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@@ -69,27 +69,28 @@ A large portion of [Arch Linux’s packages](https://reproducible.archlinux.org)
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## Distribuições imutáveis
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### Fedora Silverblue
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### Fedora Atomic Desktops
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Fedora Silverblue** is an immutable variant of Fedora with a strong focus on container workflows and the [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/) desktop environment. If you prefer an environment other than GNOME, there are also other variants including [Kinoite](https://fedoraproject.org/kinoite/) (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org/)) and [Sericea](https://fedoraproject.org/sericea/) (which comes with [Sway](https://swaywm.org/), a [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org)-only tiling window manager). We don't recommend [Onyx](https://fedoraproject.org/onyx/) at this time as it still [requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland). All of these variants follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.
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**Fedora Atomic Desktops** are the immutable variants of Fedora with a strong focus on containerized workflows and Flatpak for desktop applications. All of these variants follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/silverblue/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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Silverblue and its variants differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf/) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). `rpm-ostree` mantém duas implantações do sistema para que um usuário possa facilmente reverter se algo quebrar na nova implantação. Há também a opção de fixar mais implantações conforme necessário.
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The [Fedora Atomic Desktops](https://fedoramagazine.org/introducing-fedora-atomic-desktops/) come in a variety of flavors depending on the desktop environment you prefer, such as **Fedora Silverblue** (which comes with [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/)), **Fedora Kinoite**, (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org/)), **Fedora Sway Atomic**, or **Fedora Budgie Atomic**. However, we don't recommend the last of these as the Budgie desktop environment [still requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland).
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These operating systems differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf/) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
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After the update is complete you will reboot the system into the new deployment. `rpm-ostree` keeps two deployments of the system so that you can easily rollback if something breaks in the new deployment. There is also the option to pin more deployments as needed.
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Como alternativa aos Flatpaks, existe a opção de [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox/) para criar [Podman](https://podman.io) containers com um diretório home compartilhado com o sistema operacional host e imitar um ambiente Fedora tradicional, que é um [recurso útil](https://containertoolbx.org) para o desenvolvedor perspicaz.
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[Flatpak](https://www.flatpak.org) is the primary package installation method on these distributions, as `rpm-ostree` is only meant to overlay packages that cannot stay inside of a container on top of the base image.
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As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox/) to create [Podman](https://podman.io) containers with a shared home directory with the host operating system and mimic a traditional Fedora environment, which is a [useful feature](https://containertoolbx.org) for the discerning developer.
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@@ -107,13 +108,13 @@ NixOS é uma distribuição independente baseada no gerenciador de pacotes Nix c
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</div>
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O NixOS também fornece atualizações atômicas; primeiro ele baixa (ou constrói) os pacotes e arquivos para a nova geração do sistema e depois muda para ele. Existem diferentes maneiras de mudar para uma nova geração; você pode dizer ao NixOS para ativá-lo após o reinício ou você pode mudar para ele em tempo de execução. Você também pode *testar* a nova geração mudando para ela em tempo de execução, mas não definindo-a como a geração atual do sistema.
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NixOS’s package manager keeps every version of every package in a different folder in the **Nix store**. Due to this you can have different versions of the same package installed on your system. After the package contents have been written to the folder, the folder is made read-only.
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NixOS also provides atomic updates; first it downloads (or builds) the packages and files for the new system generation and then switches to it. There are different ways to switch to a new generation; you can tell NixOS to activate it after reboot or you can switch to it at runtime. You can also *test* the new generation by switching to it at runtime, but not setting it as the current system generation. If something in the update process breaks, you can just reboot and automatically and return to a working version of your system.
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Nix the package manager uses a purely functional language - which is also called Nix - to define packages.
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Nix é um gerenciador de pacotes baseado no código fonte; se não houver um pré-cache binário disponível, Nix irá apenas construir o pacote a partir do código fonte usando sua definição. Ele constrói cada pacote em um ambiente sandboxed *puro* , que é o mais independente possível do sistema hospedeiro, tornando assim os binários reprodutíveis.
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[Nixpkgs](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs) (the main source of packages) are contained in a single GitHub repository. You can also define your own packages in the same language and then easily include them in your config.
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Nix is a source-based package manager; if there’s no pre-built available in the binary cache, Nix will just build the package from source using its definition. It builds each package in a sandboxed *pure* environment, which is as independent of the host system as possible, thus making binaries reproducible.
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@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ O seu objectivo é preservar a privacidade e o anonimato, contornando a censura
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</div>
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Acredita-se frequentemente que [open source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software) software é intrinsecamente seguro porque o código fonte está disponível. Há uma expectativa de que a verificação da comunidade ocorra regularmente; no entanto, isto nem sempre é [o caso](https://seirdy.one/2022/02/02/floss-security.html). A Tails system that is compromised by malware may potentially bypass the transparent proxy allowing for the user to be deanonymized.
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Tails is great for counter forensics due to amnesia (meaning nothing is written to the disk); however, it is not a hardened distribution like Whonix. It lacks many anonymity and security features that Whonix has and gets updated much less often (only once every six weeks). A Tails system that is compromised by malware may potentially bypass the transparent proxy allowing for the user to be deanonymized.
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Tails includes [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origin) in Tor Browser by default, which may potentially make it easier for adversaries to fingerprint Tails users. [Whonix](desktop.md#whonix) virtual machines may be more leak-proof, however they are not amnesic, meaning data may be recovered from your storage device.
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@@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ Recomendamos armazenar uma chave de recuperação local em um local seguro, em v
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<div class="grid cards" markdown>
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- { .twemoji } [Qubes OS (Xen VM Distribution)](desktop.md#qubes-os)
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- { .twemoji } [Fedora Workstation](desktop.md#fedora-workstation)
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- { .twemoji } [Fedora Workstation](desktop.md#fedora-workstation)
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- { .twemoji } [OpenSUSE Tumbleweed](desktop.md#opensuse-tumbleweed)
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- { .twemoji } [Arch Linux](desktop.md#arch-linux)
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- { .twemoji } [Fedora Silverblue & Kinoite](desktop.md#fedora-silverblue)
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- { .twemoji } [Fedora Atomic Desktops](desktop.md#fedora-atomic-desktops)
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- { .twemoji } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
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- { .twemoji } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
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- { .twemoji } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
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