital.
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### Mailbox.org
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Mailbox.org** is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and privately powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. They have been in operation since 2014. Mailbox.org is based in Berlin, Germany. Accounts start with up to 2GB storage, which can be upgraded as needed.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailbox.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://mailbox.org/en/data-protection-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://login.mailbox.org)
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</details>
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</div>
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#### :material-check: { .pg-green } Domínios e Pseudônimos Personalizados
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Mailbox.org lets you use your own domain, and they support [catch-all](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/custom-domains/how-to-set-up-a-catch-all-alias-with-a-custom-domain-name) addresses. Mailbox.org also supports [sub-addressing](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/account-article/what-is-an-alias-and-how-do-i-use-it), which is useful if you don't want to purchase a domain.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Métodos de Pagamento Privados
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Mailbox.org não aceita nenhuma criptomoeda como resultado do seu processador de pagamentos BitPay ter suspendido as operações na Alemanha. However, they do accept cash by mail, cash payment to bank account, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal and couple of German-specific processors: paydirekt and Sofortüberweisung.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Segurança da Conta
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Mailbox.org supports [two factor authentication](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/account-article/how-to-use-two-factor-authentication-2fa) for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a [YubiKey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey) via the [YubiCloud](https://yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud). Padrões da Web como [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn) ainda não são suportados.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Segurança dos Dados
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Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their [encrypted mailbox](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/your-encrypted-mailbox). Novas mensagens que você receber serão imediatamente criptografadas com a sua chave pública.
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However, [Open-Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange), the software platform used by Mailbox.org, [does not support](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/security-privacy-article/encryption-of-calendar-and-address-book) the encryption of your address book and calendar. Uma [opção autônoma](calendar.md) pode ser mais apropriada para essas informações.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Criptografia do Email
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Mailbox.org has [integrated encryption](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/send-encrypted-e-mails-with-guard) in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to people with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow [remote recipients to decrypt an email](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/my-recipient-does-not-use-pgp) on Mailbox.org's servers. Esse recurso é útil quando o destinatário remoto não tem OpenPGP e não pode descriptografar uma cópia do e-mail em sua própria caixa de correio.
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Mailbox.org também suporta a descoberta de chaves públicas via HTTP a partir do seu [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). Isso permite que pessoas fora do Mailbox.org encontrem as chaves OpenPGP de contas Mailbox.org facilmente, para criptografia ponta-a-ponta (E2EE) entre provedores. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Mailbox.org's own domains, like @mailbox.org. If you use a custom domain, you must [configure WKD](./basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard) separately.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Rescisão da Conta
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Your account will be set to a restricted user account when your contract ends. It will be irrevocably deleted after [30 days](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/payment-article/what-happens-at-the-end-of-my-contract).
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Funcionalidades Adicionais
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You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using their [.onion service](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/faq-article/the-tor-exit-node-of-mailbox-org). No entanto, sua interface webmail não pode ser acessada através do seu serviço ".onion" e você pode experimentar erros de certificado TLS.
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All accounts come with limited cloud storage that [can be encrypted](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/drive-article/encrypt-files-on-your-drive). Mailbox.org also offers the alias [@secure.mailbox.org](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/ensuring-e-mails-are-sent-securely), which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all. Mailbox.org também suporta [Exchange ActiveSync](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_ActiveSync), além dos protocolos de acesso padrão como IMAP e POP3.
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Mailbox.org tem um recurso de legado digital para todos os planos. Você pode escolher se quer que os seus dados sejam transmitidos aos seus herdeiros, desde que estes o solicitem e apresentem o seu testamento. Como alternativa, você pode nomear uma pessoa através do seu nome e endereço.
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## Mais Provedores
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Estes provedores armazenam os seus e-mails com criptografia de conhecimento zero, o que os torna excelentes opções para manter seguros os seus e-mails armazenados. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between different providers.
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<div class="grid cards" markdown>
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- { .twemoji } [Tuta](email.md#tuta)
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</div>
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### Tuta
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Tuta** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since **2011** and is based in Hanover, Germany. Free accounts start with 1GB of storage.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tuta.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tuta.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tuta.com/support){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tuta.com/community){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.tutanota)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id922429609)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/releases)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://tuta.com/#download)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://tuta.com/#download)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://tuta.com/#download)
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- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://app.tuta.com)
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</details>
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</div>
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Tuta doesn't support the [IMAP protocol](https://tuta.com/faq/#imap) or the use of third-party [email clients](email-clients.md), and you also won't be able to add [external email accounts](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/544#issuecomment-670473647) to the Tuta app. [Email import](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/630) is not currently supported either, though this is [due to be changed](https://tuta.com/blog/posts/kickoff-import). Emails can be exported [individually or by bulk selection](https://tuta.com/support#generalMail) per folder, which may be inconvenient if you have many folders.
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#### :material-check: { .pg-green } Domínios e Pseudônimos Personalizados
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Paid Tuta accounts can use either 15 or 30 aliases depending on their plan and unlimited aliases on [custom domains](https://tuta.com/support#custom-domain). Tuta doesn't allow for [sub-addressing (plus addresses)](https://tuta.com/support#plus), but you can use a [catch-all](https://tuta.com/support#settings-global) with a custom domain.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Métodos de Pagamento Privados
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Tuta only directly accepts credit cards and PayPal, however [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md) can be used to purchase gift cards via their [partnership](https://tuta.com/faq/#cryptocurrency) with Proxystore.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Segurança da Conta
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Tuta supports [two factor authentication](https://tuta.com/support#2fa) with either TOTP or U2F.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Segurança dos Dados
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Tuta has [zero access encryption at rest](https://tuta.com/support#what-encrypted) for your emails, [address book contacts](https://tuta.com/support#encrypted-address-book), and [calendars](https://tuta.com/support#calendar). Isso significa que as mensagens e outros dados armazenados em sua conta só são legíveis por você.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Criptografia do Email
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Tuta [does not use OpenPGP](https://tuta.com/support/#pgp). Tuta accounts can only receive encrypted emails from non-Tuta email accounts when sent via a [temporary Tuta mailbox](https://tuta.com/support/#encrypted-email-external).
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Rescisão da Conta
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Tuta will [delete inactive free accounts](https://tuta.com/support#inactive-accounts) after six months. Você poderá reutilizar uma conta gratuita desativada se pagar.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Funcionalidades Adicionais
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Tuta offers the business version of [Tuta to non-profit organizations](https://tuta.com/blog/posts/secure-email-for-non-profit) for free or with a heavy discount.
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Tuta doesn't offer a digital legacy feature.
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## Email Auto-Hospedado
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Administratores de sistema avançados podem considerar a possibilidade de configurar seu próprio servidor de e-mail. Servidores de correio eletrônico requerem atenção e manutenção contínua para manter as coisas seguras e a entrega de correio eletrônico confiável.
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### Soluções combinadas de software
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Mailcow** is a more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: A mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailcow.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.mailcow.email){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://servercow.de/mailcow?lang=en#sal){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</div>
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Mail-in-a-Box** é um script de configuração automatizado para implementar um servidor de correio no Ubuntu. Seu objetivo é facilitar a configuração de seu próprio servidor de e-mail.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailinabox.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://mailinabox.email/guide.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mail-in-a-box/mailinabox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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</div>
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Para uma abordagem mais manual, selecionamos estes dois artigos:
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- [Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd](https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd) (2019)
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- [How To Run Your Own Mail Server](https://c0ffee.net/blog/mail-server-guide) (August 2017)
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## Requisitos
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**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
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### Tecnologia
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Consideramos esses recursos importantes para fornecer um serviço seguro e otimizado. Você deve considerar se o provedor tem os recursos de que você precisa.
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**Mínimo Para Qualificação:**
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- Criptografa os dados da conta de e-mail em repouso com criptografia de acesso zero.
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- Export capability as [Mbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox) or individual .eml with [RFC5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5322) standard.
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- Allow users to use their own [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name). Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
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- Operates on owned infrastructure, i.e. not built upon third-party email service providers.
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**Melhor Caso:**
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- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc.) at rest with zero-access encryption.
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- Integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption provided as a convenience.
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- Support for [WKD](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD) to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP. GnuPG users can get a key by typing: `gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com`
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- Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send an encrypted email, without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.
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- Availability of the email provider's services via an [onion service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion).
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- [Sub-addressing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Sub-addressing) support.
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- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who own their own domains.
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- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
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### Privacidade
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Preferimos que nossos provedores recomendados coletem o mínimo possível de dados.
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**Mínimo Para Qualificação:**
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- Protect sender's IP address. Filter it from showing in the `Received` header field.
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- Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
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- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR.
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**Melhor Caso:**
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- Aceita [opções de pagamento anônimas](advanced/payments.md) ([criptomoedas](cryptocurrency.md), dinheiro, cartões-presente, etc.)
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- Hosted in a jurisdiction with strong email privacy protection laws.
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### Segurança
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Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt best industry practices in order to protect their members.
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**Mínimo Para Qualificação:**
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- Protection of webmail with 2FA, such as TOTP.
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- Zero access encryption, builds on encryption at rest. The provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.
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- [DNSSEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions) support.
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- No TLS errors or vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as [Hardenize](https://hardenize.com), [testssl.sh](https://testssl.sh), or [Qualys SSL Labs](https://ssllabs.com/ssltest); this includes certificate related errors and weak DH parameters, such as those that led to [Logjam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjam_(computer_security)).
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- A server suite preference (optional on TLSv1.3) for strong cipher suites which support forward secrecy and authenticated encryption.
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- A valid [MTA-STS](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8461) and [TLS-RPT](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8460) policy.
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- Valid [DANE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities) records.
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- Valid [SPF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework) and [DKIM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail) records.
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- Have a proper [DMARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC) record and policy or use [ARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain) for authentication. If DMARC authentication is being used, the policy must be set to `reject` or `quarantine`.
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- A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for [RFC8996](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8996).
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- [SMTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS) submission, assuming SMTP is used.
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- Website security standards such as:
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- [HTTP Strict Transport Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
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- [Subresource Integrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subresource_Integrity) if loading things from external domains.
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- Must support viewing of [Message headers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header), as it is a crucial forensic feature to determine if an email is a phishing attempt.
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**Melhor Caso:**
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- Support for hardware authentication, i.e. U2F and [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn). U2F and WebAuthn are more secure as they use a private key stored on a client-side hardware device to authenticate people, as opposed to a shared secret that is stored on the web server and on the client side when using TOTP. Furthermore, U2F and WebAuthn are more resistant to phishing as their authentication response is based on the authenticated [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name).
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- [DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6844) in addition to DANE support.
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- Implementation of [Authenticated Received Chain (ARC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain), this is useful for people who post to mailing lists [RFC8617](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8617).
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- Programas de recompensa por bugs e/ou um processo coordenado de divulgação de vulnerabilidades.
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- Website security standards such as:
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- [Content Security Policy (CSP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy)
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- [RFC9163 Expect-CT](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9163)
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### Confiança
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You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your email? Exigimos que nossos provedores recomendados sejam transparentes quanto a seus proprietários ou lideranças. Também esperamos ver relatórios de transparência frequentes, especialmente com relação à forma como as solicitações do governo são tratadas.
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**Mínimo Para Qualificação:**
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- Liderança ou propriedade voltada para o público.
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**Melhor Caso:**
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- Liderança orientada para o público (usuário).
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- Relatórios de transparência frequentes.
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### Marketing
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With the email providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.
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**Mínimo Para Qualificação:**
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- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc.). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for those who wish to opt-out.
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Não deve ter nenhum marketing irresponsável:
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- Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
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- Garantir 100% de proteção ao anonimato. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. Sabemos que as pessoas podem se desanonimizar facilmente de várias maneiras, por exemplo:
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- Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc.) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
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- [Impressão digital do navegador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)
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**Melhor Caso:**
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- Clear and easy to read documentation. This includes things like, setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.
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### Funções Adicionais
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While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.
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