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rework instant messenger section according to centralized/decentralized/distributed network typology

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Stephen L 2021-05-24 23:49:26 +02:00
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69
_includes/sections/instant-messenger.html
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@ -6,18 +6,21 @@
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<strong>If you are currently using an Instant Messenger like Telegram, LINE, Viber, <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/10/where-whatsapp-went-wrong-effs-four-biggest-security-concerns">WhatsApp</a>, or plain SMS, you should pick an alternative here.</strong></div>
<p>We only recommend instant messenger programs or apps that support <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption">end-to-end encryption (E2EE)</a>. When E2EE is used, all transmissions (messages, voice, video, etc.) are encrypted <strong>before</strong> they are sent from your device. E2EE protects both the authenticity and confidentiality of the transmission as they pass through any part of the network (servers, etc.).</p>
<p>We only recommend instant messenger programs or apps that support <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption">end-to-end encryption (E2EE)</a>. When E2EE is used, all transmissions (messages, voice, video, etc.) are encrypted <strong>before</strong> they are sent from your device. E2EE protects both the authenticity and confidentiality of the transmission as they pass through any part of the network (servers, etc.).</p>
<p>All the client programs/apps we chose are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software">free and open-source software</a> unless otherwise mentioned. This to ensure that the code can be independently verified by experts now and in the future.</p>
<p>All the client programs/apps we chose are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software">free and open-source software</a> unless otherwise mentioned. This to ensure that the code can be independently verified by experts now and in the future.</p>
<p>We have described the three main types of messaging programs that exist: Centralized, Federated and Peer-to-Peer (P2P), with the advantages and disadvantages of each.</p>
<p>We have described the three main types of messaging programs that exist: Centralized, Federated and Peer-to-Peer (P2P), with the advantages and disadvantages of each.</p>
<h2 id="centralized" class="anchor">
<a href="#centralized"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Centralized
</h2>
<h2 id="centralized" class="anchor">
<a href="#centralized"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Centralized
</h2>
<p>Centralized messengers are those where every participant is on the same server or network of servers controlled by the same organization.</p>
<div class="clearfix">
<img src="/assets/img/svg/layout/network-centralized.svg" width="150" height="150" class="img-fluid float-left ml-2" alt="Centralized network" />
<p>Centralized messengers are those where every participant is on the same server or network of servers controlled by the same organization.</p>
</div>
{%
include cardv2.html
@ -64,10 +67,13 @@
<div>
<h2 id="federated" class="anchor">
<a href="#federated"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Federated
Federated (decentralized)
</h2>
<p>Federated messengers use multiple, independent servers that are able to talk to each other (email is one example of a federated service). Federation allows system administrators to control their own server and still be a part of the larger communications network.</p>
<div class="clearfix">
<img src="/assets/img/svg/layout/network-decentralized.svg" width="200" class="img-fluid float-left ml-2" alt="Decentralized network" />
<p>Federated messengers use multiple, independent servers that are able to talk to each other (email is one example of a federated service). Federation allows system administrators to control their own server and still be a part of the larger communications network.</p>
</div>
{%
include cardv2.html
@ -120,12 +126,28 @@
<li><a href="https://status.im">Status.im</a> - Encrypted instant messenger with an integrated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum">Ethereum</a> wallet (cryptocurrency) that also includes support for <a href="https://our.status.im/tag/dapps">DApps (decentralized apps)</a> (web apps in a curated store). Uses the <a href="https://our.status.im/status-launches-private-peer-to-peer-messaging-protocol/">Waku protocol (a fork of Whisper)</a> for P2P communication. Only available for iOS and Android.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="peer-to-peer" class="anchor">
<a href="#peer-to-peer"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Peer to Peer (P2P)
<h2 id="distributed" class="anchor">
<a href="#distributed"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Distributed
</h2>
<p>Peer-to-Peer instant messengers connect directly to each other without requiring third-party servers. Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing">distributed computing</a> network. Examples of this include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table">DHT (distributed hash table)</a> (used with technologies like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)">torrents</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a>, for example). Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the <a href="https://www.scuttlebutt.nz">Scuttlebutt</a> social networking protocol). Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct connection between them is made.</p>
<div class="clearfix">
<p>
<img src="/assets/img/svg/layout/network-distributed.svg" width="150" height="150" class="img-fluid float-left ml-2" alt="Distributed network" />
Distributed network messengers connect through a network of nodes that relay messages to the recipient without a third-party server. Connection can then be established directly as with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer networks</a>, or indirectly through a rendez-vu node as in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing">onion routing networks</a>.
</p>
<p>Peer-to-Peer instant messengers connect directly to each other without requiring third-party servers. Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing">distributed computing</a> network. Examples of this include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_hash_table">DHT (distributed hash table)</a> (used with technologies like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)">torrents</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a>, for example). Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the <a href="https://www.scuttlebutt.nz">Scuttlebutt</a> social networking protocol). Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct connection between them is made.</p>
<p>Non peer-to-peer distributed networks route encrypted messages through a network of user operated nodes. The sender and recipient never interact directly, and hence there is no leak of IP addresses. With onion routing (eg, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)">Tor</a>), nodes cannot decrypt messages, only the recipient can. Another example is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">blockchain</a> technology, although there is no guarantee of anonymity.</p>
<p>Softwares can combine multiple approaches, such as Briar using peer-to-peer for local network and Tor for remote connections over the internet, whereas Session always uses onion routing over a blockchain to incentivize nodes.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="peer-to-peer" class="anchor">
<a href="#peer-to-peer"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
</h3>
{%
include cardv2.html
@ -181,19 +203,16 @@
</div>
</div>
<div>
<h2 id="nodal" class="anchor">
<a href="#nodal"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Nodal
</h2>
<p>Nodal networks route encrypted messages through a network of user operated nodes. The nodes cannot decrypt messages, only the recipient can decrypt. Examples of this include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing">Onion routing</a> (used with technologies like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)">Tor</a>) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain">Blockchains</a>. A direct connection is never made, ensuring that the recipient cannot access the sender's metadata (eg, IP address). If the network uses onion routing, then the nodes can't either.</p>
<h3 id="Non peer-to-peer" class="anchor">
<a href="#non-peer-to-peer"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a>
Non Peer-to-Peer
</h3>
{%
include cardv2.html
title="Session"
image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/session.svg"
description="Encrypted instant messenger using 3-hop onion routing to transmit communications via <a href=//oxen.io/>Oxen blockchain</a>'s nodes that are <a href=//https://oxendashboard.com/#5>distributed worldwide</a>. All communications are E2EE encrypted by default, supporting 1-on-1, private group and public group textual chatrooms. The protocol was independently <a href=//getsession.org/session-code-audit/>audited</a> (<a href=//arxiv.org/abs/2002.04609>whitepaper</a>)."
description="Encrypted instant messenger using 3-hop onion routing to transmit communications via <a href=//oxen.io/>Oxen blockchain</a>'s nodes that are <a href=//oxendashboard.com/#5>distributed worldwide</a>. All communications are E2EE encrypted by default, supporting 1-on-1, private group and public group textual chatrooms. The protocol was independently <a href=//getsession.org/session-code-audit/>audited</a> (<a href=//arxiv.org/abs/2002.04609>whitepaper</a>)."
website="https://getsession.org/"
privacy-policy="https://getsession.org/privacy-policy/"
github="https://github.com/oxen-io/session-desktop"
@ -209,16 +228,16 @@
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Advantages</h3>
<ul>
<li>Minimal to no information is exposed to third parties.</li>
<li>Minimal to no information is exposed to other parties, including recipients.</li>
<li>Messages can be relayed even if one of the parties is offline.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Disadvantages</h3>
<ul>
<li>Slow transfers and messages propagation.</li>
<li>Slow messages propagation.</li>
<li>Less reliable due to the random nodes routing, some nodes may be very far from the sender and receiver, adding latency or even failing to transmit messages if one of the nodes goes offline.</li>
<li>More complex to use as it requires the creation and backup of a private key.</li>
<li>More complex to use as it requires the creation and secured backup of a cryptographic private key.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

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