Add translations to the main site (+markdown transition) [DON'T MERGE] #621
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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---
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title: Global Mass Surveillance - The Fourteen Eyes
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description: >
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The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to cooperatively collect, analyze, and share intelligence. Members of this group, known as the [Five Eyes](https://www.giswatch.org/en/communications-surveillance/unmasking-five-eyes-global-surveillance-practices), focus on gathering and analyzing intelligence from different parts of the world. While Five Eyes countries have agreed to [not spy on each other](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/an-exclusive-club-the-five-countries-that-dont-spy-on-each-other) as adversaries, leaks by Snowden have revealed that some Five Eyes members monitor each other’s citizens and [share intelligence](https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa) to [avoid breaking domestic laws](https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jun/10/nsa-offers-intelligence-british-counterparts-blunkett) that prohibit them from spying on their own citizens. The Five Eyes alliance also cooperates with groups of third-party countries to share intelligence (forming the Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes), however Five Eyes and third-party countries can and do spy on each other.
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five_eyes: Five Eyes
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nine_eyes: Nine Eyes
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fourteen_eyes: Fourteen Eyes
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---
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@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ subheading: >
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against global mass surveillance.
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translations_disclaimer: Translations of privacytools.io were done by volunteers. They might be not up to date.
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Read also: Read also
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Related Information: Related Information
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---
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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---
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title: Key Disclosure Law
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subheading: Who is required to hand over the encryption keys to authorities?
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description: >
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Mandatory [key disclosure laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law) require individuals to turn over encryption keys to law enforcement conducting a criminal investigation. How these laws are implemented (who may be legally compelled to assist) vary from nation to nation, but a warrant is generally required. Defenses against key disclosure laws include steganography and encrypting data in a way that provides plausible deniability.
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[Steganography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography) involves hiding sensitive information (which may be encrypted) inside of ordinary data (for example, encrypting an image file and then hiding it in an audio file). With plausible deniability, data is encrypted in a way that prevents an adversary from being able to prove that the information they are after exists (for example, one password may decrypt benign data and another password, used on the same file, could decrypt sensitive data).
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apply: Key disclosure laws apply
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may_apply: Key disclosure laws may apply
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dont_apply: Key disclosure laws don't apply
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note: people who know how to access a system may be ordered to share their knowledge, <strong>however, this doesn't apply to the suspect itself or family members.</strong>
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@ -5,10 +5,18 @@
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{% else %}
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<div class="card-header text-white bg-{{include.color}}">
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{% endif %}
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<h3 class="h5">{{include.title}}</h3>
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||||
<h3 class="h5">{{ include.title }}</h3>
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||||
</div>
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||||
{% if include.list %}
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||||
<div class="card-body">
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{{include.body}}
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<ol class="card-ol">
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{{ include.list | markdownify | replace:"<":"<" | replace:">":">" }}
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||||
</ol>
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</div>
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{% else %}
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||||
<div class="card-body">
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||||
{{ include.body }}
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||||
</div>
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{% endif %}
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</div>
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</div>
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@ -1,48 +1,40 @@
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<h1 id="ukusa" class="anchor"><a href="#ukusa"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Global Mass Surveillance - The Fourteen Eyes</h1>
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{% include section_config section=include.section lang=include.lang %}
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||||
<h1 id="ukusa" class="anchor"><a href="#ukusa"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> {{ title }} </h1>
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<img src="/assets/img/layout/UKUSA.png" class="img-fluid float-right" alt="UKUSA Agreement" style="margin-left:10px;">
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<p>The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to cooperatively collect, analyze, and share intelligence. Members of this group, known as the <a href="https://www.giswatch.org/en/communications-surveillance/unmasking-five-eyes-global-surveillance-practices">Five Eyes</a>,
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focus on gathering and analyzing intelligence from different parts of the world. While Five Eyes countries have agreed to <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/an-exclusive-club-the-five-countries-that-dont-spy-on-each-other">not spy on each other</a> as adversaries, leaks by Snowden have revealed that some Five Eyes members monitor each other’s citizens and <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa">share intelligence</a> to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jun/10/nsa-offers-intelligence-british-counterparts-blunkett">avoid breaking domestic laws</a> that prohibit them from spying on their own citizens. The Five Eyes alliance also cooperates with groups of third-party countries to share intelligence (forming the Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes), however Five Eyes and third-party countries can and do
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spy on each other.</p>
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{{ description }}
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<!-- chart -->
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<div class="row mb-3">
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{% include components/panel.html color="danger"
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title="Five Eyes"
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body='
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<ol class="card-ol">
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<li>Australia <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>Canada <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>New Zealand <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>United Kingdom <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>United States of America <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></span></div></li>
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||||
</ol>
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title=five_eyes
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list='
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||||
- Australia <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></span></div>
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||||
- Canada <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></span></div>
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||||
- New Zealand <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></span></div>
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||||
- United Kingdom <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></span></div>
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||||
- United States of America <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></span></div>
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'
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||||
%}
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||||
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{% include components/panel.html color="warning"
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title="Nine Eyes"
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body='
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<ol class="card-ol">
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<li>Denmark <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>France <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></span></div></li>
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<li>Netherlands <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span></div></li>
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<li>Norway <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-no"></span></div></li>
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||||
</ol>
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title=nine_eyes
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list='
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- Denmark <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-dk"></span></div>
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||||
- France <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></span></div>
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||||
- Netherlands <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span></div>
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||||
- Norway <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-no"></span></div>
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'
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||||
%}
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{% include components/panel.html color="secondary"
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title="Fourteen Eyes"
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body='
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<ol class="card-ol">
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<li>Belgium <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></span></div></li>
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<li>Germany <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span></div></li>
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<li>Italy <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></span></div></li>
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<li>Spain <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></span></div></li>
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||||
<li>Sweden <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></span></div></li>
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||||
</ol>
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||||
title=fourteen_eyes
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||||
list='
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||||
- Belgium <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></span></div>
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||||
- Germany <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span></div>
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||||
- Italy <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-it"></span></div>
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||||
- Spain <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-es"></span></div>
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||||
- Sweden <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></span></div>
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||||
'
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||||
%}
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||||
</div>
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||||
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@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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{% include section_config section=include.section lang=include.lang %}
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||||
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||||
<h1 id="kdl" class="anchor"><a href="#kdl"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> {{ title }}</h1>
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||||
### {{ subheading }}
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||||
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||||
{{ description }}
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||||
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||||
<!-- Chart of key disclosure law in some countries -->
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||||
<div class="row mb-2">
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||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="danger"
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||||
title=apply
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||||
list='
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||||
- [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Antigua_and_Barbuda) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></span></div>
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||||
- [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Australia) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Canada) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></span></div>
|
||||
- [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#France) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></span></div>
|
||||
- [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#India) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Ireland) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Norway](https://edri.org/norway-introduces-forced-biometric-authentication/) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-no"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Russia](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-20/telegram-loses-bid-to-stop-russia-from-getting-encryption-keys) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></span></div>
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||||
- [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#South_Africa) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></span></div>
|
||||
- [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_Kingdom) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></span></div>
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||||
'
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||||
%}
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||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="warning"
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||||
title=may_apply
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||||
list='
|
||||
- [Belgium *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Belgium) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Finland *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Finland) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></span></div>
|
||||
- [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#New_Zealand) (unclear) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></span></div>
|
||||
- [The Netherlands *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#The_Netherlands) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span></div>
|
||||
- [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_States) (see related information) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></span></div>
|
||||
'
|
||||
%}
|
||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="success"
|
||||
title=dont_apply
|
||||
list='
|
||||
- [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Czech_Republic) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Germany) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Poland) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></span></div>
|
||||
- [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Sweden) (proposed) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></span></div>
|
||||
'
|
||||
%}
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
\* ({{ note }})
|
||||
|
||||
### {{ related_information }}
|
||||
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law">Wikipedia page on key disclosure law</a>
|
||||
- <a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/1523/can-a-us-citizen-be-required-to-provide-the-authentication-key-for-encrypted-dat">law.stackexchange.com question about key disclosure law in US</a>
|
||||
- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt7D4AIfqlQ">DEFCON 20: Crypto and the Cops: the Law of Key Disclosure and Forced Decryption</a>
|
||||
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@ -30,71 +30,7 @@
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|
||||
{% include section name="nothing_to_hide" %}
|
||||
{% include section name="fourteen_eyes" %}
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||||
|
||||
<!-- Key disclosure law -->
|
||||
<h1 id="kdl" class="anchor"><a href="#kdl"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Key Disclosure Law</h1> <h3>Who is required to hand over the encryption keys to authorities?</h3>
|
||||
<p>Mandatory <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law">key disclosure laws</a> require individuals to turn over encryption keys to law enforcement conducting a criminal investigation. How these laws are implemented (who may be legally compelled to assist) vary from nation to nation, but a warrant
|
||||
is generally required. Defenses against key disclosure laws include steganography and encrypting data in a way that provides plausible deniability.</p> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography">Steganography</a> involves hiding sensitive information (which may be encrypted) inside of ordinary data (for example, encrypting an image file and then hiding it in an audio file). With plausible deniability, data is encrypted in a way that prevents an
|
||||
adversary from being able to prove that the information they are after exists (for example, one password may decrypt benign data and another password, used on the same file, could decrypt sensitive data).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Chart of key disclosure law in some countries -->
|
||||
<div class="row mb-2">
|
||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="danger"
|
||||
title="Key disclosure laws apply"
|
||||
body='
|
||||
<ol class="card-ol">
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Antigua_and_Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ag"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Australia">Australia</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-au"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Canada">Canada</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ca"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#France">France</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fr"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#India">India</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-in"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Ireland">Ireland</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ie"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://edri.org/norway-introduces-forced-biometric-authentication/">Norway</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-no"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-20/telegram-loses-bid-to-stop-russia-from-getting-encryption-keys">Russia</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ru"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#South_Africa">South Africa</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-za"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-gb"></span></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
'
|
||||
%}
|
||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="warning"
|
||||
title="Key disclosure laws may apply"
|
||||
body='
|
||||
<ol class="card-ol">
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Belgium">Belgium *</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Finland">Finland *</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-fi"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#New_Zealand">New Zealand</a> (unclear) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nz"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#The_Netherlands">The Netherlands *</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_States">United States</a> (see related information) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-us"></span></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
'
|
||||
%}
|
||||
|
||||
{% include components/panel.html color="success"
|
||||
title="Key disclosure laws don't apply"
|
||||
body='
|
||||
<ol class="card-ol">
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-cz"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Germany">Germany</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Poland">Poland</a> <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-pl"></span></div></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Sweden">Sweden</a> (proposed) <div class="float-right"><span class="flag-icon flag-icon-se"></span></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
'
|
||||
%}
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> * (people who know how to access a system may be ordered to share their knowledge, <strong>however, this doesn't apply to the suspect itself or family members.</strong>)</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Related Information</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law">Wikipedia page on key disclosure law</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/1523/can-a-us-citizen-be-required-to-provide-the-authentication-key-for-encrypted-dat">law.stackexchange.com question about key disclosure law in US</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt7D4AIfqlQ">DEFCON 20: Crypto and the Cops: the Law of Key Disclosure and Forced Decryption</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- end Chart of key disclosure law in some countries -->
|
||||
{% include section name="key_disclosure_law" %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="usa" class="anchor">Why is it not recommended to choose a US-based service?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
|
|||
{% assign english = site.data.lang.en.general %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% assign subheading = language.subheading | default: english.subheading %}
|
||||
{% assign read_also = language['Read also'] | default: english['Read also'] %}
|
||||
{% assign read_also = language['Read also'] | default: english['Read also'] %}
|
||||
{% assign related_information = language['Related Information'] | default: english['Related Information'] %}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
|||
{% assign title = include.lang.title | default: include.en.title %}
|
||||
{% assign description = include.lang.description | default: include.en.description %}
|
||||
{% assign five_eyes = include.lang.five_eyes | default: include.en.five_eyes %}
|
||||
{% assign nine_eyes = include.lang.nine_eyes | default: include.en.nine_eyes %}
|
||||
{% assign fourteen_eyes = include.lang.fourteen_eyes | default: include.en.fourteen_eyes %}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{% assign title = include.lang.title | default: include.en.title %}
|
||||
{% assign subheading = include.lang.subheading | default: include.en.subheading %}
|
||||
{% assign description = include.lang.description | default: include.en.description %}
|
||||
{% assign apply = include.lang.apply | default: include.en.apply %}
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||||
{% assign may_apply = include.lang.may_apply | default: include.en.may_apply %}
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||||
{% assign dont_apply = include.lang.dont_apply | default: include.en.dont_apply %}
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||||
{% assign note = include.lang.note | default: include.en.note %}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue