mirror of
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400 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
400 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
---
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meta_title: "Privacy respecterende mobiele webbrowsers voor Android en iOS - Privacy Guides"
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title: Mobiele browsers
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icon: material/cellphone-information
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description: Deze browsers raden we momenteel aan voor standaard/niet-anoniem internetten op je telefoon.
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cover: mobile-browsers.webp
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schema:
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": WebPage
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name: Aanbevelingen voor privé mobiele browsers
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url: "./"
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relatedLink: "../desktop-browsers/"
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": MobileApplication
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name: Brave
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image: /assets/img/browsers/brave.svg
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url: https://brave.com
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applicationCategory: Web Browser
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operatingSystem:
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- Android
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- iOS
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subjectOf:
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"@type": WebPage
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url: "./"
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": MobileApplication
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name: Cromite
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image: /assets/img/browsers/cromite.svg
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url: https://cromite.org
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applicationCategory: Web Browser
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operatingSystem:
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- Android
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subjectOf:
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"@type": WebPage
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url: "./"
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": MobileApplication
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name: Safari
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image: /assets/img/browsers/safari.svg
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url: https://apple.com/safari
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applicationCategory: Web Browser
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operatingSystem:
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- iOS
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subjectOf:
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"@type": WebPage
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url: "./"
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---
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<small>Beschermt tegen de volgende bedreiging(en):</small>
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- [:material-account-cash: Surveillance kapitalisme](basics/common-threats.md#surveillance-as-a-business-model ""){.pg-brown}
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Dit zijn onze momenteel aanbevolen **mobiele webbrowsers** en configuraties voor standaard/niet-anoniem surfen op het internet. Als je anoniem wilt internetten, kun je beter [Tor](tor.md) gebruiken.
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## Brave
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Brave Browser** bevat een ingebouwde adblocker en [privacyfuncties](https://brave.com/privacy-features), waarvan vele standaard zijn ingeschakeld.
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Brave is gebouwd op het Chromium webbrowser project, dus het zou vertrouwd moeten aanvoelen en minimale website compatibiliteitsproblemen moeten hebben.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://brave.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://brave.com/privacy/browser){ .card-link title="Privacybeleid" }.
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.brave.com){ .card-link title=Documentatie}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Broncode" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.brave.browser)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1052879175)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/releases)
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- [:simple-fdroid: F-Droid](https://brave-browser-apk-release.s3.brave.com/fdroid/repo/index.html)
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</details>
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</div>
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### Aanbevolen Brave Configuratie
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Tor Browser is de enige manier om echt anoniem op het internet te surfen. Wanneer je Brave gebruikt, raden we je aan de volgende instellingen te wijzigen om jouw privacy tegen bepaalde partijen te beschermen, maar alle browsers behalve de [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) zijn in sommige opzichten traceerbaar door *iemand*.
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=== "Android"
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Deze opties zijn te vinden in :material-menu: → **Instellingen** → **Brave Shields & privacy**.
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=== "iOS"
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Deze opties zijn te vinden in :fontawesome-solid-ellipsis: → **Instellingen** → **Schermen & Privacy**.
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#### Brave shields global defaults
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Brave heeft een aantal maatregelen tegen vingerafdrukken opgenomen in de functie [Shields](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360022973471-What-is-Shields). We raden je aan deze opties [globaal](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360023646212-How-do-I-configure-global-and-site-specific-Shields-settings) te configureren voor alle pagina's die je bezoekt.
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De opties van Shields kunnen naar behoefte per site worden aangepast, maar standaard raden wij aan de volgende opties in te stellen:
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=== "Android"
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<div class="annotate" markdown>
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- [x] Selecteer **Agressief** onder *Trackers blokkeren & advertenties*
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- [x] Selecteer **Automatisch doorsturen naar AMP-pagina's**
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- [x] Selecteer **Automatisch doorsturen van tracking-URL's**
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- [x] Selecteer **Vereisen dat alle verbindingen HTTPS (strikt) gebruiken** onder *Verbindingen upgraden naar HTTPS*
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- \[x\] (optioneel) Selecteer **Blokkeer scripts** (1)
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- [x] Selecteer **Cookies van derden** *blokkeren* onder *Cookies blokkeren*
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- [x] Selecteer **Blokkeer vingerafdrukken**
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- [x] Selecteer **Voorkomen van vingerafdrukken via taalinstellingen**
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<details class="warning" markdown>
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<summary>Gebruik standaard filterlijsten</summary>
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Met Brave kun je extra inhoudfilters selecteren in het menu **Inhoudfiltering** of op de interne pagina `brave://adblock`. Wij raden het gebruik van deze functie af; houd in plaats daarvan de standaardfilterlijsten aan. Het gebruik van extra lijsten zorgt ervoor dat je je onderscheidt van andere Brave gebruikers en kan ook het aanvalsoppervlak vergroten als er een exploit in Brave is en een kwaadwillige regel wordt toegevoegd aan één van de lijsten die je gebruikt.
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</details>
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- [x] Selecteer **Vergeet mij als ik deze site sluit**
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</div>
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1. Deze optie schakelt JavaScript uit, waardoor veel sites niet meer werken. Om dit te verhelpen, kun je uitzonderingen per site instellen door op het schildpictogram in de adresbalk te klikken en deze instelling uit te vinken onder *Geavanceerde besturingselementen*.
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=== "iOS"
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<div class="annotate" markdown>
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- [x] Selecteer **Agressief** onder *Trackers & Advertentieblokkering*
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- [x] Selecteer **Strikt** onder *Verbindingen upgraden naar HTTPS*
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- [x] Selecteer **Automatisch doorsturen naar AMP-pagina's**
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- [x] Selecteer **Automatisch doorsturen van tracking-URL's**
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- \[x\] (optioneel) Selecteer **Blokkeer scripts** (1)
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- [x] Selecteer **Blokkeer vingerafdrukken**
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- [x] Select **Site Tabs Closed** under *Auto Shred*
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<details class="warning" markdown>
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<summary>Standaard filterlijsten gebruiken</summary>
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Met Brave kun je extra inhoudsfilters selecteren in het menu **Inhoudsfiltering**. Wij raden het gebruik van deze functie af; houd in plaats daarvan de standaard filterlijsten aan. Het gebruik van extra lijsten zorgt ervoor dat je je onderscheidt van andere Brave gebruikers en kan ook het aanvalsoppervlak vergroten als er een exploit in Brave is en een kwaadwillige regel wordt toegevoegd aan één van de lijsten die je gebruikt.
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</details>
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</div>
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1. Deze optie schakelt JavaScript uit, waardoor veel sites niet meer werken. Om dit te verhelpen, kun je uitzonderingen per site instellen door op het schildpictogram in de adresbalk te klikken en deze instelling uit te vinken onder *Geavanceerde besturingselementen*.
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##### Clear browsing data (Android only)
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- [x] Selecteer **Gegevens wissen bij het sluiten van de browser**
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##### Social Media Blocking (Android only)
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- [ ] Uncheck alle sociale media componenten uit
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#### Andere privacy-instellingen
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=== "Android"
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<div class="annotate" markdown>
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- [x] Select **Disable non-proxied UDP** under [*WebRTC IP handling policy*](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360017989132-How-do-I-change-my-Privacy-Settings#webrtc)
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- \[x\] (Optional) Select **No protection** under *Safe Browsing* (1)
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- [ ] Uncheck **Allow sites to check if you have payment methods saved**
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- [ ] Uncheck **Javascript optimization & security** under the setting with the same name
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- [x] Select **Close tabs on exit**
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- [ ] Deselecteer **Privacybeschermende productanalyse (P3A) toestaan**
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- [ ] Deselecteer **Automatisch diagnostische rapporten verzenden**
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- [ ] Deselecteer **Automatisch dagelijkse gebruiksping naar Brave verzenden**
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</div>
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1. Brave's [implementation of Safe Browsing](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/15222663599629-Safe-Browsing-in-Brave) on Android **does not** proxy [Safe Browsing network requests](https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/v4/update-api#checking-urls) like its desktop counterpart. This means that your IP address may be seen (and logged) by Google. Note that Safe Browsing is not available for Android devices without Google Play Services.
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=== "iOS"
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- [ ] Uncheck **Allow Privacy-Preserving Product Analytics (P3A)**
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- [ ] Deselecteer **Automatisch dagelijkse gebruiksping naar Brave verzenden**
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#### Leo
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These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Leo**.
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<div class="annotate" markdown>
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- [ ] Uncheck **Show autocomplete suggestions in address bar** (1)
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</div>
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1. This option is not present in Brave's iOS app.
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#### Zoekmachines
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These options can be found in :material-menu:/:fontawesome-solid-ellipsis: → **Settings** → **Search engines**.
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- [ ] Deselecteer **Zoeksuggesties weergeven**
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#### Brave Sync
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[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) maakt jouw surfgegevens (geschiedenis, bladwijzers, enz.) toegankelijk op al je apparaten zonder dat je een account nodig hebt en beschermt ze met E2EE.
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## Cromite (Android)
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Cromite** is een op Chromium gebaseerde browser met ingebouwde adblocking, vingerafdrukken beschermen en andere [privacy- en veiligheidsverbeteringen] (https://github.com/uazo/cromite/blob/master/docs/FEATURES.md). It is a fork of the discontinued **Bromite** browser.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cromite.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://github.com/uazo/cromite/blob/master/docs/PRIVACY_POLICY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/uazo/cromite?tab=readme-ov-file#docs){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/uazo/cromite){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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- [:simple-android: F-Droid](https://cromite.org/fdroid/repo/?fingerprint=49F37E74DEE483DCA2B991334FB5A0200787430D0B5F9A783DD5F13695E9517B)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/uazo/cromite/releases/latest)
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</details>
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</div>
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### Aanbevolen configuratie
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These options can be found in :material-menu: → :gear: **Settings** → **Privacy and security**.
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#### Browsing data
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- [x] Select **Close all open tabs on exit**
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#### Incognito mode
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- [x] Select **Open external links in incognito**
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#### Veiligheid
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- [x] Select **Always use secure connections**
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Dit voorkomt dat je onbedoeld verbinding maakt met een website in platte HTTP-tekst. HTTP is extremely uncommon nowadays, so this should have little to no impact on your day-to-day browsing.
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#### Adblock Plus settings
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These options can be found in :material-menu: → :gear: **Settings** → **Adblock Plus settings**.
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Cromite contains a customized version of Adblock Plus with EasyList enabled by default, as well as options to select more filter lists within the **Filter lists** menu.
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Using extra lists will make you stand out from other Cromite users and may also increase attack surface if a malicious rule is added to one of the lists you use.
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- \[x\] (Optional) Select **Enable anti-circumvention and snippets**
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This setting adds an additional Adblock Plus list that may increase the effectiveness of Cromite's content blocking. The warnings about standing out and potentially increasing attack surface apply.
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#### Legacy Adblock settings
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These options can be found in :material-menu: → :gear: **Settings** → **Legacy Adblock settings**.
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- [ ] Uncheck the autoupdate setting
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This disables update checks for the unmaintained Bromite adblock filter.
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## Safari (iOS)
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On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines) to using an Apple-provided [WebKit framework](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit), so a browser like [Brave](#brave) does not use the Blink engine (the core component of Chromium) like its counterparts on other operating systems.
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Safari** is de standaardbrowser in iOS. It includes [privacy features](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-privately-iphb01fc3c85/ios) such as [Intelligent Tracking Prevention](https://webkit.org/blog/7675/intelligent-tracking-prevention), isolated and ephemeral Private Browsing tabs, fingerprinting protection (by presenting a simplified version of the system configuration to websites, so more devices look identical), and fingerprint randomization, as well as Private Relay for those with a paid iCloud+ subscription.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://apple.com/safari){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://apple.com/legal/privacy/data/en/safari){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-iph1fbef4daa/ios){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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</details>
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</div>
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### Recommended Safari Configuration
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The following privacy/security-related options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Apps** → **Safari**.
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#### Allow Safari to Access
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Under **Siri**:
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- [ ] Disable **Learn from this App**
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- [ ] Disable **Show in App**
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- [ ] Disable **Show on Home Screen**
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- [ ] Disable **Suggest App**
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This prevents Siri from using content from Safari for Siri suggestions.
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#### Zoeken
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- [ ] Disable **Search Engine Suggestions**
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This setting sends whatever you type in the address bar to the search engine set in Safari. Door zoeksuggesties uit te schakelen, kan je nauwkeuriger bepalen welke gegevens je naar jouw zoekmachineprovider stuurt.
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#### Profiles
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Safari allows you to separate your browsing with different profiles. All of your cookies, history, and website data are separate for each profile. You should use different profiles for different purposes e.g. Shopping, Work, or School.
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#### Privacy & beveiliging
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- [x] Enable **Prevent Cross-Site Tracking**
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This enables WebKit's [Intelligent Tracking Protection](https://webkit.org/tracking-prevention/#intelligent-tracking-prevention-itp). The feature helps protect against unwanted tracking by using on-device machine learning to stop trackers. ITP protects against many common threats, but does not block all tracking avenues because it is designed to not interfere with website usability.
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- [x] Enable **Require Face ID/Touch ID to Unlock Private Browsing**
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This setting allows you to lock your private tabs behind biometrics/PIN when not in use.
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- [ ] Disable **Fraudulent Website Warning**
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This setting uses Google Safe Browsing (or Tencent Safe Browsing for users in mainland China or Hong Kong) to protect you while you browse. As such, your IP address may be logged by your Safe Browsing provider. Disabling this setting will disable this logging, but you might be more vulnerable to known phishing sites.
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- [x] Enable **Not Secure Connection Warning**
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This setting shows a warning screen if your connection to a website isn't using HTTPS. Safari will automatically try to upgrade the site to HTTPS, so you should only see this when there is no HTTPS connection available.
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- [ ] Disable **Highlights**
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Apple's privacy policy for Safari states:
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> When visiting a webpage, Safari may send information calculated from the webpage address to Apple over OHTTP to determine if relevant highlights are available.
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#### Settings for Websites
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Under **Camera**
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- [x] Select **Ask**
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Under **Microphone**
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- [x] Select **Ask**
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Under **Location**
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- [x] Select **Ask**
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These settings ensure that websites can only access your camera, microphone, or location after you explicitly grant them access.
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#### Other Privacy Settings
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These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Apps** → **Safari** → **Advanced**.
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##### Fingerprinting Mitigations
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The **Advanced Tracking and Fingerprinting Protection** setting will randomize certain values so that it's more difficult to fingerprint you:
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- [x] Select **All Browsing** or **Private Browsing**
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##### Privacybehoudende advertentiemeting
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- [ ] Schakel **Privacy Preserving Ad Measurement**uit
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Bij het meten van advertentieklikken wordt van oudsher gebruik gemaakt van trackingtechnologie die inbreuk maakt op de privacy van de gebruiker. [Private Click Measurement](https://webkit.org/blog/11529/introducing-private-click-measurement-pcm) is a WebKit feature and proposed web standard aimed towards allowing advertisers to measure the effectiveness of web campaigns without compromising on user privacy.
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De functie heeft op zichzelf weinig privacyproblemen, dus hoewel je ervoor kunt kiezen om hem ingeschakeld te laten, beschouwen wij het feit dat hij automatisch is uitgeschakeld in Privénavigatie als een aanwijzing om de functie uit te schakelen.
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#### Altijd privé browsen
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Open Safari en tik op de knop Tabbladen, rechtsonder. Then, expand the :material-format-list-bulleted: Tab Groups list.
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- [x] Selecteer **Privé**
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Safari's Privénavigatie modus biedt extra bescherming van de privacy. Private Browsing gebruikt een nieuwe [kortstondige](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/urlsessionconfiguration/1410529-ephemeral) sessie voor elk tabblad, wat betekent dat tabbladen van elkaar geïsoleerd zijn. There are other smaller privacy benefits with Private Browsing too, such as not sending a webpage’s address to Apple when using Safari's translation feature.
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Do note that Private Browsing does not save cookies and website data, so it won't be possible to remain signed in to sites. Dit kan een ongemak zijn.
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#### iCloud Synchronisatie
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De synchronisatie van de Safari-geschiedenis, tabbladgroepen, iCloud-tabbladen en opgeslagen wachtwoorden verloopt via E2EE. However, by default, bookmarks are [not](https://support.apple.com/HT202303). Apple can decrypt and access them in accordance with their [privacy policy](https://apple.com/legal/privacy/en-ww).
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You can enable E2EE for your Safari bookmarks and downloads by enabling [Advanced Data Protection](https://support.apple.com/HT212520). Go to :gear: **Settings** → **iCloud** → **Advanced Data Protection**.
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- [x] Turn on **Advanced Data Protection**
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If you use iCloud with Advanced Data Protection disabled, we also recommend setting Safari's default download location to a local folder on your device. This option can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Apps** → **Safari** → **General** → **Downloads**.
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## Criteria
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**Wij zijn niet verbonden aan de projecten die wij aanbevelen.** Naast [onze standaardcriteria](about/criteria.md)hebben wij een duidelijke reeks eisen ontwikkeld om objectieve aanbevelingen te kunnen doen. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
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### Minimale vereisten
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- Moet automatische updates ondersteunen.
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- Must receive engine updates from upstream releases quickly.
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- Must support content blocking.
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- Wijzigingen die nodig zijn om de browser privacyvriendelijker te maken, mogen de gebruikerservaring niet negatief beïnvloeden.
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