diff --git a/_data/lang/en/fourteen_eyes.yml b/_data/lang/en/fourteen_eyes.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45caa89c --- /dev/null +++ b/_data/lang/en/fourteen_eyes.yml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +--- +title: Global Mass Surveillance - The Fourteen Eyes +description: > + The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to cooperatively collect, analyze, and share intelligence. Members of this group, known as the [Five Eyes](https://www.giswatch.org/en/communications-surveillance/unmasking-five-eyes-global-surveillance-practices), focus on gathering and analyzing intelligence from different parts of the world. While Five Eyes countries have agreed to [not spy on each other](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/an-exclusive-club-the-five-countries-that-dont-spy-on-each-other) as adversaries, leaks by Snowden have revealed that some Five Eyes members monitor each other’s citizens and [share intelligence](https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa) to [avoid breaking domestic laws](https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jun/10/nsa-offers-intelligence-british-counterparts-blunkett) that prohibit them from spying on their own citizens. The Five Eyes alliance also cooperates with groups of third-party countries to share intelligence (forming the Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes), however Five Eyes and third-party countries can and do spy on each other. +five_eyes: Five Eyes +nine_eyes: Nine Eyes +fourteen_eyes: Fourteen Eyes +--- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_data/lang/en/general.yml b/_data/lang/en/general.yml index 19234d3d..43d72162 100644 --- a/_data/lang/en/general.yml +++ b/_data/lang/en/general.yml @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ subheading: > against global mass surveillance. translations_disclaimer: Translations of privacytools.io were done by volunteers. They might be not up to date. Read also: Read also +Related Information: Related Information --- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_data/lang/en/key_disclosure_law.yml b/_data/lang/en/key_disclosure_law.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7316fb27 --- /dev/null +++ b/_data/lang/en/key_disclosure_law.yml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: Key Disclosure Law +subheading: Who is required to hand over the encryption keys to authorities? +description: > + Mandatory [key disclosure laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law) require individuals to turn over encryption keys to law enforcement conducting a criminal investigation. How these laws are implemented (who may be legally compelled to assist) vary from nation to nation, but a warrant is generally required. Defenses against key disclosure laws include steganography and encrypting data in a way that provides plausible deniability. + + [Steganography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography) involves hiding sensitive information (which may be encrypted) inside of ordinary data (for example, encrypting an image file and then hiding it in an audio file). With plausible deniability, data is encrypted in a way that prevents an adversary from being able to prove that the information they are after exists (for example, one password may decrypt benign data and another password, used on the same file, could decrypt sensitive data). +apply: Key disclosure laws apply +may_apply: Key disclosure laws may apply +dont_apply: Key disclosure laws don't apply +note: people who know how to access a system may be ordered to share their knowledge, however, this doesn't apply to the suspect itself or family members. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/components/panel.html b/_includes/components/panel.html index f9e77415..817c3201 100644 --- a/_includes/components/panel.html +++ b/_includes/components/panel.html @@ -5,10 +5,18 @@ {% else %}
{% endif %} -

{{include.title}}

+

{{ include.title }}

+ {% if include.list %}
- {{include.body}} +
    + {{ include.list | markdownify | replace:"<":"<" | replace:">":">" }} +
+ {% else %} +
+ {{ include.body }} +
+ {% endif %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/content/fourteen_eyes.md b/_includes/content/fourteen_eyes.md index d187f30c..524259a9 100644 --- a/_includes/content/fourteen_eyes.md +++ b/_includes/content/fourteen_eyes.md @@ -1,48 +1,40 @@ -

Global Mass Surveillance - The Fourteen Eyes

+{% include section_config section=include.section lang=include.lang %} +

{{ title }}

UKUSA Agreement - -

The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to cooperatively collect, analyze, and share intelligence. Members of this group, known as the Five Eyes, - focus on gathering and analyzing intelligence from different parts of the world. While Five Eyes countries have agreed to not spy on each other as adversaries, leaks by Snowden have revealed that some Five Eyes members monitor each other’s citizens and share intelligence to avoid breaking domestic laws that prohibit them from spying on their own citizens. The Five Eyes alliance also cooperates with groups of third-party countries to share intelligence (forming the Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes), however Five Eyes and third-party countries can and do - spy on each other.

+{{ description }}
{% include components/panel.html color="danger" - title="Five Eyes" - body=' -
    -
  1. Australia
    2. -
  2. Canada
    3. -
  3. New Zealand
    4. -
  4. United Kingdom
    5. -
  5. United States of America
    6. -
+ title=five_eyes + list=' + - Australia
+ - Canada
+ - New Zealand
+ - United Kingdom
+ - United States of America
' %} {% include components/panel.html color="warning" - title="Nine Eyes" - body=' -
    -
  1. Denmark
    2. -
  2. France
    3. -
  3. Netherlands
    4. -
  4. Norway
    5. -
+ title=nine_eyes + list=' + - Denmark
+ - France
+ - Netherlands
+ - Norway
' %} {% include components/panel.html color="secondary" - title="Fourteen Eyes" - body=' -
    -
  1. Belgium
    2. -
  2. Germany
    3. -
  3. Italy
    4. -
  4. Spain
    5. -
  5. Sweden
    6. -
+ title=fourteen_eyes + list=' + - Belgium
+ - Germany
+ - Italy
+ - Spain
+ - Sweden
' %}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/content/key_disclosure_law.md b/_includes/content/key_disclosure_law.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d92bbe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_includes/content/key_disclosure_law.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +{% include section_config section=include.section lang=include.lang %} + +

{{ title }}

+### {{ subheading }} + +{{ description }} + + +
+ + {% include components/panel.html color="danger" + title=apply + list=' + - [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Antigua_and_Barbuda)
+ - [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Australia)
+ - [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Canada)
+ - [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#France)
+ - [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#India)
+ - [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Ireland)
+ - [Norway](https://edri.org/norway-introduces-forced-biometric-authentication/)
+ - [Russia](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-20/telegram-loses-bid-to-stop-russia-from-getting-encryption-keys)
+ - [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#South_Africa)
+ - [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_Kingdom)
+ ' + %} + + {% include components/panel.html color="warning" + title=may_apply + list=' + - [Belgium *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Belgium)
+ - [Finland *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Finland)
+ - [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#New_Zealand) (unclear)
+ - [The Netherlands *](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#The_Netherlands)
+ - [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#United_States) (see related information)
+ ' + %} + + {% include components/panel.html color="success" + title=dont_apply + list=' + - [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Czech_Republic)
+ - [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Germany)
+ - [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Poland)
+ - [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law#Sweden) (proposed)
+ ' + %} + +
+ +\* ({{ note }}) + +### {{ related_information }} +- Wikipedia page on key disclosure law +- law.stackexchange.com question about key disclosure law in US +- DEFCON 20: Crypto and the Cops: the Law of Key Disclosure and Forced Decryption \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/index.html b/_includes/index.html index 5f1eabfc..b850681d 100644 --- a/_includes/index.html +++ b/_includes/index.html @@ -30,71 +30,7 @@ {% include section name="nothing_to_hide" %} {% include section name="fourteen_eyes" %} - - -

Key Disclosure Law

Who is required to hand over the encryption keys to authorities?

-

Mandatory key disclosure laws require individuals to turn over encryption keys to law enforcement conducting a criminal investigation. How these laws are implemented (who may be legally compelled to assist) vary from nation to nation, but a warrant - is generally required. Defenses against key disclosure laws include steganography and encrypting data in a way that provides plausible deniability.

Steganography involves hiding sensitive information (which may be encrypted) inside of ordinary data (for example, encrypting an image file and then hiding it in an audio file). With plausible deniability, data is encrypted in a way that prevents an - adversary from being able to prove that the information they are after exists (for example, one password may decrypt benign data and another password, used on the same file, could decrypt sensitive data).

- - -
- - {% include components/panel.html color="danger" - title="Key disclosure laws apply" - body=' -
    -
  1. Antigua and Barbuda
    2. -
  2. Australia
    3. -
  3. Canada
    4. -
  4. France
    5. -
  5. India
    6. -
  6. Ireland
    7. -
  7. Norway
    8. -
  8. Russia
    9. -
  9. South Africa
    10. -
  10. United Kingdom
    11. -
- ' - %} - - {% include components/panel.html color="warning" - title="Key disclosure laws may apply" - body=' -
    -
  1. Belgium *
    2. -
  2. Finland *
    3. -
  3. New Zealand (unclear)
    4. -
  4. The Netherlands *
    5. -
  5. United States (see related information)
    6. -
- ' - %} - - {% include components/panel.html color="success" - title="Key disclosure laws don't apply" - body=' -
    -
  1. Czech Republic
    2. -
  2. Germany
    3. -
  3. Poland
    4. -
  4. Sweden (proposed)
    5. -
- ' - %} - -
- -

* (people who know how to access a system may be ordered to share their knowledge, however, this doesn't apply to the suspect itself or family members.)

- -

Related Information

- - - + {% include section name="key_disclosure_law" %}

Why is it not recommended to choose a US-based service?

diff --git a/_includes/langs/_general b/_includes/langs/_general index efebf542..fe8f5471 100644 --- a/_includes/langs/_general +++ b/_includes/langs/_general @@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ {% assign english = site.data.lang.en.general %} {% assign subheading = language.subheading | default: english.subheading %} -{% assign read_also = language['Read also'] | default: english['Read also'] %} \ No newline at end of file +{% assign read_also = language['Read also'] | default: english['Read also'] %} +{% assign related_information = language['Related Information'] | default: english['Related Information'] %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/langs/fourteen_eyes b/_includes/langs/fourteen_eyes new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b2636150 --- /dev/null +++ b/_includes/langs/fourteen_eyes @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +{% assign title = include.lang.title | default: include.en.title %} +{% assign description = include.lang.description | default: include.en.description %} +{% assign five_eyes = include.lang.five_eyes | default: include.en.five_eyes %} +{% assign nine_eyes = include.lang.nine_eyes | default: include.en.nine_eyes %} +{% assign fourteen_eyes = include.lang.fourteen_eyes | default: include.en.fourteen_eyes %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/langs/key_disclosure_law b/_includes/langs/key_disclosure_law new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4238e8c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_includes/langs/key_disclosure_law @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +{% assign title = include.lang.title | default: include.en.title %} +{% assign subheading = include.lang.subheading | default: include.en.subheading %} +{% assign description = include.lang.description | default: include.en.description %} +{% assign apply = include.lang.apply | default: include.en.apply %} +{% assign may_apply = include.lang.may_apply | default: include.en.may_apply %} +{% assign dont_apply = include.lang.dont_apply | default: include.en.dont_apply %} +{% assign note = include.lang.note | default: include.en.note %} \ No newline at end of file