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2
i18n/ar/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/ar/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/ar/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/ar/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/bn-IN/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/bn-IN/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/bn-IN/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/bn-IN/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/bn/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/bn/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/bn/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/bn/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/cs/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/cs/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/cs/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/cs/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/de/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/de/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Bilder hochladen
---
Hier sind einige allgemeine Regeln um zu Privacy Guides beizutragen:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Bilder
- Wir **bevorzugen** SVG-Bilder, aber wenn diese nicht vorhanden sind, können wir PNG-Bilder verwenden
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Firmenlogos haben eine Leinwandgröße von:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Firmenlogos haben eine Leinwandgröße von:
### PNG
Verwenden Sie [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng), um das PNG-Bild zu optimieren:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/de/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/de/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/el/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We are also working with our fiscal host to receive cryptocurrency donations, at
Αγοράζουμε περιστασιακά προϊόντα και υπηρεσίες με σκοπό την δοκιμή των [συνιστώμενων εργαλείων](../tools.md) μας.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Σας ευχαριστούμε όλους όσους υποστηρίζουν την αποστολή μας! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
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View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Ανέβασμα Εικονών
---
Ακολουθούν μερικοί γενικοί κανόνες για τη συνεισφορά στο Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Εικόνες
- **Προτιμούμε** εικόνες SVG, αλλά αν δεν υπάρχουν, μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε εικόνες PNG.
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Τα λογότυπα εταιρειών έχουν μέγεθος καμβά:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: Ανέβασμα Εικονών
### PNG
Χρησιμοποίησε το [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) για να βελτιστοποιήσεις την εικόνα PNG:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/el/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/el/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/eo/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/eo/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/eo/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/eo/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/es/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Alojamos [servicios de internet](https://privacyguides.net) para probar y mostra
Ocasionalmente compramos productos y servicios con el fin de probar nuestras [herramientas recomendadas](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
¡Gracias a todos los que apoyan nuestra misión! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/es/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Subiendo imágenes
---
He aquí un par de normas generales para contribuir a las Guías de privacidad:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Imágenes
- **Preferimos** las imágenes SVG, pero si no existen podemos utilizar imágenes PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Los logotipos de empresa tienen un tamaño de lienzo de:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Los logotipos de empresa tienen un tamaño de lienzo de:
### PNG
Utiliza [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) para optimizar la imagen PNG:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/es/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Sistemas Operativos
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/es/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Notas de Privacidad
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/fa/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/fa/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: بارگذاری تصویر
---
در اینجا چند قانون کلی برای مشارکت در Privacy Guides را بررسی می‌کنیم:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## تصاویر
- ما **تصاویر SVG را ترجیح می‌دهیم**، اما اگر این تصاویر وجود نداشتند، می‌توانیم از تصاویر PNG استفاده کنیم.
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
اندازه لوگوهای شرکت:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: بارگذاری تصویر
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/fa/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/fa/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/fr/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Nous hébergeons [des services internet](https://privacyguides.net) pour tester
Nous achetons occasionnellement des produits et des services dans le but de tester nos [outils recommandés](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Merci à tous ceux qui soutiennent notre mission ! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/fr/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Envoi d'images
---
Voici quelques règles générales pour contribuer à Privacy Guides :
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- Nous **préférons** des images SVG, mais si celles-ci n'existent pas, nous pouvons utiliser des images PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Les logos d'entreprise ont une taille canvas de :
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Les logos d'entreprise ont une taille canvas de :
### PNG
Utilisez [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) pour optimiser l'image PNG :
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/fr/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Systèmes d'exploitation
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/fr/os/windows/index.md
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@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Remarques concernant la vie privée
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/he/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides הוא ארגון **ללא מטרות רווח **. אנו משת
מדי פעם אנו רוכשים מוצרים ושירותים לצורך בדיקת [הכלים המומלצים שלנו](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/he/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: העלאת תמונות
---
הנה כמה כללים כלליים לתרומה ל-Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## תמונות
- אנחנו **מעדיפים** תמונות SVG, אבל אם אלה לא קיימות נוכל להשתמש בתמונות PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
לסמלי החברה יש גודל קנבס של:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: העלאת תמונות
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/he/os/index.md
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@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: מערכות הפעלה
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/he/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## הערות פרטיות
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/hi/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/hi/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/hi/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/hi/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/hu/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ A weboldalra érkező forgalom több száz gigabájtnyi adatot használ havonta,
Alkalmanként vásárolunk termékeket és szolgáltatásokat az [ajánlott eszközeink](../tools.md) tesztelése céljából.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/hu/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Képek feltöltése
---
Íme néhány általános szabály a Privacy Guides-hoz való hozzájáruláshoz:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Képek
- **Előnyben részesítjük** az SVG képeket, de ha ilyenek nem léteznek, használhatunk PNG képeket is
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
A vállalati logók mérete:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ A vállalati logók mérete:
### PNG
Használd az [OptiPNG-t](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) a PNG kép optimalizálásához:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/hu/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operációs Rendszerek
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/hu/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/id/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Kami menghost [layanan internet](https://privacyguides.net) untuk menguji dan me
Kami terkadang membeli produk dan layanan untuk tujuan menguji [alat yang kami rekomendasikan](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/id/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Mengunggah Gambar
---
Berikut ini adalah beberapa aturan umum untuk berkontribusi pada Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Gambar
- Kami **lebih suka** gambar SVG, tetapi jika tidak ada, kami dapat menggunakan gambar PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Logo perusahaan memiliki ukuran kanvas:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Logo perusahaan memiliki ukuran kanvas:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/id/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Sistem Operasi
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/id/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/it/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Ospitiamo dei [servizi Internet](https://privacyguides.net) per testare e mostra
Occasionalmente, acquistiamo prodotti e servizi allo scopo di testare i nostri [strumenti consigliati](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Grazie a tutti coloro che sostengono la nostra missione! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/it/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Caricare Immagini
---
Ecco un paio di regole generali per contribuire a Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Immagini
- **Preferiamo** le immagini SVG, ma se non esistono, possiamo utilizzare le immagini PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
I loghi aziendali hanno dimensioni di:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ I loghi aziendali hanno dimensioni di:
### PNG
Utilizza l'[OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) per ottimizzare l'immagine PNG:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/it/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Sistemi Operativi
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/it/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Panoramica di Windows
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 sarà supportato fino a ottobre 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guide
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Note sulla Privacy
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Edizioni di Windows
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/ja/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guidesは**非営利**団体です。 寄付金は、以下のような
私たちは[推奨ツール](../tools.md)をテストする目的で製品やサービスを購入することがあります。
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/ja/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: 画像のアップロード
---
Privacy Guidesに投稿する際の一般的なルールをいくつか紹介します。
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## 画像
- SVG画像を**推奨**しますが、存在しない場合はPNG画像を使用できます
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
企業ロゴのキャンバスサイズ：
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Privacy Guidesに投稿する際の一般的なルールをいくつか紹介し
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/ja/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: オペレーティングシステム
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/ja/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## プライバシーに関する注意事項
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/ko/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides는 여러 [서비스](https://privacyguides.net)를 호스팅하
Privacy Guides는 때때로 [권장 목록](../tools.md)의 서비스나 툴을 테스트하기 위한 목적으로 제품을 구매합니다.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/ko/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: 이미지 업로드 방법
---
본 내용은 Privacy Guides에 기여할 때 주의해야 하는 규정입니다.
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## 이미지
- SVG 이미지가 선호되지만, 적절한 SVG 이미지가 존재하지 않는 경우 PNG 이미지를 사용할 수 있습니다.
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
업체 로고는 캔버스 크기를 다음과 같이 설정합니다.
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: 이미지 업로드 방법
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/ko/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: 운영 체제
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/ko/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/ku-IQ/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/ku-IQ/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/ku-IQ/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/ku-IQ/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/nl/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Wij hosten [internetdiensten](https://privacyguides.net) voor het testen en tone
Wij kopen af en toe producten en diensten aan om onze [aanbevolen instrumenten te testen](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/nl/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Afbeeldingen uploaden
---
Hier zijn een paar algemene regels voor het bijdragen aan Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Afbeeldingen
- Wij geven **de voorkeur aan** SVG-afbeeldingen, maar als die niet bestaan, kunnen we PNG-afbeeldingen gebruiken
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Bedrijfslogo's hebben canvas grootte van:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Bedrijfslogo's hebben canvas grootte van:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/nl/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Besturingssystemen
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/nl/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Opmerkingen
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/pl/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
Od czasu do czasu kupujemy produkty oraz usługi w celu przetestowania naszych [polecanych narzędzi](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/pl/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/pl/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/pl/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/pt-BR/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Nós hospedamos [serviços de internet](https://privacyguides.net) para teste e
Ocasionamente adquirimos produtos e serviços com o propósito de testar as nossas [ferramentas recomendadas](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/pt-BR/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Enviando Imagens
---
Aqui estão algumas regras gerais para contribuir com Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Imagens
- Nós **preferimos** imagens SVG, mas se elas não existirem, você pode usar imagens PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Logotipos de empresa tem tamanho de tela de:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Logotipos de empresa tem tamanho de tela de:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/pt-BR/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Sistemas Operacionais
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/pt-BR/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/pt/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Alojamos [ serviços na internet ](https://privacyguides.net) para teste e demon
Ocasionalmente, adquirimos produtos e serviços com o propósito de testar as nossas [ferramentas recomendadas](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/pt/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Carregamento de imagens
---
Eis algumas regras para contribuir para o Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Imagens
- Nós **preferimos** a utilização de imagens SVG, mas se tal não for possível, podem ser usadas imagens PNG
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Os logótipos das empresas devem ter um tamanho de tela de:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Os logótipos das empresas devem ter um tamanho de tela de:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/pt/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Sistemas Operativos
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
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View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/ru/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides - это **некоммерческая** организация.
Иногда мы приобретаем продукты и услуги для тестирования [рекомендуемых нами инструментов](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/ru/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Загрузка изображений
---
Вот несколько общих правил подготовки изображений для Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Изображения
- Мы **предпочитаем** SVG-изображения, но если их нет, мы можем использовать PNG-изображения
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Логотипы компании имеют размер холста:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: Загрузка изображений
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/ru/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Операционные системы
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/ru/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
i18n/sv/about/donate.md
View File

@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. Du kan vara berättigad till skatteavdrag. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. Du kan vara berättigad till skatteavdrag. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

14
i18n/sv/meta/uploading-images.md
View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Bilder
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Använd [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) för att optimera PNG-bilden:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

6
i18n/sv/os/index.md
View File

@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
title: Operativsystem
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

51
i18n/sv/os/windows/index.md
View File

@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

2
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@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin
We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md).
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email <info@magicgrants.org>.
Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red }

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@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
title: Uploading Images
---
Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides:
If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations:
## Images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images
- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format.
Company logos have canvas size of:
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of:
### PNG
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image:
Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images:
```bash
optipng -o7 file.png
@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \
--protect-ids-noninkscape \
input.svg output.svg
```
### WebP
Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format:
```bash
cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp
```

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title: Operating Systems
---
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md)
- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md)
The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles.
## Mobile Operating Systems

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@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview
icon: material/microsoft-windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.
If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences.
One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.
Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy.
## Guides
Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.
You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides:
@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
- Application Sandboxing (coming soon)
- Security Hardening (coming soon)
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon!
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
## Privacy History
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today.
</div>
At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them.
## Privacy Notes
Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including:
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher.
- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default.
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove.
- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default.
- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**.
- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device.
Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide.
Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.
## Windows Editions
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical.
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc.
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks.
It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.
## Obtaining Windows
Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install.
The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing.
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key.
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

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