-
-{ align=right }
-
-**Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
-
-[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-
-Downloads
-
-- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
-- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
-- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
-- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-
-
-
-
-
-
{ align=right }
-**CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular office tools. All content on this web service is end-to-end encrypted and can be shared with other users easily. [:material-star-box: Read our latest CryptPad review.](https://www.privacyguides.org/articles/2025/02/07/cryptpad-review)
+**CryptPad** is a private-by-design alternative to popular, full-fledged office suites. All content on this web service is E2EE and can be shared with other users easily.
+
+[:material-star-box: Read our latest CryptPad review.](https://www.privacyguides.org/articles/2025/02/07/cryptpad-review)
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptpad.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/GcNjAWmK6YDB3EO2IipRZ0fUe89j43Ryqeb4fjkjehE){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+[:octicons-server-16:](https://cryptpad.org/instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances" }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.fr){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
-### Criteria
+## Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
-#### Minimum Requirements
-
-In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could reasonably act as a replacement to Google Drive.
+### Minimum Requirements
- Must be open source.
- Must make files accessible via WebDAV unless it is impossible due to E2EE.
@@ -80,7 +44,7 @@ In general, we define collaboration platforms as full-fledged suites which could
- Must support real-time document collaboration.
- Must support exporting documents to standard document formats (e.g. ODF).
-#### Best-Case
+### Best-Case
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
diff --git a/docs/file-sharing.md b/docs/file-sharing.md
index 4ff921aa..28873234 100644
--- a/docs/file-sharing.md
+++ b/docs/file-sharing.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
---
-title: "File Sharing and Sync"
+title: File Sharing and Sync
icon: material/share-variant
description: Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your friends and family, or anonymously online.
cover: file-sharing.webp
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ If you already use [Proton Drive](cloud.md#proton-drive)[^1] or have a [Bitwarde
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://send.vis.ee){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-server-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send-instances){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send#readme){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send#readme){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/timvisee){ .card-link title=Contribute }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/timvisee){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ ffsend upload --host https://send.vis.ee/ FILE
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://onionshare.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://lldan5gahapx5k7iafb3s4ikijc4ni7gx5iywdflkba5y2ezyg6sjgyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.onionshare.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.onionshare.org){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/onionshare/onionshare){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
@@ -73,60 +73,8 @@ OnionShare provides the option to connect via [Tor bridges](https://docs.onionsh
- Must be open-source software.
- Must either have clients for Linux, macOS, and Windows; or have a web interface.
-## FreedomBox
-
-
-
-{ align=right }
-
-**FreedomBox** is an operating system designed to be run on a [single-board computer (SBC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-board_computer). The purpose is to make it easy to set up server applications that you might want to self-host.
-
-[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://freedombox.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox/Manual){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-[:octicons-code-16:](https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-[:octicons-heart-16:](https://freedomboxfoundation.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-
-
-
-
## File Sync
-### Nextcloud (Client-Server)
-
-
-
-{ align=right }
-
-**Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
-
-[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
-
-
-Downloads
-
-- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
-- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
-- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
-- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Danger
-
-We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality.
-
-
diff --git a/docs/meta/admonitions.md b/docs/meta/admonitions.md
index e53b5505..0f9ae478 100644
--- a/docs/meta/admonitions.md
+++ b/docs/meta/admonitions.md
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ This format is used to generate recommendation cards. Notably it is missing the
``` markdown title="Recommendation Card"
-{ align=right }
+{ align=right }
**PhotoPrism** is a self-hostable platform for managing photos. It supports album syncing and sharing as well as a variety of other [features](https://photoprism.app/features). It does not include end-to-end encryption, so it's best hosted on a server that you trust and is under your control.
@@ -173,13 +173,6 @@ This format is used to generate recommendation cards. Notably it is missing the
[:octicons-info-16:](https://photoprism.app/kb){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/photoprism){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-Downloads
-
-- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/photoprism)
-
-
-
```
@@ -187,7 +180,7 @@ This format is used to generate recommendation cards. Notably it is missing the
-{ align=right }
+{ align=right }
**PhotoPrism** is a self-hostable platform for managing photos. It supports album syncing and sharing as well as a variety of other [features](https://photoprism.app/features). It does not include end-to-end encryption, so it's best hosted on a server that you trust and is under your control.
@@ -196,13 +189,6 @@ This format is used to generate recommendation cards. Notably it is missing the
[:octicons-info-16:](https://photoprism.app/kb){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/photoprism){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-Downloads
-
-- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/photoprism)
-
-
-
-
-{ align=right }
-
-**PhotoPrism** is a self-hostable platform for managing photos. It supports album syncing and sharing as well as a variety of other [features](https://photoprism.app/features). It does not include E2EE, so it's best hosted on a server that you trust and is under your control.
-
-[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://photoprism.app){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
-[:octicons-eye-16:](https://photoprism.app/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
-[:octicons-info-16:](https://photoprism.app/kb){ .card-link title=Documentation}
-[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/photoprism){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
-
-
-Downloads
-
-- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/photoprism)
-
-
-
-
-
## Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
diff --git a/docs/self-hosting/file-management.md b/docs/self-hosting/file-management.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2026689d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/self-hosting/file-management.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+title: File Management
+meta_title: "Self-Hosting File Management Tools - Privacy Guides"
+icon: material/file-multiple-outline
+description: For our more technical readers, self-hosting file management tools can provide additional privacy assurances by having maximum control over your data.
+cover: cloud.webp
+---
+Protects against the following threat(s):
+
+- [:material-server-network: Service Providers](../basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers){ .pg-teal }
+
+Self-hosting your own **file management** tools may be a good idea to reduce the risk of encryption flaws in a cloud provider's native clients.
+
+## Photo Management
+
+### PhotoPrism
+
+
+
+{ align=right }
+
+**PhotoPrism** is a platform for managing photos. It supports album syncing and sharing as well as a variety of other [features](https://photoprism.app/features). It does not include end-to-end encryption, so it's best hosted on a server that you trust and is under your control.
+
+[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://photoprism.app){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+[:octicons-eye-16:](https://photoprism.app/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://photoprism.app/kb){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/photoprism){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+
+
+## File Sharing and Sync
+
+### FreedomBox
+
+
+
+{ align=right }
+
+**FreedomBox** is an operating system designed to be run on a [single-board computer (SBC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-board_computer). The purpose is to make it easy to set up server applications for use cases like sharing files.
+
+[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://freedombox.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox/Manual){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](https://freedomboxfoundation.org/donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
+
+
+
+### Nextcloud
+
+
+
+{ align=right }
+
+**Nextcloud** is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
+
+[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nextcloud.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
+[:octicons-eye-16:](https://nextcloud.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
+[:octicons-info-16:](https://nextcloud.com/support){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
+[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/nextcloud){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nextcloud.com/contribute){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
+
+
+Downloads
+
+- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nextcloud.client)
+- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1125420102)
+- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/nextcloud/android/releases)
+- [:fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Danger
+
+We don't recommend using the [E2EE App](https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/end_to_end_encryption) for Nextcloud as it may lead to data loss; it is highly experimental and not production quality. For this reason, we don't recommend third-party Nextcloud providers.
+
+
+
+- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [AdGuard Home](dns-filtering.md#adguard-home)
+- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Pi-Hole](dns-filtering.md#pi-hole)
+
+
+
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](dns-filtering.md)
+
## :material-email: Email Servers
@@ -24,16 +35,17 @@ Self-hosting your own solutions requires advanced technical knowledge and a deep
[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](email-servers.md)
-## :material-dns: DNS Filtering
+## :material-file-multiple-outline: File Management
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [AdGuard Home](dns-filtering.md#adguard-home)
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Pi-Hole](dns-filtering.md#pi-hole)
+- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [PhotoPrism](file-management.md#photoprism)
+- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [FreedomBox](file-management.md#freedombox)
+- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud](file-management.md#nextcloud)
-[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](dns-filtering.md)
+[Learn more :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](file-management.md)
## :material-form-textbox-password: Password Management
@@ -131,6 +143,14 @@ Tool recommendations in other categories of the website also provide a self-host
+- { .twemoji } [**Peergos**](../cloud.md#peergos)
+
+ ---
+
+ [:octicons-home-16:](https://peergos.org){ .card-link title="Homepage" }
+ [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/peergos/peergos#usage---running-locally-to-log-in-to-another-instance){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
+ [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Peergos/Peergos){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
- { .twemoji } [**Addy.io**](../email-aliasing.md#addyio)
---
@@ -147,6 +167,14 @@ Tool recommendations in other categories of the website also provide a self-host
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/simple-login/app#prerequisites){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/simple-login){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+- { .twemoji } [**Ente Photos**](../photo-management.md#ente-photos)
+
+ ---
+
+ [:octicons-home-16:](https://ente.io){ .card-link title="Homepage" }
+ [:octicons-info-16:](https://help.ente.io/self-hosting){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
+ [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ente-io/ente){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
- { .twemoji } [**CryptPad**](../document-collaboration.md#cryptpad)
---
@@ -155,6 +183,22 @@ Tool recommendations in other categories of the website also provide a self-host
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptpad.org/en/admin_guide/index.html){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+- { .twemoji } [**Send**](../file-sharing.md#send)
+
+ ---
+
+ [:octicons-home-16:](https://send.vis.ee){ .card-link title="Homepage" }
+ [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send/blob/master/docs/deployment.md){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
+ [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/timvisee/send){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
+- { .twemoji } [**LibreTranslate**](../language-tools.md#libretranslate)
+
+ ---
+
+ [:octicons-home-16:](https://libretranslate.com){ .card-link title="Homepage" }
+ [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.libretranslate.com){ .card-link title="Admin Documentation" }
+ [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/LibreTranslate/LibreTranslate){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
+
- { .twemoji }{ .twemoji } [**Miniflux**](../news-aggregators.md#miniflux)
---
diff --git a/docs/tools.md b/docs/tools.md
index b263926b..dc516d6a 100644
--- a/docs/tools.md
+++ b/docs/tools.md
@@ -327,7 +327,6 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Ente Photos](photo-management.md#ente-photos)
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [PhotoPrism](photo-management.md#photoprism)
@@ -398,7 +397,6 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](document-collaboration.md#nextcloud)
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [CryptPad](document-collaboration.md#cryptpad)
@@ -448,8 +446,6 @@ For encrypting your OS drive, we typically recommend using the encryption tool y
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Send](file-sharing.md#send)
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [OnionShare](file-sharing.md#onionshare)
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [FreedomBox](file-sharing.md#freedombox)
-- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Nextcloud (Self-Hostable)](file-sharing.md#nextcloud-client-server)
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Syncthing](file-sharing.md#syncthing-p2p)
diff --git a/mkdocs.yml b/mkdocs.yml
index 50224a01..5dc9cfe0 100644
--- a/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/mkdocs.yml
@@ -405,8 +405,9 @@ nav:
- "tools.md"
- !ENV [NAV_SELF_HOSTING, "Self-Hosting"]:
- "self-hosting/index.md"
- - "self-hosting/email-servers.md"
- "self-hosting/dns-filtering.md"
+ - "self-hosting/email-servers.md"
+ - "self-hosting/file-management.md"
- !ENV [NAV_INTERNET_BROWSING, "Internet Browsing"]:
- "tor.md"
- "desktop-browsers.md"
diff --git a/theme/assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg b/theme/assets/img/self-hosting/freedombox.svg
similarity index 100%
rename from theme/assets/img/file-sharing-sync/freedombox.svg
rename to theme/assets/img/self-hosting/freedombox.svg
diff --git a/theme/assets/img/document-collaboration/nextcloud.svg b/theme/assets/img/self-hosting/nextcloud.svg
similarity index 100%
rename from theme/assets/img/document-collaboration/nextcloud.svg
rename to theme/assets/img/self-hosting/nextcloud.svg
diff --git a/theme/assets/img/photo-management/photoprism.svg b/theme/assets/img/self-hosting/photoprism.svg
similarity index 100%
rename from theme/assets/img/photo-management/photoprism.svg
rename to theme/assets/img/self-hosting/photoprism.svg