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---
meta_title: "Encrypted Private Email Recommendations - Privacy Guides"
title: "Layanan Surel"
icon: material/email
description: Penyedia surel ini menawarkan tempat yang baik untuk menyimpan surel Anda dengan aman, dan banyak yang menawarkan enkripsi OpenPGP yang dapat dioperasikan dengan penyedia lain.
cover: email.webp
global:
-
- randomize-element
- "table tbody"
---
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small>
- [:material-server-network: Penyedia Layanan](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers ""){.pg-teal}
Surel bisa dibilang merupakan kebutuhan untuk menggunakan layanan daring apa pun, namun kami tidak merekomendasikannya untuk percakapan antar orang. Daripada menggunakan surel untuk menghubungi orang lain, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan media pesan instan yang mendukung kerahasiaan penerusan.
[Perpesanan Instan yang Direkomendasikan](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
## Penyedia yang Direkomendasikan
Untuk yang lainnya, kami merekomendasikan berbagai penyedia surel yang didasarkan pada model bisnis yang berkelanjutan serta fitur keamanan dan privasi bawaan. Baca [daftar lengkap kriteria kami](#criteria) untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
| Provider | OpenPGP / WKD | IMAP / SMTP | Zero Access Encryption | Anonymous Payments |
| --------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| [Proton Mail](#proton-mail) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Paid plans only | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Uang Tunai |
| [Mailbox.org](#mailboxorg) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Mail only | Uang Tunai |
| [Tuta](#tuta) | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Monero & Cash via third-party |
In addition to (or instead of) an email provider recommended here, you may wish to consider a dedicated [email aliasing service](email-aliasing.md) to protect your privacy. Among other things, these services can help protect your real inbox from spam, prevent marketers from correlating your accounts, and encrypt all incoming messages with PGP.
- [More Information :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email-aliasing.md)
## Layanan yang Kompatibel dengan OpenPGP
These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the [Web Key Directory standard](basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard), allowing for provider-agnostic E2EE emails. Sebagai contoh, pengguna Proton Mail dapat mengirim pesan E2EE ke pengguna Mailbox.org, atau Anda dapat menerima notifikasi terenkripsi OpenPGP dari layanan internet yang mendukungnya.
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
- ![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
</div>
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP your email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email, generally including the subject line! Read more about [email metadata](basics/email-security.md#email-metadata-overview).
OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. [How do I protect my private keys?](basics/email-security.md#how-do-i-protect-my-private-keys)
</div>
### Proton Mail
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![ Proton Mail logo ]( assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ align=right }
**Proton Mail** adalah layanan surel dengan fokus pada privasi, enkripsi, keamanan, dan kemudahan penggunaan. They have been in operation since 2013. Proton AG berbasis di Genewa, Swiss. The Proton Mail Free plan comes with 500MB of Mail storage, which you can increase up to 1GB for free.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/mail/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/mail){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonmail.android)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id979659905)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonMail/android-mail/releases)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.proton.me)
</details>
</div>
Akun gratis memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, seperti tidak dapat mencari teks tubuh dan tidak memiliki akses ke [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), yang diperlukan untuk menggunakan [klien surel desktop yang direkomendasikan](email-clients.md) (misalnya Thunderbird). Akun berbayar mencakup fitur-fitur seperti Proton Mail Bridge, penyimpanan tambahan, dan dukungan domain khusus. [Surat pengesahan](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) diberikan untuk aplikasi Proton Mail pada tanggal 9 November 2021 oleh [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
If you have the Proton Unlimited plan or any multi-user Proton plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are **not** shared with third parties. This can be disabled in the web app: :gear: → **All Settings** → **Account** → **Security and privacy** → **Privacy and data collection**.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Domain dan Alias Khusus
Pelanggan Proton Mail berbayar dapat menggunakan domain mereka sendiri dengan layanan ini atau alamat [yang mencakup semua](https://proton.me/support/catch-all). Proton Mail also supports [sub-addressing](https://proton.me/support/creating-aliases), which is useful for people who don't want to purchase a domain.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Metode Pembayaran Pribadi
Proton Mail [menerima](https://proton.me/support/payment-options) uang tunai melalui pos selain kartu kredit/debit standar, [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), dan pembayaran PayPal.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Keamanan Akun
Proton Mail supports TOTP [two factor authentication](https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa) and [hardware security keys](https://proton.me/support/2fa-security-key) using FIDO2 or U2F standards. The use of a hardware security key requires setting up TOTP two factor authentication first.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Data Security
Proton Mail has [zero-access encryption](https://proton.me/blog/zero-access-encryption) at rest for your emails and [calendars](https://proton.me/news/protoncalendar-security-model). Data secured with zero-access encryption is only accessible by you.
Certain information stored in [Proton Contacts](https://proton.me/support/proton-contacts), such as display names and email addresses, are not secured with zero-access encryption. Contact fields that support zero-access encryption, such as phone numbers, are indicated with a padlock icon.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Email Encryption
Proton Mail has [integrated OpenPGP encryption](https://proton.me/support/how-to-use-pgp) in their webmail. Email ke akun Proton Mail lainnya dienkripsi secara otomatis, dan enkripsi ke alamat non-Proton Mail dengan kunci OpenPGP dapat diaktifkan dengan mudah di pengaturan akun Anda. Proton also supports automatic external key discovery with [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). This means that emails sent to other providers which use WKD will be automatically encrypted with OpenPGP as well, without the need to manually exchange public PGP keys with your contacts. They also allow you to [encrypt messages to non-Proton Mail addresses without OpenPGP](https://proton.me/support/password-protected-emails), without the need for them to sign up for a Proton Mail account.
Proton Mail also publishes the public keys of Proton accounts via HTTP from their WKD. Hal ini memungkinkan orang yang tidak menggunakan Proton Mail untuk menemukan kunci OpenPGP akun Proton Mail dengan mudah, untuk lintas-penyedia E2EE. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Proton's own domains, like @proton.me. If you use a custom domain, you must [configure WKD](./basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard) separately.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination
If you have a paid account and your [bill is unpaid](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) after 14 days, you won't be able to access your data. Setelah 30 hari, akun Anda akan menjadi tunggakan dan tidak akan menerima surat masuk. Anda akan terus ditagih selama periode ini. Proton will [delete inactive free accounts](https://proton.me/support/inactive-accounts) after one year. You **cannot** reuse the email address of a deactivated account.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Fungsionalitas Tambahan
Proton Mail's [Unlimited](https://proton.me/support/proton-plans#proton-unlimited) plan also enables access to other Proton services in addition to providing multiple custom domains, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, and 500GB of storage.
Proton Mail tidak menawarkan fitur warisan digital.
### Mailbox.org
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ align=right }
**Mailbox.org** is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and privately powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. Mereka telah beroperasi sejak 2014. Mailbox.org berbasis di Berlin, Jerman. Accounts start with up to 2GB storage, which can be upgraded as needed.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailbox.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://mailbox.org/en/data-protection-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://login.mailbox.org)
</details>
</div>
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Domain dan Alias Khusus
Mailbox.org lets you use your own domain, and they support [catch-all](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/custom-domains/how-to-set-up-a-catch-all-alias-with-a-custom-domain-name) addresses. Mailbox.org also supports [sub-addressing](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/account-article/what-is-an-alias-and-how-do-i-use-it), which is useful if you don't want to purchase a domain.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Metode Pembayaran Pribadi
Mailbox.org tidak menerima Bitcoin atau mata uang kripto lainnya sebagai karena prosesor pembayaran mereka BitPay menangguhkan operasi di Jerman. However, they do accept cash by mail, cash payment to bank account, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal and couple of German-specific processors: paydirekt and Sofortüberweisung.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Keamanan Akun
Mailbox.org supports [two factor authentication](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/account-article/how-to-use-two-factor-authentication-2fa) for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a [YubiKey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey) via the [YubiCloud](https://yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud). Standar web seperti [WebAuthn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn) belum didukung.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Keamanan Data
Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their [encrypted mailbox](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/your-encrypted-mailbox). Pesan baru yang Anda terima akan segera dienkripsi dengan kunci publik Anda.
However, [Open-Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange), the software platform used by Mailbox.org, [does not support](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/security-privacy-article/encryption-of-calendar-and-address-book) the encryption of your address book and calendar. A [standalone option](calendar.md) may be more appropriate for that information.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Email Encryption
Mailbox.org has [integrated encryption](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/send-encrypted-e-mails-with-guard) in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to people with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow [remote recipients to decrypt an email](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/my-recipient-does-not-use-pgp) on Mailbox.org's servers. Fitur ini berguna ketika penerima jarak jauh tidak memiliki OpenPGP dan tidak dapat mendekripsi salinan email di kotak surat mereka sendiri.
Mailbox.org also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their [Web Key Directory (WKD)](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD). Hal ini memungkinkan orang di luar Mailbox.org untuk menemukan kunci OpenPGP dari akun Mailbox.org dengan mudah, untuk lintas-penyedia E2EE. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Mailbox.org's own domains, like @mailbox.org. If you use a custom domain, you must [configure WKD](./basics/email-security.md#what-is-the-web-key-directory-standard) separately.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination
Your account will be set to a restricted user account when your contract ends. It will be irrevocably deleted after [30 days](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/payment-article/what-happens-at-the-end-of-my-contract).
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Fungsionalitas Tambahan
You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using their [.onion service](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/faq-article/the-tor-exit-node-of-mailbox-org). However, their webmail interface cannot be accessed via their .onion service and you may experience TLS certificate errors.
All accounts come with limited cloud storage that [can be encrypted](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/drive-article/encrypt-files-on-your-drive). Mailbox.org also offers the alias [@secure.mailbox.org](https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/e-mail-article/ensuring-e-mails-are-sent-securely), which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all. Mailbox.org also supports [Exchange ActiveSync](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_ActiveSync) in addition to standard access protocols like IMAP and POP3.
Mailbox.org memiliki fitur warisan digital untuk semua paket. You can choose whether you want any of your data to be passed to heirs providing that they apply and provide your testament. Alternatively, you can nominate a person by name and address.
## Penyedia Lainnya
These providers store your emails with zero-knowledge encryption, making them great options for keeping your stored emails secure. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between different providers.
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Tuta logo](assets/img/email/tuta.svg#only-light){ .twemoji loading=lazy }![Tuta logo](assets/img/email/tuta-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Tuta](email.md#tuta)
</div>
### Tuta
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Tuta logo](assets/img/email/tuta.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Tuta logo](assets/img/email/tuta-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**Tuta** (formerly *Tutanota*) is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since 2011 and is based in Hanover, Germany. Free accounts start with 1GB of storage.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tuta.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tuta.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://tuta.com/support){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tuta.com/community){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.tutanota)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id922429609)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/releases)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://tuta.com/#download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://tuta.com/#download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://tuta.com/#download)
- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://app.tuta.com)
</details>
</div>
Tuta doesn't support the [IMAP protocol](https://tuta.com/support#imap) or the use of third-party [email clients](email-clients.md), and you also won't be able to add [external email accounts](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/544#issuecomment-670473647) to the Tuta app. [Email import](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/630) is not currently supported either, though this is [due to be changed](https://tuta.com/blog/kickoff-import). Emails can be exported [individually or by bulk selection](https://tuta.com/support#generalMail) per folder, which may be inconvenient if you have many folders.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Domain dan Alias Khusus
Paid Tuta accounts can use either 15 or 30 aliases depending on their plan and unlimited aliases on [custom domains](https://tuta.com/support#custom-domain). Tuta doesn't allow for [sub-addressing (plus addresses)](https://tuta.com/support#plus), but you can use a [catch-all](https://tuta.com/support#settings-global) with a custom domain.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Private Payment Methods
Tuta only directly accepts credit cards and PayPal, however [cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md) can be used to purchase gift cards via their [partnership](https://tuta.com/support/#cryptocurrency) with Proxystore.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Keamanan Akun
Tuta supports [two factor authentication](https://tuta.com/support#2fa) with either TOTP or U2F.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Data Security
Tuta has [zero access encryption at rest](https://tuta.com/support#what-encrypted) for your emails, [address book contacts](https://tuta.com/support#encrypted-address-book), and [calendars](https://tuta.com/support#calendar). This means the messages and other data stored in your account are only readable by you.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Email Encryption
Tuta [does not use OpenPGP](https://tuta.com/support/#pgp). Tuta accounts can only receive encrypted emails from non-Tuta email accounts when sent via a [temporary Tuta mailbox](https://tuta.com/support/#encrypted-email-external).
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination
Tuta will [delete inactive free accounts](https://tuta.com/support#inactive-accounts) after six months. You can reuse a deactivated free account if you pay.
#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Fungsionalitas Tambahan
Tuta offers the business version of [Tuta to non-profit organizations](https://tuta.com/blog/secure-email-for-non-profit) for free or with a heavy discount.
Tuta doesn't offer a digital legacy feature.
## Email Hosting Mandiri
Advanced system administrators may consider setting up their own email server. Mail servers require attention and continuous maintenance in order to keep things secure and mail delivery reliable.
### Combined software solutions
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Mailcow logo](assets/img/email/mailcow.svg){ align=right }
**Mailcow** is a more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: a mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailcow.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.mailcow.email){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://servercow.de/mailcow?lang=en#sal){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
</div>
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Mail-in-a-Box logo](assets/img/email/mail-in-a-box.svg){ align=right }
**Mail-in-a-Box** is an automated setup script for deploying a mail server on Ubuntu. Its goal is to make it easier for people to set up their own mail server.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mailinabox.email){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://mailinabox.email/guide.html){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mail-in-a-box/mailinabox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
</div>
For a more manual approach we've picked out these two articles:
- [Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd](https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd) (2019)
- [How To Run Your Own Mail Server](https://c0ffee.net/blog/mail-server-guide) (August 2017)
## Kriteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements for any email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
### Teknologi
We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal service. You should consider whether the provider which has the features you require.
**Minimum untuk Memenuhi Syarat:**
- Encrypts email account data at rest with zero-access encryption.
- Export capability as [Mbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox) or individual .eml with [RFC5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5322) standard.
- Allow users to use their own [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name). Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
- Operates on owned infrastructure, i.e. not built upon third-party email service providers.
**Kasus Terbaik:**
- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc.) at rest with zero-access encryption.
- Integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption provided as a convenience.
- Support for [WKD](https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD) to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP. GnuPG users can get a key by typing: `gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com`
- Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send an encrypted email, without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.
- Availability of the email provider's services via an [onion service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion).
- [Sub-addressing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Sub-addressing) support.
- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who use their own domains.
- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
### Privasi
Kami lebih memilih penyedia yang kami rekomendasikan untuk mengumpulkan data sesedikit mungkin.
**Minimum untuk Memenuhi Syarat:**
- Protect sender's IP address, which can involve filtering it from showing in the `Received` header field.
- Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR.
**Kasus Terbaik:**
- Accepts [anonymous payment options](advanced/payments.md) ([cryptocurrency](cryptocurrency.md), cash, gift cards, etc.)
- Hosted in a jurisdiction with strong email privacy protection laws.
### Keamanan
Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt best industry practices in order to protect their customers.
**Minimum untuk Memenuhi Syarat:**
- Protection of webmail with 2FA, such as TOTP.
- Zero access encryption, which builds on encryption at rest. The provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.
- [DNSSEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions) support.
- No TLS errors or vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as [Hardenize](https://hardenize.com), [testssl.sh](https://testssl.sh), or [Qualys SSL Labs](https://ssllabs.com/ssltest); this includes certificate related errors and weak DH parameters, such as those that led to [Logjam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjam_(computer_security)).
- A server suite preference (optional on TLSv1.3) for strong cipher suites which support forward secrecy and authenticated encryption.
- A valid [MTA-STS](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8461) and [TLS-RPT](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8460) policy.
- Valid [DANE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities) records.
- Valid [SPF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework) and [DKIM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail) records.
- Have a proper [DMARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC) record and policy or use [ARC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain) for authentication. If DMARC authentication is being used, the policy must be set to `reject` or `quarantine`.
- A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for [RFC8996](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8996).
- [SMTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS) submission, assuming SMTP is used.
- Website security standards such as:
- [HTTP Strict Transport Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
- [Subresource Integrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subresource_Integrity) if loading things from external domains.
- Must support viewing of [message headers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header), as it is a crucial forensic feature to determine if an email is a phishing attempt.
**Kasus Terbaik:**
- Support for hardware authentication, i.e. U2F and [WebAuthn](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online).
- [DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6844) in addition to DANE support.
- Implementation of [Authenticated Received Chain (ARC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain), which is useful for people who post to mailing lists [RFC8617](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8617).
- Audit keamanan yang dipublikasikan dari perusahaan pihak ketiga yang memiliki reputasi baik.
- Program bug-bounty dan/atau proses pengungkapan kerentanan yang terkoordinasi.
- Website security standards such as:
- [Content Security Policy (CSP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy)
- [RFC9163 Expect-CT](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9163)
### Kepercayaan
Anda tidak akan mempercayakan keuangan Anda pada seseorang dengan identitas palsu, jadi mengapa mempercayakan surel Anda pada mereka? Kami mewajibkan penyedia layanan yang kami rekomendasikan untuk terbuka mengenai kepemilikan atau kepemimpinan mereka. Kami juga ingin melihat laporan transparansi yang lebih sering, terutama dalam hal bagaimana permintaan pemerintah ditangani.
**Minimum untuk Memenuhi Syarat:**
- Kepemimpinan atau kepemilikan yang berhadapan dengan publik.
**Kasus Terbaik:**
- Laporan transparansi yang sering.
### Pemasaran
With the email providers we recommend, we like to see responsible marketing.
**Minimum untuk Memenuhi Syarat:**
- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc.). The provider's site must also comply with [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) for those who wish to opt out.
Must not have any irresponsible marketing, which can include the following:
- Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
- Menjamin perlindungan anonimitas 100%. Ketika seseorang membuat klaim bahwa sesuatu itu 100%, itu berarti tidak ada kepastian untuk gagal. We know people can quite easily de-anonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
- Menggunakan kembali informasi pribadi (akun surel, nama samaran unik, dll.) yang mereka akses tanpa perangkat lunak anonimitas (Tor, VPN, dll.)
- [Sidik jari peramban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint)
**Kasus Terbaik:**
- Clear and easy to read documentation for tasks like setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.
### Fungsionalitas Tambahan
While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.
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