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@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature wi
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{ align=right width=120px }
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\==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly within the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are some security-related downsides to how F-Droid builds, signs, and delivers packages:
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\==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly within the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. Cependant, la façon dont F-Droid construit, signe et livre les paquets présente quelques inconvénients liés à la sécurité :
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Due to their process of building apps, apps in the _official_ F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
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Due to their process of building apps, apps in the _official_ F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. L'équipe de maintenance de F-Droid réutilise également les identifiants des paquets tout en signant les applications avec leurs propres clés, ce qui n'est pas idéal car cela implique de faire totalement confiance à l'équipe F-Droid. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
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Other popular third-party repositories for F-Droid such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from code forges (GitHub, GitLab, etc.) and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. They also offer [reproducible builds](https://android.izzysoft.de/articles/named/iod-rbs-mirrors-clients) for hundreds of applications and have developers who verify the reproducibility of developer-signed APKs. Furthermore, the IzzyOnDroid team conducts [additional security scans](https://android.izzysoft.de/articles/named/iod-scan-apkchecks) of apps housed in the repo, which usually result in [deliberations](https://github.com/gouravkhunger/QuotesApp/issues/22) between them and app developers toward privacy improvements in their apps. Note that apps may be removed from the IzzyOnDroid repo in [certain circumstances](https://gitlab.com/IzzyOnDroid/repo#are-apps-removed-from-the-repo--and-when-does-that-happen).
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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---
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meta_title: "Navigateurs web respectueux de la vie privée pour PC et Mac - Privacy"
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title: "Navigateurs de Bureau"
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title: Navigateurs de Bureau
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icon: material/laptop
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description: Ces navigateurs respectueux de la vie privée sont ceux que nous recommandons actuellement pour la navigation internet standard/non-anonyme sur les ordinateurs de bureau.
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cover: desktop-browsers.webp
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@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ Ceci est nécessaire pour empêcher les formes avancées de pistage, mais se fai
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### Mullvad Leta
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Le navigateur Mullvad est livré avec [**Mullvad Leta**](https://leta.mullvad.net) comme moteur de recherche par défaut, qui fonctionne comme un proxy vers les résultats de recherche de Google ou de Brave (configurable sur la page d'accueil de Mullvad Leta).
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Mullvad Browser comes with [**Mullvad Leta**](search-engines.md#mullvad-leta) as the default search engine, which functions as a proxy to either Google or Brave search results (configurable on the Mullvad Leta homepage).
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Si vous êtes un utilisateur de Mullvad VPN, il y a un certain risque à utiliser des services comme Mullvad Leta qui sont offerts par votre fournisseur VPN lui-même. Ceci est dû au fait que Mullvad a théoriquement accès à votre véritable adresse IP (via leur VPN) et à votre activité de recherche (via Leta), alors qu'un VPN est généralement censé séparer l'IP de votre activité de recherche. Même si Mullvad collecte très peu d'informations sur ses utilisateurs de son VPN ou ses utilisateurs de Leta, vous devriez envisager un autre moteur de recherche [](search-engines.md) si ce risque vous inquiète.
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Si vous êtes un utilisateur de Mullvad VPN, il y a un certain risque à utiliser des services comme Mullvad Leta qui sont offerts par votre fournisseur VPN lui-même. This is because Mullvad theoretically has access to your true IP address (via their VPN) and your search activity (via Leta); the latter is information a VPN is typically intended to separate. Même si Mullvad collecte très peu d'informations sur ses utilisateurs de son VPN ou ses utilisateurs de Leta, vous devriez envisager un autre moteur de recherche [](search-engines.md) si ce risque vous inquiète.
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## Firefox
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@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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---
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meta_title: "Moteurs de recherche recommandés : alternatives anonymes à Google - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Moteurs de recherche"
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meta_title: "Recommended Search Engines: Anonymous Alternatives to Google - Privacy Guides"
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title: Moteurs de recherche
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icon: material/search-web
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description: Privacy-respecting search engines which don't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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description: Use privacy-respecting search engines which don't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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cover: search-engines.webp
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global:
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-
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@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](tor.md) if your threat model requires hi
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| ----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
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| [Brave Search](#brave-search) | [Independent](https://brave.com/search-independence) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^1] | United States |
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| [DuckDuckGo](#duckduckgo) | [Bing](https://help.duckduckgo.com/results/sources) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^2] | United States |
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| [Startpage](#startpage) | [Google and Bing](https://support.startpage.com/hc/articles/4522435533844-What-is-the-relationship-between-Startpage-and-your-search-partners-like-Google-and-Microsoft-Bing) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^3] | Netherlands |
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| [Mullvad Leta](#mullvad-leta) | [Brave and Google](https://leta.mullvad.net/faq#what-can-leta-do) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^3] | Sweden |
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| [Startpage](#startpage) | [Google and Bing](https://support.startpage.com/hc/articles/4522435533844-What-is-the-relationship-between-Startpage-and-your-search-partners-like-Google-and-Microsoft-Bing) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Anonymized[^4] | Netherlands |
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### Brave Search
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@@ -34,18 +35,18 @@ Consider using a [VPN](vpn.md) or [Tor](tor.md) if your threat model requires hi
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{ align=right }
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**Brave Search** is a search engine developed by Brave. L'index est optimisé en se basant sur Google Search et peut donc fournir des résultats contextuellement plus précis que d'autres solutions.
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**Brave Search** is a search engine developed by Brave. It includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave.com/help/discussions), which highlights conversation-focused results such as forum posts.
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Brave Search includes unique features such as [Discussions](https://search.brave.com/help/discussions), which highlights conversation-focused results such as forum posts.
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Brave Search is the default search engine for the [Brave Browser](desktop-browsers.md#brave).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://search.brave.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://search.brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://search.brave.com/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://search.brave.com/help){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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</div>
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Note that if you use Brave Search while logged in to a Premium account, it may make it easier for Brave to correlate queries with specific users.
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If you use Brave Search while logged in to a Premium account, there is a risk of Brave correlating search queries with your account.
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We recommend you disable [Anonymous usage metrics](https://search.brave.com/help/usage-metrics) as it is enabled by default and can be disabled within settings.
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@@ -62,12 +63,38 @@ DuckDuckGo is the default search engine for the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://duckduckgo.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://help.duckduckgo.com){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://help.duckduckgo.com){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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</div>
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DuckDuckGo offers two [other versions](https://help.duckduckgo.com/features/non-javascript) of their search engine, both of which do not require JavaScript. Ces versions manquent toutefois de fonctionnalités. These versions can also be used in conjunction with their Tor hidden address by appending [/lite](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/lite) or [/html](https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/html) for the respective version.
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### Mullvad Leta
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Mullvad Leta** is a search engine developed by Mullvad. It uses a [shared cache](https://leta.mullvad.net/faq#what-is-cached-search) to fetch search results and limit calls to the search APIs it uses.
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Mullvad Leta currently only provides text search results. It is the default search engine for the [Mullvad Browser](desktop-browsers.md#mullvad-browser).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://leta.mullvad.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://uxngojcovdcyrmwkmkltyy2q7enzzvgv7vlqac64f2vl6hcrrqtlskqd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://leta.mullvad.net/terms-of-service){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://leta.mullvad.net/faq){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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</div>
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<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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Mullvad Leta is useful if you want to disable JavaScript in your browser, such as [Mullvad Browser](desktop-browsers.md#mullvad-browser) on the Safest security level.
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</div>
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Mullvad Leta was [audited](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/security-audit-of-our-letamullvadnet-search-service) by Assured AB in March 2023. All issues were addressed and fixed shortly after the [report](https://assured.se/publications/Assured_Mullvad_Leta_pentest_report_2023.pdf).
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### Startpage
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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@@ -80,7 +107,7 @@ DuckDuckGo offers two [other versions](https://help.duckduckgo.com/features/non-
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://startpage.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://startpagel6srwcjlue4zgq3zevrujfaow726kjytqbbjyrswwmjzcqd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.startpage.com/hc/categories/4481917470356-Startpage-Search-Engine){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.startpage.com/hc/categories/4481917470356-Startpage-Search-Engine){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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</div>
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@@ -101,7 +128,7 @@ A [metasearch engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasearch_engine) aggregate
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**SearXNG** is an open-source, self-hostable, metasearch engine. C'est un fork activement maintenu de [SearX](https://github.com/searx/searx).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://searxng.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-server-16:](https://searx.space){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
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[:octicons-server-16:](https://searx.space){ .card-link title="Public Instances" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/searxng/searxng){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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</div>
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@@ -128,6 +155,12 @@ Nos critères de cas idéal représentent ce que nous aimerions voir d'un projet
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- Doit être basé sur des logiciels open-source.
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- Ne doit pas bloquer les adresses IP des nœuds de sortie Tor.
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[^1]: Brave Search collects aggregated usage metrics, which includes the OS and the user agent. However, they do not collect PII. To serve [anonymous local results](https://search.brave.com/help/anonymous-local-results), IP addresses are temporarily processed, but are not retained. [https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy)
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[^2]: DuckDuckGo **does** log your searches for product improvement purposes, but not your IP address or any other PII. [https://duckduckgo.com/privacy](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy)
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[^3]: Startpage logs details such as operating system, user agent, and language. They do not log your IP address, search queries, or other PII. [https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy](https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy)
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[^1]: Brave Search collects aggregated usage metrics, which includes the OS and the user agent. However, they do not collect PII. To serve [anonymous local results](https://search.brave.com/help/anonymous-local-results), IP addresses are temporarily processed, but are not retained.
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Brave Search: [*Brave Search privacy notice*](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy) [^2]: DuckDuckGo **does** log your searches for product improvement purposes, but not your IP address or any other PII.
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DuckDuckGo Privacy Policy: [*We don't track you.*](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy) [^3]: Mullvad Leta logs your searches and stores them hashed with a secret in a RAM-based cache. The cache is removed after it reaches 30 days in age, or when the server-side Leta application is restarted. They do not collect any PII.
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Terms of Service: [*Service Usage*](https://leta.mullvad.net/terms-of-service) [^4]: Startpage logs details such as operating system, user agent, and language. They do not log your IP address, search queries, or other PII.
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Our Privacy Policy: [*How we have implemented truly anonymous analytics*](https://startpage.com/en/privacy-policy#section-4)
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@@ -342,10 +342,11 @@ Nous [recommandons](dns.md#recommended-providers) un certain nombre de serveurs
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<div class="grid cards" markdown>
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Brave Search](search-engines.md#brave-search)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [DuckDuckGo](search-engines.md#duckduckgo)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [SearXNG](search-engines.md#searxng)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Startpage](search-engines.md#startpage)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Brave Search](search-engines.md#brave-search)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [DuckDuckGo](search-engines.md#duckduckgo)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Mullvad Leta](search-engines.md#mullvad-leta)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [SearXNG](search-engines.md#searxng)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Startpage](search-engines.md#startpage)
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</div>
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