i18n/i18n/ja/encryption.md

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Recommended Encryption Software: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt, and OpenPGP - Privacy Guides	暗号化ソフトウェア	material/file-lock	データの暗号化は、誰がデータにアクセスできるかをコントロールする唯一の方法です。 These tools allow you to encrypt your emails and any other files.	encryption.webp

Encryption is the only secure way to control who can access your data. If you are currently not using encryption software for your hard disk, emails, or files, you should pick an option here.

複数プラットフォーム

The options listed here are available on multiple platforms and great for creating encrypted backups of your data.

Cryptomator（クラウド）

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-bug-outline: パッシブ攻撃{.pg-orange}

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Cryptomator is an encryption solution designed for privately saving files to any cloud :material-server-network: Service Provider{ .pg-teal }, eliminating the need to trust that they won't access your files. It allows you to create vaults that are stored on a virtual drive, the contents of which are encrypted and synced with your cloud storage provider.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Downloads

• :simple-googleplay: Google Play
• :simple-appstore: App Store
• :simple-android: Android
• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux
• :simple-flathub: Flathub

Cryptomatorは、AES-256を用いて、ファイルとファイル名の両方を暗号化します。 Cryptomator cannot encrypt metadata such as access, modification, and creation timestamps, nor the number and size of files and folders.

Cryptomator is free to use on all desktop platforms, as well as on iOS in "read only" mode. Cryptomator offers paid apps with full functionality on iOS and Android. The Android version can be purchased anonymously via ProxyStore.

Some Cryptomator cryptographic libraries have been audited by Cure53. The scope of the audited libraries includes: cryptolib, cryptofs, siv-mode and cryptomator-objc-cryptor. The audit did not extend to cryptolib-swift, which is a library used by Cryptomator for iOS.

Cryptomator's documentation details its intended security target, security architecture, and best practices for use in further detail.

Picocrypt（ファイル）

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-target-account: Targeted Attacks{.pg-red}

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Picocryptは小さくシンプルな暗号化ツールで、最新の暗号化を提供します。 Picocryptは、セキュアなXChaCha20暗号とArgon2idキー派生機能を使用し、高レベルのセキュリティを提供します。 暗号化機能には、Go標準のx/cryptoモジュールを使用しています。

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Downloads

• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux

Picocrypt has been audited by Radically Open Security in August 2024, and most of the issues found in the audit were subsequently fixed.

VeraCrypt（ディスク）

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-target-account: Targeted Attacks{.pg-red}

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VeraCrypt is a source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption. It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Downloads

• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux

VeraCryptは、終了したTrueCryptプロジェクトのフォークです。 開発者によると、セキュリティの改善が実装されており、最初のTrueCryptコード監査によって提起された問題が解決されています。

VeraCryptで暗号化する場合、異なるハッシュ関数から選択できます。 しかし、SHA-512のみを選ぶことを推奨します。AESブロック暗号以外を使うべきではありません。

TrueCrypt has been audited a number of times, and VeraCrypt has also been audited separately.

Operating System Encryption

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-target-account: Targeted Attacks{.pg-red}

Built-in OS encryption solutions generally leverage hardware security features such as a secure cryptoprocessor. Therefore, we recommend using the built-in encryption solutions for your operating system. For cross-platform encryption, we still recommend cross-platform tools for additional flexibility and to avoid vendor lock-in.

BitLocker

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BitLocker is the full volume encryption solution bundled with Microsoft Windows that uses the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for hardware-based security.

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BitLocker is officially supported on the Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions of Windows. It can be enabled on Home editions provided that they meet the following prerequisites.

Enabling BitLocker on Windows Home

To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a GUID Partition Table and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.

1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "GPT" listed under "Partition Style":

   powershell Get-Disk
   

2. このコマンドを（管理者コマンドプロンプトで）実行し、TPMのバージョンを確認してください。 You should see 2.0 or 1.2 listed next to SpecVersion:

   powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm
   

3. Access Advanced Startup Options. You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the command prompt in Troubleshoot → Advanced Options → Command Prompt.

4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:

   manage-bde -on c: -used
   

5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.

6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands:

   manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
   manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
   manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
   

Tip

Backup BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt on your Desktop to a separate storage device. Loss of this recovery code may result in loss of data.

FileVault

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FileVault is the on-the-fly volume encryption solution built into macOS. FileVault takes advantage of the hardware security capabilities present on an Apple Silicon SoC or T2 Security Chip.

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We advise against using your iCloud account for recovery; instead, you should securely store a local recovery key on a separate storage device.

Linux Unified Key Setup

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LUKS is the default FDE method for Linux. It can be used to encrypt full volumes, partitions, or create encrypted containers.

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Creating and opening encrypted containers

dd if=/dev/urandom of=/path-to-file bs=1M count=1024 status=progress
sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /path-to-file

Opening encrypted containers

We recommend opening containers and volumes with udisksctl as this uses Polkit. Most file managers, such as those included with popular desktop environments, can unlock encrypted files. Tools like udiskie can run in the system tray and provide a helpful user interface.

udisksctl loop-setup -f /path-to-file
udisksctl unlock -b /dev/loop0

Remember to back up volume headers

We recommend you always back up your LUKS headers in case of partial drive failure. This can be done with:

cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/device --header-backup-file /mnt/backup/file.img

コマンドライン

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-target-account: Targeted Attacks{.pg-red}

Tools with command-line interfaces are useful for integrating shell scripts.

Kryptor

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Kryptor is a free and open-source file encryption and signing tool that makes use of modern and secure cryptographic algorithms. It aims to be a better version of age and Minisign to provide a simple, easier alternative to GPG.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Downloads

• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux

Tomb

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Tomb is a command-line shell wrapper for LUKS. It supports steganography via third-party tools.

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OpenPGP

Protects against the following threat(s):

• :material-target-account: Targeted Attacks{.pg-red}
• :material-bug-outline: パッシブ攻撃{.pg-orange}
• :material-server-network: Service Providers{.pg-teal}

OpenPGP is sometimes needed for specific tasks such as digitally signing and encrypting email. PGP has many features and is complex as it has been around a long time. For tasks such as signing or encrypting files, we suggest the above options.

When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in your gpg.conf file. We recommend staying with the standard options specified in the GnuPG user FAQ.

Use future defaults when generating a key

When generating keys we suggest using the future-default command as this will instruct GnuPG use modern cryptography such as Curve25519 and Ed25519:

gpg --quick-gen-key alice@example.com future-default

GNU Privacy Guard

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GnuPG is a GPL-licensed alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. GnuPG is compliant with RFC 4880, which is the current IETF specification of OpenPGP. The GnuPG project has been working on an updated draft in an attempt to modernize OpenPGP. GnuPG is a part of the Free Software Foundation's GNU software project and has received major funding from the German government.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }

Downloads

• :simple-googleplay: Google Play
• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows
• :simple-apple: macOS
• :simple-linux: Linux

GPG4win

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GPG4win is a package for Windows from Intevation and g10 Code. It includes various tools that can assist you in using GPG on Microsoft Windows. The project was initiated and originally funded by Germany's Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) in 2005.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" } :octicons-heart-16:{ .card-link title="Contribute" }

Downloads

• :fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows

GPG Suite

Note

We suggest Canary Mail for using PGP with email on iOS devices.

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GPG Suite provides OpenPGP support for Apple Mail and other email clients on macOS.

We recommend taking a look at their First steps and Knowledge Base for support.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }

Downloads

• :simple-apple: macOS

Currently, GPG Suite does not yet have a stable release for macOS Sonoma and later.

OpenKeychain

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OpenKeychain is an implementation of GnuPG for Android. It's commonly required by mail clients such as Thunderbird, FairEmail, and other Android apps to provide encryption support.

:octicons-home-16: Homepage{ .md-button .md-button--primary } :octicons-eye-16:{ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } :octicons-info-16:{ .card-link title="Documentation" } :octicons-code-16:{ .card-link title="Source Code" }

Downloads

• :simple-googleplay: Google Play

Cure53 completed a security audit of OpenKeychain 3.6 in October 2015. The published audit and OpenKeychain's solutions to the issues raised in the audit can be found here.

規準

**私たちは、推薦するどのプロジェクトとも提携していません。**客観的に推薦できるよう、標準となる規準に加えて、一連の明確な要件を定めています。 プロジェクトを利用する前に、このリストをよく理解し、ご自身で調査を行って、そのプロジェクトがあなたにとって適切な選択かどうかをご確認ください。

最低要件

• Cross-platform encryption apps must be open source.
• ファイル暗号化アプリは、Linux、macOS、Windowsでの復号化をサポートするものであること。
• 外部ディスク暗号化アプリは、Linux、macOS、Windowsでの復号化をサポートするものであること。
• 内部（OS）ディスク暗号化アプリは、クロスプラットフォームであるか、OSにネイティブに組み込まれたものであること。

満たされることが望ましい基準

満たされることが望ましい基準には、このカテゴリーの完璧なプロジェクトに私たちが望むものを示しています。 私たちが推薦するプロジェクトは、この機能の一部または全部を含んでいないかもしれませんが、もし含んでいれば、このページで他のプロジェクトよりも上位にランクされるかもしれません。

• Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave.
• File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms.