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12
i18n/ar/about/index.md
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@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji. <!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links: Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile - Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice - ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable - Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow. This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
--> -->
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah** - :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**

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i18n/ar/about/privacytools.md
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@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ" title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
--- ---
# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted. In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition. Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain: On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc. > [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a) This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). - Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site. - Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change. - Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible. - Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project. Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible). At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services. Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it wa
> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you. > [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
> >
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...] > A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides. Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our p
Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer: Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net. > If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
## Further Reading ## Further Reading

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i18n/ar/about/services.md
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@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Gitea ## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev) - Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea) - Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix ## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org) - Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy) - Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
## SearXNG ## SearXNG
@ -33,6 +31,5 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Invidious ## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net) - Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Availability: Semi-Public - Availability: Semi-Public We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious) - Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

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i18n/ar/advanced/dns-overview.md
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@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider. If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text ```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec ;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11) ;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024 ;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024

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i18n/ar/basics/common-misconceptions.md
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@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses. 1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses.
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means. We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private. When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div> </div>
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc. 2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC. You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly. 3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.) Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident). [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

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i18n/ar/basics/multi-factor-authentication.md
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up. SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
#### Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) #### TOTP
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ. SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.

3
i18n/ar/basics/why-privacy-matters.md
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@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we
Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play. Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Privacy** **Privacy**
: :
==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient. ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Security** **Security**
: :
@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties inv
Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website. Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Anonymity** **Anonymity**
: :

2
i18n/ar/cloud.md
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest. > Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party. Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third party.
## Tresorit ## Tresorit

6
i18n/ar/desktop-browsers.md
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Firefox includes a unique [download token](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Brave adds a "[referral code](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Brave%
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Brave Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**. These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack
1. This option is not present on all platforms. 1. This option is not present on all platforms.
#### Sync #### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE. [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.

3
i18n/ar/email.md
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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ description: توفِّر الجهات المذكورة مخزنًا آمنًا
cover: email.webp cover: email.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
حتَّى ولو كان البريد الإلكتروني حاجةً لتستخدم أيَّ خدمة إنترنت فإننا لا نوصي به للتحادث. تأمَّل استخدام خدمة اتصال مباشر تدعم السرية المستقبلية لتحادث الناس بدلًا من استخدام بريد إلكتروني. حتَّى ولو كان البريد الإلكتروني حاجةً لتستخدم أيَّ خدمة إنترنت فإننا لا نوصي به للتحادث. تأمَّل استخدام خدمة اتصال مباشر تدعم السرية المستقبلية لتحادث الناس بدلًا من استخدام بريد إلكتروني.
[ما نوصي به من برامج مراسلة فورية](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [ما نوصي به من برامج مراسلة فورية](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
للحسابات المجانية قيود، كعجزهم عن البحث في النصوص وعدم استخدام [جسر بريد بروتون](https://proton.me/mail/bridge)، وتحتاجه إن أردت استخدام [أحد برامج البريد في سطح المكتب الموصى بها](email-clients.md) (مثل ثندربرد). لمن اشترك في حساب عند بريد بروتون مزايا، مثل جسر بريد بروتون ومساحة تخزين إضافية ودعم أسماء النطاق المخصَّصة. أعطت [سكيورتم](https://research.securitum.com) [شهادةً](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) لتطبيقات بريد بروتون في التاسع من نوفمبر عام ٢٠٢١. للحسابات المجانية قيود، كعجزهم عن البحث في النصوص وعدم استخدام [جسر بريد بروتون](https://proton.me/mail/bridge)، وتحتاجه إن أردت استخدام [أحد برامج البريد في سطح المكتب الموصى بها](email-clients.md) (مثل ثندربرد). لمن اشترك في حساب عند بريد بروتون مزايا، مثل جسر بريد بروتون ومساحة تخزين إضافية ودعم أسماء النطاق المخصَّصة. أعطت [سكيورتم](https://research.securitum.com) [شهادةً](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) لتطبيقات بريد بروتون في التاسع من نوفمبر عام ٢٠٢١.
إن كان عندك اشتراك «بروتون أنلمتد» أو «بروتون بزنس» أو «فجنري بلان» فسوف تحصل على اشتراك [سمبل‌لوج‌إن](#simplelogin) مجَّانًا. If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
عند بريد بروتون تقارير تعطُّل داخلية **لا** يشاركونها مع أيِّ جهة خارجية. ولك تعطيلها في: **الإعدادات** > ** إذهب للإعدادات** > **الحساب** > **الأمن والخصوصية** > **أرسل تقارير التعطُّل**. عند بريد بروتون تقارير تعطُّل داخلية **لا** يشاركونها مع أيِّ جهة خارجية. ولك تعطيلها في: **الإعدادات** > ** إذهب للإعدادات** > **الحساب** > **الأمن والخصوصية** > **أرسل تقارير التعطُّل**.

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i18n/ar/encryption.md
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@ -127,28 +127,32 @@ BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-devi
To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide. To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style": 1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style":
```powershell
powershell Get-Disk ```powershell
``` powershell Get-Disk
```
2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`: 2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`:
```powershell
powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm ```powershell
``` powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm
```
3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**. 3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**.
4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption: 4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:
```powershell
manage-bde -on c: -used ```powershell
``` manage-bde -on c: -used
```
5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows. 5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.
6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands: 6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands:
```powershell
manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm ```powershell
manage-bde -protectors -enable c: manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
``` manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
```
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

3
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your frien
![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right } ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right }
**Send** is a fork of Mozilla’s discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself. **Send** is a fork of Mozilla's discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"} [:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_e
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants onlin
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

2
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ schema:
query-input: required name=search_term_string query-input: required name=search_term_string
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line --> <!-- markdownlint-disable -->
## لماذا ينبغي عليَّ الاهتمام؟ ## لماذا ينبغي عليَّ الاهتمام؟
##### "ليس لديَّ شيئٌ اُخفيه. لماذا يجب أن أهتم بخصوصيتي؟ " ##### "ليس لديَّ شيئٌ اُخفيه. لماذا يجب أن أهتم بخصوصيتي؟ "

2
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@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ icon: material/archive
description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog. description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog.
--- ---
# Pages Moved to Blog
Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
- [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos) - [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos)

2
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@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Additional branding guidelines can be found at [github.com/privacyguides/brand](
"Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project. "Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project.
Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at jonah@privacyguides.org. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions. Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions.

23
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@ -9,15 +9,18 @@ If you make changes to this website on GitHub.com's web editor directly, you sho
You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent). You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent).
1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo): 1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo):
```
git config --global commit.gpgsign true ```bash
git config --global gpg.format ssh git config --global commit.gpgsign true
git config --global tag.gpgSign true git config --global gpg.format ssh
``` git config --global tag.gpgSign true
```
2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`: 2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`:
```
git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB ```bash
``` git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB
```
Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key). Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key).
@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ Use `git pull --rebase` instead of `git pull` when pulling in changes from GitHu
You can set this to be the default behavior: You can set this to be the default behavior:
``` ```bash
git config --global pull.rebase true git config --global pull.rebase true
``` ```
@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ git config --global pull.rebase true
If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR: If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR:
``` ```bash
git fetch origin git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main git rebase origin/main
``` ```

4
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Brave Configuration
Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another. Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari** These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari**

1
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@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting a
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud pr
cover: productivity.webp cover: productivity.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints. Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms ## Collaboration Platforms

1
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@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md) [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md)
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Additional Resources ### Additional Resources
<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown> <div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>

2
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@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ description: هذه هي أفضل خِدْمَات شبكة خاصة افترا
cover: vpn.webp cover: vpn.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
إذا كنت تبحث عن **خصوصية** إضافية من مزود خدمة الإنترنت لك، أو عندما تتصل بشبكة واي-فاي عامة، أو في أثناء استخدامك لشبكة تورنت، قد يكون استخدام شبكة خاصة افتراضية هو الحل بالنسبة لك ما دمت على دراية بالمخاطر المترتبة على ذلك. نعتقد بأن هؤلاء هم أفضل المزودين: إذا كنت تبحث عن **خصوصية** إضافية من مزود خدمة الإنترنت لك، أو عندما تتصل بشبكة واي-فاي عامة، أو في أثناء استخدامك لشبكة تورنت، قد يكون استخدام شبكة خاصة افتراضية هو الحل بالنسبة لك ما دمت على دراية بالمخاطر المترتبة على ذلك. نعتقد بأن هؤلاء هم أفضل المزودين:
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>

12
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@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji. <!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links: Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile - Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice - ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable - Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow. This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
--> -->
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah** - :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**

12
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@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ" title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
--- ---
# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted. In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition. Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain: On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc. > [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a) This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). - Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site. - Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change. - Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible. - Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project. Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible). At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services. Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it wa
> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you. > [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
> >
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...] > A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides. Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our p
Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer: Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net. > If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
## Further Reading ## Further Reading

9
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@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Gitea ## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev) - Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea) - Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix ## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org) - Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy) - Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
## SearXNG ## SearXNG
@ -33,6 +31,5 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Invidious ## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net) - Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Availability: Semi-Public - Availability: Semi-Public We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious) - Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

4
i18n/bn-IN/advanced/dns-overview.md
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@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider. If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text ```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec ;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11) ;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024 ;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024

14
i18n/bn-IN/basics/common-misconceptions.md
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@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses. 1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses.
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means. We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private. When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div> </div>
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc. 2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC. You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly. 3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.) Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident). [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

2
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up. SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
#### সময়-সাপেক্ষ ওয়ান-টাইম পাসওয়ার্ড (TOTP) #### TOTP
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ. SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.

3
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@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we
Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play. Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Privacy** **Privacy**
: :
==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient. ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Security** **Security**
: :
@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties inv
Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website. Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Anonymity** **Anonymity**
: :

2
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest. > Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party. Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third party.
## Tresorit ## Tresorit

6
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Firefox includes a unique [download token](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Brave adds a "[referral code](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Brave%
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Brave Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**. These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack
1. This option is not present on all platforms. 1. This option is not present on all platforms.
#### Sync #### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE. [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.

3
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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails secu
cover: email.webp cover: email.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy. Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.
[Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com). Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](#simplelogin) Premium for free. If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**. Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**.

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@ -127,28 +127,32 @@ BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-devi
To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide. To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style": 1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style":
```powershell
powershell Get-Disk ```powershell
``` powershell Get-Disk
```
2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`: 2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`:
```powershell
powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm ```powershell
``` powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm
```
3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**. 3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**.
4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption: 4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:
```powershell
manage-bde -on c: -used ```powershell
``` manage-bde -on c: -used
```
5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows. 5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.
6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands: 6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands:
```powershell
manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm ```powershell
manage-bde -protectors -enable c: manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
``` manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
```
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your frien
![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right } ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right }
**Send** is a fork of Mozilla’s discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself. **Send** is a fork of Mozilla's discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"} [:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_e
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

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@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants onlin
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

2
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ schema:
query-input: required name=search_term_string query-input: required name=search_term_string
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line --> <!-- markdownlint-disable -->
## Why should I care? ## Why should I care?
##### “I have nothing to hide. Why should I care about my privacy?” ##### “I have nothing to hide. Why should I care about my privacy?”

2
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@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ icon: material/archive
description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog. description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog.
--- ---
# Pages Moved to Blog
Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
- [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos) - [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos)

2
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@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Additional branding guidelines can be found at [github.com/privacyguides/brand](
"Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project. "Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project.
Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at jonah@privacyguides.org. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions. Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions.

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i18n/bn-IN/meta/git-recommendations.md
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@ -9,15 +9,18 @@ If you make changes to this website on GitHub.com's web editor directly, you sho
You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent). You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent).
1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo): 1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo):
```
git config --global commit.gpgsign true ```bash
git config --global gpg.format ssh git config --global commit.gpgsign true
git config --global tag.gpgSign true git config --global gpg.format ssh
``` git config --global tag.gpgSign true
```
2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`: 2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`:
```
git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB ```bash
``` git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB
```
Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key). Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key).
@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ Use `git pull --rebase` instead of `git pull` when pulling in changes from GitHu
You can set this to be the default behavior: You can set this to be the default behavior:
``` ```bash
git config --global pull.rebase true git config --global pull.rebase true
``` ```
@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ git config --global pull.rebase true
If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR: If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR:
``` ```bash
git fetch origin git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main git rebase origin/main
``` ```

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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Brave Configuration
Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another. Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari** These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari**

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@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
i18n/bn-IN/passwords.md
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@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting a
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
i18n/bn-IN/productivity.md
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud pr
cover: productivity.webp cover: productivity.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints. Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms ## Collaboration Platforms

1
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@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md) [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md)
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Additional Resources ### Additional Resources
<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown> <div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>

2
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@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ description: These are the best VPN services for protecting your privacy and sec
cover: vpn.webp cover: vpn.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest: If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>

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@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji. <!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links: Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile - Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice - ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable - Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow. This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
--> -->
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah** - :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**

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@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ" title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
--- ---
# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted. In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition. Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain: On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc. > [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a) This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). - Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site. - Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change. - Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible. - Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project. Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible). At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services. Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it wa
> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you. > [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
> >
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...] > A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides. Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our p
Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer: Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net. > If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
## Further Reading ## Further Reading

9
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@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Gitea ## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev) - Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea) - Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix ## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org) - Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy) - Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
## SearXNG ## SearXNG
@ -33,6 +31,5 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Invidious ## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net) - Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Availability: Semi-Public - Availability: Semi-Public We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious) - Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

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i18n/bn/advanced/dns-overview.md
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@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider. If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text ```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec ;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11) ;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024 ;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024

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@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses. 1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses.
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means. We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private. When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div> </div>
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc. 2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC. You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly. 3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.) Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident). [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

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i18n/bn/basics/multi-factor-authentication.md
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up. SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
#### Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) #### TOTP
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ. SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.

3
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@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we
Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play. Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Privacy** **Privacy**
: :
==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient. ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Security** **Security**
: :
@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties inv
Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website. Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Anonymity** **Anonymity**
: :

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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest. > Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party. Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third party.
## Tresorit ## Tresorit

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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Firefox includes a unique [download token](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Brave adds a "[referral code](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Brave%
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Brave Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**. These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack
1. This option is not present on all platforms. 1. This option is not present on all platforms.
#### Sync #### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE. [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.

3
i18n/bn/email.md
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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails secu
cover: email.webp cover: email.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy. Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.
[Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com). Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](#simplelogin) Premium for free. If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**. Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**.

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@ -127,28 +127,32 @@ BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-devi
To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide. To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style": 1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style":
```powershell
powershell Get-Disk ```powershell
``` powershell Get-Disk
```
2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`: 2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`:
```powershell
powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm ```powershell
``` powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm
```
3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**. 3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**.
4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption: 4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:
```powershell
manage-bde -on c: -used ```powershell
``` manage-bde -on c: -used
```
5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows. 5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.
6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands: 6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands:
```powershell
manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm ```powershell
manage-bde -protectors -enable c: manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
``` manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
```
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

3
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your frien
![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right } ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right }
**Send** is a fork of Mozilla’s discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself. **Send** is a fork of Mozilla's discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"} [:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_e
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants onlin
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

2
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ schema:
query-input: required name=search_term_string query-input: required name=search_term_string
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line --> <!-- markdownlint-disable -->
## আমার কি যায় আসে? ## আমার কি যায় আসে?
##### “আমার কিছু লুকানোর নেই। ব্যক্তিগত গোপনীয়তা নিয়ে কেন আমি ভাববো?” ##### “আমার কিছু লুকানোর নেই। ব্যক্তিগত গোপনীয়তা নিয়ে কেন আমি ভাববো?”

2
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@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ icon: material/archive
description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog. description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog.
--- ---
# Pages Moved to Blog
Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
- [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos) - [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos)

2
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@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Additional branding guidelines can be found at [github.com/privacyguides/brand](
"Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project. "Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project.
Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at jonah@privacyguides.org. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions. Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions.

23
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@ -9,15 +9,18 @@ If you make changes to this website on GitHub.com's web editor directly, you sho
You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent). You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent).
1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo): 1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo):
```
git config --global commit.gpgsign true ```bash
git config --global gpg.format ssh git config --global commit.gpgsign true
git config --global tag.gpgSign true git config --global gpg.format ssh
``` git config --global tag.gpgSign true
```
2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`: 2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`:
```
git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB ```bash
``` git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB
```
Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key). Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key).
@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ Use `git pull --rebase` instead of `git pull` when pulling in changes from GitHu
You can set this to be the default behavior: You can set this to be the default behavior:
``` ```bash
git config --global pull.rebase true git config --global pull.rebase true
``` ```
@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ git config --global pull.rebase true
If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR: If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR:
``` ```bash
git fetch origin git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main git rebase origin/main
``` ```

4
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Brave Configuration
Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another. Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari** These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari**

1
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@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting a
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud pr
cover: productivity.webp cover: productivity.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints. Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms ## Collaboration Platforms

1
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@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md) [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md)
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Additional Resources ### Additional Resources
<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown> <div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>

2
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@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ description: These are the best VPN services for protecting your privacy and sec
cover: vpn.webp cover: vpn.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest: If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>

12
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@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji. <!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links: Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile - Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice - ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable - Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow. This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
--> -->
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah** - :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**

12
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@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ" title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
--- ---
# Why we moved on from PrivacyTools
In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted. In September 2021, every active contributor unanimously agreed to move from PrivacyTools to work on this site: Privacy Guides. This decision was made because PrivacyTools’ founder and controller of the domain name had disappeared for an extended period of time and could not be contacted.
Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition. Having built a reputable site and set of services on PrivacyTools.io, this caused grave concerns for the future of PrivacyTools, as any future disruption could wipe out the entire organization with no recovery method. This transition was communicated to the PrivacyTools community many months in advance via a variety of channels including its blog, Twitter, Reddit, and Mastodon to ensure the entire process went as smoothly as possible. We did this to ensure nobody was kept in the dark, which has been our modus operandi since our team was created, and to make sure Privacy Guides was recognized as the same reliable organization that PrivacyTools was before the transition.
@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ Reddit requires that subreddits have active moderators. If the primary moderator
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain: On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to www.privacyguides.org, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc. > [...] we found it necessary to make this switch sooner rather than later to ensure people would find out about this transition as soon as possible. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a) This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
- Redirecting www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). - Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site. - Archiving the source code on GitHub to preserve our past work and issue tracker, which we continued to use for months of future development of this site.
- Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change. - Posting announcements to our subreddit and various other communities informing people of the official change.
- Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible. - Formally closing privacytools.io services, like Matrix and Mastodon, and encouraging existing users to migrate as soon as possible.
@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ Things appeared to be going smoothly, and most of our active community made the
Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project. Roughly a week following the transition, BurungHantu returned online for the first time in nearly a year, however nobody on our team was willing to return to PrivacyTools because of his historic unreliability. Rather than apologize for his prolonged absence, he immediately went on the offensive and positioned the transition to Privacy Guides as an attack against him and his project. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from www.privacytools.io to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible). At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). We obliged and requested that he keep the subdomains for Matrix, Mastodon, and PeerTube active for us to run as a public service to our community for at least a few months, in order to allow users on those platforms to easily migrate to other accounts. Due to the federated nature of the services we provided, they were tied to specific domain names making it very difficult to migrate (and in some cases impossible).
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services. Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it wa
> [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you. > [...] The growth of this Sub was the result of great effort, across several years, by the PrivacyGuides.org team. And by every one of you.
> >
> A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It’s not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It’s unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...] > A Subreddit is a great deal of work to administer and moderate. Like a garden, it requires patient tending and daily care. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. It can’t thrive under a gardener who abandons it for several years, then shows up demanding this year’s harvest as their tribute. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. It’s unfair to you. [...]
Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides. Subreddits do not belong to anybody, and they especially do not belong to brand-holders. They belong to their communities, and the community and its moderators made the decision to support the move to r/PrivacyGuides.
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ Our fundraising platform, OpenCollective, is another source of contention. Our p
Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer: Thus, the funds in OpenCollective belong to Privacy Guides, they were given to our project, and not the owner of a well known domain name. In the announcement made to donors on September 17th, 2021, we offered refunds to any donor who disagrees with the stance we took, but nobody has taken us up on this offer:
> If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing jonah@triplebit.net. > If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
## Further Reading ## Further Reading

9
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@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Gitea ## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev) - Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
- Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea) - Source: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix ## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org) - Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Availability: Invite-Only - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
- Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy) - Source: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
## SearXNG ## SearXNG
@ -33,6 +31,5 @@ We run a number of web services to test out features and promote cool decentrali
## Invidious ## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net) - Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Availability: Semi-Public - Availability: Semi-Public We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
- Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious) - Source: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

4
i18n/cs/advanced/dns-overview.md
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@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider. If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text ```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec ;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11) ;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024 ;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024

14
i18n/cs/basics/common-misconceptions.md
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@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses. 1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses.
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means. We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private. When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div> </div>
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc. 2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC. You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly. 3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.) Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident). [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

2
i18n/cs/basics/multi-factor-authentication.md
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up. SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
#### Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) #### TOTP
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ. SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.

3
i18n/cs/basics/why-privacy-matters.md
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@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we
Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play. Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Privacy** **Privacy**
: :
==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient. ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Security** **Security**
: :
@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties inv
Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website. Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Anonymity** **Anonymity**
: :

2
i18n/cs/cloud.md
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest. > Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party. Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third party.
## Tresorit ## Tresorit

6
i18n/cs/desktop-browsers.md
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Firefox includes a unique [download token](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Brave adds a "[referral code](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/wiki/Brave%
</div> </div>
### Recommended Configuration ### Recommended Brave Configuration
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**. These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ Brave's Web3 features can potentially add to your browser fingerprint and attack
1. This option is not present on all platforms. 1. This option is not present on all platforms.
#### Sync #### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE. [Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.

3
i18n/cs/email.md
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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails secu
cover: email.webp cover: email.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy. Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.
[Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button} [Recommended Instant Messengers](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com). Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](#simplelogin) Premium for free. If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**. Proton Mail has internal crash reports that they **do not** share with third parties. This can be disabled in: **Settings** > **Go to Settings** > **Account** > **Security and privacy** > **Send crash reports**.

32
i18n/cs/encryption.md
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@ -127,28 +127,32 @@ BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-devi
To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide. To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style": 1. Open a command prompt and check your drive's partition table format with the following command. You should see "**GPT**" listed under "Partition Style":
```powershell
powershell Get-Disk ```powershell
``` powershell Get-Disk
```
2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`: 2. Run this command (in an admin command prompt) to check your TPM version. You should see `2.0` or `1.2` listed next to `SpecVersion`:
```powershell
powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm ```powershell
``` powershell Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root/cimv2/security/microsofttpm" -Class WIN32_tpm
```
3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**. 3. Access [Advanced Startup Options](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-startup-options-including-safe-mode-b90e7808-80b5-a291-d4b8-1a1af602b617). You need to reboot while pressing the F8 key before Windows starts and go into the *command prompt* in **Troubleshoot** → **Advanced Options** → **Command Prompt**.
4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption: 4. Login with your admin account and type this in the command prompt to start encryption:
```powershell
manage-bde -on c: -used ```powershell
``` manage-bde -on c: -used
```
5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows. 5. Close the command prompt and continue booting to regular Windows.
6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands: 6. Open an admin command prompt and run the following commands:
```powershell
manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm ```powershell
manage-bde -protectors -enable c: manage-bde c: -protectors -add -rp -tpm
manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt manage-bde -protectors -enable c:
``` manage-bde -protectors -get c: > %UserProfile%\Desktop\BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt
```
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

3
i18n/cs/file-sharing.md
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your frien
![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right } ![Send logo](assets/img/file-sharing-sync/send.svg){ align=right }
**Send** is a fork of Mozilla’s discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself. **Send** is a fork of Mozilla's discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well. The maintainer of Send hosts a [public instance](https://send.vis.ee). You can use other public instances, or you can host Send yourself.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"} [:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_e
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
i18n/cs/financial-services.md
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@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ These services allow you to purchase gift cards for a variety of merchants onlin
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

2
i18n/cs/index.md
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ schema:
query-input: required name=search_term_string query-input: required name=search_term_string
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line --> <!-- markdownlint-disable -->
## Proč by mě to mělo zajímat? ## Proč by mě to mělo zajímat?
##### "Nic před nikým neskrývám. Proč by mě mělo soukromí zajímat?" ##### "Nic před nikým neskrývám. Proč by mě mělo soukromí zajímat?"

2
i18n/cs/kb-archive.md
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@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ icon: material/archive
description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog. description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog.
--- ---
# Pages Moved to Blog
Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
- [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos) - [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos)

2
i18n/cs/meta/brand.md
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@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Additional branding guidelines can be found at [github.com/privacyguides/brand](
"Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project. "Privacy Guides" and the shield logo are trademarks owned by Jonah Aragon, unlimited usage is granted to the Privacy Guides project.
Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at jonah@privacyguides.org. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions. Without waiving any of its rights, Privacy Guides does not advise others on the scope of its intellectual property rights. Privacy Guides does not permit or consent to any use of its trademarks in any manner that is likely to cause confusion by implying association with or sponsorship by Privacy Guides. If you are aware of any such use, please contact Jonah Aragon at `jonah@privacyguides.org`. Consult your legal counsel if you have questions.

23
i18n/cs/meta/git-recommendations.md
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@ -9,15 +9,18 @@ If you make changes to this website on GitHub.com's web editor directly, you sho
You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent). You can use an existing SSH key for signing, or [create a new one](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent).
1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo): 1. Configure your Git client to sign commits and tags by default (remove `--global` to only sign by default for this repo):
```
git config --global commit.gpgsign true ```bash
git config --global gpg.format ssh git config --global commit.gpgsign true
git config --global tag.gpgSign true git config --global gpg.format ssh
``` git config --global tag.gpgSign true
```
2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`: 2. Set your SSH key for signing in Git with the following command, substituting `/PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB` with the path to the public key you'd like to use, e.g. `/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`:
```
git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB ```bash
``` git config --global user.signingkey /PATH/TO/.SSH/KEY.PUB
```
Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key). Ensure you [add your SSH key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account#adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-account) **as a Signing Key** (as opposed to or in addition to as an Authentication Key).
@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ Use `git pull --rebase` instead of `git pull` when pulling in changes from GitHu
You can set this to be the default behavior: You can set this to be the default behavior:
``` ```bash
git config --global pull.rebase true git config --global pull.rebase true
``` ```
@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ git config --global pull.rebase true
If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR: If you are working on your own branch, run these commands before submitting a PR:
``` ```bash
git fetch origin git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main git rebase origin/main
``` ```

4
i18n/cs/mobile-browsers.md
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Brave Configuration
Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another. Tor Browser is the only way to truly browse the internet anonymously. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.
</div> </div>
#### Recommended Configuration #### Recommended Firefox Configuration
These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari** These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari**

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@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ We highly recommend that you use mobile TOTP apps instead of desktop alternative
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
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@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ These products are minimal password managers that can be used within scripting a
</div> </div>
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Criteria ### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

1
i18n/cs/productivity.md
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud pr
cover: productivity.webp cover: productivity.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints. Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
## Collaboration Platforms ## Collaboration Platforms

1
i18n/cs/tools.md
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@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md) [Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-browsers.md)
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
### Additional Resources ### Additional Resources
<div class="grid cards annotate" markdown> <div class="grid cards annotate" markdown>

2
i18n/cs/vpn.md
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@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ description: These are the best VPN services for protecting your privacy and sec
cover: vpn.webp cover: vpn.webp
--- ---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest: If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>

12
i18n/de/about/index.md
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@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ So far in 2023 we've launched international translations of our website in [Fren
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable MD030 -->
<div class="grid cards" markdown> <div class="grid cards" markdown>
<!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji. <!-- Every team member should have a unique emoji.
Team member cards should include ONLY the following links: Team member cards should include ONLY the following links:
- Discourse Profile - Discourse Profile
- ONE Link of team member's choice - ONE Link of team member's choice
- Email if applicable - Email if applicable
This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow. This is to keep it fair and not spammy, especially as we grow.
--> -->
- :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah** - :robot:{ .lg .middle } **@jonah**

12
i18n/de/about/privacytools.md
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@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
title: "PrivacyTools FAQ" title: "PrivacyTools FAQ"
--- ---
# Warum wir uns von PrivacyTools getrennt haben
Im September 2021 haben alle Mitwirkenden einstimmig beschlossen, von PrivacyTools auf diese Seite zu wechseln: Privacy Guides. Diese Entscheidung wurde getroffen, weil der Gründer von PrivacyTools und Inhaber des Domänennamens über einen längeren Zeitraum verschwunden war und nicht kontaktiert werden konnte. Im September 2021 haben alle Mitwirkenden einstimmig beschlossen, von PrivacyTools auf diese Seite zu wechseln: Privacy Guides. Diese Entscheidung wurde getroffen, weil der Gründer von PrivacyTools und Inhaber des Domänennamens über einen längeren Zeitraum verschwunden war und nicht kontaktiert werden konnte.
Nachdem wir auf PrivacyTools.io eine namhafte Webseite und eine Reihe von Diensten aufgebaut hatten, löste dies ernsthafte Bedenken für die Zukunft von PrivacyTools aus, da jede zukünftige Störung die gesamte Organisation ohne Wiederherstellungsmöglichkeit zerstören könnte. Diese Umstellung wurde der PrivacyTools-Gemeinschaft viele Monate im Voraus über eine Vielzahl von Kanälen mitgeteilt, darunter der Blog, Twitter, Reddit und Mastodon, um sicherzustellen, dass der gesamte Prozess so reibungslos wie möglich verläuft. Wir haben dies getan, um sicherzustellen, dass niemand im Unklaren gelassen wird, was unser Modus Operandi seit der Gründung unseres Teams ist, und um sicherzustellen, dass Privacy Guides als die gleiche zuverlässige Organisation anerkannt wird, die PrivacyTools vor der Umstellung war. Nachdem wir auf PrivacyTools.io eine namhafte Webseite und eine Reihe von Diensten aufgebaut hatten, löste dies ernsthafte Bedenken für die Zukunft von PrivacyTools aus, da jede zukünftige Störung die gesamte Organisation ohne Wiederherstellungsmöglichkeit zerstören könnte. Diese Umstellung wurde der PrivacyTools-Gemeinschaft viele Monate im Voraus über eine Vielzahl von Kanälen mitgeteilt, darunter der Blog, Twitter, Reddit und Mastodon, um sicherzustellen, dass der gesamte Prozess so reibungslos wie möglich verläuft. Wir haben dies getan, um sicherzustellen, dass niemand im Unklaren gelassen wird, was unser Modus Operandi seit der Gründung unseres Teams ist, und um sicherzustellen, dass Privacy Guides als die gleiche zuverlässige Organisation anerkannt wird, die PrivacyTools vor der Umstellung war.
@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ Reddit verlangt, dass Subreddits aktive Moderatoren haben. Wenn der Hauptmoderat
On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain: On September 14th, 2021, we [announced](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2021/09/14/welcome-to-privacy-guides) the beginning of our migration to this new domain:
> [...] wir hielten es für notwendig, diese Umstellung lieber früher als später vorzunehmen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Menschen so früh wie möglich von der Umstellung erfuhren. Dies verschafft uns ausreichend Zeit für die Umstellung des Domainnamens, der derzeit auf www.privacyguides.org umgeleitet wird, und gibt hoffentlich allen genügend Zeit, die Änderung zu bemerken und Lesezeichen, Webseiten usw. zu aktualisieren. > [...] wir hielten es für notwendig, diese Umstellung lieber früher als später vorzunehmen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Menschen so früh wie möglich von der Umstellung erfuhren. This gives us adequate time to transition the domain name, which is currently redirecting to `www.privacyguides.org`, and it hopefully gives everyone enough time to notice the change, update bookmarks and websites, etc.
This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a) This change [entailed:](https://reddit.com/comments/pnhn4a)
- Die Umleitung von www.privacytools.io auf [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). - Redirecting `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org).
- Die Archivierung des Source Codes auf GitHub, um unsere bisherige Arbeit und den Issue Tracker zu bewahren, den wir für die zukünftige Entwicklung dieser Seite monatelang weiter nutzten. - Die Archivierung des Source Codes auf GitHub, um unsere bisherige Arbeit und den Issue Tracker zu bewahren, den wir für die zukünftige Entwicklung dieser Seite monatelang weiter nutzten.
- Die Veröffentlichung von Ankündigungen in unserem Subreddit und verschiedenen anderen Communities, um die Leute über die offizielle Änderung zu informieren. - Die Veröffentlichung von Ankündigungen in unserem Subreddit und verschiedenen anderen Communities, um die Leute über die offizielle Änderung zu informieren.
- Die offizielle Schließung von privacytools.io-Diensten wie Matrix und Mastodon und die Bitte an bestehende Nutzer, so bald wie möglich zu migrieren. - Die offizielle Schließung von privacytools.io-Diensten wie Matrix und Mastodon und die Bitte an bestehende Nutzer, so bald wie möglich zu migrieren.
@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ Die Dinge schienen reibungslos zu verlaufen, und die meisten unserer aktiven Mit
Etwa eine Woche nach der Umstellung war BurungHantu zum ersten Mal seit fast einem Jahr wieder online, aber niemand in unserem Team war bereit, wegen seiner bisherigen Unzuverlässigkeit zu PrivacyTools zurückzukehren. Anstatt sich für seine lange Abwesenheit zu entschuldigen, ging er sofort in die Offensive und stellte den Übergang zu Privacy Guides als einen Angriff auf ihn und sein Projekt dar. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project. Etwa eine Woche nach der Umstellung war BurungHantu zum ersten Mal seit fast einem Jahr wieder online, aber niemand in unserem Team war bereit, wegen seiner bisherigen Unzuverlässigkeit zu PrivacyTools zurückzukehren. Anstatt sich für seine lange Abwesenheit zu entschuldigen, ging er sofort in die Offensive und stellte den Übergang zu Privacy Guides als einen Angriff auf ihn und sein Projekt dar. He subsequently [deleted](https://reddit.com/comments/pp9yie/comment/hd49wbn) many of these posts when it was pointed out by the community that he had been absent and abandoned the project.
Zu diesem Zeitpunkt behauptete BurungHantu, er wolle allein an privacytools.io weiterarbeiten und bat uns, die Weiterleitung von www.privacytools.io auf [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org)zu entfernen. Wir haben uns dazu bereit erklärt und ihn gebeten, die Subdomains für Matrix, Mastodon und PeerTube zumindest für ein paar Monate als öffentlichen Service für unsere Community aktiv zu halten, damit die Nutzer dieser Plattformen problemlos auf andere Accounts umsteigen können. Aufgrund des föderalen Charakters der von uns angebotenen Dienste waren diese an bestimmte Domainnamen gebunden, was eine Migration sehr schwierig (und in einigen Fällen unmöglich) machte. At this point, BurungHantu claimed he wanted to continue working on privacytools.io on his own and requested that we remove the redirect from `www.privacytools.io` to [www.privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). Wir haben uns dazu bereit erklärt und ihn gebeten, die Subdomains für Matrix, Mastodon und PeerTube zumindest für ein paar Monate als öffentlichen Service für unsere Community aktiv zu halten, damit die Nutzer dieser Plattformen problemlos auf andere Accounts umsteigen können. Aufgrund des föderalen Charakters der von uns angebotenen Dienste waren diese an bestimmte Domainnamen gebunden, was eine Migration sehr schwierig (und in einigen Fällen unmöglich) machte.
Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services. Unfortunately, because control of the r/privacytoolsIO subreddit was not returned to BurungHantu at his demand (further information below), those subdomains were [cut off](https://reddit.com/comments/pymthv/comment/hexwrps) at the beginning of October, ending any migration possibilities to any users still using those services.
@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ After the launch of [r/PrivacyGuides](https://reddit.com/r/privacyguides), it wa
> [...] Das Wachstum dieses Subreddits war das Ergebnis großer Anstrengungen, die das Team von PrivacyGuides.org über mehrere Jahre hinweg unternommen hat. Und jedem einzelnen von euch. > [...] Das Wachstum dieses Subreddits war das Ergebnis großer Anstrengungen, die das Team von PrivacyGuides.org über mehrere Jahre hinweg unternommen hat. Und jedem einzelnen von euch.
> >
> Ein Subreddit zu verwalten und zu moderieren ist eine Menge Arbeit. Wie ein Garten muss er geduldig und täglich gepflegt werden. Das ist keine Aufgabe für Dilettanten oder Menschen mit wenig Engagement. Es kann nicht unter einem Gärtner gedeihen, der es mehrere Jahre lang im Stich lässt und dann auftaucht und die diesjährige Ernte als Tribut fordert. Das ist unfair gegenüber dem Team, das vor Jahren aufgestellt wurde. Es ist unfair dir gegenüber. [...] > Ein Subreddit zu verwalten und zu moderieren ist eine Menge Arbeit. Wie ein Garten muss er geduldig und täglich gepflegt werden. It's not a task for dilettantes or commitment-challenged people. Es kann nicht unter einem Gärtner gedeihen, der es mehrere Jahre lang im Stich lässt und dann auftaucht und die diesjährige Ernte als Tribut fordert. It's unfair to the team formed years ago. Es ist unfair dir gegenüber. [...]
Subreddits gehören niemandem, und sie gehören vor allem nicht den Markeninhabern. Sie gehören zu ihren Communities, und die Community und ihre Moderatoren haben die Entscheidung getroffen, den Umzug zu r/PrivacyGuides zu unterstützen. Subreddits gehören niemandem, und sie gehören vor allem nicht den Markeninhabern. Sie gehören zu ihren Communities, und die Community und ihre Moderatoren haben die Entscheidung getroffen, den Umzug zu r/PrivacyGuides zu unterstützen.
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ Unsere Fundraising-Plattform, OpenCollective, ist ein weiterer Streitpunkt. Unse
Daher gehören die OpenCollective-Gelder Privacy Guides, sie wurden unserem Projekt zur Verfügung gestellt, und nicht dem Eigentümer eines bekannten Domainnamens. In der Ankündigung an die Spender vom 17. September 2021 haben wir allen Spendern, die mit unserer Haltung nicht einverstanden sind, eine Rückerstattung angeboten, aber niemand hat von diesem Angebot Gebrauch gemacht: Daher gehören die OpenCollective-Gelder Privacy Guides, sie wurden unserem Projekt zur Verfügung gestellt, und nicht dem Eigentümer eines bekannten Domainnamens. In der Ankündigung an die Spender vom 17. September 2021 haben wir allen Spendern, die mit unserer Haltung nicht einverstanden sind, eine Rückerstattung angeboten, aber niemand hat von diesem Angebot Gebrauch gemacht:
> Wenn Sponsoren oder Unterstützer mit diesen jüngsten Ereignissen nicht einverstanden sind oder sich von ihnen getäuscht fühlen und angesichts dieser höchst ungewöhnlichen Umstände eine Rückerstattung beantragen möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte per E-Mail an unseren Projektadministrator: jonah@triplebit.net. > If any sponsors or backers disagree with or feel misled by these recent events and would like to request a refund given these highly unusual circumstances, please get in touch with our project admin by emailing `jonah@triplebit.net`.
## Weitere Informationen ## Weitere Informationen

9
i18n/de/about/services.md
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@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ Wir betreiben eine Reihe von Webdiensten, um Funktionen zu testen und coole deze
## Gitea ## Gitea
- Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev) - Domain: [code.privacyguides.dev](https://code.privacyguides.dev)
- Verfügbarkeit: Nur auf Einladung - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to any team working on *Privacy Guides*-related development or content.
Zugang kann auf Anfrage jedem Team gewährt werden, das an *Privacy Guides*-bezogener Entwicklung oder Inhalt arbeitet.
- Quelle: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea) - Quelle: [snapcraft.io/gitea](https://snapcraft.io/gitea)
## Matrix ## Matrix
- Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org) - Domain: [matrix.privacyguides.org](https://matrix.privacyguides.org)
- Verfügbarkeit: Nur auf Einladung - Availability: Invite-Only Access may be granted upon request to Privacy Guides team members, Matrix moderators, third-party Matrix community administrators, Matrix bot operators, and other individuals in need of a reliable Matrix presence.
Der Zugang kann auf Anfrage Mitgliedern des Privacy Guides-Teams, Matrix-Moderatoren, Drittanbieter-Administratoren der Matrix-Community, Betreibern von Matrix-Bots und anderen Personen, die eine zuverlässige Matrix-Präsenz benötigen, gewährt werden.
- Quelle: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy) - Quelle: [github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy](https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy)
## SearXNG ## SearXNG
@ -33,6 +31,5 @@ Wir betreiben eine Reihe von Webdiensten, um Funktionen zu testen und coole deze
## Invidious ## Invidious
- Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net) - Domain: [invidious.privacyguides.net](https://invidious.privacyguides.net)
- Verfügbarkeit: Halböffentlich - Availability: Semi-Public We host Invidious primarily to serve embedded YouTube videos on our website, this instance is not intended for general-purpose use and may be limited at any time.
Wir hosten Invidious in erster Linie, um eingebettete YouTube-Videos auf unserer Website bereitzustellen. Diese Instanz ist nicht für die allgemeine Nutzung vorgesehen und kann jederzeit eingeschränkt werden.
- Quelle: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious) - Quelle: [github.com/iv-org/invidious](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious)

4
i18n/de/advanced/dns-overview.md
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@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ dig +nocmd @9.9.9.11 -t txt o-o.myaddr.l.google.com +nocomments +noall +answer +
If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider. If the results include a second edns0-client-subnet TXT record (like shown below), then your DNS server is passing along EDNS information. The IP or network shown after is the precise information which was shared with Google by your DNS provider.
```text ```text
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "198.51.100.32"
o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24" o-o.myaddr.l.google.com. 60 IN TXT "edns0-client-subnet 198.51.100.0/24"
;; Query time: 64 msec ;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11) ;; SERVER: 9.9.9.11#53(9.9.9.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024 ;; WHEN: Wed Mar 13 10:23:08 CDT 2024

14
i18n/de/basics/common-misconceptions.md
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@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses. 1. **Known identity** - A known identity is used for things where you must declare your name. There are many legal documents and contracts where a legal identity is required. This could range from opening a bank account, signing a property lease, obtaining a passport, customs declarations when importing items, or otherwise dealing with your government. These things will usually lead to credentials such as credit cards, credit rating checks, account numbers, and possibly physical addresses.
We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means. We don't suggest using a VPN or Tor for any of these things, as your identity is already known through other means.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private. When shopping online, the use of a [parcel locker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcel_locker) can help keep your physical address private.
</div> </div>
2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc. 2. **Unknown identity** - An unknown identity could be a stable pseudonym that you regularly use. It is not anonymous because it doesn't change. If you're part of an online community, you may wish to retain a persona that others know. This pseudonym isn't anonymous because—if monitored for long enough—details about the owner can reveal further information, such as the way they write, their general knowledge about topics of interest, etc.
You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC. You may wish to use a VPN for this, to mask your IP address. Financial transactions are more difficult to mask: You could consider using anonymous cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://getmonero.org). Employing altcoin shifting may also help to disguise where your currency originated. Typically, exchanges require KYC (know your customer) to be completed before they'll allow you to exchange fiat currency into any kind of cryptocurrency. Local meet-up options may also be a solution; however, those are often more expensive and sometimes also require KYC.
3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly. 3. **Anonymous identity** - Even with experience, anonymous identities are difficult to maintain over long periods of time. They should be short-term and short-lived identities which are rotated regularly.
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.) Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident). [^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

2
i18n/de/basics/multi-factor-authentication.md
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Qubes OS has support for Challenge-Response authentication with YubiKeys. If you
SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up. SSH MFA could be set up using multiple different authentication methods that are popular with hardware security keys. We recommend that you check out Yubico's [documentation](https://developers.yubico.com/SSH) on how to set this up.
#### Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) #### TOTP
SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ. SSH MFA can also be set up using TOTP. DigitalOcean has provided a tutorial [How To Set Up Multi-Factor Authentication for SSH on Ubuntu 20.04](https://digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-multi-factor-authentication-for-ssh-on-ubuntu-20-04). Most things should be the same regardless of distribution, however the package manager commands—such as `apt-get`—and package names may differ.

5
i18n/de/basics/why-privacy-matters.md
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@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ Privacy is ultimately about human information, and this is important because we
Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play. Many people get the concepts of **privacy**, **security**, and **anonymity** confused. You'll see people criticize various products as "not private" when really they mean it doesn't provide anonymity, for example. On this website, we cover all three of these topics, but it is important you understand the difference between them, and when each one comes into play.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Datenschutz** **Datenschutz**
: :
==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient. ==Privacy is the assurance that your data is only seen by the parties you intend to view it.== In the context of an instant messenger, for example, end-to-end encryption provides privacy by keeping your message visible only to yourself and the recipient.
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Sicherheit** **Sicherheit**
: :
@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ Security is the ability to trust the applications you use—that the parties inv
Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website. Certificates prove you are talking directly to the website you're visiting, and keep attackers on your network from reading or modifying the data sent to or from the website.
**Anonymität** <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
**Anonymity**
: :
Anonymity is the ability to act without a persistent identifier. You might achieve this online with [Tor](../tor.md), which allows you to browse the internet with a random IP address and network connection instead of your own. Anonymity is the ability to act without a persistent identifier. You might achieve this online with [Tor](../tor.md), which allows you to browse the internet with a random IP address and network connection instead of your own.

2
i18n/de/cloud.md
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest. > Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party. Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third party.
## Tresorit ## Tresorit

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