i18n/i18n/uk/email.md

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Encrypted Private Email Recommendations - Privacy Guides	Сервіси електронної пошти	material/email	Ці провайдери електронної пошти пропонують чудове місце для безпечного зберігання ваших листів, а багато з них пропонують сумісне з іншими провайдерами шифрування OpenPGP.	email.webp	randomize-element table tbody

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-server-network: Постачальники послуг{.pg-teal}

Електронна пошта це практично необхідність для користування будь-яким онлайн-сервісом, проте ми не рекомендуємо використовувати її для особистих розмов. Замість того, щоб використовувати електронну пошту для зв'язку з іншими людьми, розгляньте можливість використання засобів обміну повідомленнями, які підтримують таємницю.

Рекомендовані месенджери{.md-button}

Рекомендовані DNS-провайдери

Для всього іншого ми рекомендуємо різноманітні поштові сервіси, що базуються на стійких бізнес-моделях і мають вбудовані функції безпеки та конфіденційності. Read our full list of criteria for more information.

Provider	OpenPGP / WKD	IMAP / SMTP	Zero-Access Encryption	Anonymous Payment Methods
Proton Mail	:material-check:{ .pg-green }	:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Paid plans only	:material-check:{ .pg-green }	Cash
Mailbox.org	:material-check:{ .pg-green }	:material-check:{ .pg-green }	:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Mail only	Cash
Tuta	:material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange }	:material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange }	:material-check:{ .pg-green }	Monero Cash via third party

In addition to (or instead of) an email provider recommended here, you may wish to consider a dedicated email aliasing service to protect your privacy. Among other things, these services can help protect your real inbox from spam, prevent marketers from correlating your accounts, and encrypt all incoming messages with PGP.

• More Information :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:

Сервіси, сумісні з OpenPGP

These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the Web Key Directory (WKD) standard, allowing for provider-agnostic end-to-end encrypted emails. Наприклад, користувач Proton Mail може надіслати повідомлення E2EE користувачеві Mailbox.org, або ви можете отримувати сповіщення, зашифровані за допомогою OpenPGP, від інтернет-сервісів, які його підтримують.

• { .twemoji } Proton Mail
• { .twemoji } Mailbox.org

Warning

When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP your email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email, generally including the subject line! Read more about email metadata.

OpenPGP also does not support forward secrecy, which means if the private key of either you or the message recipient is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed.

• How do I protect my private keys?

Proton Mail

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**Proton Mail — це поштовий сервіс з акцентом на конфіденційності, шифруванні, безпеці та простоті використання. They have been in operation since 2013. Proton AG is based in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Proton Free plan comes with 500 MB of Mail storage, which you can increase up to 1 GB for free.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :simple-torbrowser:{ .card-link title="Onion Service" } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }

Downloads

• :simple-googleplay: Google Play
• :simple-appstore: App Store
• :simple-github: GitHub
• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux
• :octicons-browser-16: Web

Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to Proton Mail Bridge, which is required to use a recommended desktop email client (e.g., Thunderbird). Платні акаунти включають такі функції, як Proton Mail Bridge, додаткове сховище та підтримку власних доменів. If you have the Proton Unlimited plan or any multi-user Proton plan, you also get SimpleLogin Premium for free.

Атестаційний лист для додатків Proton Mail було надано 9 листопада 2021 року компанією Securitum.

Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are not shared with third parties. This can be disabled in the web app: ⚙️ → All Settings → Account → Security and privacy → Privacy and data collection.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Користувацькі домени та аліаси

Абоненти оплачуваних планів Proton Mail можуть використовувати власний домен з сервісом або всеохоплюючу адресу. Proton Mail also supports sub-addressing, which is useful for people who don't want to purchase a domain.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Конфіденційні способи оплати

Proton Mail accepts cash by mail in addition to standard credit/debit card, Bitcoin, and PayPal payments.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Безпека облікового запису

Proton Mail supports TOTP two-factor authentication and hardware security keys using FIDO2 or U2F standards. The use of a hardware security key requires setting up TOTP two-factor authentication first.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Безпека даних

Proton Mail має шифрування з нульовим доступом у стані спокою для ваших електронних листів та календарів. Дані, захищені шифруванням з нульовим доступом, доступні лише вам.

Певна інформація, що зберігається в Proton Contacts, наприклад, імена користувачів та адреси електронної пошти, не захищена шифруванням з нульовим доступом. Поля контактів, які підтримують шифрування з нульовим доступом, наприклад, номери телефонів, позначені значком замка.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Шифрування електронної пошти

Proton Mail має інтегроване OpenPGP шифрування у своїй електронній пошті. Електронні листи на інші акаунти Proton Mail шифруються автоматично, а шифрування на адреси, що не належать до Proton Mail, за допомогою ключа OpenPGP можна легко ввімкнути в налаштуваннях вашого акаунта. Proton also supports automatic external key discovery with WKD. This means that emails sent to other providers which use WKD will be automatically encrypted with OpenPGP as well, without the need to manually exchange public PGP keys with your contacts. They also allow you to encrypt messages to non-Proton Mail addresses without OpenPGP, without the need for them to sign up for a Proton Mail account.

Proton Mail also publishes the public keys of Proton accounts via HTTP from their WKD. This allows people who don't use Proton Mail to find the OpenPGP keys of Proton Mail accounts easily for cross-provider E2EE. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Proton's own domains, like @proton.me. If you use a custom domain, you must configure WKD separately.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Деактивація облікового запису

Якщо у вас платний акаунт і ваш рахунок не сплачений протягом 14 днів, ви не зможете отримати доступ до своїх даних. Через 30 днів ваш акаунт стане простроченим і не буде отримувати вхідну пошту. Протягом цього періоду ви продовжуватимете отримувати рахунки. Proton will delete inactive free accounts after one year. You cannot reuse the email address of a deactivated account.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Додаткова функціональність

Proton Mail's Unlimited plan also enables access to other Proton services in addition to providing multiple custom domains, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, and 500 GB of storage.

Mailbox.org

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Mailbox.org is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. Вони працюють з 2014 року. Mailbox.org базується в Берліні, Німеччина.

Accounts start with up to 2 GB storage, which can be upgraded as needed.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" }

Downloads

• :octicons-browser-16: Web

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Користувацькі домени та аліаси

Mailbox.org lets you use your own domain, and they support catch-all addresses. Mailbox.org also supports sub-addressing, which is useful if you don't want to purchase a domain.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Конфіденційні способи оплати

Mailbox.org не приймає жодних криптовалют, оскільки їхній платіжний процесор BitPay призупинив роботу в Німеччині. However, they do accept cash by mail, cash payment to bank account, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal, and a couple of German-specific processors: Paydirekt and Sofortüberweisung.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Безпека облікового запису

Mailbox.org supports two-factor authentication for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a YubiKey via the YubiCloud. Web standards such as WebAuthn are not yet supported.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Безпека даних

Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their encrypted mailbox. Нові повідомлення, які ви отримуєте, будуть негайно зашифровані вашим публічним ключем.

However, Open-Xchange, the software platform used by Mailbox.org, does not support the encryption of your address book and calendar. A standalone option may be more appropriate for that data.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Шифрування електронної пошти

Mailbox.org has integrated encryption in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to people with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow remote recipients to decrypt an email on Mailbox.org's servers. Ця функція корисна, коли віддалений одержувач не має OpenPGP і не може розшифрувати копію листа у власній поштовій скриньці.

Mailbox.org also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their WKD. This allows people outside of Mailbox.org to find the OpenPGP keys of Mailbox.org accounts easily for cross-provider E2EE. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Mailbox.org's own domains, like @mailbox.org. If you use a custom domain, you must configure WKD separately.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Деактивація облікового запису

Your account will be set to a restricted user account when your contract ends. It will be irrevocably deleted after 30 days.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Додаткова функціональність

You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using their .onion service. However, their webmail interface cannot be accessed via their .onion service, and you may experience TLS certificate errors.

All accounts come with limited cloud storage that can be encrypted. Mailbox.org also offers the alias @secure.mailbox.org, which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all. Mailbox.org також підтримує Exchange ActiveSync на додаток до стандартних протоколів доступу, таких як IMAP і POP3.

Mailbox.org має функцію цифрової спадщини для всіх тарифних планів. You can choose whether you want any of your data to be passed to heirs, providing that they apply and provide your testament. Крім того, ви можете номінувати людину за ім'ям та адресою.

Більше провайдерів

Ці провайдери зберігають ваші електронні листи за допомогою шифрування з нульовим рівнем доступу, що робить їх чудовими варіантами для захисту ваших збережених електронних листів. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between different providers.

• { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } Tuta

Tuta

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Tuta (formerly Tutanota) is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since 2011 and is based in Hanover, Germany.

Free accounts start with 1 GB of storage.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Downloads

• :simple-googleplay: Google Play
• :simple-appstore: App Store
• :simple-github: GitHub
• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux
• :octicons-browser-16: Web

Tuta doesn't support the IMAP protocol or the use of third-party email clients, and you also won't be able to add external email accounts to the Tuta app. Email import is not currently supported either, though this is due to be changed. Emails can be exported individually or by bulk selection per folder, which may be inconvenient if you have many folders.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Користувацькі домени та аліаси

Paid Tuta accounts can use either 15 or 30 aliases depending on their plan and unlimited aliases on custom domains. Tuta doesn't allow for sub-addressing (plus addresses), but you can use a catch-all with a custom domain.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Конфіденційні способи оплати

Tuta only directly accepts credit cards and PayPal, however cryptocurrency can be used to purchase gift cards via their partnership with ProxyStore.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Безпека облікового запису

Tuta supports two-factor authentication with either TOTP or U2F.

:material-check:{ .pg-green } Безпека даних

Tuta has zero-access encryption at rest for your emails, address book contacts, and calendars. Це означає, що повідомлення та інші дані, які зберігаються у вашому акаунті, можете читати тільки ви.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Шифрування електронної пошти

Tuta does not use OpenPGP. Tuta accounts can only receive encrypted emails from non-Tuta email accounts when sent via a temporary Tuta mailbox.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Деактивація облікового запису

Tuta will delete inactive free accounts after six months. Ви можете повторно використовувати деактивований безкоштовний акаунт, якщо заплатите.

:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Додаткова функціональність

Tuta offers the business version of Tuta to non-profit organizations for free or with a heavy discount.

Самостійний хостинг електронної пошти

Досвідчені системні адміністратори можуть розглянути можливість створення власного поштового сервера. Поштові сервери потребують уваги та постійного обслуговування, щоб забезпечити безпеку та надійність доставки пошти. In addition to the "all-in-one" solutions below, we've picked out a few articles that cover a more manual approach:

• Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd (2019)
• How To Run Your Own Mail Server (August 2017)

Stalwart

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Stalwart is a newer mail server written in Rust which supports JMAP in addition to the standard IMAP, POP3, and SMTP. It has a wide variety of configuration options, but it also defaults to very reasonable settings (in terms of both security and features) making it easy to use immediately. It has web-based administration with TOTP 2FA support, and it allows you to enter your public PGP key to encrypt all incoming messages.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Stalwart's PGP implementation is unique among our self-hosted recommendations, and allows you to operate your own mail server with zero-knowledge message storage. If you additionally configure Web Key Directory on your domain, and if you use an email client which supports PGP and Web Key Directory for outgoing mail (like Thunderbird), then this is the easiest way to get self-hosted E2EE compatibility with all Proton Mail users.

Stalwart does not have an integrated webmail, so you will need to use it with a dedicated email client (or find an open-source webmail to self-host, like Nextcloud's Mail app). We use Stalwart for our own internal email at Privacy Guides.

Mailcow

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Mailcow — це більш просунутий поштовий сервер, який ідеально підходить для тих, хто має трохи більше досвіду роботи з Linux. It has everything you need in a Docker container: a mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Mail-in-a-Box

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Mail-in-a-Box — це автоматизований скрипт для розгортання поштового сервера на Ubuntu. Його мета — полегшити людям створення власного поштового сервера.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }

Критерії

Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. In addition to our standard criteria, we have developed a clear set of requirements for any email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the email provider you choose is the right choice for you.

Технологія

We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal service. You should consider whether the provider which has the features you require.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Must encrypt email account data at rest with zero-access encryption.
• Must be capable of exporting emails as Mbox or individual .EML with RFC5322 standard.
• Allow users to use their own domain name. Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
• Must operate on owned infrastructure, i.e. not built upon third-party email service providers.

Best Case:

• Should encrypt all account data (contacts, calendars, etc.) at rest with zero-access encryption.
• Should provide integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption as a convenience.
• Should support WKD to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP. GnuPG users can get a key with this command: gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com.
• Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send an encrypted email without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.
• Should support sub-addressing.
• Should allow users to use their own domain name. Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
• Catch-all or alias functionality for those who use their own domains.
• Should use standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or JMAP. Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
• Email provider's services should be available via an onion service.

Privacy

We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Must protect sender's IP address, which can involve filtering it from showing in the Received header field.
• Must not require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
• Privacy policy must meet the requirements defined by the GDPR.

Best Case:

• Should accept anonymous payment options (cryptocurrency, cash, gift cards, etc.)
• Should be hosted in a jurisdiction with strong email privacy protection laws.

Security

Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt industry best practices in order to protect their customers.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Protection of webmail with 2FA, such as TOTP.
• Zero-access encryption, which builds on encryption at rest. The provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.
• DNSSEC support.
• No TLS errors or vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as Hardenize, testssl.sh, or Qualys SSL Labs; this includes certificate related errors and weak DH parameters, such as those that led to Logjam.
• A server suite preference (optional on TLS 1.3) for strong cipher suites which support forward secrecy and authenticated encryption.
• A valid MTA-STS and TLS-RPT policy.
• Valid DANE records.
• Valid SPF and DKIM records.
• Must have a proper DMARC record and policy or use ARC for authentication. If DMARC authentication is being used, the policy must be set to reject or quarantine.
• A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for RFC8996.
• SMTPS submission, assuming SMTP is used.
• Website security standards such as:
  • HTTP Strict Transport Security
  • Subresource Integrity if loading things from external domains.
• Must support viewing of message headers, as it is a crucial forensic feature to determine if an email is a phishing attempt.

Best Case:

• Should support hardware authentication, i.e. U2F and WebAuthn.
• DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record in addition to DANE support.
• Should implement Authenticated Received Chain (ARC), which is useful for people who post to mailing lists RFC8617.
• Published security audits from a reputable, third-party firm.
• Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.
• Website security standards such as:
  • Content Security Policy (CSP)
  • RFC9163 Expect-CT

Trust

You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your email? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Public-facing leadership or ownership.

Best Case:

• Frequent transparency reports.

Marketing

With the email providers we recommend, we like to see responsible marketing.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc.).
• Must not have any irresponsible marketing, which can include the following:
  • Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
  • Guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100%, it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily de-anonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
    • Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc.) that they accessed without anonymity software such as Tor
    • Browser fingerprinting

Best Case:

• Clear and easy-to-read documentation for tasks like setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.

Additional Functionality

While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.