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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ description: تعمل الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية على ت
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## كيف تعمل الشبكة الافتراضية الخاصة؟
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## كيف تعمل الشبكة الافتراضية الخاصة؟
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VPNs encrypt your traffic between your device and a server owned by your VPN provider. From the perspective of anyone between you and the VPN server, it looks like you're connecting to the VPN server. From the perspective of anyone between the VPN server and your destination site, all they can see is the VPN server connecting to the website.
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تقوم الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية بتشفير حركة المرور بين جهازك وخادم مملوك من قِبَل مزودي هذه الشبكات لك. من وجهة نظر أي شخص يكون بينك وبين خادم الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية، فإنه يبدو له الأمر كما لو كنت متصلاً بخادم هذه الشبكات. من وجهة نظر أي شخص يكون بين خادم الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية والموقع النهائي، كُل ما يمكن رؤيته هو خادم هذه الشبكات متصلاً بموقع الويب.
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``` mermaid
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``` mermaid
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flowchart LR
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flowchart LR
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@@ -32,28 +32,28 @@ flowchart LR
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end
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end
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```
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```
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Note that a VPN does not add any security or encryption to your traffic between the VPN server and your destination on the internet. To access a website securely you **must** still ensure HTTPS is in use regardless of whether you use a VPN.
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لاحظ أن الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية لا تضيف أي أمان أو تشفير إلى حركة المرور بين خادم هذه الشبكات والموقع النهائي على الإنترنت. To access a website securely you **must** still ensure HTTPS is in use regardless of whether you use a VPN.
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## Should I use a VPN?
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## هل يجب عليَّ استخدام شبكة خاصة افتراضية؟
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**Yes**, almost certainly. A VPN has many advantages, including:
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**Yes**, almost certainly. تتمتع الشبكة الخاصة الافتراضية بالعديد من المزايا، بما في ذلك:
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1. Hiding your traffic from **only** your Internet Service Provider.
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1. Hiding your traffic from **only** your Internet Service Provider.
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1. Hiding your downloads (such as torrents) from your ISP and anti-piracy organizations.
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1. إخفاء التنزيلات الخاصة بك (مثل التورنت) عن مزود خدمة الإنترنت والمنظمات المناهضة للقرصنة.
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1. Hiding your IP from third-party websites and services, helping you blend in and preventing IP based tracking.
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1. يساعدك إخفاء عنوان IP الخاص بك عن مواقع الويب والخدمات التابعة لجهات خارجية على التخفي ومنع التتبع القائم على عنوان IP.
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1. Allowing you to bypass geo-restrictions on certain content.
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1. يتيح لك تجاوز القيود الجغرافية على محتوى معين.
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VPNs can provide *some* of the same benefits Tor provides, such as hiding your IP from the websites you visit and geographically shifting your network traffic, and good VPN providers will not cooperate with e.g. legal authorities from oppressive regimes, especially if you choose a VPN provider outside your own jurisdiction.
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VPNs can provide *some* of the same benefits Tor provides, such as hiding your IP from the websites you visit and geographically shifting your network traffic, and good VPN providers will not cooperate with e.g. legal authorities from oppressive regimes, especially if you choose a VPN provider outside your own jurisdiction.
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VPNs cannot encrypt data outside the connection between your device and the VPN server. VPN providers can also see and modify your traffic the same way your ISP could, so there is still a level of trust you are placing in them. And there is no way to verify a VPN provider's "no logging" policies in any way.
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لا يمكن للشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية تشفير البيانات خارج الاتصال بين جهازك وخادم هذه الشبكات. يمكن لمزودي الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية أيضاً رؤية حركة المرور الخاصة بك وتعديلها بنفس الطريقة التي يمكن أن يقوم بها مزود خدمة الإنترنت الخاص، لذلك لا يزال هناك مستوى من الثقة التي تضعها فيهم. ولا توجد طريقة بأي شَكلٍ من الأشكال للتحقق من سياسات "تسجيل البيانات" أو "التعقب" الخاصة مزود الشبكة الخاصة الافتراضية.
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## When isn't a VPN suitable?
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## متى لا تكون الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية مناسبة؟
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Using a VPN in cases where you're using your [real-life or well-known identity](common-misconceptions.md#complicated-is-better) online is unlikely to be useful. Doing so may trigger spam and fraud detection systems, such as if you were to log into your bank's website.
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Using a VPN in cases where you're using your [real-life or well-known identity](common-misconceptions.md#complicated-is-better) online is unlikely to be useful. قد يؤدي القيام بذلك إلى تشغيل أنظمة اكتشاف البريد العشوائي والاحتيال، مثلما إذا كنت ستسجل الدخول إلى موقع الويب الخاص بالبنك الذي تتعامل معه.
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It's important to remember that a VPN will not provide you with absolute anonymity because the VPN provider itself will still have access to your real IP address, destination website information, and often a money trail that can be linked directly back to you. "No logging" policies are merely a promise; if you need complete safety from the network itself, consider using [Tor](../advanced/tor-overview.md) in addition to or instead of a VPN.
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من المهم أن تتذكر أن الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية لن توفر لك إخفاء هُوِيَّة مطلق لأن مزود هذه الشبكات نفسه سيظل لديه إمكانية الوصول إلى عنوان IP الحقيقي الخاص بك، ومعلومات الموقع النهائي، وغالباً أيضاً إلى مساراً مالياً يمكن ربطه بك مباشرةً. "No logging" policies are merely a promise; if you need complete safety from the network itself, consider using [Tor](../advanced/tor-overview.md) in addition to or instead of a VPN.
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You also should not trust a VPN to secure your connection to an unencrypted, HTTP destination. In order to keep what you actually do on the websites you visit private and secure, you must use HTTPS. This will keep your passwords, session tokens, and queries safe from the VPN provider and other potential adversaries in between the VPN server and your destination. You should enable HTTPS-only mode in your browser (if it's supported) to mitigate attacks which try to downgrade your connection from HTTPS to HTTP.
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يجب أيضاً ألّا تثق في الشبكة الخاصة الافتراضية لتأمين اتصالك بوجهة HTTP غير مشفرة. In order to keep what you actually do on the websites you visit private and secure, you must use HTTPS. This will keep your passwords, session tokens, and queries safe from the VPN provider and other potential adversaries in between the VPN server and your destination. You should enable HTTPS-only mode in your browser (if it's supported) to mitigate attacks which try to downgrade your connection from HTTPS to HTTP.
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## Should I use encrypted DNS with a VPN?
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## Should I use encrypted DNS with a VPN?
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@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ This version offers three levels of blocking: "Basic" works without requiring an
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If you set the default filtering mode to "Optimal" or "Complete" the extension will request read/modify access to **all** websites you visit. However, you also have the option to change the setting to "Optimal" or "Complete" on a **per-site** basis by adjusting the slider in the extension's pop-up panel on any given site. When you do so, the extension will request read/modify access to that site only. Therefore, if you want to take advantage of uBlock Origin Lite's "permission-less" configuration, you should probably leave the default setting as "Basic" and only adjust it higher on sites where that level is not adequate.
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If you set the default filtering mode to "Optimal" or "Complete" the extension will request read/modify access to **all** websites you visit. However, you also have the option to change the setting to "Optimal" or "Complete" on a **per-site** basis by adjusting the slider in the extension's pop-up panel on any given site. When you do so, the extension will request read/modify access to that site only. Therefore, if you want to take advantage of uBlock Origin Lite's "permission-less" configuration, you should probably leave the default setting as "Basic" and only adjust it higher on sites where that level is not adequate.
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uBlock Origin Lite only receives block list updates whenever the extension is updated from your browser's extension marketplace, as opposed to on demand. Google has an [expedited review process](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/webstore/skip-review) for filter updates, which means you still typically receive filter list updates as frequently as uBlock Origin Lite chooses to publish a release (historically every 2-7 days). However, only so-called "[safe rules](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/reference/api/declarativeNetRequest#safe_rules)" can be updated, which may limit the update frequency of lists using advanced techniques.
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uBlock Origin Lite only receives block list updates whenever the extension is updated from your browser's extension marketplace, as opposed to on demand. Google a mis en place une [procédure de révision accélérée] (https://developer.chrome.com/docs/webstore/skip-review) pour les mises à jour de filtres, ce qui signifie que vous recevez toujours des mises à jour de la liste de filtres aussi souvent que uBlock Origin Lite choisit de publier une version (historiquement tous les 2 à 7 jours). Toutefois, seules les prétendues "[règles sûres](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/reference/api/declarativeNetRequest#safe_rules)" peuvent être mises à jour, ce qui peut limiter la fréquence de mise à jour des listes utilisant des techniques avancées.
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### AdGuard
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### AdGuard
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ cover: calendar.webp
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- [:material-bug-outline: Attaques passives](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange}
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- [:material-bug-outline: Attaques passives](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange}
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- [:material-server-network: Fournisseurs de service](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers ""){.pg-teal}
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- [:material-server-network: Fournisseurs de service](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers ""){.pg-teal}
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**Calendars** contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement end-to-end encryption at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.
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Les **calendriers** contiennent certaines de vos données les plus sensibles ; utilisez des produits qui mettent en œuvre un chiffrement de bout en bout au repos pour empêcher un fournisseur de les lire.
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## Tuta
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## Tuta
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@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ cover: calendar.webp
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Tuta** offers a free and encrypted calendar across their supported platforms. Features include automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, multifactor authentication, and [more](https://tuta.com/calendar-app-comparison).
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**Tuta** offers a free and encrypted calendar across their supported platforms. Les fonctionnalités comprennent l'E2EE automatique de toutes les données, des fonctions de partage, des fonctions d'importation/exportation, l'authentification multifactorielle, et [plus](https://tuta.com/calendar-app-comparison).
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Multiple calendars and extended sharing functionality are limited to paid subscribers.
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Les calendriers multiples et la fonctionnalité de partage étendue sont réservés aux abonnés payants.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tuta.com/calendar){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-home-16: Page d'accueil](https://tuta.com/calendar){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tuta.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tuta.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Politique de confidentialité" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tuta.com/support){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tuta.com/support){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/tutao/tutanota){ .card-link title="Code source" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tuta.com/community#donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tuta.com/community#donate){ .card-link title="Contribuer" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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<summary>Téléchargements</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.calendar)
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.calendar)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6657977811)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6657977811)
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Proton Calendar** est un service de calendrier chiffré disponible pour les membres de Proton via des clients web ou mobiles. Features include automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, and [more](https://proton.me/support/proton-calendar-guide).
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**Proton Calendar** est un service de calendrier chiffré disponible pour les membres de Proton via des clients web ou mobiles. Les fonctionnalités comprennent l'E2EE automatique de toutes les données, des fonctions de partage, des fonctionnalités d'importation/exportation, et [plus](https://proton.me/support/proton-calendar-guide).
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Those on the free tier have access to 3 calendars, whereas paid subscribers can create up to 25 calendars. Les fonctionnalités de partage avancées sont également limitées aux abonnés payants.
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Les abonnés gratuits ont accès à 3 calendriers, tandis que les abonnés payants peuvent créer jusqu'à 25 calendriers. Les fonctionnalités de partage avancées sont également limitées aux abonnés payants.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/calendar){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/calendar){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/calendar/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/calendar/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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### Technologie
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### Technologie
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Nous considérons ces caractéristiques comme importantes afin de fournir un service sûr et optimal. You should consider whether the provider has the features you require.
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Nous considérons ces caractéristiques comme importantes afin de fournir un service sûr et optimal. Vous devez vous demander si le fournisseur possède les fonctionnalités dont vous avez besoin.
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**Minimum pour se qualifier :**
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**Minimum pour se qualifier :**
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Use a **map and navigation app** that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches and location history. Instead of using Google Maps, Apple Maps, or Waze, we recommend these privacy-respecting alternatives.
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Use a **map and navigation app** that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches and location history. Instead of using Google Maps, Apple Maps, or Waze, we recommend these privacy-respecting alternatives.
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The recommendations here do not collect personally identifying information (PII) based on each application's privacy policy. There is **no guarantee** that these privacy policies are honored.
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Les recommandations formulées ici ne recueillent pas d'informations d'identification personnelle (IPI), conformément à la politique de confidentialité de chaque application. There is **no guarantee** that these privacy policies are honored.
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## Organic Maps
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## Organic Maps
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@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Please note that Organic Maps is a simple, basic app that lacks certain features
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**OsmAnd** is an open-source, offline map and navigation application based on OpenStreetMap that offers turn-by-turn navigation for walking, cycling, driving, as well as public transport. You can find a detailed overview of OsmAnd's supported [features](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmAnd#Features) on the OpenStreet Map Wiki.
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**OsmAnd** est une application de cartographie et de navigation hors ligne basée sur OpenStreetMap qui offre une navigation immersive pour la marche, le vélo, la conduite, ainsi que les transports publics. You can find a detailed overview of OsmAnd's supported [features](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmAnd#Features) on the OpenStreet Map Wiki.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://osmand.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://osmand.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://osmand.net/docs/legal/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://osmand.net/docs/legal/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Unique User Identifier</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">Identifiant unique de l'utilisateur</p>
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OsmAnd generates a [unique user identifier (UUID)](https://osmand.net/docs/legal/terms-of-use/#6-unique-user-indentifier) for each app install that rotates every three months and is used for internal reports and statistics. The UUID is also sent to OsmAnd's servers when downloading maps. On Android, there is a setting that controls whether the UUID is sent with each download request. From the home screen, go to :material-menu: → :gear: **Settings** → :gear: **OsmAnd settings** → :material-web: **Identifiers**.
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OsmAnd génère un [identifiant unique de l'utilisateur (UUID)](https://osmand.net/docs/legal/terms-of-use/#6-unique-user-indentifier) pour chaque application installée qui tourne tous les trois mois et qui est utilisé pour les rapports internes et les statistiques. L'UUID est également envoyé aux serveurs d'OsmAnd lors du téléchargement des cartes. Sur Android, un paramètre permet de contrôler si l'UUID est envoyé avec chaque demande de téléchargement. Depuis l'écran d'accueil, allez sur :material-menu: → :gear: **Réglages** → :gear: **Réglages OsmAnd** → :material-web: **Identifiants**.
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- [ ] Uncheck **Send Unique User Identifier (UUID)**
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- [ ] Décochez **Envoyer l'identifiant unique de l'utilisateur (UUID)**
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This setting is not available on the iOS app.
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Ce paramètre n'est pas disponible sur l'application iOS.
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</div>
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</div>
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The app also includes a setting for sharing anonymous data about your downloaded maps and the features you use. This setting is disabled by default on Android, but enabled by default on iOS. To disable it in the iOS app, tap the :material-menu: on the home screen to find the :gear: **Settings** menu. Select that, then select :gear: **OsmAnd settings**.
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L'application comprend également un paramètre permettant de partager des données anonymes sur les cartes téléchargées et les fonctions utilisées. Ce paramètre est désactivé par défaut sur Android, mais activé par défaut sur iOS. Pour la désactiver dans l'application iOS, touchez le site :material-menu: sur l'écran d'accueil pour accéder au menu **Réglages** de :gear: . Sélectionnez cette option, puis :gear: **OsmAnd settings**.
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- [ ] Uncheck **Send anonymous data**
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- [ ] Décochez **Envoyer des données anonymes**
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OsmAnd allows you to overlay or underlay external map data, such as satellite images from Microsoft or [traffic data](https://themm.net/public/osmand_traffic) from Google, although the latter is ignored by the automatic route planning. OsmAnd also has an optional integration of street view images provided by [Mapillary](https://mapillary.com).
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OsmAnd allows you to overlay or underlay external map data, such as satellite images from Microsoft or [traffic data](https://themm.net/public/osmand_traffic) from Google, although the latter is ignored by the automatic route planning. OsmAnd also has an optional integration of street view images provided by [Mapillary](https://mapillary.com).
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@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Brave est basé sur le projet de navigateur Web Chromium. Il devrait donc vous
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Code source" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Code source" }
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<details class="downloads" markdown>
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<summary>Downloads</summary>
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<summary>Téléchargements</summary>
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.brave.browser)
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.brave.browser)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1052879175)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1052879175)
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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Most cloud **photo management solutions** like Google Photos, Flickr, and Amazon
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting).
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The free plan offers 10 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least once a year.
|
Le plan gratuit offre 10 Go de stockage à condition que vous utilisiez le service au moins une fois par an.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://ente.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://ente.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://ente.io/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://ente.io/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||||
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The free plan offers 10 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least o
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ente Photos underwent an audit by [Cure53](https://ente.io/blog/cryptography-audit) in March 2023 and by [Fallible](https://ente.io/reports/Fallible-Audit-Report-19-04-2023.pdf) in April 2023.
|
Ente Photos a fait l'objet d'un audit par [Cure53](https://ente.io/blog/cryptography-audit) en mars 2023 et par [Fallible](https://ente.io/reports/Fallible-Audit-Report-19-04-2023.pdf) en avril 2023.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## PhotoPrism
|
## PhotoPrism
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@
|
|||||||
*[U2F]: Universal 2nd Factor
|
*[U2F]: Universal 2nd Factor
|
||||||
*[UEFI]: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
|
*[UEFI]: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
|
||||||
*[UDP]: User Datagram Protocol
|
*[UDP]: User Datagram Protocol
|
||||||
*[VPN]: Virtual Private Network
|
*[VPN]: شبكة افتراضية خاصة
|
||||||
*[VLAN]: الشبكة المحلية الافتراضية
|
*[VLAN]: الشبكة المحلية الافتراضية
|
||||||
*[VoIP]: Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
|
*[VoIP]: Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
|
||||||
*[W3C]: رابطة الشبكة العالمية
|
*[W3C]: رابطة الشبكة العالمية
|
||||||
*[XMPP]: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
|
*[XMPP]: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
|
||||||
*[PWA]: Progressive Web App
|
*[PWA]: تطبيق ويب تقدمي
|
||||||
*[PWAs]: تطبيقات الويب التقدمية
|
*[PWAs]: تطبيقات الويب التقدمية
|
||||||
*[WKD]: Web Key Directory
|
*[WKD]: Web Key Directory
|
||||||
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user