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| Encrypted Private Email Recommendations - Privacy Guides | البُرُد الإلكترونية | material/email | توفِّر الجهات المذكورة مخزنًا آمنًا لرسائلك، والكثير منهم يدعم تعمية أوبنبيجيبي مع جهات أخرى. | email.webp |
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Protects against the following threat(s):
حتَّى ولو كان البريد الإلكتروني حاجةً لتستخدم أيَّ خدمة إنترنت فإننا لا نوصي به للتحادث. تأمَّل استخدام خدمة اتصال مباشر تدعم السرية المستقبلية لتحادث الناس بدلًا من استخدام بريد إلكتروني.
ما نوصي به من برامج مراسلة فورية{.md-button}
موفِّرو الخدمة الموصى بهم
خلا ذلك فنوصي بعدد من موفِّري خدمة البريد الإلكتروني، وذلك حسب استدامة نموذجات عملهم وأمنهم ومزايا الخصوصية عندهم. للمزيد من المعلومات، اطلع على قائمة المعايير.
| Provider | OpenPGP / WKD | IMAP / SMTP | Zero Access Encryption | Anonymous Payments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| بريد بروتون | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Paid plans only | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Cash |
| Mailbox.org | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Mail only | Cash |
| Tuta | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Monero & Cash via third-party |
In addition to (or instead of) an email provider recommended here, you may wish to consider a dedicated email aliasing service to protect your privacy. Among other things, these services can help protect your real inbox from spam, prevent marketers from correlating your accounts, and encrypt all incoming messages with PGP.
الخدمات الداعمة لأوبنبيجيبي
These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the Web Key Directory standard, allowing for provider-agnostic E2EE emails. فمثلًا: باستطاعة مستخدم بريد بروتون إرسال رسالة معمَّاة بين الأطراف، وكون المستقبل مستخدم Mailbox.org، أو لك استقبال إشعارات معمَّاةً بأوبنبيجيبي من خدمات الإنترنت الداعمة له.
{ .twemoji } Proton Mail
{ .twemoji } Mailbox.org
Warning
When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP your email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email, generally including the subject line! Read more about email metadata.
OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. How do I protect my private keys?
بريد بروتون
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بريد بروتون هو خدمة بُرُد إلكترونية تركِّز في الخصوصية والتعمية والأمن واليسر. They have been in operation since 2013. ومقرُّ بروتون أيجي في جنيف في سويسرا. The Proton Mail Free plan comes with 500MB of Mail storage, which you can increase up to 1GB for free.
:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :simple-torbrowser:{ .card-link title="Onion Service" } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }
للحسابات المجانية قيود، كعجزهم عن البحث في النصوص وعدم استخدام جسر بريد بروتون، وتحتاجه إن أردت استخدام أحد برامج البريد في سطح المكتب الموصى بها (مثل ثندربرد). لمن اشترك في حساب عند بريد بروتون مزايا، مثل جسر بريد بروتون ومساحة تخزين إضافية ودعم أسماء النطاق المخصَّصة. أعطت سكيورتم شهادةً لتطبيقات بريد بروتون في التاسع من نوفمبر عام ٢٠٢١.
If you have the Proton Unlimited plan or any multi-user Proton plan, you also get SimpleLogin Premium for free.
Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are not shared with third parties. This can be disabled in the web app: ⚙️ → All Settings → Account → Security and privacy → Privacy and data collection.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } النطاقات المخصَّصة والكنى
بإمكان مشتركي بريد بروتون استخدام أسماء نطاق من عندهم أو لهم استخدام عنوان جامع. Proton Mail also supports sub-addressing, which is useful for people who don't want to purchase a domain.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } سُبُل الدفع الخاصَّة
يقبل بريد بروتون الدفع نقدًا عن طريق البريد، ويقبل كذلك الدفع ببطاقات الائتمان والبطاقات المصرفية وبتكوين وبيبال.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } أمن الحساب
يدعم بريد بروتون الاستيثاق بخطوتين عبر «كلمة المرور لمرة واحدة حسب الوقت (TOTP)» ومفاتيح أمن العتاد وفق معيارَي FIDO2 و U2F. ويتطلَّب استخدام مفاتيح أمن العتاد إعداد الاستيثاق بخطوتين عبر كلمة المرور لمرة واحدة حسب الوقت.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } أمن البيانات
عند بريد بروتون تعمية دون أيِّ وصول لبُرُدك الإلكترونية وتقويماتك. لا يمكن لأحد الوصول للبيانات المعمَّاة دون أيِّ وصول سواك.
بعض المعلومات المخزَّنة في متراسلي بروتون ليست مؤمَّنةً بتعمية دون أيِّ وصول، كالأسماء المعروضة وعناوين البُرُد الإلكترونية. تُعلَّم حقول المتراسلين الداعمة للتعمية دون أيِّ وصول بعلامة قفل، كأرقام الجوالات.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } تعمية البريد الإلكتروني
عند بريد بروتون دعم مدمج لتعمية أوبنبيجيبي في صفحة البريد. تعمَّى الرسائل المرسلة لحسابات بريد بروتون الأخرى تلقائيًّا، ولك تمكين تعمية أوبنبيجيبي لعناوين البريد خارج بروتون في إعدادات حسابك. Proton also supports automatic external key discovery with Web Key Directory (WKD). This means that emails sent to other providers which use WKD will be automatically encrypted with OpenPGP as well, without the need to manually exchange public PGP keys with your contacts. They also allow you to encrypt messages to non-Proton Mail addresses without OpenPGP, without the need for them to sign up for a Proton Mail account.
Proton Mail also publishes the public keys of Proton accounts via HTTP from their WKD. ويتيح هذا لمن ليس عنده بريد بروتون العثور على مفاتيح أوبنبيجيبي لحسابات بريد بروتون بسهولة، وذلك لتمكين التعمية بين الأطراف بين موفِّري خدمة البريد الإلكترونيِّ. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Proton's own domains, like @proton.me. If you use a custom domain, you must configure WKD separately.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } إنهاء الحسابات
إن كان عندك حساب مدفوع ولم تدفع الفاتورة ١٤ يومًا فلن تستطيع الوصول لبياناتك. وبعد ثلاثين يوم يصبح حسابك خاملًا لا يستقبل الرسائل. وسوف يستمر إصدار الفواتير خلال هذه المدَّة. Proton will delete inactive free accounts after one year. You cannot reuse the email address of a deactivated account.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } وظائف إضافية
Proton Mail's Unlimited plan also enables access to other Proton services in addition to providing multiple custom domains, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, and 500GB of storage.
ليس عند بريد بروتون ميزة الإرث الرقميِّ.
Mailbox.org
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Mailbox.org هو خدمة بريد إلكترونيٍّ تركِّز على الأمن والخلوِّ من الإعلانات، وهي تستلم طاقتها من مصادر خاصَّة ١٠٠٪ صديقة للبيئة. وهم يعملون منذ ٢٠١٤. ومقرُّهم في برلين في ألمانيا. Accounts start with up to 2GB storage, which can be upgraded as needed.
:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" }
Downloads
:material-check:{ .pg-green } النطاقات المخصَّصة والكنى
Mailbox.org lets you use your own domain, and they support catch-all addresses. Mailbox.org also supports sub-addressing, which is useful if you don't want to purchase a domain.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } سُبُل الدفع الخاصَّة
لا تقبل Mailbox.org الدفع باستخدام العملات المعمَّاة، وسبب ذلك أن معالج دفعهم، بِتبَي، علَّق عملياته في ألمانيا. However, they do accept cash by mail, cash payment to bank account, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal and couple of German-specific processors: paydirekt and Sofortüberweisung.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } أمن الحساب
Mailbox.org supports two factor authentication for their webmail only. You can use either TOTP or a YubiKey via the YubiCloud. بعض معايير الوِب مثل WebAuthn ليست مدعومةً بعد.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } أمن البيانات
Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their encrypted mailbox. تعمَّى الرسائل الواردة باستخدام مفتاحك العامِّ فورًا.
However, Open-Exchange, the software platform used by Mailbox.org, does not support the encryption of your address book and calendar. لعلَّ خيارًا مستقلًّا أفضل لهذه المعلومات.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } تعمية البريد الإلكتروني
Mailbox.org has integrated encryption in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to people with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow remote recipients to decrypt an email on Mailbox.org's servers. فائدة هذا تظهر في حال كان المستقبل ليس لديه أوبنبيجيبي ولا يستطيع كشف تعمية نسخة من الرسالة في صندوق بريده.
تدعم Mailbox.org اكتشاف المفتايح العامَّة باستخدام HTTP من دليل مفاتيح الوِب (WKD) التابع لهم. ويتيح هذا لمن ليس عنده Mailbox.org العثور على مفاتيح أوبنبيجيبي لحسابات Mailbox.org بسهولة، وذلك لتمكين التعمية بين الأطراف بين موفِّري خدمة البريد الإلكترونيِّ. This only applies to email addresses ending in one of Mailbox.org's own domains, like @mailbox.org. If you use a custom domain, you must configure WKD separately.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } إنهاء الحسابات
Your account will be set to a restricted user account when your contract ends. It will be irrevocably deleted after 30 days.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } وظائف إضافية
You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using their .onion service. ولكن لا يمكن الوصول لواجهة موقعهم باستخدام خدمة .onion، وقد تواجه أخطاء شهادة TLS.
All accounts come with limited cloud storage that can be encrypted. Mailbox.org also offers the alias @secure.mailbox.org, which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all. تدعم Mailbox.org إكستشينج-أكتفسنك، وكذلك تدعم معايير الوصول القياسية مثل IMAP و POP3.
عند Mailbox.org ميزة الإرث الرقميِّ لكلِّ الاشتراكات. فبوسعك اختيار ما إن أردت أن تورِّث أيَّ بيانات لك، وذلك إن سجَّل ذلك ورثاؤك وشهدت بذلك. غير ذلك فيمكنك ترشيح شخص باسمه وعنوانه.
مقدِّموا خدمة آخرون
يخزِّن مقدمِّو الخدمة هؤلاء بُرُدك معمَّاةً تعمية دون معرفة، وهذا جاعلهم خيارات جيِّدةً لتخزِّنها فيها. However, they don't support interoperable encryption standards for E2EE communications between different providers.
{ .twemoji loading=lazy }
{ .twemoji loading=lazy } Tuta
Tuta
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Tuta (formerly Tutanota) is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since 2011 and is based in Hanover, Germany. Free accounts start with 1GB of storage.
:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }
Tuta doesn't support the IMAP protocol or the use of third-party email clients, and you also won't be able to add external email accounts to the Tuta app. Email import is not currently supported either, though this is due to be changed. Emails can be exported individually or by bulk selection per folder, which may be inconvenient if you have many folders.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } النطاقات المخصَّصة والكنى
Paid Tuta accounts can use either 15 or 30 aliases depending on their plan and unlimited aliases on custom domains. Tuta doesn't allow for sub-addressing (plus addresses), but you can use a catch-all with a custom domain.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } سُبُل الدفع الخاصَّة
Tuta only directly accepts credit cards and PayPal, however cryptocurrency can be used to purchase gift cards via their partnership with Proxystore.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } أمن الحساب
Tuta supports two factor authentication with either TOTP or U2F.
:material-check:{ .pg-green } أمن البيانات
Tuta has zero access encryption at rest for your emails, address book contacts, and calendars. ويعني هذا أن الرسائل والبيانات المخزَّنة في حسابك لا يقرؤها إلا أنت.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Email Encryption
Tuta does not use OpenPGP. Tuta accounts can only receive encrypted emails from non-Tuta email accounts when sent via a temporary Tuta mailbox.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } إنهاء الحسابات
Tuta will delete inactive free accounts after six months. ولك إعادة استخدام حساب ألغي تفعليه إن دفعت.
:material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } وظائف إضافية
Tuta offers the business version of Tuta to non-profit organizations for free or with a heavy discount.
Tuta doesn't offer a digital legacy feature.
Self-Hosting Email
Advanced system administrators may consider setting up their own email server. Mail servers require attention and continuous maintenance in order to keep things secure and mail delivery reliable.
Combined software solutions
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Mailcow is a more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: a mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.
:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }
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Mail-in-a-Box is an automated setup script for deploying a mail server on Ubuntu. Its goal is to make it easier for people to set up their own mail server.
:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }
For a more manual approach we've picked out these two articles:
- Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd (2019)
- How To Run Your Own Mail Server (August 2017)
Criteria
Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. In addition to our standard criteria, we have developed a clear set of requirements for any email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing an email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the email provider you choose is the right choice for you.
Technology
We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal service. You should consider whether the provider which has the features you require.
Minimum to Qualify:
- Encrypts email account data at rest with zero-access encryption.
- Export capability as Mbox or individual .eml with RFC5322 standard.
- Allow users to use their own domain name. Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad or be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy.
- Operates on owned infrastructure, i.e. not built upon third-party email service providers.
Best Case:
- Encrypts all account data (Contacts, Calendars, etc.) at rest with zero-access encryption.
- Integrated webmail E2EE/PGP encryption provided as a convenience.
- Support for WKD to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP. GnuPG users can get a key by typing:
gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com - Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send an encrypted email, without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.
- Availability of the email provider's services via an onion service.
- Sub-addressing support.
- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who use their own domains.
- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or JMAP. Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
Privacy
We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible.
Minimum to Qualify:
- Protect sender's IP address, which can involve filtering it from showing in the
Receivedheader field. - Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides a username and a password.
- Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR.
Best Case:
- Accepts anonymous payment options (cryptocurrency, cash, gift cards, etc.)
- Hosted in a jurisdiction with strong email privacy protection laws.
Security
Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt best industry practices in order to protect their customers.
Minimum to Qualify:
- Protection of webmail with 2FA, such as TOTP.
- Zero access encryption, which builds on encryption at rest. The provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.
- DNSSEC support.
- No TLS errors or vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as Hardenize, testssl.sh, or Qualys SSL Labs; this includes certificate related errors and weak DH parameters, such as those that led to Logjam.
- A server suite preference (optional on TLSv1.3) for strong cipher suites which support forward secrecy and authenticated encryption.
- A valid MTA-STS and TLS-RPT policy.
- Valid DANE records.
- Valid SPF and DKIM records.
- Have a proper DMARC record and policy or use ARC for authentication. If DMARC authentication is being used, the policy must be set to
rejectorquarantine. - A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for RFC8996.
- SMTPS submission, assuming SMTP is used.
- Website security standards such as:
- HTTP Strict Transport Security
- Subresource Integrity if loading things from external domains.
- Must support viewing of message headers, as it is a crucial forensic feature to determine if an email is a phishing attempt.
Best Case:
- Support for hardware authentication, i.e. U2F and WebAuthn.
- DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record in addition to DANE support.
- Implementation of Authenticated Received Chain (ARC), which is useful for people who post to mailing lists RFC8617.
- Published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.
- Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.
- Website security standards such as:
Trust
You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your email? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.
Minimum to Qualify:
- Public-facing leadership or ownership.
Best Case:
- Frequent transparency reports.
Marketing
With the email providers we recommend, we like to see responsible marketing.
Minimum to Qualify:
- Must self-host analytics (no Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics, etc.). The provider's site must also comply with DNT (Do Not Track) for those who wish to opt out.
Must not have any irresponsible marketing, which can include the following:
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Claims of "unbreakable encryption." Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.
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Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily de-anonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
- Reusing personal information e.g. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc.) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
- Browser fingerprinting
Best Case:
- Clear and easy to read documentation for tasks like setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.
Additional Functionality
While not strictly requirements, there are some other convenience or privacy factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.