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134 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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meta_title: "Moteurs de recherche recommandés : alternatives anonymes à Google - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Moteurs de recherche"
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icon: material/search-web
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description: Privacy-respecting search engines which don't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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cover: search-engines.webp
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global:
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-
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- randomize-element
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- "table tbody"
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---
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<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small>
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- [:material-account-cash: Capitalisme de surveillance](basics/common-threats.md#surveillance-as-a-business-model ""){.pg-brown}
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Use a **search engine** that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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## Fournisseurs recommandés
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The recommendations here do not collect personally identifying information (PII) based on each service's privacy policy. Il n'y a **aucune garantie** que ces politiques de confidentialité soient respectées.
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Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](tor.md) if your threat model requires hiding your IP address from the search provider.
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| Fournisseur | Search Index | Tor Hidden Service | Logging / Privacy Policy | Country of Operation |
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| ----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
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| [Brave Search](#brave-search) | [Independent](https://brave.com/search-independence) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^1] | United States |
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| [DuckDuckGo](#duckduckgo) | [Bing](https://help.duckduckgo.com/results/sources) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^2] | United States |
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| [Startpage](#startpage) | [Google and Bing](https://support.startpage.com/hc/articles/4522435533844-What-is-the-relationship-between-Startpage-and-your-search-partners-like-Google-and-Microsoft-Bing) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^3] | Netherlands |
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### Brave Search
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Brave Search** is a search engine developed by Brave. L'index est optimisé en se basant sur Google Search et peut donc fournir des résultats contextuellement plus précis que d'autres solutions.
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Brave Search includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave.com/help/discussions), which highlights conversation-focused results such as forum posts.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://search.brave.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://search.brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://search.brave.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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</div>
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Note that if you use Brave Search while logged in to a Premium account, it may make it easier for Brave to correlate queries with specific users.
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We recommend you disable [Anonymous usage metrics](https://search.brave.com/help/usage-metrics) as it is enabled by default and can be disabled within settings.
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### DuckDuckGo
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**DuckDuckGo** est l'un des moteurs de recherche privés les plus populaires. Notable DuckDuckGo search features include [bangs](https://duckduckgo.com/bang) and a variety of [instant answers](https://help.duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/features/instant-answers-and-other-features). The search engine uses numerous [sources](https://help.duckduckgo.com/results/sources) other than Bing for instant answers and other non-primary results.
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DuckDuckGo is the default search engine for the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) and is one of the few available options on Apple’s [Safari](mobile-browsers.md#safari-ios) browser.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://duckduckgo.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://help.duckduckgo.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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</div>
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DuckDuckGo offers two [other versions](https://help.duckduckgo.com/features/non-javascript) of their search engine, both of which do not require JavaScript. Ces versions manquent toutefois de fonctionnalités. These versions can also be used in conjunction with their Tor hidden address by appending [/lite](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/lite) or [/html](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/html) for the respective version.
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### Startpage
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Startpage** is a private search engine. One of Startpage's unique features is the [Anonymous View](https://startpage.com/en/anonymous-view), which puts forth efforts to standardize user activity to make it more difficult to be uniquely identified. The feature can be useful for hiding [some](https://support.startpage.com/hc/articles/4455540212116-The-Anonymous-View-Proxy-technical-details) network and browser properties. Contrairement à ce que son nom suggère, il ne faut pas compter sur cette fonction pour assurer l'anonymat. Si vous recherchez l'anonymat, utilisez plutôt le [Navigateur Tor](tor.md#tor-browser).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://startpage.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://startpagel6srwcjlue4zgq3zevrujfaow726kjytqbbjyrswwmjzcqd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.startpage.com/hc/categories/4481917470356-Startpage-Search-Engine){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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</div>
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L'actionnaire majoritaire de Startpage est System1 qui est une société de technologie publicitaire. Nous ne pensons pas que ce soit un problème car ils ont une [politique de confidentialité](https://system1.com/terms/privacy-policy)distincte. The Privacy Guides team reached out to Startpage [back in 2020](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2020/05/03/relisting-startpage) to clear up any concerns with System1's sizeable investment into the service, and we were satisfied with the answers we received.
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Startpage previously placed limitations on VPN and [Tor](tor.md) users, but they recently created an [official](https://support.startpage.com/hc/en-us/articles/24786602537364-Startpage-s-Tor-onion-service) Tor hidden service, and as of April 2024 we have no longer noticed extra roadblocks for Tor or [VPN](vpn.md) users.
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## Metasearch Engines
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A [metasearch engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasearch_engine) aggregates the results of other search engines, such as the ones recommended above, while not storing any information itself.
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### SearXNG
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**SearXNG** is an open-source, self-hostable, metasearch engine. C'est un fork activement maintenu de [SearX](https://github.com/searx/searx).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://searxng.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-server-16:](https://searx.space){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/searxng/searxng){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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</div>
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SearXNG est un proxy entre vous et les moteurs de recherche qu'il agrège. Vos requêtes de recherche seront toujours envoyées aux moteurs de recherche dont SearXNG tire ses résultats.
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Lorsque vous auto-hébergez, il est important que d'autres personnes utilisent également votre instance pour que vous puissiez vous fondre dans la masse. Vous devriez faire attention à l'endroit et à la manière dont vous hébergez SearXNG, car les personnes qui recherchent du contenu illégal sur votre instance pourraient attirer l'attention des autorités.
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Lorsque vous utilisez une instance SearXNG, assurez-vous d'aller lire sa politique de confidentialité. Les instances SearXNG pouvant être modifiées par leurs propriétaires, elles ne reflètent pas nécessairement leur politique de confidentialité. Certaines instances fonctionnent en tant que service caché Tor, ce qui peut garantir une certaine confidentialité tant que vos requêtes de recherche ne contiennent pas de DCP (données à caractère personnelles).
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## Critères
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**Veuillez noter que nous ne sommes affiliés à aucun des projets que nous recommandons.** En plus de [nos critères de base](about/criteria.md), nous avons développé un ensemble d'exigences claires pour nous permettre de fournir des recommandations objectives. Nous vous suggérons de vous familiariser avec cette liste avant de choisir d'utiliser un projet, et de mener vos propres recherches pour vous assurer que c'est le bon choix pour vous.
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### Exigences minimales
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- Must not collect PII per their privacy policy.
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- Must not require users to create an account with them.
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### Dans le meilleur des cas
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Nos critères de cas idéal représentent ce que nous aimerions voir d'un projet parfait dans cette catégorie. Nos recommandations peuvent ne pas inclure tout ou partie de cette fonctionnalité, mais celles qui l'inclus peuvent être mieux classées que les autres sur cette page.
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- Doit être basé sur des logiciels open-source.
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- Ne doit pas bloquer les adresses IP des nœuds de sortie Tor.
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[^1]: Brave Search collects aggregated usage metrics, which includes the OS and the user agent. However, they do not collect PII. To serve [anonymous local results](https://search.brave.com/help/anonymous-local-results), IP addresses are temporarily processed, but are not retained. [https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy)
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[^2]: DuckDuckGo **does** log your searches for product improvement purposes, but not your IP address or any other PII. [https://duckduckgo.com/privacy](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy)
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[^3]: Startpage logs details such as operating system, user agent, and language. They do not log your IP address, search queries, or other PII. [https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy](https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy)
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