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419 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
419 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
---
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meta_title: "Recommended Encryption Software: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt, and OpenPGP - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Software de encriptação"
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icon: material/file-lock
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description: A encriptação de dados é a única forma de controlar quem pode acessá-los. These tools allow you to encrypt your emails and any other files.
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cover: encryption.webp
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---
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A encriptação de dados é a única forma de controlar quem pode acessá-los. Se você não estiver usando software de criptografia para o seu disco rígido, e-mails ou arquivos, você deve escolher uma opção aqui.
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## Multi-plataforma
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As opções listadas aqui são multi-plataforma e excelentes para criar backups criptografados dos seus dados.
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### VeraCrypt
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**VeraCrypt** é um utilitário freeware disponível na fonte, utilizado para encriptação on-the-fly. Ele pode criar um disco virtual encriptado dentro de um ficheiro, encriptar uma partição ou encriptar todo o dispositivo de armazenamento com autenticação pré-boot.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptomator.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptomator.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptomator.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/cryptomator){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://cryptomator.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.cryptomator)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1560822163)
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- [:simple-android: Android](https://cryptomator.org/android)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.cryptomator.Cryptomator)
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</details>
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</div>
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O VeraCrypt é um garfo do projeto TrueCrypt descontinuado. De acordo com seus desenvolvedores, melhorias de segurança foram implementadas e questões levantadas pela auditoria inicial do código TrueCrypt foram abordadas.
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Ao encriptar com VeraCrypt, o utilizador tem a opção de seleccionar de diferentes [funções hash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeraCrypt#Encryption_scheme). Sugerimos aos utilizadores **apenas** seleccione [SHA-512](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-512) e deve ficar com o [AES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) cifra de bloco. The audit did not extend to [cryptolib-swift](https://github.com/cryptomator/cryptolib-swift), which is a library used by Cryptomator for iOS.
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Cryptomator's documentation details its intended [security target](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/security-target), [security architecture](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/architecture), and [best practices](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/best-practices) for use in further detail.
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### Criptomador
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Cryptomator** facilita o carregamento de ficheiros para a nuvem num sistema de ficheiros virtual encriptado. [Visite cryptomator.org](https://cryptomator.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Política de Privacidade](https://cryptomator.org/privacy){ .md-button }
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**Downloads***
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- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-apple: macOS](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-linux: Linux](https://cryptomator.org/downloads)
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- [:pg-flathub: Flatpak](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.cryptomator.cryptomator)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-google-play: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.cryptomator)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-android: F-Droid repo](https://cryptomator.org/android)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-app-store-ios: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cryptomator-2/id1560822163)
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- [:fontawesome-brands-github: Source](https://github.com/cryptomator) It uses Go's standard x/crypto modules for its encryption features.
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[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/picocrypt){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt/releases)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt/releases)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt/releases)
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</details>
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</div>
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### Picocrypt
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Picocrypt** é uma pequena e simples ferramenta de encriptação que fornece uma encriptação moderna. Picocrypt usa a cifra segura XChaCha20 e a função de derivação da chave Argon2id para proporcionar um alto nível de segurança.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://veracrypt.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Documentation.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/code){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Donation.html){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Downloads.html)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Downloads.html)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Downloads.html)
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</details>
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</div>
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VeraCrypt is a fork of the discontinued TrueCrypt project. According to its developers, security improvements have been implemented and issues raised by the initial TrueCrypt code audit have been addressed.
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When encrypting with VeraCrypt, you have the option to select from different [hash functions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeraCrypt#Encryption_scheme). We suggest you **only** select [SHA-512](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-512) and stick to the [AES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) block cipher.
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Truecrypt has been [audited a number of times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueCrypt#Security_audits), and VeraCrypt has also been [audited separately](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeraCrypt#VeraCrypt_audit).
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## Sistema operacional incluído Criptografia de disco completo (FDE)
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For encrypting the drive your operating system boots from, we generally recommend enabling the encryption software that comes with your operating system rather than using a third-party tool. This is because your operating system's native encryption tools often make use of OS and hardware-specific features like the [secure cryptoprocessor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_cryptoprocessor) in your device to protect your computer against more advanced physical attacks. For secondary drives and external drives which you *don't* boot from, we still recommend using open-source tools like [VeraCrypt](#veracrypt-disk) over the tools below, because they offer additional flexibility and let you avoid vendor lock-in.
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### BitLocker
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**BitLocker** é a solução de encriptação de volume completo, em conjunto com o Microsoft Windows. The main reason we recommend it for encrypting your boot drive is because of its [use of TPM](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm). ElcomSoft, a forensics company, has written about this feature in [Understanding BitLocker TPM Protection](https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2021/01/understanding-BitLocker-tpm-protection).
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/BitLocker/BitLocker-overview){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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</details>
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</div>
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BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-device-encryption-0c453637-bc88-5f74-5105-741561aae838) on Pro, Enterprise and Education editions of Windows. It can be enabled on Home editions provided that they meet the prerequisites.
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<details class="example" markdown>
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<summary>Enabling BitLocker on Windows Home</summary>
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To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
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1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style":
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```powershell
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powershell Get-Disk
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```
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2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`:
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```powershell
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powerhell Get-Disk 0 | findstr GPT && echo Este é um disco do sistema GPT!
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```
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3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**.
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4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:
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```powershell
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manage-bde -on c: -used
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```
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5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.
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6. Feche o prompt de comando, e entre no PowerShell:
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```powershell
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manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
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manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
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manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
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```
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<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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Backup `BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt` on your Desktop to a separate storage device. Loss of this recovery code may result in loss of data.
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</div>
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</details>
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### FileVault
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**FileVault** é a solução de encriptação de volume on-the-fly integrada em macOS. FileVault é recomendado porque [leverages](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/volume-encryption-with-filevault-sec4c6dc1b6e/web) recursos de segurança de hardware presentes em um SoC de silício Apple ou Chip de Segurança T2.
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[Visite support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204837){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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</details>
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</div>
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We recommend storing a local recovery key in a secure place as opposed to using your iCloud account for recovery.
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### Configuração da Chave Unificada Linux (LUKS)
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**LUKS*** é o método padrão de criptografia de disco completo para Linux. Ele pode ser usado para criptografar volumes completos, partições ou criar containers criptografados.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/blob/main/README.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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</details>
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</div>
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<details class="example" markdown>
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<summary>Creating and opening encrypted containers</summary>
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```bash
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dd if=/dev/urandom of=/path-to-file bs=1M count=1024 status=progress
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sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /path-to-file
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```
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#### Opening encrypted containers
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We recommend opening containers and volumes with `udisksctl` as this uses [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit). A maioria dos gestores de ficheiros, tais como os incluídos em ambientes de desktop populares, consegue desbloquear ficheiros encriptados. Tools like [udiskie](https://github.com/coldfix/udiskie) can run in the system tray and provide a helpful user interface.
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```bash
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udisksctl loop-setup -f /path-to-file
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udisksctl unlock -b /dev/loop0
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```
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</details>
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<div class="admonition note" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Remember to back up volume headers</p>
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Recomendamos que você sempre [faça backup dos seus cabeçalhos LUKS](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Backup_and_restore) em caso de falha parcial da unidade. This can be done with:
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```bash
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cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/device --header-backup-file /mnt/backup/file.img
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```
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</div>
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## Linha de comando
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Tools with command-line interfaces are useful for integrating [shell scripts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script).
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### Kryptor
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Kryptor** é uma ferramenta de criptografia e assinatura de arquivos livre e de código aberto que faz uso de algoritmos criptográficos modernos e seguros. It aims to be a better version of [age](https://github.com/FiloSottile/age) and [Minisign](https://jedisct1.github.io/minisign) to provide a simple, easier alternative to GPG.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://kryptor.co.uk){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://kryptor.co.uk/features#privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://kryptor.co.uk/tutorial){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/samuel-lucas6/Kryptor){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://kryptor.co.uk/#donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://kryptor.co.uk)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://kryptor.co.uk)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://kryptor.co.uk)
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</details>
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</div>
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### Túmulo
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Tomb** é uma shell wrapper de linha de comando para LUKS. It supports steganography via [third-party tools](https://dyne.org/software/tomb/#advanced-usage).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://dyne.org/software/tomb){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://dyne.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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## OpenPGP
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OpenPGP is sometimes needed for specific tasks such as digitally signing and encrypting email. Dica "Use padrões futuros ao gerar uma chave". For tasks such as signing or encrypting files, we suggest the above options.
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When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in your `gpg.conf` file. We recommend staying with the standard options specified in the [GnuPG user FAQ](https://gnupg.org/faq/gnupg-faq.html#new_user_gpg_conf).
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<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Use future defaults when generating a key</p>
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When [generating keys](https://gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html) we suggest using the `future-default` command as this will instruct GnuPG use modern cryptography such as [Curve25519](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519#History) and [Ed25519](https://ed25519.cr.yp.to):
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```bash
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gpg --quick-gen-key alice@example.com future-default
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```
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</div>
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### Guarda de Privacidade GNU
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**GnuPG** é uma alternativa GPL-licenciada ao conjunto de software criptográfico PGP. GnuPG está em conformidade com [RFC 4880](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880), que é a especificação atual da IETF do OpenPGP. The GnuPG project has been working on an [updated draft](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh) in an attempt to modernize OpenPGP. GnuPG is a part of the Free Software Foundation's GNU software project and has received major [funding](https://gnupg.org/blog/20220102-a-new-future-for-gnupg.html) from the German government.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gnupg.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gnupg.org/privacy-policy.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://gnupg.org/documentation/index.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://git.gnupg.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=gnupg.git){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.sufficientlysecure.keychain)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://gpg4win.org/download.html)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://gpgtools.org)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://gnupg.org/download/index.html#binary)
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</details>
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</div>
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### GPG4win
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**GPG4win** é um pacote para Windows da [Intevation and g10 Code](https://gpg4win.org/impressum.html). Inclui [várias ferramentas](https://gpg4win.org/about.html) que auxiliam os usuários do PGP no Microsoft Windows. O projeto foi iniciado e originalmente [financiado por](https://web.archive.org/web/20190425125223/https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/news/government-used-cryptography) pelo Escritório Federal de Segurança da Informação (BSI) da Alemanha em 2005.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gpg4win.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gpg4win.org/privacy-policy.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://gpg4win.org/documentation.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://git.gnupg.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=gpg4win.git;a=summary){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://gpg4win.org/donate.html){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://gpg4win.org/download.html)
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</details>
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</div>
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### Suíte GPG
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<div class="admonition note" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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We suggest [Canary Mail](email-clients.md#canary-mail-ios) for using PGP with email on iOS devices.
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</div>
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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|
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**GPG Suite** provides OpenPGP support for [Apple Mail](email-clients.md#apple-mail-macos) and macOS.
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We recommend taking a look at their [First steps](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb/how-to/first-steps-where-do-i-start-where-do-i-begin-setup-gpgtools-create-a-new-key-your-first-encrypted-email) and [Knowledge base](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb) for support.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gpgtools.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
|
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gpgtools.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
|
[:octicons-info-16:](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
|
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GPGTools){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
|
|
|
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
|
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
|
|
|
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://gpgtools.org)
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
### OpenKeychain
|
|
|
|
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
|
|
|
{ align=right }
|
|
|
|
**OpenKeychain** é uma implementação Android do GnuPG. It's commonly required by mail clients such as [K-9 Mail](email-clients.md#k-9-mail-android) and [FairEmail](email-clients.md#fairemail-android) and other Android apps to provide encryption support. Cure53 completed a [security audit](https://openkeychain.org/openkeychain-3-6) of OpenKeychain 3.6 in October 2015. Detalhes técnicos sobre a auditoria e as soluções OpenKeychain podem ser encontrados [here](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain/wiki/cure53-Security-Audit-2015).
|
|
|
|
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://openkeychain.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
|
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://openkeychain.org/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
|
[:octicons-info-16:](https://openkeychain.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
|
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
|
|
|
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
|
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
|
|
|
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.sufficientlysecure.keychain)
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
## Framadate
|
|
|
|
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
|
|
|
### Minimum Qualifications
|
|
|
|
- Cross-platform encryption apps must be open source.
|
|
- File encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
|
|
- External disk encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
|
|
- Internal (OS) disk encryption apps must be cross-platform or built in to the operating system natively.
|
|
|
|
### Melhor caso
|
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|
|
Os nossos melhores critérios representam o que gostaríamos de ver num projeto perfeito desta categoria. As nossas recomendações podem não incluir todas as funcionalidades, mas incluem as que, na nossa opinião, têm um impacto mais elevado.
|
|
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- Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave.
|
|
- File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms.
|