New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action

2025-11-02 22:56:30 +00:00 · 2023-07-22 04:04:23 +00:00
parent 6f3217b8b9
commit c853747d8a
185 changed files with 9416 additions and 2331 deletions
--- a/i18n/id/calendar.md
+++ b/i18n/id/calendar.md
@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should integrate with native OS calendar and contact management apps if applicable.
--- a/i18n/id/cloud.md
+++ b/i18n/id/cloud.md
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ They have also received the Digital Trust Label, a certification from the [Swiss

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Clients should be open-source.
 - Clients should be audited in their entirety by an independent third-party.
--- a/i18n/id/desktop-browsers.md
+++ b/i18n/id/desktop-browsers.md
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ These are some other [filter lists](https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/wiki/Dashb

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Includes built-in content blocking functionality.
 - Supports cookie compartmentalization (à la [Multi-Account Containers](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers)).
--- a/i18n/id/desktop.md
+++ b/i18n/id/desktop.md
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Nix is a source-based package manager; if there’s no pre-built available in th

    ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. It aims to provide privacy, security, and anonymity on the internet. Whonix is best used in conjunction with [Qubes OS](#qubes-os).
+    **Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](#kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. It aims to provide privacy, security, and anonymity on the internet. Whonix is best used in conjunction with [Qubes OS](#qubes-os).
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.whonix.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://www.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
@@ -152,33 +152,48 @@ By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypte

    ![Qubes OS logo](assets/img/qubes/qubes_os.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing. Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux, and can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
+    **Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (a.k.a. "Qubes"). Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux, and can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.qubes-os.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:material-arrow-right-drop-circle: Overview](os/qubes-overview.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
    [:simple-torbrowser:](http://qubesosfasa4zl44o4tws22di6kepyzfeqv3tg4e3ztknltfxqrymdad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/){ .card-link title=Documentation }
    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }

-Qubes OS is a Xen-based operating system meant to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (VMs), also known as *Qubes*.
+Qubes OS secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate VMs. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the system.

-The Qubes OS operating system secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate VMs. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the system. For further details see the Qubes [FAQ](https://www.qubes-os.org/faq/).
+For further information about how Qubes works, read our full [Qubes OS overview](os/qubes-overview.md) page.
+
+### Kicksecure
+
+While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually outdated" distributions like Debian for Desktop use in most cases, Kicksecure is a Debian-based operating system which has been hardened to be much more than a typical Linux install.
+
+!!! recommendation
+
+    ![Kicksecure logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/kicksecure.svg){ align=right }
+    
+    **Kicksecure**—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. It covers a lot of privacy and hardening recommendations by default. It also serves as the base OS for [Whonix](#whonix).
+    
+    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.kicksecure.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kicksecure){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }

 ## Kriteria

-**Harap diperhatikan bahwa kami tidak berafiliasi dengan proyek-proyek yang kami rekomendasikan.** Selain [kriteria standar kami](about/criteria.md), kami telah mengembangkan serangkaian persyaratan yang jelas untuk memungkinkan kami memberikan rekomendasi yang objektif. Kami sarankan Anda membiasakan diri dengan daftar ini sebelum memilih untuk menggunakan sebuah proyek, dan melakukan penelitian sendiri untuk memastikan bahwa itu adalah pilihan yang tepat untuk Anda.
+Choosing a Linux distro that is right for you will come down to a huge variety of personal preferences, and this page is **not** meant to be an exhaustive list of every viable distribution. Our Linux overview page has some advice on [choosing a distro](os/linux-overview.md#choosing-your-distribution) in more detail. The distros on *this* page do all generally follow the guidelines we covered there, and all meet these standards:

-!!! contoh "Bagian ini baru"
+- Free and open-source.
+- Receives regular software and kernel updates.
+- [Avoids X11](os/linux-overview.md#wayland).
+    - The notable exception here is Qubes, but the isolation issues which X11 typically has are avoided by virtualization. This isolation only applies to apps *running in different qubes* (virtual machines), apps running in the *same* qube are not protected from each other.
+- Supports full-disk encryption during installation.
+- Doesn't freeze regular releases for more than 1 year.
+    - We [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
+- Supports a wide variety of hardware.
+- Preference towards larger projects.
+    - Maintaining an operating system is a major challenge, and smaller projects have a tendency to make more avoidable mistakes, or delay critical updates (or worse, disappear entirely). We lean towards projects which will likely be around 10 years from now (whether that's due to corporate backing or very significant community support), and away from projects which are hand-built or have a small number of maintainers.

-    Kami sedang berupaya menetapkan kriteria yang jelas untuk setiap bagian dari situs kami, dan hal ini dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan mengenai kriteria kami, silakan [tanyakan di forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) dan jangan berasumsi bahwa kami tidak mempertimbangkan sesuatu saat membuat rekomendasi jika tidak tercantum di sini. Ada banyak faktor yang dipertimbangkan dan didiskusikan saat kami merekomendasikan sebuah proyek, dan mendokumentasikan setiap faktor tersebut merupakan sebuah pekerjaan yang sedang berjalan.
-
-Our recommended operating systems:
-
- Must be open-source.
- Must receive regular software and Linux kernel updates.
- Linux distributions must support [Wayland](os/linux-overview.md#wayland).
- Must support full-disk encryption during installation.
- Must not freeze regular releases for more than 1 year. We [do not recommend](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
- Must support a wide variety of hardware.
+In addition, [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md) for recommended projects still applies. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.**
--- a/i18n/id/email-clients.md
+++ b/i18n/id/email-clients.md
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Canary Mail is closed-source. We recommend it due to the few choices there are f

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should be open-source.
 - Should be cross-platform.
--- a/i18n/id/encryption.md
+++ b/i18n/id/encryption.md
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave.
 - File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms.
--- a/i18n/id/file-sharing.md
+++ b/i18n/id/file-sharing.md
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE

 #### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Has mobile clients for iOS and Android, which at least support document previews.
 - Supports photo backup from iOS and Android, and optionally supports file/folder sync on Android.
--- a/i18n/id/multi-factor-authentication.md
+++ b/i18n/id/multi-factor-authentication.md
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Nitrokey's firmware is open-source, unlike the YubiKey. The firmware on modern N

 #### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should be available in USB-C form-factor.
 - Should be available with NFC.
--- a/i18n/id/os/android-overview.md
+++ b/i18n/id/os/android-overview.md
@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@ icon: simple/android
 description: Android adalah sistem operasi sumber terbuka dengan perlindungan keamanan yang kuat, yang menjadikannya pilihan utama kami untuk ponsel.
 ---

-Android is a secure operating system that has strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.
+![Android logo](../assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }

-## Memilih Distribusi Android
+The **Android Open Source Project** is a secure mobile operating system featuring strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.
+
+## Our Advice
+
+### Memilih Distribusi Android

 Ketika Anda membeli ponsel Android, sistem operasi bawaan perangkat sering kali dilengkapi dengan integrasi invasif dengan aplikasi dan layanan yang bukan merupakan bagian dari [Android Open-Source Project](https://source.android.com/). Contohnya adalah Layanan Google Play, yang memiliki hak istimewa yang tidak dapat dibatalkan untuk mengakses file, penyimpanan kontak, log panggilan, pesan SMS, lokasi, kamera, mikrofon, pengidentifikasi perangkat keras, dan sebagainya. Aplikasi dan layanan ini meningkatkan permukaan serangan pada perangkat Anda dan merupakan sumber dari berbagai masalah privasi pada Android.

@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ Idealnya, ketika memilih distribusi Android kustom, Anda harus memastikan bahwa

 [Rekomendasi Sistem Android kami :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md ""){.md-button}

-## Avoid Rooting
+### Avoid Rooting

 [Rooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_(Android)) Android phones can decrease security significantly as it weakens the complete [Android security model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)#Security_and_privacy). Hal ini dapat mengurangi privasi jika ada eksploitasi yang dibantu oleh penurunan keamanan. Common rooting methods involve directly tampering with the boot partition, making it impossible to perform successful Verified Boot. Apps that require root will also modify the system partition meaning that Verified Boot would have to remain disabled. Having root exposed directly in the user interface also increases the [attack surface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_surface) of your device and may assist in [privilege escalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation) vulnerabilities and SELinux policy bypasses.

@@ -26,7 +30,21 @@ AFWall+ works based on the [packet filtering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire

 We do not believe that the security sacrifices made by rooting a phone are worth the questionable privacy benefits of those apps.

-## Verified Boot
+### Install Updates
+
+It's important to not use an [end-of-life](https://endoflife.date/android) version of Android. Versi Android yang lebih baru tidak hanya menerima pembaruan keamanan untuk sistem operasi, tetapi juga pembaruan penting untuk meningkatkan privasi.
+
+For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes) any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), or your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity); whereas now they must be system apps to do so. System apps are only provided by the OEM or Android distribution.
+
+### Sharing Media
+
+You can avoid giving many apps permission to access your media with Android's built-in sharing features. Many applications allow you to "share" a file with them for media upload.
+
+For example, if you want to post a picture to Discord you can open your file manager or gallery and share that picture with the Discord app, instead of granting Discord full access to your media and photos.
+
+## Security Protections
+
+### Verified Boot

 [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) is an important part of the Android security model. It provides protection against [evil maid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack) attacks, malware persistence, and ensures security updates cannot be downgraded with [rollback protection](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection).

@@ -38,7 +56,7 @@ Unfortunately, OEMs are only obliged to support Verified Boot on their stock And

 Many OEMs also have broken implementation of Verified Boot that you have to be aware of beyond their marketing. For example, the Fairphone 3 and 4 are not secure by default, as the [stock bootloader trusts the public AVB signing key](https://forum.fairphone.com/t/bootloader-avb-keys-used-in-roms-for-fairphone-3-4/83448/11). This breaks verified boot on a stock Fairphone device, as the system will boot alternative Android operating systems such (such as /e/) [without any warning](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/boot-flow#locked-devices-with-custom-root-of-trust) about custom operating system usage.

-## Pembaruan Firmware
+### Pembaruan Firmware

 Firmware updates are critical for maintaining security and without them your device cannot be secure. OEM memiliki perjanjian dukungan dengan mitra mereka untuk menyediakan komponen sumber tertutup untuk periode dukungan terbatas. These are detailed in the monthly [Android Security Bulletins](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin).

@@ -48,11 +66,7 @@ EOL devices which are no longer supported by the SoC manufacturer cannot receive

 Fairphone, misalnya, memasarkan perangkat mereka dengan dukungan selama 6 tahun. Namun, SoC (Qualcomm Snapdragon 750G pada Fairphone 4) memiliki tanggal EOL yang jauh lebih pendek. Ini berarti bahwa pembaruan keamanan firmware dari Qualcomm untuk Fairphone 4 akan berakhir pada bulan September 2023, terlepas dari apakah Fairphone terus merilis pembaruan keamanan perangkat lunak.

-## Versi Android
-
-It's important to not use an [end-of-life](https://endoflife.date/android) version of Android. Versi Android yang lebih baru tidak hanya menerima pembaruan keamanan untuk sistem operasi, tetapi juga pembaruan penting untuk meningkatkan privasi. For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes), any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity), whereas now they must be system apps to do so. System apps are only provided by the OEM or Android distribution.
-
-## Izin Android
+### Izin Android

 [Permissions on Android](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) grant you control over what apps are allowed to access. Google regularly makes [improvements](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions) on the permission system in each successive version. All apps you install are strictly [sandboxed](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), therefore, there is no need to install any antivirus apps.

@@ -93,17 +107,15 @@ An app may request a permission for a specific feature it has. For example, any

    Aplikasi ramah privasi seperti [Bitwarden](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.x8bit.bitwarden/latest/) dapat menampilkan beberapa pelacak seperti [Google Firebase Analytics] (https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/trackers/49/). This library includes [Firebase Cloud Messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging) which can provide [push notifications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology) in apps. Ini [adalah kasus] (https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden/109636825700482007) dengan Bitwarden. Itu tidak berarti bahwa Bitwarden menggunakan semua fitur analisis yang disediakan oleh Google Firebase Analytics.

-## Akses Media
+## Privacy Features

-Cukup banyak aplikasi yang memungkinkan Anda untuk "berbagi" file dengan mereka untuk mengunggah media. If you want to, for example, tweet a picture to Twitter, do not grant Twitter access to your "media and photos", because it will have access to all of your pictures then. Instead, go to your file manager (documentsUI), hold onto the picture, then share it with Twitter.
-
-## Profil Pengguna
+### Profil Pengguna

 Multiple user profiles can be found in **Settings** → **System** → **Multiple users** and are the simplest way to isolate in Android.

 With user profiles, you can impose restrictions on a specific profile, such as: making calls, using SMS, or installing apps on the device. Each profile is encrypted using its own encryption key and cannot access the data of any other profiles. Even the device owner cannot view the data of other profiles without knowing their password. Multiple user profiles are a more secure method of isolation.

-## Work Profile
+### Work Profile

 [Work Profiles](https://support.google.com/work/android/answer/6191949) are another way to isolate individual apps and may be more convenient than separate user profiles.

@@ -113,15 +125,15 @@ The work profile is dependent on a device controller to function. Features such

 This method is generally less secure than a secondary user profile; however, it does allow you the convenience of running apps in both the work and personal profiles simultaneously.

-## VPN Killswitch
+### VPN Killswitch

 Android 7 and above supports a VPN killswitch and it is available without the need to install third-party apps. This feature can prevent leaks if the VPN is disconnected. It can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Network & internet** → **VPN** → :gear: → **Block connections without VPN**.

-## Global Toggles
+### Global Toggles

 Modern Android devices have global toggles for disabling Bluetooth and location services. Android 12 introduced toggles for the camera and microphone. When not in use, we recommend disabling these features. Apps cannot use disabled features (even if granted individual permission) until re-enabled.

-## Google
+## Google Services

 If you are using a device with Google services, either your stock operating system or an operating system that safely sandboxes Google Play Services like GrapheneOS, there are a number of additional changes you can make to improve your privacy. We still recommend avoiding Google services entirely, or limiting Google Play services to a specific user/work profile by combining a device controller like *Shelter* with GrapheneOS's Sandboxed Google Play.

--- a/i18n/id/os/ios-overview.md
+++ b/i18n/id/os/ios-overview.md
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+---
+title: iOS Overview
+icon: simple/apple
+description: iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for the iPhone.
+---
+
+**iOS** and **iPadOS** are proprietary mobile operating systems developed by Apple for their iPhone and iPad products, respectively. If you have an Apple mobile device, you can increase your privacy by disabling some built-in telemetry features, and hardening some privacy and security settings which are built in to the system.
+
+## Privacy Notes
+
+iOS devices are frequently praised by security experts for their robust data protection and adherence to modern best-practices. However, the restrictiveness of Apple's ecosystem—particularly with their mobile devices—does still hamper privacy in a number of ways.
+
+We generally consider iOS to provide better than average privacy and security protections for most people, compared to stock Android devices from any manufacturer. However, you can achieve even higher standards of privacy with a [custom Android operating system](../android.md) like GrapheneOS, if you want or need to be completely independent of Apple or Google's cloud services.
+
+### Activation Lock
+
+All iOS devices must be checked against Apple's Activation Lock servers when they are initially set up or reset, meaning an internet connection is **required** to use an iOS device.
+
+### Mandatory App Store
+
+The only source for apps on iOS is Apple's App Store, which requires an Apple ID to access. This means that Apple has a record of every app you install on your device, and can likely tie that information to your actual identity if you provide the App Store with a payment method.
+
+### Invasive Telemetry
+
+Apple has historically had problems with properly anonymizing their telemetry on iOS. [In 2019](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/26/apple-contractors-regularly-hear-confidential-details-on-siri-recordings), Apple was found to transmit Siri recordings—some containing highly confidential information—to their servers for manual review by third-party contractors. While they temporarily stopped that program after that practice was [widely reported on](https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/23/20830120/apple-contractors-siri-recordings-listening-1000-a-day-globetech-microsoft-cortana), the problem wasn't completely resolved [until 2021](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/07/apple-overhauls-siri-to-address-privacy-concerns-and-improve-performance).
+
+More recently, Apple has been found to [transmit analytics even when analytics sharing is disabled](https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558) on iOS, and this data [appears](https://twitter.com/mysk_co/status/1594515229915979776) to be easily linked to unique iCloud account identifiers despite supposedly being anonymous. Apple has not fixed [these problems](https://gizmodo.com/clarence-thomas-aide-venmo-laywers-supreme-court-1850631585) as of July 2023.
+
+## Recommended Configuration
+
+### iCloud
+
+The majority of privacy and security concerns with Apple products are related to their cloud services, not their hardware or software. When you use Apple services like iCloud, most of your information is stored on their servers and secured with keys which Apple has access to by default. You can check [Apple's documentation](https://support.apple.com/HT202303) for information on which services are end-to-end encrypted. Anything listed as "in transit" or "on server" means it's possible for Apple to access that data without your permission. This level of access has occasionally been abused by law enforcement to get around the fact that your data is otherwise securely encrypted on your device, and of course Apple is vulnerable to data breaches like any other company.
+
+Therefore, if you do use iCloud you should [enable **Advanced Data Protection**](https://support.apple.com/HT212520). This encrypts nearly all of your iCloud data with keys stored on your devices (end-to-end encryption), rather than Apple's servers, so that your iCloud data is secured in the event of a data breach, and otherwise hidden from Apple.
+
+The encryption used by Advanced Data Protection, while strong, [is not *quite* as robust](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/apple-advances-user-security-with-powerful-new-data-protections/10778/4) as the encryption offered by other [cloud services](../cloud.md), particularly when it comes to iCloud Drive. While we strongly encourage using Advanced Data Protection if you use iCloud, we would also suggest considering finding an alternative to iCloud from a more [privacy-focused service provider](../tools.md), although it is unlikely most people would be impacted by these encryption quirks.
+
+You can also protect your data by limiting what you sync to iCloud in the first place. At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to iCloud. Select that, then **iCloud**, and turn off the switches for any services you don't want to sync to iCloud. You may see third-party apps listed under **Show All** if they sync to iCloud, which you can disable here.
+
+#### iCloud+
+
+A paid **iCloud+** subscription (with any iCloud storage plan) comes with some privacy-protecting functionality. While these may provide adequate service for current iCloud customers, we wouldn't recommend purchasing an iCloud+ plan over a [VPN](../vpn.md) and [standalone email aliasing service](../email.md#email-aliasing-services) just for these features alone.
+
+**Private Relay** is a proxy service which relays your Safari traffic through two servers: one owned by Apple and one owned by a third-party provider (including Akamai, Cloudflare, and Fastly). In theory this should prevent any single provider in the chain—including Apple—from having full visibility into which websites you visit while connected. Unlike a full VPN, Private Relay does not protect traffic from your apps outside of Safari.
+
+**Hide My Email** is Apple's email aliasing service. You can create an email aliases for free when you *Sign In With Apple* on a website or app, or generate unlimited aliases on demand with a paid iCloud+ plan. Hide My Email has the advantage of using the `@icloud.com` domain for its aliases, which may be less likely to be blocked compared to other email aliasing services, but does not offer functionality offered by standalone services such as automatic PGP encryption or multiple mailbox support.
+
+#### Media & Purchases
+
+At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to an Apple ID. Select that, then select **Media & Purchases** > **View Account**.
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Personalized Recommendations**
+
+#### Find My
+
+**Find My** is a service that lets you track your Apple devices and share your location with your friends and family. It also allows you to wipe your device remotely in case it is stolen, preventing a thief from accessing your data. Your Find My [location data is E2EE](https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/data/en/find-my/) when:
+
+- Your location is shared with a family member or friend, and you both use iOS 15 or greater.
+- Your device is offline and is located by the Find My Network.
+
+Your location data is not E2EE when your device is online and you use Find My iPhone remotely to locate your device. You will have to make the decision whether these trade-offs are worth the anti-theft benefits of Activation Lock.
+
+At the top of the **Settings** app, you'll see your name and profile picture if you are signed in to an Apple ID. Select that, then select **Find My**. Here you can choose whether to enable or disable Find My location features.
+
+### Settings
+
+Many other privacy-related settings can be found in the **Settings** app.
+
+#### Airplane Mode
+
+Enabling **Airplane Mode** stops your phone from contacting cell towers. You will still be able to connect to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, so whenever you are connected to Wi-Fi you can turn this setting on.
+
+#### Wi-Fi
+
+You can enable hardware address randomization to protect you from tracking across Wi-Fi networks. On the network you are currently connected to, press the :material-information: button:
+
+- [x] Turn on **Private Wi-Fi Address**
+
+You also have the option to **Limit IP Address Tracking**. This is similar to iCloud Private Relay but only affects connections to "known trackers." Because it only affects connections to potentially malicious servers, this setting is probably fine to leave enabled, but if you don't want *any* traffic to be routed through Apple's servers, you should turn it off.
+
+#### Bluetooth
+
+**Bluetooth** should be disabled when you aren't using it as it increases your attack surface. Disabling Bluetooth (or Wi-Fi) via the Control Center only disables it temporarily: you must switch it off in Settings for disabling it to remain effective.
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Bluetooth**
+
+#### General
+
+Your iPhone's device name will by default contain your first name, and this will be visible to anyone on networks you connect to. You should change this to something more generic, like "iPhone." Select **About** > **Name** and enter the device name you prefer.
+
+It is important to install **Software Updates** frequently to get the latest security fixes. You can enable **Automatic Updates** to keep your phone up-to-date without needing to constantly check for updates. Select **Software Update** > **Automatic Updates**:
+
+- [x] Turn on **Download iOS Updates**
+- [x] Turn on **Install iOS Updates**
+- [x] Turn on **Security Responses & System Files**
+
+**AirDrop** allows you to easily transfer files, but it can allow strangers to send you files you do not want.
+
+- [x] Select **AirDrop** > **Receiving Off**
+
+**AirPlay** lets you seamlessly stream content from your iPhone to a TV; however, you might not always want this. Select **AirPlay & Handoff** > **Automatically AirPlay to TVs**:
+
+- [x] Select **Never** or **Ask**
+
+**Background App Refresh** allows your apps to refresh their content while you're not using them. This may cause them to make unwanted connections. Turning this off can also save battery life, but it may affect an app's ability to receive updated information, particularly weather and messaging apps.
+
+Select **Background App Refresh** and switch off any apps you don't want to continue refreshing in the background. If you don't want any apps to refresh in the background, you can select **Background App Refresh** again and turn it **Off**.
+
+#### Siri & Search
+
+If you don't want anyone to be able to control your phone with Siri when it is locked, you can turn that off here.
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Allow Siri When Locked**
+
+#### Face ID/Touch ID & Passcode
+
+Setting a strong password on your phone is the most important step you can take for physical device security. You'll have to make tradeoffs here between security and convenience: A longer password will be annoying to type in every time, but a shorter password or PIN will be easier to guess. Setting up Face ID or Touch ID along with a strong password can be a good compromise between usability and security.
+
+Select **Turn Passcode On** or **Change Passcode** > **Passcode Options** > **Custom Alphanumeric Code**. Make sure that you create a [secure password](https://www.privacyguides.org/basics/passwords-overview/).
+
+If you wish to use Face ID or Touch ID, you can go ahead and set it up now. Your phone will use the password you set up earlier as a fallback in case your biometric verification fails. Biometric unlock methods are primarily a convenience, although they do stop surveillance cameras or people over your shoulder from watching you input your passcode.
+
+If you use biometrics, you should know how to turn them off quickly in an emergency. Holding down the side or power button and *either* volume button until you see the Slide to Power Off slider will disable biometrics, requiring your passcode to unlock. Your passcode will also be required after device restarts.
+
+On some older devices, you may have to press the power button five times to disable biometrics instead, or for devices with Touch ID you may just have to hold down the power button and nothing else. Make sure you try this in advance so you know which method works for your device.
+
+**Allow Access When Locked** gives you options for what you can allow when your phone is locked. The more of these options you disable, the less someone without your password can do, but the less convenient it will be for you. Pick and choose which of these you don't want someone to have access to if they get their hands on your phone.
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Today View and Search**
+- [ ] Turn off **Notification Center**
+- [ ] Turn off **Control Center**
+- [ ] Turn off **Lock Screen Widgets**
+- [ ] Turn off **Siri**
+- [ ] Turn off **Reply with Message**
+- [ ] Turn off **Home Control**
+- [ ] Turn off **Wallet**
+- [ ] Turn off **Return Missed Calls**
+- [ ] Turn off **USB Accessories**
+
+iPhones are already resistant to brute-force attacks by making you wait long periods of time after multiple failed attempts; however, there have historically been exploits to get around this. To be extra safe, you can set your phone to wipe itself after 10 failed passcode attempts.
+
+!!! peringatan
+
+    With this setting enabled, someone could intentionally wipe your phone by entering the wrong password many times. Make sure you have proper backups and only enable this setting if you feel comfortable with it.
+
+- [x] Turn on **Erase Data**
+
+#### Privasi
+
+**Location Services** allows you to use features like Find My and Maps. If you don't need these features, you can disable Location Services. Alternatively, you can review and pick which apps can use your location here. Select **Location Services**:
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Location Services**
+
+You can decide to allow apps to request to **track** you here. Disabling this disallows all apps from tracking you with your phone's advertising ID. Select **Tracking**:
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Allow Apps to Request to Track**
+
+You should turn off **Research Sensor & Usage Data** if you don't wish to participate in studies. Select **Research Sensor & Usage Data**:
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Sensor & Usage Data Collection**
+
+**Safety Check** allows you to quickly view and revoke certain people and apps that might have permission to access your data. Here you can perform an **Emergency Reset**, immediately resetting permissions for all people and apps which might have access to device resources, and you can **Manage Sharing & Access** which allows you to go through and customize who and what has access to your device and account resources.
+
+You should disable analytics if you don't wish to send Apple usage data. Select **Analytics & Improvements**:
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Share iPhone Analytics** or **Share iPhone & Watch Analytics**
+- [ ] Turn off **Share iCloud Analytics**
+- [ ] Turn off **Improve Fitness+**
+- [ ] Turn off **Improve Safety**
+- [ ] Turn off **Improve Siri & Dictation**
+
+Disable **Personalized Ads** if you don't want targeted ads. Select **Apple Advertising**
+
+- [ ] Turn off **Personalized Ads**
+
+**App Privacy Report** is a built-in tool that allows you to see which permissions your apps are using. Select **App Privacy Report**:
+
+- [x] Select **Turn On App Privacy Report**
+
+[Lockdown Mode](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/27/macos-ventura-privacy-security-updates/#lockdown-mode) is a security setting you can enable to make your phone more resistant to attacks. Be aware that certain apps and features [won't work](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212650) as they do normally.
+
+- [x] Select **Turn On Lockdown Mode**
+
+## Additional Advice
+
+### E2EE Calls
+
+Normal phone calls made with the Phone app through your carrier are not E2EE. Both FaceTime Video and FaceTime Audio calls are E2EE, or you can use [another app](../real-time-communication.md) like Signal.
+
+### Avoid Jailbreaking
+
+Jailbreaking an iPhone undermines its security and makes you vulnerable. Running untrusted, third-party software could cause your device to be infected with malware.
+
+### Encrypted iMessage
+
+The color of the message bubble in the Messages app indicates whether your messages are E2EE or not. A blue bubble indicates that you're using iMessage with E2EE, while a green bubble indicates they're using the outdated SMS and MMS protocols. Currently, the only way to get E2EE in Messages is for both parties to be using iMessage on Apple devices.
+
+If either you or your messaging partner have iCloud Backup enabled without Advanced Data Protection, the encryption key will be stored on Apple's servers, meaning they can access your messages. Additionally, iMessage's key exchange is not as secure as alternative implementations, like Signal (which allows you to view the recipients key and verify by QR code), so it shouldn't be relied on for particularly sensitive communications.
+
+### Blacking Out Faces/Information
+
+If you need to hide information in a photo, you can use Apple's built-in tools to do so. Open the photo you want to edit, press edit in the top right corner of the screen, then press the markup symbol at the top right. Press the plus at the bottom right of the screen, then press the rectangle icon. Now, you can place a rectangle anywhere on the image. Make sure to press the shape icon at the bottom left and select the filled-in rectangle. **Don't** use the highlighter to obfuscate information, because its opacity is not quite 100%.
+
+### iOS Betas
+
+Apple always makes beta versions of iOS available early for those that wish to help find and report bugs. We don't recommend installing beta software on your phone. Beta releases are potentially unstable and could have undiscovered security vulnerabilities.
+
+## Security Highlights
+
+### Before First Unlock
+
+If your threat model includes forensic tools and you want to minimize the chance of exploits being used to access your phone, you should restart your device frequently. The state *after* a reboot but *before* unlocking your device is referred to as "Before First Unlock" (BFU), and when your device is in that state it makes it [significantly more difficult](https://belkasoft.com/checkm8_glossary) for forensic tools to exploit vulnerabilities to access your data. This BFU state allows you to receive notifications for calls, texts, and alarms, but most of the data on your device is still encrypted and inaccessible. This can be impractical, so consider whether these trade-offs make sense for your situation.
--- a/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md
+++ b/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md
@@ -4,33 +4,45 @@ icon: simple/linux
 description: Linux is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative, but not all distribitions are created equal.
 ---

-It is often believed that [open-source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software) software is inherently secure because the source code is available. There is an expectation that community verification occurs regularly; however, this isn’t always [the case](https://seirdy.one/posts/2022/02/02/floss-security/). It does depend on a number of factors, such as project activity, developer experience, level of rigor applied to [code reviews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review), and how often attention is given to specific parts of the [codebase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebase) that may go untouched for years.
+**Linux** is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system alternative. In the face of pervasive telemetry and other privacy-encroaching technologies in mainstream operating systems, Linux desktop has remained the clear choice for people looking for total control over their computers from the ground up.

-At the moment, desktop Linux does have some areas that could be better improved when compared to their proprietary counterparts, e.g.:
-
- A verified boot chain, like Apple’s [Secure Boot](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/startup-security-utility-secc7b34e5b5/web) (with [Secure Enclave](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secure-enclave-sec59b0b31ff/1/web/1)), Android’s [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), ChromeOS' [Verified boot](https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/chromiumos-design-docs/security-overview/#verified-boot), or Microsoft Windows’s [boot process](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process) with [TPM](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm). These features and hardware technologies can all help prevent persistent tampering by malware or [evil maid attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_Maid_attack)
- A strong sandboxing solution such as that found in [macOS](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/AppSandboxDesignGuide/AboutAppSandbox/AboutAppSandbox.html), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/HEAD/sandboxing.md), and [Android](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox). Commonly used Linux sandboxing solutions such as [Flatpak](https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/sandbox-permissions.html) and [Firejail](https://firejail.wordpress.com/) still have a long way to go
- Strong [exploit mitigations](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/linux.html#exploit-mitigations)
-
-Despite these drawbacks, desktop Linux distributions are great if you want to:
-
- Avoid telemetry that often comes with proprietary operating systems
- Maintain [software freedom](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms)
- Have privacy focused systems such as [Whonix](https://www.whonix.org) or [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/)
-
-Our website generally uses the term “Linux” to describe desktop Linux distributions. Other operating systems which also use the Linux kernel such as ChromeOS, Android, and Qubes OS are not discussed here.
+Our website generally uses the term “Linux” to describe **desktop** Linux distributions. Other operating systems which also use the Linux kernel such as ChromeOS, Android, and Qubes OS are not discussed on this page.

 [Our Linux Recommendations :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md ""){.md-button}

+## Privacy Notes
+
+There are some notable privacy concerns with Linux which you should be aware of. Despite these drawbacks, desktop Linux distributions are still great for most people who want to:
+
+- Avoid telemetry that often comes with proprietary operating systems
+- Maintain [software freedom](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms)
+- Use privacy focused systems such as [Whonix](https://www.whonix.org) or [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/)
+
+### Open Source Security
+
+It is a [common misconception](../basics/common-misconceptions.md#open-source-software-is-always-secure-or-proprietary-software-is-more-secure) that Linux and other open-source software is inherently secure simply because the source code is available. There is an expectation that community verification occurs regularly, but this isn’t always [the case](https://seirdy.one/posts/2022/02/02/floss-security/).
+
+In reality, distro security depends on a number of factors, such as project activity, developer experience, the level of rigor applied to code reviews, and how often attention is given to specific parts of the codebase that may go untouched for years.
+
+### Missing Security Features
+
+At the moment, desktop Linux [falls behind alternatives](https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/fedora-strategy-2028-proposal-fedora-linux-is-as-secure-as-macos/46899/9) like macOS or Android when it comes to certain security features. We hope to see improvements in these areas in the future.
+
+- **Verified boot** on Linux is not as robust as alternatives such as Apple’s [Secure Boot](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/secac71d5623/web) or Android’s [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot). Verified boot prevents persistent tampering by malware and [evil maid attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_Maid_attack), but is still largely [unavailable on even the most advanced distributions](https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/has-silverblue-achieved-verified-boot/27251/3).
+
+- **Strong sandboxing** for apps on Linux is severely lacking, even with containerized apps like Flatpaks or sandboxing solutions like Firejail. Flatpak is the most promising sandboxing utility for Linux thus far, but is still deficient in many areas and allows for [unsafe defaults](https://flatkill.org/2020/) which allow most apps to trivially bypass their sandbox.
+
+Additionally, Linux falls behind in implementing [exploit mitigations](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/linux.html#exploit-mitigations) which are now standard on other operating systems, such as Arbitrary Code Guard on Windows or Hardened Runtime on macOS. Also, most Linux programs and Linux itself are coded in memory-unsafe languages. Memory corruption bugs are responsible for the [majority of vulnerabilities](https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2019/07/a-proactive-approach-to-more-secure-code/) fixed and assigned a CVE. While this is also true for Windows and macOS, they are quickly making progress on adopting memory-safe languages—such as Rust and Swift, respectively—while there is no similar effort to rewrite Linux in a memory-safe language like Rust.
+
 ## Choosing your distribution

-Not all Linux distributions are created equal. While our Linux recommendation page is not meant to be an authoritative source on which distribution you should use, there are a few things you should keep in mind when choosing which distribution to use.
+Not all Linux distributions are created equal. Our [Linux recommendation page](../desktop.md) is not meant to be an authoritative source on which distribution you should use, but our recommendations *are* aligned with the following guidelines. These are a few things you should keep in mind when choosing a distribution:

 ### Release cycle

 We highly recommend that you choose distributions which stay close to the stable upstream software releases, often referred to as rolling release distributions. This is because frozen release cycle distributions often don’t update package versions and fall behind on security updates.

-For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.
+For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/security/faq#handling), package maintainers are expected to backport patches to fix vulnerabilities rather than bump the software to the “next version” released by the upstream developer. Some security fixes [do not](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14565) receive a [CVE ID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures) (particularly less popular software) at all and therefore do not make it into the distribution with this patching model. As a result minor security fixes are sometimes held back until the next major release.

 We don’t believe holding packages back and applying interim patches is a good idea, as it diverges from the way the developer might have intended the software to work. [Richard Brown](https://rootco.de/aboutme/) has a presentation about this:

@@ -54,28 +66,28 @@ The Atomic update method is used for immutable distributions like Silverblue, Tu

 ### “Security-focused” distributions

-There is often some confusion between “security-focused” distributions and “pentesting” distributions. A quick search for “the most secure Linux distribution” will often give results like Kali Linux, Black Arch and Parrot OS. These distributions are offensive penetration testing distributions that bundle tools for testing other systems. They don’t include any “extra security” or defensive mitigations intended for regular use.
+There is often some confusion between “security-focused” distributions and “pentesting” distributions. A quick search for “the most secure Linux distribution” will often give results like Kali Linux, Black Arch, or Parrot OS. These distributions are offensive penetration testing distributions that bundle tools for testing other systems. They don’t include any “extra security” or defensive mitigations intended for regular use.

 ### Arch-based distributions

-Arch based distributions are not recommended for those new to Linux, (regardless of distribution) as they require regular [system maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance). Arch does not have an distribution update mechanism for the underlying software choices. As a result you have to stay aware with current trends and adopt technologies as they supersede older practices on your own.
+Arch and Arch-based distributions are not recommended for those new to Linux (regardless of distribution) as they require regular [system maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance). Arch does not have a distribution update mechanism for the underlying software choices. As a result you have to stay aware with current trends and adopt technologies as they supersede older practices on your own.

 For a secure system, you are also expected to have sufficient Linux knowledge to properly set up security for their system such as adopting a [mandatory access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control) system, setting up [kernel module](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Security) blacklists, hardening boot parameters, manipulating [sysctl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl) parameters, and knowing what components they need such as [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit).

-Anyone using the [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository), **must** be comfortable in auditing PKGBUILDs that they install from that service. AUR packages are community-produced content and are not vetted in any way, and therefore are vulnerable to software supply chain attacks, which has in fact happened [in the past](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/). AUR should always be used sparingly and often there is a lot of bad advice on various pages which direct people to blindly use [AUR helpers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) without sufficient warning. Similar warnings apply to use third-party Personal Package Archives (PPAs) on Debian based distributions or Community Projects (COPR) on Fedora.
+Anyone using the [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository) **must** be comfortable auditing PKGBUILDs that they download from that service. AUR packages are community-produced content and are not vetted in any way, and therefore are vulnerable to software supply chain attacks, which has in fact happened [in the past](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/).

-If you are experienced with Linux and wish to use an Arch-based distribution, we only recommend mainline Arch Linux, not any of its derivatives. We recommend against these two Arch derivatives specifically:
+The AUR should always be used sparingly, and often there is a lot of bad advice on various pages which direct people to blindly use [AUR helpers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) without sufficient warning. Similar warnings apply to use third-party Personal Package Archives (PPAs) on Debian based distributions or Community Projects (COPR) on Fedora.
+
+If you are experienced with Linux and wish to use an Arch-based distribution, we generally recommend mainline Arch Linux over any of its derivatives.
+
+Additionally, we recommend **against** these two Arch derivatives specifically:

 - **Manjaro**: This distribution holds packages back for 2 weeks to make sure that their own changes don’t break, not to make sure that upstream is stable. When AUR packages are used, they are often built against the latest [libraries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)) from Arch’s repositories.
 - **Garuda**: They use [Chaotic-AUR](https://aur.chaotic.cx/) which automatically and blindly compiles packages from the AUR. There is no verification process to make sure that the AUR packages don’t suffer from supply chain attacks.

-### Kicksecure
-
-While we strongly recommend against using outdated distributions like Debian, there is a Debian based operating system that has been hardened to be much more secure than typical Linux distributions: [Kicksecure](https://www.kicksecure.com/). Kicksecure, in oversimplified terms, is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. It covers a lot of privacy and hardening recommendations by default.
-
 ### Linux-libre kernel and “Libre” distributions

-We strongly recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes security mitigations](https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) and [suppresses kernel warnings](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) about vulnerable microcode for ideological reasons.
+We recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes security mitigations](https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) and [suppresses kernel warnings](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) about vulnerable microcode.

 ## General Recommendations

@@ -87,11 +99,13 @@ Most Linux distributions have an option within its installer for enabling [LUKS]

 ### Swap

-Consider using [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram#Using_zram-generator) or [encrypted swap](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) instead of unencrypted swap to avoid potential security issues with sensitive data being pushed to [swap space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging). Fedora based distributions [use ZRAM by default](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).
+Consider using [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram#Using_zram-generator) instead of a traditional swap file or partition to avoid writing potentially sensitive memory data to persistent storage (and improve performance). Fedora-based distributions [use ZRAM by default](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).
+
+If you require suspend-to-disk (hibernation) functionality, you will still need to use a traditional swap file or partition. Make sure that any swap space you do have on a persistent storage device is [encrypted](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) at a minimum to mitigate some of these threats.

 ### Wayland

-We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147/). Its predecessor, [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System), does not support GUI isolation, allowing all windows to [record screen, log and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences and are not convenient to set up and are not preferable over Wayland.
+We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol, as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147/). Its predecessor ([X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System)) does not support GUI isolation, which allows any window to [record, log, and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences, and are neither convenient to set up nor preferable over Wayland.

 Fortunately, common environments such as [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org), [KDE](https://kde.org), and the window manager [Sway](https://swaywm.org) have support for Wayland. Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://www.phoronix.com/news/X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).

@@ -99,15 +113,15 @@ We recommend **against** using desktop environments or window managers that do n

 ### Proprietary Firmware (Microcode Updates)

-Linux distributions such as those which are [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre) or DIY (Arch Linux) don’t come with the proprietary [microcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode) updates that often patch vulnerabilities. Some notable examples of these vulnerabilities include [Spectre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)), [Meltdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)), [SSB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass), [Foreshadow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadow), [MDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling), [SWAPGS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAPGS_(security_vulnerability)), and other [hardware vulnerabilities](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html).
+Some Linux distributions (such as [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre)-based or DIY distros) don’t come with the proprietary [microcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode) updates which patch critical security vulnerabilities. Some notable examples of these vulnerabilities include [Spectre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)), [Meltdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)), [SSB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass), [Foreshadow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadow), [MDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling), [SWAPGS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAPGS_(security_vulnerability)), and other [hardware vulnerabilities](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html).

-We **highly recommend** that you install the microcode updates, as your CPU is already running the proprietary microcode from the factory. Fedora and openSUSE both have the microcode updates applied by default.
+We **highly recommend** that you install microcode updates, as they contain important security patches for the CPU which can not be fully mitigated in software alone. Fedora and openSUSE both have the microcode updates applied by default.

 ### Updates

 Most Linux distributions will automatically install updates or remind you to do so. It is important to keep your OS up to date so that your software is patched when a vulnerability is found.

-Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more barebones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.
+Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more bare bones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.

 Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automatically. For that you will need to install [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd).

@@ -115,7 +129,7 @@ Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automaticall

 ### MAC Address Randomization

-Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) will come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager), to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings.
+Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings.

 It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous.

@@ -123,7 +137,7 @@ We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as sugges

 If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=).

-There isn’t many points in randomizing the MAC address for Ethernet connections as a system administrator can find you by looking at the port you are using on the [network switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch). Randomizing Wi-Fi MAC addresses depends on support from the Wi-Fi’s firmware.
+MAC address randomization is primarily beneficial for Wi-Fi connections. For Ethernet connections, randomizing your MAC address provides little (if any) benefit, because a network administrator can trivially identify your device by other means (such as inspecting the port you are connected to on the network switch). Randomizing Wi-Fi MAC addresses depends on support from the Wi-Fi’s firmware.

 ### Other Identifiers

--- a/i18n/id/os/qubes-overview.md
+++ b/i18n/id/os/qubes-overview.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ icon: simple/qubesos
 description: Qubes adalah sistem operasi yang dibangun dengan mengisolasi aplikasi di dalam mesin virtual untuk meningkatkan keamanan.
 ---

-[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) adalah sistem operasi yang menggunakan hypervisor [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) untuk memberikan keamanan yang kuat untuk komputasi desktop melalui mesin virtual yang terisolasi. Setiap VM disebut *Qube* dan Anda dapat menetapkan tingkat kepercayaan untuk setiap Qube berdasarkan tujuannya. Karena Qubes OS menyediakan keamanan dengan menggunakan isolasi, dan hanya mengizinkan tindakan berdasarkan kasus per kasus, ini merupakan kebalikan dari [badness enumeration](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/).
+[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) adalah sistem operasi sumber terbuka yang menggunakan hypervisor [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) untuk memberikan keamanan yang kuat untuk komputasi desktop melalui mesin virtual yang terisolasi. Setiap VM disebut *Qube* dan Anda dapat menetapkan tingkat kepercayaan untuk setiap Qube berdasarkan tujuannya. Karena Qubes OS menyediakan keamanan dengan menggunakan isolasi, dan hanya mengizinkan tindakan berdasarkan basis per kasus, ini merupakan kebalikan dari [enumerasi kejahatan](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/).

 ## Bagaimana cara kerja Qubes OS?

--- a/i18n/id/passwords.md
+++ b/i18n/id/passwords.md
@@ -175,13 +175,13 @@ Kode sisi server Bitwarden adalah [open-source](https://github.com/bitwarden/ser

    ![Logo 1Password](assets/img/password-management/1password.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **1Password** adalah pengelola kata sandi dengan fokus yang kuat pada keamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan, yang memungkinkan Anda menyimpan kata sandi, kartu kredit, lisensi perangkat lunak, dan informasi sensitif lainnya dalam brankas digital yang aman. Brankas Anda di-host di server 1Password dengan biaya [biaya bulanan] (https://1password.com/sign-up/). 1Password sudah [teraudit](https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/) secara teratur dan menyediakan dukungan pelanggan yang bagus. 1Password is closed source; however, the security of the product is thoroughly documented in their [security white paper](https://1passwordstatic.com/files/security/1password-white-paper.pdf).
+    **1Password** adalah pengelola kata sandi dengan fokus yang kuat pada keamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan, yang memungkinkan Anda menyimpan kata sandi, kartu kredit, lisensi perangkat lunak, dan informasi sensitif lainnya dalam brankas digital yang aman. Brankas Anda di-host di server 1Password dengan biaya [biaya bulanan] (https://1password.com/sign-up/). 1Password sudah [teraudit](https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/) secara teratur dan menyediakan dukungan pelanggan yang bagus. 1Password memiliki sumber yang tertutup; namun, keamanan produk didokumentasikan secara menyeluruh dalam [laporan resmi keamanan] (https://1passwordstatic.com/files/security/1password-white-paper.pdf) mereka.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://1password.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://1password.com/legal/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.1password.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://1password.com/legal/privacy/){ .card-link title="Kebijakan Privasi" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.1password.com/){ .card-link title=Dokumentasi}
    
-    ??? downloads
+    ??? unduhan
    
        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.onepassword.android)
        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1511601750?mt=8)
@@ -189,24 +189,24 @@ Kode sisi server Bitwarden adalah [open-source](https://github.com/bitwarden/ser
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://1password.com/downloads/mac/)
        - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://1password.com/downloads/linux/)

-Traditionally, **1Password** has offered the best password manager user experience for people using macOS and iOS; however, it has now achieved feature-parity across all platforms. It boasts many features geared towards families and less technical people, as well as advanced functionality.
+Secara tradisional, **1Password** telah menawarkan pengalaman pengguna pengelola kata sandi terbaik untuk orang-orang yang menggunakan macOS dan iOS; namun, kini telah mencapai kesamaan fitur di semua platform. Aplikasi ini memiliki banyak fitur yang ditujukan untuk keluarga dan orang yang kurang teknis, serta fungsionalitas yang canggih.

-Your 1Password vault is secured with both your master password and a randomized 34-character security key to encrypt your data on their servers. This security key adds a layer of protection to your data because your data is secured with high entropy regardless of your master password. Many other password manager solutions are entirely reliant on the strength of your master password to secure your data.
+Brankas 1Password Anda diamankan dengan kata sandi utama dan kunci keamanan 34 karakter yang diacak untuk mengenkripsi data Anda di server mereka. Kunci keamanan ini menambahkan lapisan perlindungan pada data Anda karena data Anda diamankan dengan entropi yang tinggi terlepas dari kata sandi utama Anda. Banyak solusi pengelola kata sandi lainnya yang sepenuhnya bergantung pada kekuatan kata sandi utama Anda untuk mengamankan data Anda.

-One advantage 1Password has over Bitwarden is its first-class support for native clients. While Bitwarden relegates many duties, especially account management features, to their web vault interface, 1Password makes nearly every feature available within its native mobile or desktop clients. 1Password's clients also have a more intuitive UI, which makes them easier to use and navigate.
+Satu keunggulan yang dimiliki 1Password dibandingkan Bitwarden adalah dukungan kelas satu untuk klien asli. Sementara Bitwarden mendelegasikan banyak tugas, terutama fitur manajemen akun, pada antarmuka brankas web mereka, 1Password membuat hampir semua fitur tersedia dalam klien seluler atau desktop aslinya. Klien-klien 1Password juga memiliki UI yang lebih intuitif, yang membuatnya lebih mudah digunakan dan dinavigasi.

 ### Psono

 !!! recommendation

-    ![Psono logo](assets/img/password-management/psono.svg){ align=right }
+    ![Logo Psono](assets/img/password-management/psono.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **Psono** is a free and open-source password manager from Germany, with a focus on password management for teams. Psono supports secure sharing of passwords, files, bookmarks, and emails. All secrets are protected by a master password.
+    **Psono** adalah pengelola kata sandi gratis dan bersumber terbuka dari Jerman, dengan fokus pada pengelolaan kata sandi untuk tim. Psono mendukung berbagi kata sandi, file, penanda, dan email dengan aman. Semua rahasia dilindungi oleh kata sandi utama.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://psono.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://psono.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://doc.psono.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/psono){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://psono.com/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Kebijakan Privasi" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://doc.psono.com){ .card-link title=Dokumentasi}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/psono){ .card-link title="Kode Sumber" }
    
    ??? unduhan
    
@@ -236,30 +236,30 @@ Psono menyediakan dokumentasi ekstensif untuk produk mereka. Klien web untuk Pso

 #### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

- Telemetry should be opt-in (disabled by default) or not collected at all.
- Should be open-source and reasonably self-hostable.
+- Telemetri harus bersifat opsional (dinonaktifkan secara default) atau tidak dikumpulkan sama sekali.
+- Harus bersumber terbuka dan dapat dihosting sendiri.

-## Local Storage
+## Penyimpanan Lokal

-These options allow you to manage an encrypted password database locally.
+Opsi ini memungkinkan Anda untuk mengelola basis data kata sandi terenkripsi secara lokal.

 ### KeePassXC

 !!! recommendation

-    ![KeePassXC logo](assets/img/password-management/keepassxc.svg){ align=right }
+    ![Logo KeePassXC](assets/img/pengelolaan kata sandi/keepassxc.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **KeePassXC** is a community fork of KeePassX, a native cross-platform port of KeePass Password Safe, with the goal to extend and improve it with new features and bugfixes to provide a feature-rich, cross-platform and modern open-source password manager.
+    **KeePassXC** adalah sebuah fork komunitas dari KeePassX, sebuah port lintas platform asli dari KeePass Password Safe, dengan tujuan untuk memperluas dan memperbaikinya dengan fitur-fitur baru dan perbaikan bug untuk menyediakan sebuah pengelola kata sandi yang kaya akan fitur, lintas platform, dan modern bersumber terbuka.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://keepassxc.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://keepassxc.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://keepassxc.org/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://keepassxc.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://keepassxc.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Kebijakan Privasi" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://keepassxc.org/docs/){ .card-link title=Dokumentasi}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc){ .card-link title="Kode Sumber" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://keepassxc.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Kontribusi }
    
-    ??? downloads
+    ??? unduhan
    
        - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://keepassxc.org/download/#windows)
        - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://keepassxc.org/download/#mac)
@@ -268,22 +268,22 @@ These options allow you to manage an encrypted password database locally.
        - [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/keepassxc-browser)
        - [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/keepassxc-browser/oboonakemofpalcgghocfoadofidjkkk)

-KeePassXC stores its export data as [CSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values) files. This may mean data loss if you import this file into another password manager. We advise you check each record manually.
+KeePassXC menyimpan data ekspornya sebagai file [CSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values). Hal ini dapat menyebabkan hilangnya data jika Anda mengimpor file ini ke pengelola kata sandi lain. Kami menyarankan Anda memeriksa setiap catatan secara manual.

 ### KeePassDX (Android)

 !!! recommendation

-    ![KeePassDX logo](assets/img/password-management/keepassdx.svg){ align=right }
+    ![Logo KeePassDX](assets/img/pengelolaan kata sandi/keepassdx.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **KeePassDX** is a lightweight password manager for Android, allows editing encrypted data in a single file in KeePass format and can fill in the forms in a secure way. [Contributor Pro](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kunzisoft.keepass.pro) allows unlocking cosmetic content and non-standard protocol features, but more importantly, it helps and encourages development.
+    **KeePassDX** adalah pengelola kata sandi yang ringan untuk Android, memungkinkan pengeditan data terenkripsi dalam satu file dalam format KeePass dan dapat mengisi formulir dengan cara yang aman. [Contributor Pro] (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kunzisoft.keepass.pro) memungkinkan untuk membuka konten kosmetik dan fitur protokol non-standar, tetapi yang lebih penting lagi, ini membantu dan mendorong pengembangan.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.keepassdx.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.keepassdx.com/#donation){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX/wiki){ .card-link title=Dokumentasi}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX){ .card-link title="Kode Sumber" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.keepassdx.com/#donation){ .card-link title=Kontribusi }
    
-    ??? downloads
+    ??? unduhan
    
        - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kunzisoft.keepass.free)
        - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX/releases)
@@ -292,17 +292,17 @@ KeePassXC stores its export data as [CSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-se

 !!! recommendation

-    ![Strongbox logo](assets/img/password-management/strongbox.svg){ align=right }
+    ![Logo Strongbox](assets/img/password-management/strongbox.svg){ align=right }
    
-    **Strongbox** is a native, open-source password manager for iOS and macOS. Supporting both KeePass and Password Safe formats, Strongbox can be used in tandem with other password managers, like KeePassXC, on non-Apple platforms. By employing a [freemium model](https://strongboxsafe.com/pricing/), Strongbox offers most features under its free tier with more convenience-oriented [features](https://strongboxsafe.com/comparison/)—such as biometric authentication—locked behind a subscription or perpetual license.
+    **Strongbox** adalah pengelola kata sandi sumber terbuka untuk iOS dan macOS. Mendukung format KeePass dan Password Safe, Strongbox bisa digunakan bersamaan dengan pengelola kata sandi lainnya, seperti KeePassXC, pada platform non-Apple. Dengan menggunakan [model freemium] (https://strongboxsafe.com/pricing/), Strongbox menawarkan sebagian besar fitur di bawah tingkat gratisnya dengan lebih berorientasi pada kenyamanan [features](https://strongboxsafe.com/comparison/) - seperti otentikasi biometrik - yang terkunci di balik langganan atau lisensi abadi.
    
    [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://strongboxsafe.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://strongboxsafe.com/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-    [:octicons-info-16:](https://strongboxsafe.com/getting-started/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/strongbox-password-safe/Strongbox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/strongbox-password-safe/Strongbox#supporting-development){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+    [:octicons-eye-16:](https://strongboxsafe.com/privacy/){ .card-link title="Kebijakan Privasi" }
+    [:octicons-info-16:](https://strongboxsafe.com/getting-started/){ .card-link title=Dokumentasi}
+    [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/strongbox-password-safe/Strongbox){ .card-link title="Kode Sumber" }
+    [:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/strongbox-password-safe/Strongbox#supporting-development){ .card-link title=Kontribusi }
    
-    ??? downloads
+    ??? unduhan
    
        - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/strongbox-keepass-pwsafe/id897283731)

--- a/i18n/id/productivity.md
+++ b/i18n/id/productivity.md
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could

 #### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should store files in a conventional filesystem.
 - Should support TOTP or FIDO2 multi-factor authentication support, or Passkey logins.
@@ -169,6 +169,6 @@ In general, we define office suites as applications which could reasonably act a

 #### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should have a published audit from a reputable, independent third-party.
--- a/i18n/id/real-time-communication.md
+++ b/i18n/id/real-time-communication.md
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Session has a [whitepaper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04609.pdf) describing the

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should have Forward Secrecy.
 - Should have open-source servers.
--- a/i18n/id/search-engines.md
+++ b/i18n/id/search-engines.md
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Startpage's majority shareholder is System1 who is an adtech company. We don't b

 ### Kasus Terbaik

-Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
+Kriteria kasus terbaik kami mewakili apa yang ingin kami lihat dari proyek yang sempurna dalam kategori ini. Rekomendasi kami mungkin tidak menyertakan salah satu atau semua fungsi ini, tetapi rekomendasi yang menyertakan fungsi ini mungkin memiliki peringkat yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain di halaman ini.

 - Should be based on open-source software.
 - Should not block Tor exit node IP addresses.
--- a/i18n/id/tools.md
+++ b/i18n/id/tools.md
@@ -450,6 +450,7 @@ Kami [merekomendasikan](dns.md#recommended-providers) sejumlah server DNS terenk
 - ![nixOS logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/nixos.svg){ .twemoji } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
 - ![Whonix logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/whonix.svg){ .twemoji } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
 - ![Tails logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/tails.svg){ .twemoji } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
+- ![Kicksecure logo](assets/img/linux-desktop/kicksecure.svg){ .twemoji } [Kicksecure](desktop.md#kicksecure)

 </div>