diff --git a/i18n/ar/about/donate.md b/i18n/ar/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/ar/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/ar/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/ar/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/ar/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/ar/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/ar/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/ar/os/index.md b/i18n/ar/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/ar/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/ar/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/ar/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/ar/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/ar/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/ar/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/bn-IN/about/donate.md b/i18n/bn-IN/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/bn-IN/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/bn-IN/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/bn-IN/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/bn-IN/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/bn-IN/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/bn-IN/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/bn-IN/os/index.md b/i18n/bn-IN/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/bn-IN/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/bn-IN/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/bn-IN/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/bn-IN/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/bn-IN/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/bn-IN/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/bn/about/donate.md b/i18n/bn/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/bn/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/bn/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/bn/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/bn/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/bn/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/bn/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/bn/os/index.md b/i18n/bn/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/bn/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/bn/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/bn/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/bn/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/bn/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/bn/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/cs/about/donate.md b/i18n/cs/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/cs/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/cs/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/cs/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/cs/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/cs/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/cs/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/cs/os/index.md b/i18n/cs/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/cs/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/cs/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/cs/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/cs/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/cs/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/cs/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/de/about/donate.md b/i18n/de/about/donate.md index 0af1c0dc..33a82567 100644 --- a/i18n/de/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/de/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/de/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/de/meta/uploading-images.md index 19aff545..1f56fc51 100644 --- a/i18n/de/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/de/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Bilder hochladen --- -Hier sind einige allgemeine Regeln um zu Privacy Guides beizutragen: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Bilder -- Wir **bevorzugen** SVG-Bilder, aber wenn diese nicht vorhanden sind, können wir PNG-Bilder verwenden +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Firmenlogos haben eine Leinwandgröße von: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Firmenlogos haben eine Leinwandgröße von: ### PNG -Verwenden Sie [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng), um das PNG-Bild zu optimieren: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/de/os/index.md b/i18n/de/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/de/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/de/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/de/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/de/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/de/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/de/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/el/about/donate.md b/i18n/el/about/donate.md index b5b39950..a604e916 100644 --- a/i18n/el/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/el/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We are also working with our fiscal host to receive cryptocurrency donations, at Αγοράζουμε περιστασιακά προϊόντα και υπηρεσίες με σκοπό την δοκιμή των [συνιστώμενων εργαλείων](../tools.md) μας. -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Σας ευχαριστούμε όλους όσους υποστηρίζουν την αποστολή μας! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/el/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/el/meta/uploading-images.md index 19cf7d3b..c2baa0fc 100644 --- a/i18n/el/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/el/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Ανέβασμα Εικονών --- -Ακολουθούν μερικοί γενικοί κανόνες για τη συνεισφορά στο Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Εικόνες -- **Προτιμούμε** εικόνες SVG, αλλά αν δεν υπάρχουν, μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε εικόνες PNG. +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Τα λογότυπα εταιρειών έχουν μέγεθος καμβά: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: Ανέβασμα Εικονών ### PNG -Χρησιμοποίησε το [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) για να βελτιστοποιήσεις την εικόνα PNG: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/el/os/index.md b/i18n/el/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/el/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/el/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/el/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/el/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/el/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/el/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/eo/about/donate.md b/i18n/eo/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/eo/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/eo/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/eo/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/eo/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/eo/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/eo/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/eo/os/index.md b/i18n/eo/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/eo/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/eo/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/eo/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/eo/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/eo/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/eo/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/es/about/donate.md b/i18n/es/about/donate.md index af07a7dd..37ace9fe 100644 --- a/i18n/es/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/es/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Alojamos [servicios de internet](https://privacyguides.net) para probar y mostra Ocasionalmente compramos productos y servicios con el fin de probar nuestras [herramientas recomendadas](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . ¡Gracias a todos los que apoyan nuestra misión! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/es/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/es/meta/uploading-images.md index 875feac7..ca25e8ae 100644 --- a/i18n/es/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/es/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Subiendo imágenes --- -He aquí un par de normas generales para contribuir a las Guías de privacidad: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Imágenes -- **Preferimos** las imágenes SVG, pero si no existen podemos utilizar imágenes PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Los logotipos de empresa tienen un tamaño de lienzo de: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Los logotipos de empresa tienen un tamaño de lienzo de: ### PNG -Utiliza [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) para optimizar la imagen PNG: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/es/os/index.md b/i18n/es/os/index.md index 01b394ea..c3f8993f 100644 --- a/i18n/es/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/es/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Sistemas Operativos --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/es/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/es/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..7a640a26 100644 --- a/i18n/es/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/es/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Notas de Privacidad -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/fa/about/donate.md b/i18n/fa/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/fa/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/fa/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/fa/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/fa/meta/uploading-images.md index 8718a7ea..2f287abb 100644 --- a/i18n/fa/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/fa/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: بارگذاری تصویر --- -در اینجا چند قانون کلی برای مشارکت در Privacy Guides را بررسی می‌کنیم: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## تصاویر -- ما **تصاویر SVG را ترجیح می‌دهیم**، اما اگر این تصاویر وجود نداشتند، می‌توانیم از تصاویر PNG استفاده کنیم. +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. اندازه لوگوهای شرکت: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: بارگذاری تصویر ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/fa/os/index.md b/i18n/fa/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/fa/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/fa/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/fa/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/fa/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/fa/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/fa/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/fr/about/donate.md b/i18n/fr/about/donate.md index 3c342353..189b1970 100644 --- a/i18n/fr/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/fr/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Nous hébergeons [des services internet](https://privacyguides.net) pour tester Nous achetons occasionnellement des produits et des services dans le but de tester nos [outils recommandés](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Merci à tous ceux qui soutiennent notre mission ! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/fr/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/fr/meta/uploading-images.md index 058a0b0e..996372be 100644 --- a/i18n/fr/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/fr/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Envoi d'images --- -Voici quelques règles générales pour contribuer à Privacy Guides : +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- Nous **préférons** des images SVG, mais si celles-ci n'existent pas, nous pouvons utiliser des images PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Les logos d'entreprise ont une taille canvas de : @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Les logos d'entreprise ont une taille canvas de : ### PNG -Utilisez [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) pour optimiser l'image PNG : +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/fr/os/index.md b/i18n/fr/os/index.md index 5dc33a95..2860c292 100644 --- a/i18n/fr/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/fr/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Systèmes d'exploitation --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/fr/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/fr/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..9ef8ac93 100644 --- a/i18n/fr/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/fr/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Remarques concernant la vie privée -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/he/about/donate.md b/i18n/he/about/donate.md index defac3da..2eedb10a 100644 --- a/i18n/he/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/he/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides הוא ארגון **ללא מטרות רווח **. אנו משת מדי פעם אנו רוכשים מוצרים ושירותים לצורך בדיקת [הכלים המומלצים שלנו](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/he/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/he/meta/uploading-images.md index 48651305..4a3fac69 100644 --- a/i18n/he/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/he/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: העלאת תמונות --- -הנה כמה כללים כלליים לתרומה ל-Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## תמונות -- אנחנו **מעדיפים** תמונות SVG, אבל אם אלה לא קיימות נוכל להשתמש בתמונות PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. לסמלי החברה יש גודל קנבס של: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: העלאת תמונות ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/he/os/index.md b/i18n/he/os/index.md index bf3a6144..9819f9e7 100644 --- a/i18n/he/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/he/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: מערכות הפעלה --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/he/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/he/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..bd0ae2c0 100644 --- a/i18n/he/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/he/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## הערות פרטיות -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/hi/about/donate.md b/i18n/hi/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/hi/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/hi/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/hi/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/hi/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/hi/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/hi/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/hi/os/index.md b/i18n/hi/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/hi/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/hi/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/hi/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/hi/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/hi/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/hi/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/hu/about/donate.md b/i18n/hu/about/donate.md index 1a950991..7ce5d1f8 100644 --- a/i18n/hu/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/hu/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ A weboldalra érkező forgalom több száz gigabájtnyi adatot használ havonta, Alkalmanként vásárolunk termékeket és szolgáltatásokat az [ajánlott eszközeink](../tools.md) tesztelése céljából. -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/hu/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/hu/meta/uploading-images.md index d7f99bb1..1d4dae74 100644 --- a/i18n/hu/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/hu/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Képek feltöltése --- -Íme néhány általános szabály a Privacy Guides-hoz való hozzájáruláshoz: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Képek -- **Előnyben részesítjük** az SVG képeket, de ha ilyenek nem léteznek, használhatunk PNG képeket is +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. A vállalati logók mérete: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ A vállalati logók mérete: ### PNG -Használd az [OptiPNG-t](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) a PNG kép optimalizálásához: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/hu/os/index.md b/i18n/hu/os/index.md index ce4677ef..33781be6 100644 --- a/i18n/hu/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/hu/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operációs Rendszerek --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/hu/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/hu/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/hu/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/hu/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/id/about/donate.md b/i18n/id/about/donate.md index fc6ac2ed..fdb3b8e0 100644 --- a/i18n/id/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/id/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Kami menghost [layanan internet](https://privacyguides.net) untuk menguji dan me Kami terkadang membeli produk dan layanan untuk tujuan menguji [alat yang kami rekomendasikan](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/id/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/id/meta/uploading-images.md index 7b261b89..ecb629f3 100644 --- a/i18n/id/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/id/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Mengunggah Gambar --- -Berikut ini adalah beberapa aturan umum untuk berkontribusi pada Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Gambar -- Kami **lebih suka** gambar SVG, tetapi jika tidak ada, kami dapat menggunakan gambar PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Logo perusahaan memiliki ukuran kanvas: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Logo perusahaan memiliki ukuran kanvas: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/id/os/index.md b/i18n/id/os/index.md index 0037a7d1..71f5ecff 100644 --- a/i18n/id/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/id/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Sistem Operasi --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/id/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/id/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/id/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/id/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/it/about/donate.md b/i18n/it/about/donate.md index 26129c27..f3798bc0 100644 --- a/i18n/it/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/it/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Ospitiamo dei [servizi Internet](https://privacyguides.net) per testare e mostra Occasionalmente, acquistiamo prodotti e servizi allo scopo di testare i nostri [strumenti consigliati](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Grazie a tutti coloro che sostengono la nostra missione! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/it/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/it/meta/uploading-images.md index c3c498c1..bd660bb6 100644 --- a/i18n/it/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/it/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Caricare Immagini --- -Ecco un paio di regole generali per contribuire a Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Immagini -- **Preferiamo** le immagini SVG, ma se non esistono, possiamo utilizzare le immagini PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. I loghi aziendali hanno dimensioni di: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ I loghi aziendali hanno dimensioni di: ### PNG -Utilizza l'[OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) per ottimizzare l'immagine PNG: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/it/os/index.md b/i18n/it/os/index.md index 90ca6c90..0719451a 100644 --- a/i18n/it/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/it/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Sistemi Operativi --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/it/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/it/os/windows/index.md index 485e8d4d..85a592f7 100644 --- a/i18n/it/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/it/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Panoramica di Windows icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 sarà supportato fino a ottobre 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guide +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Note sulla Privacy -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Edizioni di Windows -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/ja/about/donate.md b/i18n/ja/about/donate.md index a3ebdf21..5bcbdebc 100644 --- a/i18n/ja/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/ja/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guidesは**非営利**団体です。 寄付金は、以下のような 私たちは[推奨ツール](../tools.md)をテストする目的で製品やサービスを購入することがあります。 -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/ja/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/ja/meta/uploading-images.md index 049aa5b4..3ee58406 100644 --- a/i18n/ja/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/ja/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: 画像のアップロード --- -Privacy Guidesに投稿する際の一般的なルールをいくつか紹介します。 +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## 画像 -- SVG画像を**推奨**しますが、存在しない場合はPNG画像を使用できます +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. 企業ロゴのキャンバスサイズ： @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Privacy Guidesに投稿する際の一般的なルールをいくつか紹介し ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/ja/os/index.md b/i18n/ja/os/index.md index 7667ad6f..8b53cc74 100644 --- a/i18n/ja/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/ja/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: オペレーティングシステム --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/ja/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/ja/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..d3456b06 100644 --- a/i18n/ja/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/ja/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## プライバシーに関する注意事項 -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/ko/about/donate.md b/i18n/ko/about/donate.md index 5497ec4a..65a2848b 100644 --- a/i18n/ko/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/ko/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides는 여러 [서비스](https://privacyguides.net)를 호스팅하 Privacy Guides는 때때로 [권장 목록](../tools.md)의 서비스나 툴을 테스트하기 위한 목적으로 제품을 구매합니다. -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/ko/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/ko/meta/uploading-images.md index 15e81713..e40812dd 100644 --- a/i18n/ko/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/ko/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: 이미지 업로드 방법 --- -본 내용은 Privacy Guides에 기여할 때 주의해야 하는 규정입니다. +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## 이미지 -- SVG 이미지가 선호되지만, 적절한 SVG 이미지가 존재하지 않는 경우 PNG 이미지를 사용할 수 있습니다. +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. 업체 로고는 캔버스 크기를 다음과 같이 설정합니다. @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: 이미지 업로드 방법 ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/ko/os/index.md b/i18n/ko/os/index.md index a96fc5e8..3287b332 100644 --- a/i18n/ko/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/ko/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: 운영 체제 --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/ko/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/ko/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/ko/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/ko/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/ku-IQ/about/donate.md b/i18n/ku-IQ/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/ku-IQ/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/ku-IQ/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/ku-IQ/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/ku-IQ/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/ku-IQ/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/ku-IQ/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/index.md b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/nl/about/donate.md b/i18n/nl/about/donate.md index 41123c25..54b5fb0b 100644 --- a/i18n/nl/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/nl/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Wij hosten [internetdiensten](https://privacyguides.net) voor het testen en tone Wij kopen af en toe producten en diensten aan om onze [aanbevolen instrumenten te testen](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/nl/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/nl/meta/uploading-images.md index 146ec2ba..34e3b29f 100644 --- a/i18n/nl/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/nl/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Afbeeldingen uploaden --- -Hier zijn een paar algemene regels voor het bijdragen aan Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Afbeeldingen -- Wij geven **de voorkeur aan** SVG-afbeeldingen, maar als die niet bestaan, kunnen we PNG-afbeeldingen gebruiken +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Bedrijfslogo's hebben canvas grootte van: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Bedrijfslogo's hebben canvas grootte van: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/nl/os/index.md b/i18n/nl/os/index.md index c56f0e1b..11a882e5 100644 --- a/i18n/nl/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/nl/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Besturingssystemen --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/nl/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/nl/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..301b355c 100644 --- a/i18n/nl/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/nl/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Opmerkingen -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/pl/about/donate.md b/i18n/pl/about/donate.md index 4098cd84..8a8c93eb 100644 --- a/i18n/pl/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/pl/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin Od czasu do czasu kupujemy produkty oraz usługi w celu przetestowania naszych [polecanych narzędzi](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/pl/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/pl/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/pl/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/pl/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/pl/os/index.md b/i18n/pl/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/pl/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/pl/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/pl/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/pl/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/pl/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/pl/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/pt-BR/about/donate.md b/i18n/pt-BR/about/donate.md index 56f317d9..57c6f7ad 100644 --- a/i18n/pt-BR/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/pt-BR/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Nós hospedamos [serviços de internet](https://privacyguides.net) para teste e Ocasionamente adquirimos produtos e serviços com o propósito de testar as nossas [ferramentas recomendadas](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/pt-BR/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/pt-BR/meta/uploading-images.md index f27dc453..8a39bb45 100644 --- a/i18n/pt-BR/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/pt-BR/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Enviando Imagens --- -Aqui estão algumas regras gerais para contribuir com Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Imagens -- Nós **preferimos** imagens SVG, mas se elas não existirem, você pode usar imagens PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Logotipos de empresa tem tamanho de tela de: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Logotipos de empresa tem tamanho de tela de: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/pt-BR/os/index.md b/i18n/pt-BR/os/index.md index c5cc3843..fa1d3730 100644 --- a/i18n/pt-BR/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/pt-BR/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Sistemas Operacionais --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/pt-BR/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/pt-BR/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/pt-BR/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/pt-BR/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/pt/about/donate.md b/i18n/pt/about/donate.md index 668ae2b6..0a892460 100644 --- a/i18n/pt/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/pt/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Alojamos [ serviços na internet ](https://privacyguides.net) para teste e demon Ocasionalmente, adquirimos produtos e serviços com o propósito de testar as nossas [ferramentas recomendadas](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/pt/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/pt/meta/uploading-images.md index 57ace81c..389caf2b 100644 --- a/i18n/pt/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/pt/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Carregamento de imagens --- -Eis algumas regras para contribuir para o Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Imagens -- Nós **preferimos** a utilização de imagens SVG, mas se tal não for possível, podem ser usadas imagens PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Os logótipos das empresas devem ter um tamanho de tela de: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Os logótipos das empresas devem ter um tamanho de tela de: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/pt/os/index.md b/i18n/pt/os/index.md index 01b394ea..c3f8993f 100644 --- a/i18n/pt/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/pt/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Sistemas Operativos --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/pt/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/pt/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/pt/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/pt/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/ru/about/donate.md b/i18n/ru/about/donate.md index 658b09d2..c2072c83 100644 --- a/i18n/ru/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/ru/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides - это **некоммерческая** организация. Иногда мы приобретаем продукты и услуги для тестирования [рекомендуемых нами инструментов](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/ru/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/ru/meta/uploading-images.md index 2b8267b4..e4a1217e 100644 --- a/i18n/ru/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/ru/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Загрузка изображений --- -Вот несколько общих правил подготовки изображений для Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Изображения -- Мы **предпочитаем** SVG-изображения, но если их нет, мы можем использовать PNG-изображения +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Логотипы компании имеют размер холста: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: Загрузка изображений ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/ru/os/index.md b/i18n/ru/os/index.md index 9a6c7672..b05986c6 100644 --- a/i18n/ru/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/ru/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Операционные системы --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/ru/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/ru/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/ru/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/ru/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/sv/about/donate.md b/i18n/sv/about/donate.md index d49a9cbb..2ff98588 100644 --- a/i18n/sv/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/sv/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. Du kan vara berättigad till skatteavdrag. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. Du kan vara berättigad till skatteavdrag. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/sv/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/sv/meta/uploading-images.md index abaf8395..5f805025 100644 --- a/i18n/sv/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/sv/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Bilder -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Använd [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) för att optimera PNG-bilden: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/sv/os/index.md b/i18n/sv/os/index.md index f589b761..eb390b8e 100644 --- a/i18n/sv/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/sv/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operativsystem --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/sv/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/sv/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/sv/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/sv/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/tr/about/donate.md b/i18n/tr/about/donate.md index 80bd6b9e..71f6a09f 100644 --- a/i18n/tr/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/tr/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We host [internet services](https://privacyguides.net) for testing and showcasin We occasionally purchase products and services for the purposes of testing our [recommended tools](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/tr/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/tr/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/tr/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/tr/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/tr/os/index.md b/i18n/tr/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/tr/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/tr/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/tr/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/tr/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/tr/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/tr/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/uk/about/donate.md b/i18n/uk/about/donate.md index 9325ab74..3d818cd5 100644 --- a/i18n/uk/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/uk/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides - це **некомерційна** організація. Ми Час від часу ми купуємо продукти та послуги з метою тестування наших [рекомендованих інструментів](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/uk/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/uk/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/uk/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/uk/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/uk/os/index.md b/i18n/uk/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/uk/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/uk/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/uk/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/uk/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/uk/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/uk/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/vi/about/donate.md b/i18n/vi/about/donate.md index 1a73ad94..eeea68d2 100644 --- a/i18n/vi/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/vi/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Chúng tôi tổ chức [dịch vụ internet](https://privacyguides.net) để Thỉnh thoảng chúng tôi mua sản phẩm và dịch vụ cho mục đích thử nghiệm [công cụ được đề xuất của chúng tôi](../tools.md). -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/vi/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/vi/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/vi/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/vi/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/vi/os/index.md b/i18n/vi/os/index.md index cb628588..60cbfad3 100644 --- a/i18n/vi/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/vi/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: Operating Systems --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/vi/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/vi/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/vi/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/vi/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/zh-Hant/about/donate.md b/i18n/zh-Hant/about/donate.md index 0179761b..d29cbcc6 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-Hant/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/zh-Hant/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Privacy Guides 是一個 **非營利** 組織。 我們將捐款用於各種目 我們偶爾會購買產品和服務，以測試我們的 [推薦工具](../tools.md)。 -捐款將轉入 [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/)（一個 501(c)(3) 組織）內的專用基金。 該資金將僅用於本專案項目。 您可獲得減稅資格。 如需要捐款收據，請發送電子郵件至 。 +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. 該資金將僅用於本專案項目。 您可獲得減稅資格。 如需要捐款收據，請發送電子郵件至 。 感謝所有支持本站宗旨的朋友！ :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/zh-Hant/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/zh-Hant/meta/uploading-images.md index 969b3bc2..491a21f6 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-Hant/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/zh-Hant/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: 上傳圖片 --- -以下是 Privacy Guides 一些貢獻規則： +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## 圖片 -- 我們 **更喜歡** SVG 圖像，但如果沒有，也可以使用 PNG +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. 公司 logo 的畫布尺寸爲： @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ title: 上傳圖片 ### PNG -使用 [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) 優化 PNG 圖片： +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/index.md b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/index.md index 231731ce..4c39eb4a 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: 作業系統 --- -我們發布主要作業系統的配置指南，通常可以改善個人資料被收集的情況，特別是如使用[隱私工具](../tools.md)，例如我們推薦的網路瀏覽器在適當的地方設置原生工具。 不過某些作業系統本質上會更加尊重隱私，而在其他選擇上要實現同等隱私則較不易。 +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. 不過某些作業系統本質上會更加尊重隱私，而在其他選擇上要實現同等隱私則較不易。 -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. 如已經使用其他東西並且對轉換沒興趣，我們仍希望這些指南有所幫助。 +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## 移動作業系統 diff --git a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/windows/index.md index 710e86e3..e9ba4665 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows 總覽 icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** 是廣泛使用的私有商用作業系統。 最新版本的 Windows，尤其是 Windows 11，被廣泛認為是最具隱私侵犯性和最不安全的現代作業系統。 +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -如果可以在 Windows 10 和 Windows 11 之間選擇，我們建議盡可能長時間地使用 Windows 10。 Windows 10 的支援期限將持續到 2025 年 10 月。 然而，目前版本的 Windows 都不會在不進行大量修改的情況下尊重您的隱私，而這些修改通常會被 Microsoft 未來的更新所撤銷。 如果想要保護隱私和尊重用戶偏好的作業系統，請考慮 [Linux](../linux-overview.md)。 +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft 不斷在 Windows 11 中新增雲端功能，這些功能預設為啟用，無需使用者同意。 最近（2024 年5 月），他們推出了一個名為**Recall** 的內建鍵盤記錄器（其AI 功能的一部分），它會記錄裝置上的每次擊鍵，並透過定期截圖來記錄螢幕。 這些資料不安全地儲存在本機資料庫，該資料庫在裝置開機時會被解密，意味著很容易成為駭客的目標。 它不會編輯資料庫中複製的密碼或財務資訊等敏感訊息，但它確實透過不記錄受版權保護的內容來保護好萊塢電影製片廠。 此功能目前僅在某些較新的裝置上提供，但它足以說明 Microsoft 是多麼不關心用戶的安全和隱私。 - -## 指南 +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. 可透過以下指南增強 Windows 上的隱私和安全性，而無需下載任何第三方工具： @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ Microsoft 不斷在 Windows 11 中新增雲端功能，這些功能預設為啟 - 應用程式沙盒 (coming soon) - 安全強化 (coming soon) -本節仍在施工，與其他作業系統相比，Windows 安裝需要花費更多的時間和精力才能使用。 Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## 隱私記錄 +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -特別是自 Windows 8 發布以來，微軟在其作業系統版本中表現出了極其侵犯隱私的行為，一直利用 Windows 是使用最廣泛的桌面作業系統的優勢。 Windows 10 因其預設將大量資料和遙測資料([包括](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection)「使用者的聯絡人和日曆事件、位置資料和歷史記錄、'遙測'（診斷資料） [...])傳回 Microsoft，受到廣泛[批評](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings)。 和“廣告 ID”，以及啟用（預設） Cortana 助理時的更多數據”。 Windows 10 也讓更改預設應用程式（例如 Web 瀏覽器）取代 Microsoft 提供的應用程式變得更加困難，這種行為至今仍然存在。 +
-一開始無法在 Windows 10 非企業版中停用遙測。 目前仍無法停用，但微軟[減少遙測](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collections)。 +## 隱私筆記 -Windows 11 引入了更多侵犯隱私行為，包括： +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- 家用版被迫使用 Microsoft 帳戶而不是本機帳戶，而專業版及更高版本會隱藏本機帳戶選項。 -- 預設啟用幾乎所有資料收集選項。 -- 難以刪除大量整合 Bing、OneDrive 和 Teams 等 Microsoft 服務。 -- 將（雲端的）AI 功能新增至 Windows 和各種 Microsoft 應用程式。 -- 不必要地儲存大量敏感資料。 即使資料儲存在本機且未傳送至微軟，但仍可能成為駭客或惡意軟體的目標。 +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -微軟經常濫用自動更新功能為裝置添加新功能，並預設為啟用新功能來個人資料。 +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. 即使資料儲存在本機且未傳送至微軟，但仍可能成為駭客或惡意軟體的目標。 -Windows 11 中的某些隱私功能僅限於在歐盟的裝置。 我們尚未找到可靠方法在全球範圍內存取這些設定。 +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows 版本 -不幸的是，許多重要的隱私和安全功能都鎖定在較昂貴的 Windows 版本，未提供於 Windows 家用版。 **Windows 家用版** 缺少的一些功能包括 Bitlocker 磁碟機加密、Hyper-V 和 Windows Sandbox。 在 Windows 指南中，我們將介紹如何正確使用所有這些功能，因此擁有高級版的 Windows 將至關重要。 +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows 企業版** 在配置 Windows 內建的隱私和安全設定時提供最大的彈性。 例如，它們是唯一能限制啟用遙測工具，阻止將資料傳回微軟的版本。 遺憾的是，Enterprise 無法零售購買，因此可能無法使用。 +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. 例如，它們是唯一能限制啟用遙測工具，阻止將資料傳回微軟的版本。 遺憾的是，Enterprise 無法零售購買，因此可能無法使用。 -可_零售_購買的最佳版本是**Windows 專業版**。 遺憾的是，此版本不能對 Microsoft 遙測設定一些最嚴格的限制，但具有幾乎所有想用來保護裝置的功能，包括 Bitlocker、Hyper-V 等。 +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -學生和教師可以從其教育機構免費取得 **Windows Education**（相當於 Enterprise）或 **Windows Pro Education**（相當於 Pro）（包括個人裝置）。 許多學校透過 OnTheHub 或 Microsoft Azure for Education 與 Microsoft 合作，因此您可以檢查這些網站或學校的福利頁面，看看是否符合資格。 能否獲得這些許可完全取決於機構。 對許多人來說，這可能是取得 Windows 企業版供個人使用的最佳方式。 與零售版本相比，使用教育授權不會帶來額外的隱私或安全風險。 +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. 許多學校透過 OnTheHub 或 Microsoft Azure for Education 與 Microsoft 合作，因此您可以檢查這些網站或學校的福利頁面，看看是否符合資格。 能否獲得這些許可完全取決於機構。 對許多人來說，這可能是取得 Windows 企業版供個人使用的最佳方式。 與零售版本相比，使用教育授權不會帶來額外的隱私或安全風險。 -不建議使用 Windows 的分支或修改版本，例如 Windows AME。 由於 Windows AME 等 Windows 修改版本不會收到更新，因此 Windows Defender 中的安全功能和防毒定義將落後於當前的威脅情勢，從而易受到攻擊。 +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## 取得 Windows 目前，僅可購買 Windows 11 授權金鑰，但這些金鑰也適用於 Windows 10，因此仍可購買 Windows 11 專業版金鑰來啟動 Windows 10 安裝。 -官方的[Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10)是將Windows安裝程式放在 USB 隨身碟上的最佳方法。 Rufus 或 Etcher 等第三方工具可能會意外修改文件，可能導致啟動或其他安裝問題。 +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -此工具僅允許安裝家用版或專業版，因為 Windows 企業版沒有公開可用的下載。 但如有企業版授權金鑰，則可以輕鬆升級專業版。 只需安裝 Windows Pro，無需在安裝過程中輸入許可證金鑰，然後在完成安裝後在「設定」應用程式中輸入您的企業金鑰。 輸入有效的許可證金鑰後，則專業版安裝將自動升級至企業版。 +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -如要安裝教育版，當從機構的福利入口網站取得許可證金鑰時，通常會提供私人下載以及許可證金鑰。 +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/i18n/zh/about/donate.md b/i18n/zh/about/donate.md index 89306657..a5d31f2b 100644 --- a/i18n/zh/about/donate.md +++ b/i18n/zh/about/donate.md @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ We are also working with our fiscal host to receive cryptocurrency donations, at 我们偶尔会购买产品和服务，以测试我们 [推荐的工具](../tools.md)。 -Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org/), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . +Your donation will go to a dedicated fund within [MAGIC Grants](https://magicgrants.org), a 501(c)(3) organization. The funds will only be used for this project specifically. You may qualify for a tax deduction. If you need a donation receipt, please email . Thank you to all those who support our mission! :material-heart:{ .pg-red } diff --git a/i18n/zh/meta/uploading-images.md b/i18n/zh/meta/uploading-images.md index 44c5833d..fdd3c568 100644 --- a/i18n/zh/meta/uploading-images.md +++ b/i18n/zh/meta/uploading-images.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ title: Uploading Images --- -Here are a couple of general rules for contributing to Privacy Guides: +If you make changes to this website that involve adding new images or replacing existing ones, here are a couple of general recommendations: ## Images -- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images +- We **prefer** SVG images, but if those do not exist we can use PNG images. Additionally, for cover images, we prefer that they are obtained from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com) and are in the WebP format. Company logos have canvas size of: @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Company logos have canvas size of: ### PNG -Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) to optimize the PNG image: +Use the [OptiPNG](https://sourceforge.net/projects/optipng) tool to optimize PNG images: ```bash optipng -o7 file.png @@ -87,3 +87,11 @@ scour --set-precision=5 \ --protect-ids-noninkscape \ input.svg output.svg ``` + +### WebP + +Use the [cwebp](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/using) command to convert PNG or JPEG image files to WebP format: + +```bash +cwebp -q 70 -m 6 input_file -o output.webp +``` diff --git a/i18n/zh/os/index.md b/i18n/zh/os/index.md index 2f908830..106497ba 100644 --- a/i18n/zh/os/index.md +++ b/i18n/zh/os/index.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ title: 服务供应商 --- -We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. +We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use privacy tools like our [recommended web browsers](../desktop-browsers.md) in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices. -If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful. +- [Recommended Linux Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md) +- [Recommended Android Distros :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md) + The articles marked with a :material-star: are our more mature articles. ## Mobile Operating Systems diff --git a/i18n/zh/os/windows/index.md b/i18n/zh/os/windows/index.md index 465ee940..a558c66b 100644 --- a/i18n/zh/os/windows/index.md +++ b/i18n/zh/os/windows/index.md @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ title: Windows Overview icon: material/microsoft-windows --- -**Microsoft Windows** is a proprietary operating system in widespread use. Recent versions of Windows, especially Windows 11, are widely considered to be the most privacy-invasive and least secure modern operating systems. +**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing. -If you have the choice between Windows 10 and Windows 11, we would recommend using Windows 10 for as long as possible. Windows 10 will be supported until October 2025. However, no current version of Windows respects your privacy without extensive modifications that are often undone by future updates from Microsoft. Consider [Linux](../linux-overview.md) if you'd prefer an operating system that respects your privacy and preferences. +One of the newest examples was called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems. -Microsoft continually adds new cloud-based features to Windows 11 which are enabled by default without user consent. Most recently (as of May 2024), they've introduced a built-in keylogger called **Recall** (part of their AI features) which records every keystroke on your device, and records your screen by screenshotting at regular intervals. This data is stored unsafely in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers. It will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect Hollywood movie studios by not recording copyrighted content. This feature is currently only on certain newer devices, but it serves as an example of how little Microsoft cares about your security and privacy. - -## Guides +Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now [no longer is](https://wired.com/story/microsoft-recall-off-default-security-concerns)). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically [enabling folder backups to OneDrive](https://neowin.net/news/windows-11-is-now-automatically-enabling-onedrive-folder-backup-without-asking-permission) on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission. You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any third-party tools with these guides: @@ -19,44 +17,47 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi - Application Sandboxing (coming soon) - Security Hardening (coming soon) -This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation usable compared to other operating systems. Additional guides are coming soon! +
+

This section is new

-## Privacy History +This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems. -Especially since the release of Windows 8, Microsoft has demonstrated extremely privacy-invasive behavior with their operating system releases, consistently taking advantage of the fact that Windows is the most widely-used desktop operating system. Windows 10 was widely [criticized](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings) for having default settings that sent a lot of data and telemetry back to Microsoft, [including](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) "User's contacts and calendar events, location data and history, 'telemetry' (diagnostics data) [...] and 'advertising ID', as well as further data when the Cortana assistant is enabled" (which it is by default). Windows 10 also made it much more challenging to change default applications (such as your web browser) away from Microsoft-provided apps, which is behavior that still persists today. +
-At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce the teletetry](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) sent to them. +## Privacy Notes -Windows 11 has introduced even more privacy-invasive behavior, including: +Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them. -- Being forced to use a Microsoft account instead of a local account on Home editions, and still hiding away local account options on Pro editions and higher. -- Enabling virtually all data collection options by default. -- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove. -- Adding (cloud-based) AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. -- Unnecessarily storing massive amounts of sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. +With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as: -Microsoft often abuses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device that collects your data and is enabled by default. +- Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account. +- Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows **Pro** and **Enterprise**. +- Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out". +- Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users. +- Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed. +- Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps. +- Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. Even data which is stored locally and not sent to Microsoft is still a target for hackers or malware on your device. -Some privacy features in Windows 11 are locked to devices in the European Union. We have not yet found a way to reliably access those settings worldwide. +Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some [privacy features](https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2023/11/16/previewing-changes-in-windows-to-comply-with-the-digital-markets-act-in-the-european-economic-area) such as the option to _opt out_ of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed. ## Windows Editions -Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home Edition. Some features missing from **Windows Home Edition** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be critical. +Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary. -**Windows Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. +Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you. -The best version available for _retail_ purchase is **Windows Pro Edition**. This version does not allow you to set some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately, but does have nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. +The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately. -Students and teachers may be able to obtain **Windows Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Windows Pro Education** (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. +Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions. -It is not recommended to use forks or modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks. +It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure. ## Obtaining Windows Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these keys will work on Windows 10 as well, so you can still purchase a Windows 11 Pro key to activate a Windows 10 install. -The official [Media Creation tool](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles with installing. +The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing. -This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro edition installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise Edition. However, if you have an Enterprise Edition license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. Just install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro Edition install will upgrade to Enterprise Edition automatically after entering a valid license key. +This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key. -If you are installing an Education edition, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. +If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal. diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.ar.txt b/includes/abbreviations.ar.txt index f1806439..3eae37dd 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.ar.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.ar.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.bn-IN.txt b/includes/abbreviations.bn-IN.txt index b6e948d5..b093015a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.bn-IN.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.bn-IN.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.bn.txt b/includes/abbreviations.bn.txt index 40a47c7d..c7fcc13e 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.bn.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.bn.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.cs.txt b/includes/abbreviations.cs.txt index 85303cf7..48528b31 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.cs.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.cs.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Hodnoty oddělené čárkou *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Systém doménových jmen diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.de.txt b/includes/abbreviations.de.txt index 3ac67269..449d8c91 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.de.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.de.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Kommandozeilen-Schnittstelle *[CSV]: Kommagetrennte Werte *[CVE]: Häufige Schwachstellen und Gefährdungen +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digitaler Nachlass]: Funktionen, die es ermöglichen nach dem eigenen Tod anderen Menschen Zugang zu Daten zu gewähren *[DNSSEC]: Domänennamensystem-Sicherheitserweiterungen *[DNS]: Domänennamensystem diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.el.txt b/includes/abbreviations.el.txt index 536f11c8..d54f9b03 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.el.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.el.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Διεπαφή Γραμμής Εντολών (αγγλικά: Command-Line Interface) *[CSV]: Τιμές Διαχωρισμένες με Κόμμα *[CVE]: Κοινές Ευπάθειες και Εκθέσεις +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[λειτουργία ψηφιακής κληροδοσίας]: Η Ψηφιακή Κληροδοσία (αγγλικά: Digital Legacy) αναφέρεται στη δυνατότητα να δώσεις σε άλλα άτομα πρόσβαση στα δεδομένα σου όταν πεθάνεις *[DNSSEC]: Σύστημα Ονομάτων Τομέων – Επεκτάσεις Ασφάλειας *[DNS]: Σύστημα Ονομάτων Τομέων diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.eo.txt b/includes/abbreviations.eo.txt index b6e948d5..b093015a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.eo.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.eo.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.es.txt b/includes/abbreviations.es.txt index 75d734af..85732ee1 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.es.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.es.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interfaz de Línea de Comando *[CSV]: Valores Separados por Coma *[CVE]: Vulnerabilidades y Exposiciones Comunes +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[función de legado digital]: Legado Digital se refiere a funciones que te permiten darle a otras personas acceso a tus datos cuando fallezcas *[DNSSEC]: Extensiones de Seguridad del Sistema de Nombres de Dominio *[DNS]: Sistema de Nombre de Dominio diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.fa.txt b/includes/abbreviations.fa.txt index 494247ad..00afda1a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.fa.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.fa.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: رابط خط فرمان *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.fr.txt b/includes/abbreviations.fr.txt index 0519c462..1910b5ea 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.fr.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.fr.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interface de ligne de commande *[CSV]: Valeurs séparées par des virgules *[CVE]: Vulnérabilités et expositions courantes +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[fonctionnalité d'héritage numérique]: L'héritage numérique désigne les fonctions qui vous permettent de donner à d'autres personnes l'accès à vos données après votre décès *[DNSSEC]: Extensions de sécurité du système de nom de domaine *[DNS]: Système de nom de domaine diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.he.txt b/includes/abbreviations.he.txt index 17f321ae..d0eb7786 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.he.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.he.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: ממשק שורת הפקודה *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: פגיעויות וחשיפות נפוצות +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[תכונה דיגיטלית מדור קודם]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: תוספי אבטחה של מערכת שמות דומיין *[DNS]: מערכת שמות מתחם diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.hi.txt b/includes/abbreviations.hi.txt index b6e948d5..b093015a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.hi.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.hi.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.hu.txt b/includes/abbreviations.hu.txt index faf62884..2d5cb673 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.hu.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.hu.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface - Parancssor Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digitális örökség funkció]: A digitális hagyaték olyan funkciókra utal, amelyek lehetővé teszik, hogy halál esetén más személyek is hozzáférhessenek az adataidhoz *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions - Domain Név Rendszer Biztonsági Kiterjesztések *[DNS]: Domain Name System - Domain Név Rendszer diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.id.txt b/includes/abbreviations.id.txt index 4a4beb3f..5c1be835 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.id.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.id.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Antarmuka Baris Perintah *[CSV]: Nilai yang Dipisahkan dengan Koma *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy mengacu pada fitur yang memungkinkan Anda untuk memberikan akses data kepada orang lain ketika Anda meninggal dunia *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.it.txt b/includes/abbreviations.it.txt index 4bcae424..37b29ec2 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.it.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.it.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interfaccia a linea di comando *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[funzione di eredità digitale]: Digital Legacy si riferisce a funzioni che consentono di dare ad altre persone l'accesso ai propri dati quando si muore *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.ja.txt b/includes/abbreviations.ja.txt index d9376f95..42bc1d8d 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.ja.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.ja.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: コマンドライン インターフェース *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[デジタルレガシー機能]： あなたが亡くなったときに、他の人にあなたのデータへのアクセスを許可する機能。 *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: ドメインネームシステム diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.ko.txt b/includes/abbreviations.ko.txt index 343f3b38..cfa73f0e 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.ko.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.ko.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: 명령어 인터페이스 *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: 공통 보안 취약점 및 노출(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[디지털 유산 상속 기능]: 디지털 유산(Digital Legacy) 상속 기능은 사용자가 사망했을 때 사망자의 데이터에 접근 가능한 사람을 지정할 수 있는 기능을 말합니다. *[DNSSEC]: DNS Security Extensions *[DNS]: 도메인 네임 시스템 diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.ku-IQ.txt b/includes/abbreviations.ku-IQ.txt index b6e948d5..b093015a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.ku-IQ.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.ku-IQ.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.nl.txt b/includes/abbreviations.nl.txt index a9e3ff07..934550b6 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.nl.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.nl.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digitale erfenis functie]: Digital Legacy verwijst naar functies waarmee je andere mensen toegang kunt geven tot jouw gegevens wanneer je overlijdt *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.pl.txt b/includes/abbreviations.pl.txt index 951c5d48..3cfcb5b6 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.pl.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.pl.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interfejs wiersza poleceń *[CSV]: Wartości rozdzielone przecinkiem *[CVE]: Typowe podatności i zagrożenia +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[Cyfrowe dziedziczenie]: Cyfrowe dziedzictwo odnosi się do funkcji, które pozwalają dać innym osobom dostęp do danych po śmierci użytkownika *[DNSSEC]: Rozszerzenie zabezpieczeń dla systemu DNS *[DNS]: System nazw domen diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.pt-BR.txt b/includes/abbreviations.pt-BR.txt index 62076731..dacf8e11 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.pt-BR.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.pt-BR.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interface de Linha de Comando *[CSV]: Valores Separados por Vírgulas *[CVE]: Vulnerabilidades e Exposições Comuns +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things Caraterística digital herdada: Legado Digital refere-se a recursos que permitem que você dê a outras pessoas acesso aos seus dados quando você morre *[DNSSEC]: Extensões de Segurança do Sistema de Nomes de Domínio *[DNS]: Sistema de Nomes de Domínio diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.pt.txt b/includes/abbreviations.pt.txt index d48cf9e5..49d08fa1 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.pt.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.pt.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Interface de Linha de Comando *[CSV]: Valores separados por vírgulas *[CVE]: Vulnerabilidades e exposições comuns +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[funcionalidade digital herdada]: O legado digital refere-se a funcionalidades que lhe permitem dar a outras pessoas acesso aos seus dados quando morre *[DNSSEC]: Extensões de segurança do sistema de nomes de domínio *[DNS]: Sistema de nomes de domínio diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.ru.txt b/includes/abbreviations.ru.txt index e4840716..e773f780 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.ru.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.ru.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Интерфейс командной строки *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values, формат таблиц *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[функция цифрового наследия]: Цифровое наследие относится к функциям, которые позволяют вам предоставить другим людям доступ к вашим данным после вашей смерти *[DNSSEC]: Модули безопасности службы доменных имен *[DNS]: Система доменных имен diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.sv.txt b/includes/abbreviations.sv.txt index cbc04bbd..0f791edd 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.sv.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.sv.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Kommandoradsgränssnitt *[CSV]: Kommaseparerade värden *[CVE]: Vanliga sårbarheter och exponeringar +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[funktion för digitalt arv]: Digitalt arv avser funktioner som gör att du kan ge andra personer tillgång till dina uppgifter när du dör *[DNSSEC]: Säkerhetstillägg för domännamnssystem *[DNS]: Domännamnssystem diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.tr.txt b/includes/abbreviations.tr.txt index 8d19da86..7206a95a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.tr.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.tr.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Komut Satırı Arayüzü *[CSV]: CSV Dosyası *[CVE]: Yaygın Zafiyetler ve Açıklar +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[dijital miras özelliği]: Dijital Miras, öldüğünüzde başkalarının bilgilerinize erişmesine izin vermenizi sağlayan özelliklere denir *[DNSSEC]: Alan Adı Sistemi Güvenlik Eklentileri *[DNS]: Alan Adı Sistemi diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.uk.txt b/includes/abbreviations.uk.txt index 329f6bc8..782dd4a1 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.uk.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.uk.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Інтерфейс командного рядка (Command Line Interface) *[CSV]: Значення, розділені комами (Comma-Separated Values) *[CVE]: Поширені вразливості та ризики (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Розширення безпеки системи доменних імен (Domain Name System Security Extensions) *[DNS]: Система доменних імен (Domain Name System) diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.vi.txt b/includes/abbreviations.vi.txt index b6e948d5..b093015a 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.vi.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.vi.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: Command Line Interface *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[digital legacy feature]: Digital Legacy refers to features that allow you to give other people access to your data when you die *[DNSSEC]: Domain Name System Security Extensions *[DNS]: Domain Name System diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.zh-Hant.txt b/includes/abbreviations.zh-Hant.txt index 0848383c..9263dc5b 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.zh-Hant.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.zh-Hant.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: 命令列介面 *[CSV]: Comma-Separated Values (以逗號分開數值的文件) *[CVE]: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (常見漏洞和暴露) +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[數位遺產功能]: 數位遺產是指在您死亡之後，允許讓其他人取用您留下的資料。 *[DNSSEC]: 網域名稱系統安全擴充套件 *[DNS]: 域名系統 diff --git a/includes/abbreviations.zh.txt b/includes/abbreviations.zh.txt index 00b6b131..5201100c 100644 --- a/includes/abbreviations.zh.txt +++ b/includes/abbreviations.zh.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ *[CLI]: 命令行界面 *[CSV]: 逗号分隔值 *[CVE]: 常见漏洞和风险 +*[dark pattern]: A deceptive design pattern intended to trick a user into doing things *[数字遗产功能]: 数字遗产指的是允许您在去世后让其他人访问您的数据的功能 *[DNSSEC]: 域名系统安全扩展 *[DNS]: 域名系统