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---
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meta_title: "The Best Android Operating Systems - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Alternative Distributions"
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description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
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meta_title: "I Migliori Sistemi Operativi Android – Privacy Guides"
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title: "Distribuzioni Alternative"
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description: Puoi sostituire il sistema operativo del tuo telefono Android con queste alternative sicure e rispettose della privacy.
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schema:
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- "@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": WebPage
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@@ -20,45 +20,45 @@ schema:
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robots: nofollow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large
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---
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<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small>
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<small>Protegge dalle seguenti minacce:</small>
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- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](../basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals){ .pg-red }
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- [:material-bug-outline: Passive Attacks](../basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy){ .pg-orange }
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- [:material-target-account: Attacchi mirati](../basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals){ .pg-red }
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- [:material-bug-outline: Attacchi passivi](../basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy){ .pg-orange }
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A **custom Android-based operating system** (sometimes referred to as a **custom ROM**) can be a way to achieve a higher level of privacy and security on your device. This is in contrast to the "stock" version of Android which comes with your phone from the factory, and is often deeply integrated with Google Play Services as well as other vendor software.
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Un **sistema operativo personalizzato basato su Android** (a volte indicato come **ROM personalizzata**) può essere un modo per ottenere un livello più elevato di privacy e sicurezza sul proprio dispositivo. Questo si contrappone alla versione "stock" di Android, fornita con il telefono al momento dell’acquisto e preinstallata, che spesso è strettamente integrata con Google Play Services e con altro software del produttore.
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We recommend installing GrapheneOS if you have a Google Pixel as it provides improved security hardening and additional privacy features. The reasons we don't list other operating systems or devices are as follows:
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Consigliamo di installare GrapheneOS se hai un Google Pixel, perché migliora la sicurezza e offre funzionalità aggiuntive per la privacy. I motivi per cui non elenchiamo altri sistemi operativi o dispositivi sono i seguenti:
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- They often have [weaker security](index.md#install-a-custom-distribution).
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- Support is frequently dropped when the maintainer loses interest or upgrades their device, which is in contrast to the predictable [support cycle](https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-lifetime) that GrapheneOS follows.
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- They generally have few or no notable privacy or security improvements that make installing them worthwhile.
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- Spesso hanno una [sicurezza più debole](index.md#install-a-custom-distribution).
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- Spesso non vengono più aggiornate quando chi li sviluppa perde interesse o cambia dispositivo, a differenza del [ciclo di supporto](https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-lifetime) regolare seguito da GrapheneOS.
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- Generalmente offrono pochi o nessun miglioramento significativo in termini di privacy o sicurezza che ne giustifichi l’installazione.
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## GrapheneOS
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
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**GrapheneOS** è la scelta migliore quando si parla di privacy e sicurezza.
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GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_\(computing\)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
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GrapheneOS offre un ulteriore miglioramento della privacy e della [sicurezza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_\(computing\)). Dispone di un [allocatore di memoria rafforzato](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), permessi per rete e sensori, e altre [funzionalità di sicurezza](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS include anche aggiornamenti firmware completi e build firmate, quindi il Verified Boot è completamente supportato.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-home-16: Pagina principale](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Informativa Sulla Privacy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentazione}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Codice Sorgente" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribuisci }
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</div>
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GrapheneOS supports [sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs Google Play Services fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as push notifications, while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
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GrapheneOS consente l’uso di [Google Play in una sandbox](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), che esegue Google Play Services isolati come qualsiasi altra app. In questo modo è possibile utilizzare la maggior parte dei servizi di Google Play Services, come le notifiche push, dandoti un controllo completo sui loro permessi e autorizzazioni, e limitandoli a un [profilo di lavoro](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) o a un [profilo utente](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) a tua scelta.
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[Google Pixel phones](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel) are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
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Al momento, solo i [telefoni Google Pixel](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel) soddisfano i [requisiti di sicurezza hardware](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices) di GrapheneOS.
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By default, Android makes many network connections to Google to perform DNS connectivity checks, to sync with current network time, to check your network connectivity, and for many other background tasks. GrapheneOS replaces these with connections to servers operated by GrapheneOS and subject to their privacy policy. This hides information like your IP address [from Google](../basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers), but means it is trivial for an admin on your network or ISP to see you are making connections to `grapheneos.network`, `grapheneos.org`, etc. and deduce what operating system you are using.
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Per impostazione predefinita, Android effettua molte connessioni di rete verso Google per verificare che il DNS funzioni correttamente, sincronizzarsi con l’orario di rete, verificare la connessione e svolgere altri compiti in background. GrapheneOS sostituisce queste connessioni con server gestiti da loro e soggetti alla loro informativa sulla privacy. Questo nasconde informazioni come il tuo indirizzo IP [a Google](../basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers), ma rende facile per un amministratore di rete o per il provider Internet vedere che ti stai collegando a grapheneos.network, grapheneos.org, ecc., e capire quale sistema operativo stai usando.
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If you want to hide information like this from an adversary on your network or ISP, you **must** use a [trusted VPN](../vpn.md) in addition to changing the connectivity check setting to **Standard (Google)**. It can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Network & internet** → **Internet connectivity checks**. This option allows you to connect to Google's servers for connectivity checks, which, alongside the usage of a VPN, helps you blend in with a larger pool of Android devices.
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Se vuoi nascondere informazioni come queste a un attaccante presente sulla tua rete o al provider Internet, **devi** usare una [VPN affidabile](../vpn.md) oltre a impostare il controllo della connettività su **Standard (Google)**. Puoi trovarla in :gear: **Impostazioni** → **Rete e Internet** → **Internet connectivity checks**. This option allows you to connect to Google's servers for connectivity checks, which, alongside the usage of a VPN, helps you blend in with a larger pool of Android devices.
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## Criteri
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@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ From Mastodon's web interface, click the **Administration** link in the right si
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There are a number of privacy controls under the **privacy and reach** tab here. Most notably, pay attention to these:
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- **Automatically accept new followers**: You should consider unchecking this box to have a private profile. This will allow you to review who can follow your account before accepting them.
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- [ ] **Automatically accept new followers**: You should consider unchecking this box to have a private profile. This will allow you to review who can follow your account before accepting them.
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In contrast to most social media platforms, if you have a private profile you still have the _option_ to publish posts which are publicly visible to non-followers and can still be boosted by non-followers. Therefore, unchecking this box is the only way to have the _choice_ to publish to either the entire world or a select group of people.
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- **Show follows and followers on profile**: You should uncheck this box to hide your social graph from the public. It is fairly uncommon for the list of people you follow to have some genuine benefit to others, but that information can present a risk to you.
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- [ ] **Show follows and followers on profile**: You should uncheck this box to hide your social graph from the public. It is fairly uncommon for the list of people you follow to have some genuine benefit to others, but that information can present a risk to you.
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- **Display from which app you sent a post**: You should uncheck this box to prevent revealing information about your personal computing setup to others unnecessarily.
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- [ ] **Display from which app you sent a post**: You should uncheck this box to prevent revealing information about your personal computing setup to others unnecessarily.
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The other privacy controls on this page should be read through, but we would stress that they are **not** technical controls—they are merely requests that you make to others. For example, if you choose to hide your profile from search engines on this page, **nothing** is actually stopping a search engine from reading your profile. You are merely requesting search engine indexes not publish your content to their users.
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@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Note that this only changes your default settings to prevent accidental over-sha
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#### Automated post deletion
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- Check the **Automatically delete old posts** box.
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- [x] Check the **Automatically delete old posts** box.
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The default settings here are fine, and will delete any posts you make after 2 weeks, unless you favorite (star) them. This gives you an easy way to control which posts stick around forever, and which ones are only ephemeral. Many settings about how long and when posts are kept can be adjusted here to suit your own needs, however.
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@@ -155,15 +155,15 @@ To prevent revealing information about your personal device to others unnecessar
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#### Preferences
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- Uncheck **Send read receipts**
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- Uncheck **Send typing notifications**
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- [ ] Uncheck **Send read receipts**
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- [ ] Uncheck **Send typing notifications**
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You should uncheck these options to reduce the exposure of metadata to other users when chatting in a public room.
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#### Voice & Video
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- Uncheck **Allow Peer-to-Peer for 1:1 calls**
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- Uncheck **Allow fallback call assist server (turn.matrix.org)**
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- [ ] Uncheck **Allow Peer-to-Peer for 1:1 calls**
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- [ ] Uncheck **Allow fallback call assist server (turn.matrix.org)**
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If you do decide to use Element for one-to-one communication, we recommend unchecking these settings to prevent the exposure of your IP address to the other party.
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@@ -177,13 +177,13 @@ As an end user on a public homeserver, you can consider unchecking the **Enable
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##### Sessions
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- (Optional) Uncheck **Record the client name, version, and url to recognize sessions for easily in session manager**
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- [ ] (Optional) Uncheck **Record the client name, version, and url to recognize sessions for easily in session manager**
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Unchecking this option may make it more diffcult to discern your active sessions if you logged in to your Matrix account on multiple devices.
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#### Crittografia
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- (Optional) Check **In encrypted rooms, only send messages to verified users**
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- [x] (Optional) Check **In encrypted rooms, only send messages to verified users**
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With this setting enabled, unverified users (i.e., those who have not used the **Verify User** function) and unverified devices of verified users will not receive your messages in a room with encryption enabled. This may limit the messages you can view and the people you can interact with.
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