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---
title: "Types of Communication Networks"
title: "Rodzaje sieci komunikacyjnych"
icon: 'material/transit-connection-variant'
description: An overview of several network architectures commonly used by instant messaging applications.
description: Przegląd kilku architektur sieciowych powszechnie używanych przez komunikatory internetowe.
---
There are several network architectures commonly used to relay messages between people. These networks can provide different privacy guarantees, which is why it's worth considering your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md) when deciding which app to use.
Istnieje kilka architektur sieciowych powszechnie wykorzystywanych do przekazywania wiadomości między ludźmi. Sieci te mogą oferować różne gwarancje prywatności, dlatego warto wziąć pod uwagę swój [model zagrożeń](../basics/threat-modeling.md) przy wyborze aplikacji.
[Recommended Instant Messengers](../real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [:material-movie-open-play-outline: Video: It's time to stop using SMS](https://www.privacyguides.org/videos/2025/01/24/its-time-to-stop-using-sms-heres-why ""){.md-button}
[Zalecane komunikatory](../real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [:material-movie-open-play-outline: Wideo: Czas przestać korzystać z SMS-ów](https://www.privacyguides.org/videos/2025/01/24/its-time-to-stop-using-sms-heres-why ""){.md-button}
## Centralized Networks
## Sieci scentralizowane
![Centralized networks diagram](../assets/img/layout/network-centralized.svg){ align=left }
Centralized messengers are those where all participants are on the same server or network of servers controlled by the same organization.
Scentralizowane komunikatory to takie, w których wszyscy uczestnicy znajdują się na tym samym serwerze lub w sieci serwerów kontrolowanej przez jedną tę samą organizację.
Some self-hosted messengers allow you to set up your own server. Self-hosting can provide additional privacy guarantees, such as no usage logs or limited access to metadata (data about who is talking to whom). Self-hosted centralized messengers are isolated and everyone must be on the same server to communicate.
Niektóre samodzielnie hostowane komunikatory umożliwiają skonfigurowanie własnego serwera. Samodzielne hostowanie może zapewnić dodatkowe gwarancje prywatności, takie jak brak dzienników użytkowania lub ograniczony dostęp do metadanych (danych o tym, kto z kim rozmawia). Scentralizowane komunikatory hostowane samodzielnie są odizolowane i wszyscy muszą być na tym samym serwerze, aby móc się komunikować.
**Advantages:**
**Zalety:**
- New features and changes can be implemented more quickly.
- Easier to get started with and to find contacts.
- Most mature and stable features ecosystems, as they are easier to program in a centralized software.
- Privacy issues may be reduced when you trust a server that you're self-hosting.
- Nowe funkcje i zmiany mogą być wdrażane szybciej.
- Łatwiej jest rozpocząć korzystanie z nich i znaleźć kontakty.
- Bardziej dojrzały i stabilny ekosystem funkcji, ponieważ łatwiej je zaimplementować w oprogramowaniu scentralizowanym.
- Problemy z prywatnością mogą być mniejsze, jeśli ufa się serwerowi, który jest hostowany samodzielnie.
**Disadvantages:**
**Wady:**
- Can include [restricted control or access](https://drewdevault.com/2018/08/08/Signal.html). This can include things like:
- Being [forbidden from connecting third-party clients](https://github.com/LibreSignal/LibreSignal/issues/37#issuecomment-217211165) to the centralized network that might provide for greater customization or a better experience. Often defined in Terms and Conditions of usage.
- Poor or no documentation for third-party developers.
- The [ownership](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191953/https://blog.privacytools.io/delisting-wire), privacy policy, and operations of the service can change easily when a single entity controls it, potentially compromising the service later on.
- Self-hosting requires effort and knowledge of how to set up a service.
- Mogą występować [ograniczenia kontroli lub dostępu](https://drewdevault.com/2018/08/08/Signal.html). Należą do nich na przykład:
- [Zabronienie podłączania klientów firm trzecich](https://github.com/LibreSignal/LibreSignal/issues/37#issuecomment-217211165) do sieci scentralizowanej, co mogłoby umożliwić większą personalizację lub lepsze wrażenia. Często określane w Warunkach korzystania z usługi.
- Słaba dokumentacja lub jej brak dla zewnętrznych deweloperów.
- [Własność](https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191953/https://blog.privacytools.io/delisting-wire), polityka prywatności i sposób działania usługi mogą łatwo ulec zmianie, gdy usługą zarządza jeden podmiot, co może później podważyć bezpieczeństwo usługi.
- Samodzielne hostowanie wymaga wysiłku i wiedzy na temat konfiguracji usługi.
## Federated Networks
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ Federated messengers use multiple, independent, decentralized servers that are a
When self-hosted, members of a federated server can discover and communicate with members of other servers, although some servers may choose to remain private by being non-federated (e.g., work team server).
**Advantages:**
**Zalety:**
- Allows for greater control over your own data when running your own server.
- Allows you to choose whom to trust your data with by choosing between multiple "public" servers.
- Often allows for third-party clients which can provide a more native, customized, or accessible experience.
- Server software can be verified that it matches public source code, assuming you have access to the server, or you trust the person who does (e.g., a family member).
**Disadvantages:**
**Wady:**
- Adding new features is more complex because these features need to be standardized and tested to ensure they work with all servers on the network.
- Due to the previous point, features can be lacking, or incomplete or working in unexpected ways compared to centralized platforms, such as message relay when offline or message deletion.
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct
P2P networks do not use servers, as peers communicate directly between each other and hence cannot be self-hosted. However, some additional services may rely on centralized servers, such as user discovery or relaying offline messages, which can benefit from self-hosting.
**Advantages:**
**Zalety:**
- Minimal information is exposed to third-parties.
- Modern P2P platforms implement E2EE by default. There are no servers that could potentially intercept and decrypt your transmissions, unlike centralized and federated models.
**Disadvantages:**
**Wady:**
- Reduced feature set:
- Messages can only be sent when both peers are online, however, your client may store messages locally to wait for the contact to return online.
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ There are [many](https://doi.org/10.1145/3182658) ways to implement anonymous ro
Self-hosting a node in an anonymous routing network does not provide the host with additional privacy benefits, but rather contributes to the whole network's resilience against identification attacks for everyone's benefit.
**Advantages:**
**Zalety:**
- Minimal to no information is exposed to other parties.
- Messages can be relayed in a decentralized manner even if one of the parties is offline.
**Disadvantages:**
**Wady:**
- Slow message propagation.
- Often limited to fewer media types, mostly text, since the network is slow.