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New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action

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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
</div>
GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
GrapheneOS supports [sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
[Google Pixel phones](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel) are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available
DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://grapheneos.org/usage#exec-spawning), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_\(computer_programming\)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_\(software\)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, [automatic reboot](https://grapheneos.org/features#auto-reboot), and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features#attack-surface-reduction).
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](obtaining-apps.md#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repositories enabled** to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](obtaining-apps.md#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repository, [DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repository enabled** to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended [methods of obtaining them](obtaining-apps.md) still apply.
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products th
cover: calendar.webp
---
日历包含一些最敏感的数据;使用静态实现E2EE的产品以防止提供商读取它们。
**Calendars** contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement E2EE at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.
## Tuta

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@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not
cover: cloud.webp
---
许多云存储供应商需要你完全信任他们不会查看你的文件。 The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by implementing secure E2EE.
Many **cloud storage providers** require your full trust that they will not look at your files. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by implementing secure E2EE.
If these alternatives do not fit your needs, we suggest you look into using encryption software like [Cryptomator](encryption.md#cryptomator-cloud) with another cloud provider. Using Cryptomator in conjunction with **any** cloud provider (including these) may be a good idea to reduce the risk of encryption flaws in a provider's native clients.
<details class="TYPE" markdown>
<details class="admonition info" markdown>
<summary>Looking for Nextcloud?</summary>
Nextcloud is [still a recommended tool](productivity.md) for self-hosting a file management suite, however we do not recommend third-party Nextcloud storage providers at the moment, because we do [not recommend](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/dont-recommend-nextcloud-e2ee/10352/29) Nextcloud's built-in E2EE functionality for home users.
Nextcloud is [still a recommended tool](document-collaboration.md#nextcloud) for self-hosting a file management suite, however we do not recommend third-party Nextcloud storage providers at the moment, because we do [not recommend](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/dont-recommend-nextcloud-e2ee/10352/29) Nextcloud's built-in E2EE functionality for home users.
</details>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Nextcloud is [still a recommended tool](productivity.md) for self-hosting a file
![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ align=right }
**Proton Drive** is a Swiss encrypted cloud storage provider from the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail). The initial free storage is limited to 2GB, but with completion of certain steps, additional storage can be obtained up to 5GB.
**Proton Drive** is an encrypted cloud storage provider from the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail). The initial free storage is limited to 2GB, but with completion of certain steps, additional storage can be obtained up to 5GB.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/drive){ class="md-button md-button--primary" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }

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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
meta_title: "尊重隐私的 PC 和 Mac 网络浏览器 - Privacy Guides"
title: "电脑浏览器"
icon: material/laptop
description: 这些浏览器比 Google Chrome 浏览器提供更强的隐私保护。
description: These privacy-protecting browsers are what we currently recommend for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing on desktop systems.
cover: desktop-browsers.webp
schema:
-
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ schema:
url: "./"
---
这些是我们目前推荐的用于标准/非匿名浏览的桌面网络浏览器和配置。 如果你需要强大的隐私保护和开箱即用的防指纹功能,我们推荐 [Mullvad 浏览器](#mullvad-browser) ;如果你需要谷歌 Chrome 浏览器的良好替代品,我们推荐 [Firefox](#firefox) ;如果你需要 Chromium 浏览器的兼容性,我们推荐 [Brave](#brave)。
These are our currently recommended **desktop web browsers** and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. 如果你需要强大的隐私保护和开箱即用的防指纹功能,我们推荐 [Mullvad 浏览器](#mullvad-browser) ;如果你需要谷歌 Chrome 浏览器的良好替代品,我们推荐 [Firefox](#firefox) ;如果你需要 Chromium 浏览器的兼容性,我们推荐 [Brave](#brave)。
如果您需要匿名浏览互联网,则应使用 [Tor](tor.md) 。 我们在本页会提出一些配置建议,但除 Tor 浏览器之外的所有浏览器都可以通过 *某种方式* 追踪到。

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@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
---
title: Document Collaboration
icon: material/account-group
description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do.
cover: document-collaboration.webp
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The provider's privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms
### Nextcloud
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/document-collaboration/nextcloud.svg){ align=right }
**Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
</details>
</div>
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Danger</p>
We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality. For this reason, we don't recommend third-party Nextcloud providers.
</div>
### CryptPad
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![CryptPad logo](assets/img/document-collaboration/cryptpad.svg){ align=right }
**CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular office tools. All content on this web service is end-to-end encrypted and can be shared with other users easily.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptpad.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/GcNjAWmK6YDB3EO2IipRZ0fUe89j43Ryqeb4fjkjehE){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</details>
</div>
### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
#### Minimum Requirements
In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could reasonably act as a replacement to Google Drive.
- Must be open source.
- Must make files accessible via WebDAV unless it is impossible due to E2EE.
- Must have sync clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
- Must support document and spreadsheet editing.
- Must support real-time document collaboration.
- Must support exporting documents to standard document formats (e.g. ODF).
#### Best-Case
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
- Should store files in a conventional filesystem.
- Should support TOTP or FIDO2 multi-factor authentication support, or passkey logins.

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: An email aliasing service allows you to easily generate a new email
cover: email-aliasing.webp
---
An email aliasing service allows you to easily generate a new email address for every website you register for. The email aliases you generate are then forwarded to an email address of your choosing, hiding both your "main" email address and the identity of your [email provider](email.md). True email aliasing is better than plus addressing commonly used and supported by many providers, which allows you to create aliases like `yourname+[anythinghere]@example.com`, because websites, advertisers, and tracking networks can trivially remove anything after the `+` sign. Organizations like the [IAB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Advertising_Bureau) require that advertisers [normalize email addresses](https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2023/01/the-iab-loves-tracking-users-but-it-hates-users-tracking-them) so that they can be correlated and tracked, regardless of users' privacy wishes.
An **email aliasing service** allows you to easily generate a new email address for every website you register for. The email aliases you generate are then forwarded to an email address of your choosing, hiding both your "main" email address and the identity of your [email provider](email.md). True email aliasing is better than plus addressing commonly used and supported by many providers, which allows you to create aliases like `yourname+[anythinghere]@example.com`, because websites, advertisers, and tracking networks can trivially remove anything after the `+` sign. Organizations like the [IAB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Advertising_Bureau) require that advertisers [normalize email addresses](https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2023/01/the-iab-loves-tracking-users-but-it-hates-users-tracking-them) so that they can be correlated and tracked, regardless of users' privacy wishes.
<div class="grid cards" markdown>

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: These email clients are privacy-respecting and support OpenPGP emai
cover: email-clients.webp
---
Our recommendation list contains email clients that support both [OpenPGP](encryption.md#openpgp) and strong authentication such as [Open Authorization (OAuth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth). OAuth allows you to use [Multi-Factor Authentication](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md) and prevent account theft.
The **email clients** we recommend support both [OpenPGP](encryption.md#openpgp) and strong authentication such as [Open Authorization (OAuth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth). OAuth allows you to use [Multi-Factor Authentication](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md) and prevent account theft.
<details class="warning" markdown>
<summary>Email does not provide forward secrecy</summary>

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ description: 对数据进行加密是控制谁能访问数据的唯一方法。
cover: encryption.webp
---
对数据进行加密是控制谁能访问数据的唯一方法。 如果你目前没有对你的硬盘、电子邮件或文件使用加密软件,你应该在这里挑选一个选项。
**Encryption** is the only secure way to control who can access your data. If you are currently not using encryption software for your hard disk, emails, or files, you should pick an option here.
## 多平台

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---
title: Language Tools
icon: material/alphabetical-variant
description: These language tools do not send your input text to a server and can be used offline and self-hosted.
cover: language-tools.webp
---
Text inputted to grammar, spelling, and style checkers, as well as translation services, can contain sensitive information which may be stored on their servers for an indefinite amount of time. The language tools listed on this page do not send your submitted text to a server, and can be self-hosted and used offline for maximum control of your data.
## LanguageTool
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/language-tools/languagetool.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/language-tools/languagetool-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**LanguageTool** is a multilingual grammar, style and spell checker that supports more than 20 languages. The software is [self-hostable](https://dev.languagetool.org/http-server), and the extensions do not send your input text to their server.
LanguageTool offers integration with a variety of [office suites](https://languagetool.org/services#text_editors) and [email clients](https://languagetool.org/services#mail_clients).
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://languagetool.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://languagetool.org/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://languagetooler.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/languagetool-org){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1534275760)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://languagetool.org/windows-desktop)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://languagetool.org/mac-desktop)
- [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/languagetool)
- [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/grammar-and-spell-checker/oldceeleldhonbafppcapldpdifcinji)
- [:fontawesome-brands-edge: Edge](https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/hfjadhjooeceemgojogkhlppanjkbobc)
- [:simple-safari: Safari](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1534275760)
</details>
</div>
## Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
- Must be open source.
- Must be possible to self-host.

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@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ schema:
url: "./"
---
这些是我们当前推荐的移动网络浏览器以及标准/非匿名互联网浏览的配置。 如果您需要匿名浏览互联网,则应使用 [Tor](tor.md) 。
These are our currently recommended **mobile web browsers** and configurations for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing. 如果您需要匿名浏览互联网,则应使用 [Tor](tor.md) 。
## 安卓
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Firefox (Gecko)-based browsers on Android [lack](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/sh
</div>
Enable DivestOS's [F-Droid Repo](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official) to receive updates directly from the developer. Downloading Mull from the default F-Droid repo will mean your updates could be delayed by a few days or longer.
Enable DivestOS's [F-Droid repository](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official) to receive updates directly from the developer. Downloading Mull from the default F-Droid repo will mean your updates could be delayed by a few days or longer.
Mull enables many features upstreamed by the [Tor uplift project](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Tor_Uplift) using preferences from [Arkenfox](desktop-browsers.md#arkenfox-advanced). Proprietary blobs are removed from Mozilla's code using the scripts developed for Fennec F-Droid.

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: These news aggregator clients let you keep up with your favorite bl
cover: news-aggregators.webp
---
A [news aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator) is a way to keep up with your favorite blogs and news sites.
A **news aggregator** is software which aggregates digital content from online newspapers, blogs, podcasts, and other resources to one location for easy viewing. Using one can be a great way to keep up with your favorite content.
## Aggregator clients
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ https://reddit.com/r/[SUBREDDIT]/new/.rss
### YouTube
You can subscribe YouTube channels without logging in and associating usage information with your Google Account.
You can subscribe YouTube channels without logging in and associating usage information with your Google account.
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>

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@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
---
title: Office Suites
icon: material/file-edit-outline
description: These office suites offer their full functionality without an account and can be used offline.
cover: office-suites.webp
---
Choose an **office suite** that does not require logging in to an account to access its full functionality. The tools listed here can be used offline and could reasonably act as a replacement for Microsoft Office for most needs.
## LibreOffice
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/office-suites/libreoffice.svg){ align=right }
**LibreOffice** is a free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://libreoffice.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://libreoffice.org/about-us/privacy/privacy-policy-en){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en/english-documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://libreoffice.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://libreoffice.org/download/android-and-ios)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://libreoffice.org/download/android-and-ios)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.libreoffice.LibreOffice)
</details>
</div>
## OnlyOffice
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/office-suites/onlyoffice.svg){ align=right }
**OnlyOffice** is a cloud-based free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality, including integration with Nextcloud.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://onlyoffice.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://help.onlyoffice.com/products/files/doceditor.aspx?fileid=5048502\&doc=SXhWMEVzSEYxNlVVaXJJeUVtS0kyYk14YWdXTEFUQmRWL250NllHNUFGbz0_IjUwNDg1MDIi0){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://helpcenter.onlyoffice.com/userguides.aspx){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.onlyoffice.documents)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id944896972)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors)
</details>
</div>
## Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
- Must be cross-platform.
- 它必须是开源软件。
- Must function offline.
- Must support editing documents, spreadsheets, and slideshows.
- Must export files to standard document formats.

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@@ -44,9 +44,11 @@ For example, if you want to post a picture to Discord you can open your file man
## Security Protections
Key components of the Android security model include [verified boot](#verified-boot), [firmware updates](#firmware-updates), and a robust [permission system](#android-permissions). These important security features form the baseline of the minimum criteria for our [mobile phone](../mobile-phones.md) and [custom Android OS](../android/distributions.md) recommendations.
### 已验证的启动
[经过验证的启动](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) ,是安卓安全模式的一个重要组成部分。 它能够保护您免受 [罪恶的](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack) 攻击、恶意软件的持久性,并确保安全更新不能用 [回滚保护降级](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection)
[**Verified Boot**](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) is an important part of the Android security model. 它能够保护您免受 [罪恶的](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_maid_attack) 攻击、恶意软件的持久性,并确保安全更新不能用 [回滚保护降级](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection)
安卓10及以上版本已经从全盘加密转向更灵活的 [基于文件的加密](https://source.android.com/security/encryption/file-based)。 你的数据使用独特的加密密钥进行加密,而操作系统文件则不被加密。
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ For example, if you want to post a picture to Discord you can open your file man
### 固件更新
固件更新是维护安全的关键,没有它们,你的设备就不可能是安全的。 原始设备制造商与他们的合作伙伴有支持协议,在有限的支持期内提供闭源组件。 这些内容详见每月的 [Android安全公告](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin)。
**Firmware updates** are critical for maintaining security and without them your device cannot be secure. 原始设备制造商与他们的合作伙伴有支持协议,在有限的支持期内提供闭源组件。 这些内容详见每月的 [Android安全公告](https://source.android.com/security/bulletin)。
由于手机的组件,如处理器和无线电技术依赖于闭源组件,更新必须由各自的制造商提供。 因此,重要的是,你要在一个有效的支持周期内购买设备。 [Qualcomm](https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2020/12/qualcomm-and-google-announce-collaboration-extend-android-os-support-and) and [Samsung](https://news.samsung.com/us/samsung-galaxy-security-extending-updates-knox) support their devices for 4 years, while cheaper products often have shorter support cycles. With the introduction of the [Pixel 6](https://support.google.com/pixelphone/answer/4457705), Google now makes their own SoC, and they will provide a minimum of 5 years of support. With the introduction of the Pixel 8 series, Google increased that support window to 7 years.
@@ -68,9 +70,9 @@ Fairphone, for example, markets their Fairphone 4 device as receiving 6 years of
### Android 权限
[Android上的权限](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) ,让你控制哪些应用程序被允许访问。 谷歌定期在每个连续的版本中对权限系统进行 [改善](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions)。 你安装的所有应用程序都是严格的 [沙箱](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox),因此,没有必要安装任何杀毒软件。
[**Permissions on Android**](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) grant you control over what apps are allowed to access. 谷歌定期在每个连续的版本中对权限系统进行 [改善](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/permissions)。 你安装的所有应用程序都是严格的 [沙箱](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox),因此,没有必要安装任何杀毒软件。
A smartphone with the latest version of Android will always be more secure than an old smartphone with an antivirus that you have paid for. It's better not to pay for antivirus software and to save money to buy a new smartphone such as a Google Pixel.
A smartphone with the latest version of Android will always be more secure than an old smartphone with an antivirus that you have paid for. It's better not to pay for antivirus software and to save money to buy a new smartphone such as a [Google Pixel](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel).
Android 10:

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@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ schema:
url: "./"
---
Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials with the use of a master password.
**Password managers** allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials with the use of a master password.
[Introduction to Passwords :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](./basics/passwords-overview.md)

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Photo management tools to keep your personal photos safe from the p
cover: photo-management.webp
---
Most cloud photo management solutions like Google Photos, Flickr, and Amazon Photos don't secure your photos against being accessed by the cloud storage provider themselves. These options keep your personal photos private, while allowing you to share them only with family and trusted people.
Most cloud **photo management solutions** like Google Photos, Flickr, and Amazon Photos don't secure your photos against being accessed by the cloud storage provider themselves. These options keep your personal photos private, while allowing you to share them only with family and trusted people.
## Ente Photos

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@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
---
title: "实时通讯"
icon: material/file-sign
description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do.
cover: productivity.webp
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms
### Nextcloud
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ align=right }
**Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
</details>
</div>
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Danger</p>
We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality. For this reason, we don't recommend third-party Nextcloud providers.
</div>
### CryptPad
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ align=right }
**CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular office tools. All content on this web service is end-to-end encrypted and can be shared with other users easily.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptpad.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/GcNjAWmK6YDB3EO2IipRZ0fUe89j43Ryqeb4fjkjehE){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title=Contribute }
</details>
</div>
### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
#### Minimum Requirements
In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could reasonably act as a replacement to collaboration platforms like Google Drive.
- Open source.
- Makes files accessible via WebDAV unless it is impossible due to E2EE.
- Has sync clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
- Supports document and spreadsheet editing.
- Supports real-time document collaboration.
- Supports exporting documents to standard document formats (e.g. ODF).
#### Best-Case
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
- Should store files in a conventional filesystem.
- Should support TOTP or FIDO2 multi-factor authentication support, or passkey logins.
## Office Suites
### LibreOffice
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/libreoffice.svg){ align=right }
**LibreOffice** is a free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://libreoffice.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://libreoffice.org/about-us/privacy/privacy-policy-en){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en/english-documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://libreoffice.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://libreoffice.org/download/android-and-ios)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://libreoffice.org/download/android-and-ios)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://libreoffice.org/download/download)
- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.libreoffice.LibreOffice)
</details>
</div>
### OnlyOffice
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/onlyoffice.svg){ align=right }
**OnlyOffice** is a cloud-based free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality, including integration with Nextcloud.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://onlyoffice.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://help.onlyoffice.com/products/files/doceditor.aspx?fileid=5048502&doc=SXhWMEVzSEYxNlVVaXJJeUVtS0kyYk14YWdXTEFUQmRWL250NllHNUFGbz0_IjUwNDg1MDIi0){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://helpcenter.onlyoffice.com/userguides.aspx){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.onlyoffice.documents)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id944896972)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://onlyoffice.com/download-desktop.aspx)
- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors)
</details>
</div>
### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
In general, we define office suites as applications which could reasonably act as a replacement for Microsoft Word for most needs.
- Must be cross-platform.
- 它必须是开源软件。
- Must function offline.
- Must support editing documents, spreadsheets, and slideshows.
- Must export files to standard document formats.
## Language services
### LanguageTool
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/productivity/languagetool.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/productivity/languagetool-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**LanguageTool** is a multilingual grammar, style and spell checker that supports more than 20 languages. The software is [self-hostable](https://dev.languagetool.org/http-server), and the extensions do not send your input text to their server.
LanguageTool offers integration with a variety of [office suites](https://languagetool.org/services#text_editors) and [email clients](https://languagetool.org/services#mail_clients).
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://languagetool.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://languagetool.org/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://languagetooler.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/languagetool-org){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
<details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary>
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1534275760)
- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://languagetool.org/windows-desktop)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://languagetool.org/mac-desktop)
- [:simple-firefoxbrowser: Firefox](https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/languagetool)
- [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/grammar-and-spell-checker/oldceeleldhonbafppcapldpdifcinji)
- [:fontawesome-brands-edge: Edge](https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/hfjadhjooeceemgojogkhlppanjkbobc)
- [:simple-safari: Safari](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1534275760)
</details>
</div>
### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
- Must be open source.
- Must be possible to self-host.

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ description: Other instant messengers make all of your private conversations ava
cover: real-time-communication.webp
---
这些是我们对加密实时通讯的建议。
These are our recommendations for encrypted **real-time communication**.
[通信网络的类型 :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](./advanced/communication-network-types.md)

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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ global:
- "table tbody"
---
Use a search engine that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
Use a **search engine** that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
## 推荐的供应商

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@@ -249,6 +249,17 @@ If you're looking for added **security**, you should always ensure you're connec
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](data-redaction.md)
### Document Collaboration
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/document-collaboration/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](document-collaboration.md#nextcloud)
- ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/document-collaboration/cryptpad.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [CryptPad](document-collaboration.md#cryptpad)
</div>
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](document-collaboration.md)
### 笔记
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
@@ -310,7 +321,7 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
- ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Send](file-sharing.md#send)
- ![OnionShare logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/onionshare.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [OnionShare](file-sharing.md#onionshare)
- ![FreedomBox logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [FreedomBox](file-sharing.md#freedombox)
- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](file-sharing.md#nextcloud-client-server)
- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/document-collaboration/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](file-sharing.md#nextcloud-client-server)
- ![Syncthing logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/syncthing.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing-p2p)
</div>
@@ -334,6 +345,16 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](frontends.md)
### Language Tools
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/language-tools/languagetool.svg#only-light){ .twemoji loading=lazy }![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/language-tools/languagetool-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [LanguageTool](language-tools.md#languagetool)
</div>
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](language-tools.md)
### 数据和元数据处理
**Note:** [Hardware security keys](#security-keys) have been moved to their own category.
@@ -377,6 +398,17 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](notebooks.md)
### Office Suites
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/office-suites/libreoffice.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [LibreOffice](office-suites.md#libreoffice)
- ![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/office-suites/onlyoffice.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [OnlyOffice](office-suites.md#onlyoffice)
</div>
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](office-suites.md)
### 生产力工具
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
@@ -408,20 +440,6 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Nextcloud logo](assets/img/productivity/nextcloud.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](productivity.md#nextcloud)
- ![LibreOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/libreoffice.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [LibreOffice](productivity.md#libreoffice)
- ![OnlyOffice logo](assets/img/productivity/onlyoffice.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [OnlyOffice](productivity.md#onlyoffice)
- ![CryptPad logo](assets/img/productivity/cryptpad.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [CryptPad](productivity.md#cryptpad)
- ![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/productivity/languagetool.svg#only-light){ .twemoji loading=lazy }![LanguageTool logo](assets/img/productivity/languagetool-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [LanguageTool](productivity.md#languagetool)
</div>
[了解更多 :hero-arrow-circle-right-fill:](productivity.md)
### 实时通讯
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Signal logo](assets/img/messengers/signal.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Signal](real-time-communication.md#signal)
- ![Briar logo](assets/img/messengers/briar.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Briar](real-time-communication.md#briar)
- ![SimpleX Chat logo](assets/img/messengers/simplex.svg){ .twemoji loading=lazy } [SimpleX Chat](real-time-communication.md#simplex-chat)

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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ global:
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you.
If you're looking for additional *privacy* from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a **VPN** may be the solution for you.
<div class="admonition danger" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">VPNs do not provide anonymity</p>