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New Crowdin Translations (#2074)

Signed-off-by: Daniel Gray <dngray@privacyguides.org>
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Crowdin Bot
2023-03-11 14:57:24 +00:00
committed by Daniel Gray
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---
title: "Account Creation"
icon: 'material/account-plus'
description: Creating accounts online is practically an internet necessity, take these steps to make sure you stay private.
---
Often people sign up for services without thinking. Maybe it's a streaming service so you can watch that new show everyone's talking about, or an account that gives you a discount for your favorite fast food place. Whatever the case may be, you should consider the implications for your data now and later on down the line.
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### Username and password
Some services allow you to register without using an email address and only require you to set a username and password. These services may provide increased anonymity when combined with a VPN or Tor. Keep in mind that for these accounts there will most likely be **no way to recover your account** in the event you forget your username or password.
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---
title: "Fiókok törlése"
icon: 'material/account-remove'
description: It's easy to accumulate a large number of internet accounts, here are some tips on how to prune your collection.
---
Over time, it can be easy to accumulate a number of online accounts, many of which you may no longer use. Deleting these unused accounts is an important step in reclaiming your privacy, as dormant accounts are vulnerable to data breaches. A data breach is when a service's security is compromised and protected information is viewed, transmitted, or stolen by unauthorized actors. Data breaches are unfortunately all [too common](https://haveibeenpwned.com/PwnedWebsites) these days, and so practicing good digital hygiene is the best way to minimize the impact they have on your life. The goal of this guide then is to help navigate you through the irksome process of account deletion, often made difficult by [deceptive design](https://www.deceptive.design/), for the betterment of your online presence.
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## Avoid New Accounts
As the old saying goes, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Whenever you feel tempted to sign up for a new account, ask yourself, "Do I really need this? Can I accomplish what I need to without an account?" It can often be much harder to delete an account than to create one. And even after deleting or changing the info on your account, there might be a cached version from a third-party—like the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/). Avoid the temptation when you're able to—your future self will thank you!
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---
title: "Common Misconceptions"
title: "Gyakori Tévhitek"
icon: 'material/robot-confused'
description: Az adatvédelem nem egy egyszerű téma, és könnyű belekeveredni marketinges állításokba és egyéb dezinformációkba.
---
## "Open-source software is always secure" or "Proprietary software is more secure"
## "A nyílt forráskódú szoftverek mindig biztonságosak" vagy "A jogvédett szoftverek biztonságosabbak"
These myths stem from a number of prejudices, but whether the source code is available and how software is licensed does not inherently affect its security in any way. ==Open-source software has the *potential* to be more secure than proprietary software, but there is absolutely no guarantee this is the case.== When you evaluate software, you should look at the reputation and security of each tool on an individual basis.
Ezek a mítoszok számos előítéletből fakadnak, de az, hogy a forráskód elérhető-e, és hogy a szoftverek licencelése hogyan történik, nem befolyásolja annak biztonságát semmilyen módon. ==A nyílt forráskódú szoftverek potenciálisan ** biztonságosabbak, mint a jogvédett szoftverek, de egyáltalán nem garantálható, hogy ez így is van.== Egy szoftver elbírálásánál az egyes eszközök hírnevét és biztonságát egyénileg kell megvizsgálni.
Open-source software *can* be audited by third-parties, and is often more transparent about potential vulnerabilities than proprietary counterparts. It also allows you to review the code and disable any suspicious functionality you find yourself. However, *unless you do so*, there is no guarantee that code has ever been evaluated, especially with smaller software projects. The open development process has also sometimes been exploited to introduce new vulnerabilities into even large projects.[^1]
Nyílt forráskódú szoftverek felülvizsgál*hatók* harmadik felek által, és gyakran átláthatóbbak lehetséges sebezhetőségek esetében, mint a jogvédett szoftverek. Azt is lehetővé teszi, hogy felülvizsgáld a kódot, és letiltsd a gyanús funkciókat, amiket találsz. Azonban, *ha nem így teszel*, nincs garancia arra, hogy a kód valaha is el lett bírálva, különösen a kisebb szoftverprojektek esetében. A nyílt fejlesztési folyamat is ki lett használva arra, hogy új sebezhetőségeket építsenek be még nagyobb projektekbe is.[^1]
On the flip side, proprietary software is less transparent, but that doesn't imply that it's not secure. Major proprietary software projects can be audited internally and by third-party agencies, and independent security researchers can still find vulnerabilities with techniques like reverse engineering.
A másik oldalon a jogvédett szoftverek kevésbé átláthatóak, de ez nem jelenti azt, hogy nem biztonságosak. A nagyobb jogvédett szoftverprojektek belső és harmadik fél által is felülvizsgálhatók, és független biztonsági kutatók továbbra is találhatnak sebezhetőségeket olyan technikákkal, mint a reverse engineering.
To avoid biased decisions, it's *vital* that you evaluate the privacy and security standards of the software you use.
Az elfogult döntések elkerülése érdekében *létfontosságú*, hogy elbíráld az általad használt szoftverek adatvédelmi és biztonsági szabványait.
## "Shifting trust can increase privacy"
## "A bizalom áthelyezése növelheti a magánélet védelmét"
We talk about "shifting trust" a lot when discussing solutions like VPNs (which shift the trust you place in your ISP to the VPN provider). While this protects your browsing data from your ISP *specifically*, the VPN provider you choose still has access to your browsing data: Your data isn't completely secured from all parties. This means that:
Sokat beszélünk a "bizalom áthelyezéséről", amikor olyan megoldásokról beszélünk, mint a VPN-ek (amelyek az internetszolgáltatódba vetett bizalmat a VPN-szolgáltatóra helyezik át). Míg ez megvédi a böngészési adataid az internetszolgáltatódtól *konkrétan*, a választott VPN szolgáltató továbbra is hozzáfér a böngészési adatokhoz: Az adataid nincsenek teljesen védve minden féltől. Ez azt jelenti, hogy:
1. You must exercise caution when choosing a provider to shift trust to.
2. You should still use other techniques, like E2EE, to protect your data completely. Merely distrusting one provider to trust another is not securing your data.
1. Óvatosan kell eljárnod, amikor kiválasztasz egy szolgáltatót, akire áthelyezed a bizalmat.
2. Az adatok teljes védelme érdekében továbbra is egyéb technikákat kell alkalmaznod, például End-to-End titkosítást. Ha csak azért nem bízol egy szolgáltatóban, hogy egy másikban bíz, az nem jelenti az adataid védelmét.
## "Privacy-focused solutions are inherently trustworthy"
## "Az adatvédelemre összpontosító megoldások eredendően megbízhatóak"
Focusing solely on the privacy policies and marketing of a tool or provider can blind you to its weaknesses. When you're looking for a more private solution, you should determine what the underlying problem is and find technical solutions to that problem. For example, you may want to avoid Google Drive, which gives Google access to all of your data. The underlying problem in this case is lack of E2EE, so you should make sure that the provider you switch to actually implements E2EE, or use a tool (like [Cryptomator](../encryption.md#cryptomator-cloud)) which provides E2EE on any cloud provider. Switching to a "privacy-focused" provider (that doesn't implement E2EE) doesn't solve your problem: it just shifts trust from Google to that provider.
Ha kizárólag egy eszköz vagy szolgáltató adatvédelmi szabályzatára és marketingjére koncentrálsz, az elvakíthat annak gyengeségeivel szemben. Ha privát megoldást keresel, meg kell határozni, hogy mi az az mögött megbúvó probléma, és műszaki megoldásokat kell találni erre a problémára. Érdemes például elkerülni a Google Drive-ot, amely a Google számára hozzáférést biztosít az összes adatodhoz. A probléma ebben az esetben az End-to-End titkosítás hiánya, ezért meg kell győződnöd arról, hogy a szolgáltató, amelyre váltasz, valóban megvalósítja az End-to-End titkosítást, vagy olyan eszközt használsz (mint például a [Cryptomator](../encryption.md#cryptomator-cloud)), amely bármely felhőszolgáltatónál biztosítja az End-to-End titkosítást. Azzal, hogy egy "adatvédelemre összpontosító" szolgáltatóra váltasz (amely nem alkalmaz End-to-End titkoítást), nem oldja meg a problémádat: csak a bizalmat helyezi át a Google-tól az adott szolgáltatóra.
The privacy policies and business practices of providers you choose are very important, but should be considered secondary to technical guarantees of your privacy: You shouldn't shift trust to another provider when trusting a provider isn't a requirement at all.
Az általad választott szolgáltatók adatvédelmi irányelvei és üzleti gyakorlatai nagyon fontosak, de másodlagosnak kell tekinteni az adatvédelmed technikai garanciáihoz képest: Ne helyezd át a bizalmat egy másik szolgáltatóra, ha a szolgáltatóban való bizalom egyáltalán nem is szükséges.
## "Complicated is better"
## "A bonyolult jobb"
We often see people describing privacy threat models that are overly complex. Often, these solutions include problems like many different email accounts or complicated setups with lots of moving parts and conditions. The replies are usually answers to "What is the best way to do *X*?"
Gyakran látjuk, hogy az emberek túlságosan összetett adatvédelmi védelmi modelleket írnak le. Ezek a megoldások gyakran olyan problémákat tartalmaznak, mint sok különböző email fiók vagy bonyolult felállások sok mozgó alkatrésszel és feltétellel. A válaszok általában a "Mi a legjobb módja, hogy *X*-t csinálj?" kérdésre adnak választ.
Finding the "best" solution for yourself doesn't necessarily mean you are after an infallible solution with dozens of conditions—these solutions are often difficult to work with realistically. As we discussed previously, security often comes at the cost of convenience. Below, we provide some tips:
@@ -56,6 +57,4 @@ One of the clearest threat models is one where people *know who you are* and one
Using Tor can help with this. It is also worth noting that greater anonymity is possible through asynchronous communication: Real-time communication is vulnerable to analysis of typing patterns (i.e. more than a paragraph of text, distributed on a forum, via email, etc.)
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[^1]: One notable example of this is the [2021 incident in which University of Minnesota researchers introduced three vulnerabilities into the Linux kernel development project](https://cse.umn.edu/cs/linux-incident).

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---
title: "Gyakori veszélyek"
icon: 'material/eye-outline'
description: Your threat model is personal to you, but these are some of the things many visitors to this site care about.
---
Broadly speaking, we categorize our recommendations into the [threats](threat-modeling.md) or goals that apply to most people. ==You may be concerned with none, one, a few, or all of these possibilities==, and the tools and services you use depend on what your goals are. You may have specific threats outside of these categories as well, which is perfectly fine! The important part is developing an understanding of the benefits and shortcomings of the tools you choose to use, because virtually none of them will protect you from every threat.
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You must always consider the risks of trying to bypass censorship, the potential consequences, and how sophisticated your adversary may be. You should be cautious with your software selection, and have a backup plan in case you are caught.
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[^1]: Wikipedia: [*Mass Surveillance*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance) and [*Surveillance*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance).
[^2]: United States Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board: [*Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215*](https://documents.pclob.gov/prod/Documents/OversightReport/ec542143-1079-424a-84b3-acc354698560/215-Report_on_the_Telephone_Records_Program.pdf)
[^3]: Wikipedia: [*Surveillance capitalism*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism)

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---
title: Email Security
icon: material/email
description: Email is inherently insecure in many ways, and these are some of the reasons it isn't our top choice for secure communications.
---
Email is an insecure form of communication by default. You can improve your email security with tools such as OpenPGP, which add End-to-End Encryption to your messages, but OpenPGP still has a number of drawbacks compared to encryption in other messaging applications, and some email data can never be encrypted inherently due to how email is designed.
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### Why Can't Metadata be E2EE?
Email metadata is crucial to the most basic functionality of email (where it came from, and where it has to go). E2EE was not built into the email protocols originally, instead requiring add-on software like OpenPGP. Because OpenPGP messages still have to work with traditional email providers, it cannot encrypt email metadata, only the message body itself. That means that even when using OpenPGP, outside observers can see lots of information about your messages, such as who you're emailing, the subject lines, when you're emailing, etc.
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---
title: "Multi-Factor Authentication - Többlépcsős Hitelesítés"
icon: 'material/two-factor-authentication'
description: MFA is a critical security mechanism for securing your online accounts, but some methods are stronger than others.
---
**Multi-Factor Authentication** (**MFA**) is a security mechanism that requires additional steps beyond entering your username (or email) and password. The most common method is time limited codes you might receive from SMS or an app.
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### KeePass (and KeePassXC)
KeePass and KeePassXC databases can be secured using Challenge-Response or HOTP as a second-factor authentication. Yubico has provided a document for KeePass [Using Your YubiKey with KeePass](https://support.yubico.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013779759-Using-Your-YubiKey-with-KeePass) and there is also one on the [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org/docs/#faq-yubikey-2fa) website.
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---
title: "Introduction to Passwords"
icon: 'material/form-textbox-password'
description: These are some tips and tricks on how to create the strongest passwords and keep your accounts secure.
---
Passwords are an essential part of our everyday digital lives. We use them to protect our accounts, our devices and our secrets. Despite often being the only thing between us and an adversary who's after our private information, not a lot of thought is put into them, which often leads to people using passwords that can be easily guessed or brute-forced.
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### Backups
You should store an [encrypted](../encryption.md) backup of your passwords on multiple storage devices or a cloud storage provider. This can help you access your passwords if something happens to your primary device or the service you are using.
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---
title: "Threat Modeling"
icon: 'material/target-account'
description: Balancing security, privacy, and usability is one of the first and most difficult tasks you'll face on your privacy journey.
---
Balancing security, privacy, and usability is one of the first and most difficult tasks you'll face on your privacy journey. Everything is a trade-off: The more secure something is, the more restricting or inconvenient it generally is, etc. Often, people find that the problem with the tools they see recommended is that they're just too hard to start using!
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## Sources
- [EFF Surveillance Self Defense: Your Security Plan](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/your-security-plan)
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---
title: VPN Overview
icon: material/vpn
description: Virtual Private Networks shift risk away from your ISP to a third-party you trust. You should keep these things in mind.
---
Virtual Private Networks are a way of extending the end of your network to exit somewhere else in the world. An ISP can see the flow of internet traffic entering and exiting your network termination device (i.e. modem).
Encryption protocols such as HTTPS are commonly used on the internet, so they may not be able to see exactly what you're posting or reading but they can get an idea of the [domains you request](../advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns).
Encryption protocols such as HTTPS are commonly used on the internet, so they may not be able to see exactly what you're posting or reading, but they can get an idea of the [domains you request](../advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns).
A VPN can help as it can shift trust to a server somewhere else in the world. As a result, the ISP then only sees that you are connected to a VPN and nothing about the activity that you're passing into it.
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- [Free VPN App Investigation](https://www.top10vpn.com/free-vpn-app-investigation/)
- [Hidden VPN owners unveiled: 101 VPN products run by just 23 companies](https://vpnpro.com/blog/hidden-vpn-owners-unveiled-97-vpns-23-companies/)
- [This Chinese company is secretly behind 24 popular apps seeking dangerous permissions](https://vpnpro.com/blog/chinese-company-secretly-behind-popular-apps-seeking-dangerous-permissions/)
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