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---
title: 安全金鑰
icon: material/key-chain
description: These security keys provide a form of phishing-immune authentication for accounts that support it.
description: 這些安全金鑰為支援此功能的帳號提供防釣魚的身份驗證方式。
cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
---
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
- [:material-target-account: 針對性攻擊](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals){ .pg-red }
- [:material-bug-outline: 被動攻擊](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy){ .pg-orange }
實體**安全金鑰**可為線上帳戶添加強大的保護層。 Compared to [authenticator apps](multi-factor-authentication.md), the [FIDO2](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online) security key protocol is immune to phishing, and cannot be compromised without physical possession of the key itself. Many services support FIDO2/WebAuthn as a multifactor authentication option for securing your account, and some services allow you to use a security key as a strong single-factor authenticator with passwordless authentication.
實體**安全金鑰**可為線上帳戶添加強大的保護層。 與[驗證器應用程式](multi-factor-authentication.md)相比，[FIDO2](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md#fido-fast-identity-online) 安全金鑰協定不受網路釣魚的影響，除非實際持有金鑰實體，否則無法遭破解。 許多服務支援 FIDO2/WebAuthn 作為保護帳號安全的多重要素驗證選項，某些服務更可以使用安全金鑰作為無密碼身份驗證的強大單要素身份驗證選項。
## YubiKey 安全金鑰
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
![Security Key Series by Yubico](assets/img/security-keys/yubico-security-key.webp){ width="315" }
</figure>
The **Yubico Security Key** series is the most cost-effective hardware security key with FIDO Level 2 certification[^1]. It supports FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F), and works out of the box with most services that support a security key as a second factor, as well as many password managers.
**Yubico Security Key** 系列是具備 FIDO 2 級認證[^1]的最具成本效益硬體安全金鑰。 它支援 FIDO2/WebAuthn 及 FIDO 通用第二要素 (U2F)，並可立即與多數支援安全金鑰作為第二驗證要素的服務，以及眾多密碼管理工具配合使用。
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://yubico.com/products/security-key){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-home-16: 首頁](https://yubico.com/products/security-key){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="隱私權政策" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title="文件" }
</details>
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ The **Yubico Security Key** series is the most cost-effective hardware security
此金鑰僅提供基本的 FIDO2 功能，但對於大多數人來說就足夠其需求。 安全金鑰系列**不具備**的功能為：
- [Yubico Authenticator](https://yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator)
- CCID Smart Card support (PIV-compatible)
- CCID 智慧卡支援（相容 PIV）
- OpenPGP
If you need any of those features, you should consider their higher-end [YubiKey](#yubikey) series instead.
若您需要這些功能，則應考慮高階版 [YubiKey](#yubikey) 系列。
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
@@ -55,21 +55,21 @@ Yubico 安全金鑰的韌體不可更新。 如果您想要使用較新韌體版
![YubiKeys](assets/img/security-keys/yubikey.png){ width="400" }
</figure>
The **YubiKey** series from Yubico are among the most popular security keys with FIDO Level 2 Certification[^1]. The **YubiKey 5 Series** has a wide range of features such as FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO U2F, [TOTP and HOTP](https://developers.yubico.com/OATH) authentication, [Personal Identity Verification (PIV)](https://developers.yubico.com/PIV), and [OpenPGP](https://developers.yubico.com/PGP).
Yubico 的 **YubiKey** 系列是獲得 FIDO 2 級認證[^1]的最受歡迎安全金鑰之一。 **YubiKey 5 系列**具備多種功能，例如 FIDO2/WebAuthn 與 FIDO U2F，[TOTP 與 HOTP](https://developers.yubico.com/OATH)、[個人身份驗證 (PIV)](https://developers.yubico.com/PIV) 與 [OpenPGP](https://developers.yubico.com/PGP)。
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://yubico.com/products/yubikey-5-overview){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-home-16: 首頁](https://yubico.com/products/yubikey-5-overview){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://yubico.com/support/terms-conditions/privacy-notice){ .card-link title="隱私權政策" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.yubico.com){ .card-link title="文件" }
</details>
</div>
The [comparison table](https://yubico.com/store/compare) shows how the YubiKeys compare to each other and to Yubico's [Security Key](#yubico-security-key) series in terms of features and other specifications. YubiKey 好處之一是，一支可以滿足對安全金鑰硬體的全部期待。 We encourage you to take their [quiz](https://yubico.com/quiz) before purchasing in order to make sure you choose the right security key.
[對照表](https://yubico.com/store/compare)展示了 YubiKey 系列產品之間，以及 Yubico 的[安全金鑰](#yubico-security-key)系列在功能與其他規格上的比較。 YubiKey 好處之一是，一支可以滿足對安全金鑰硬體的全部期待。 我們建議您在購買前先完成他們的[測驗](https://yubico.com/quiz)，以確保您選擇了合適的安全金鑰。
YubiKey 可以使用 [YubiKey Manager](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-manager) 或 [YubiKey Personalization Tools](https://yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-personalization-tools) 來設定它。 若要管理 TOTP 程式碼，可用 [Yubico Authenticator](https://yubico.com/products/yubico-authenticator)。 Yubico 所有客戶端軟體都是開源的。
For models which [support HOTP and TOTP](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360013790319-How-many-accounts-can-I-register-my-YubiKey-with), the secrets are stored encrypted on the key and never exposed to the devices they are plugged into. 一旦向 Yubico Authenticator 提供種子（共享祕密） ，它將只會給出六位數的代碼，但永遠不會提供種子。 此安全模型有助於限制攻擊者，即便運行 Yubico Authenticator的設備受到破壞，讓受到物理攻擊時 Yubikey 仍具抵抗力。
對於[支援 HOTP 與 TOTP](https://support.yubico.com/hc/articles/360013790319-How-many-accounts-can-I-register-my-YubiKey-with) 的型號，祕密會加密儲存在金鑰上，絕不會暴露給被插入的裝置。 一旦向 Yubico Authenticator 提供種子（共享祕密） ，它將只會給出六位數的代碼，但永遠不會提供種子。 此安全模型有助於限制攻擊者，即便運行 Yubico Authenticator的設備受到破壞，讓受到物理攻擊時 Yubikey 仍具抵抗力。
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
@@ -86,24 +86,24 @@ Yubikey 安全金鑰的韌體不可更新。 如果您想要使用較新韌體
![Nitrokey](assets/img/security-keys/nitrokey.jpg){ width="300" }
</figure>
**Nitrokey** has a cost-effective security key capable of FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO U2F called the **Nitrokey Passkey**. For support for features such as PIV, OpenPGP, and TOTP and HOTP authentication, you need to purchase one of their other keys like the **Nitrokey 3**. Currently, only the **Nitrokey 3A Mini** has [FIDO Level 1 Certification](https://nitrokey.com/news/2024/nitrokey-3a-mini-receives-official-fido2-certification).
**Nitrokey** 推出一款經濟實惠的安全金鑰，支援 FIDO2/WebAuthn 與 FIDO U2F 標準，名為 **Nitrokey Passkey**。 若要支援 PIV、OpenPGP、TOTP 與 HOTP 認證等功能，您必須購買他們的其他金鑰，例如 **Nitrokey 3**。 目前，只有 **Nitrokey 3A Mini** 有 [FIDO 第 1 級認證](https://nitrokey.com/news/2024/nitrokey-3a-mini-receives-official-fido2-certification)。
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nitrokey.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nitrokey.com/data-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.nitrokey.com){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-home-16: 首頁](https://nitrokey.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nitrokey.com/data-privacy-policy){ .card-link title="隱私權政策" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.nitrokey.com){ .card-link title="文件" }
</details>
</div>
The [comparison table](https://nitrokey.com/products/nitrokeys#:~:text=The%20Nitrokey%20Family) shows how the different Nitrokey models compare to each other in terms of features and other specifications. Refer to Nitrokey's [documentation](https://docs.nitrokey.com/nitrokeys/features) for more details about the features available on your Nitrokey.
[對照表](https://nitrokey.com/products/nitrokeys#:~:text=The%20Nitrokey%20Family)展示了不同的 NitroKey 型號在功能與其他規格層面的比較。 請參閱 Nitrokey 的[文件](https://docs.nitrokey.com/nitrokeys/features)以取得更多關於 Nitrokey 上可用功能的詳細資訊。
Nitrokey 模式可用 [Nitrokey 應用程式](https://nitrokey.com/download) 來設定。
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
Excluding the Nitrokey 3, Nitrokeys which support HOTP and TOTP do not have encrypted storage, making them vulnerable to physical attacks.
除了 Nitrokey 3 以外，支援 HOTP 與 TOTP 的 Nitrokey 並沒有加密儲存空間，因此很容易遭到實體攻擊。
</div>
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Excluding the Nitrokey 3, Nitrokeys which support HOTP and TOTP do not have encr
### 最低合格要求
- Must use high-quality, tamper-resistant hardware security modules.
- 必須使用高品質、防竄改的硬體安全模組。
- 必須支援最新的 FIDO2 規格。
- 不允許私鑰提取。
- 價格超過 35美元的裝置必須支援處理 OpenPGP 和 S/MIME。
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ Excluding the Nitrokey 3, Nitrokeys which support HOTP and TOTP do not have encr
最佳情況標準代表我們希望在這個類別的完美項目的應具備的特性。 推薦產品可能沒有此功能，但若有這些功能則會讓排名更為提高。
- Should be available in USB-C form factor.
- 應採用 USB-C 規格形式。
- 應與 NFC一起使用。
- 支持 TOTP 機密儲存。
- 應支援安全軔體更新。
[^1]: Some governments or other organizations may require a key with Level 2 certification, but most people do not have to worry about this distinction.
[^1]: 某些政府或其他組織可能要求使用具備第 2 級認證的金鑰，但多數人無需顧慮此區別。