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	DNS: document iOS 14+ & macOS Big Sur encrypted DNS (#2099)
* dns: begin another take at Apple's native encrypted DNS * dns.html: mention mobileconfigs, versions and where to find them * dns.html: fix clumsy heading * dns: remove excess > * dns: small clarification open in Safari, others won't work * Use two spaces, slightly reword. * Use nice name Co-authored-by: Daniel Gray <dng@disroot.org>
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		 Mikaela Suomalainen
					Mikaela Suomalainen
				
			
				
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			| @@ -538,97 +538,113 @@ We also log how many times this or that tracker has been blocked. We need this i | |||||||
| </h1> | </h1> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="Unbound" |   title="Unbound" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/unbound.svg" |   image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/unbound.svg" | ||||||
| 	description='A validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver, supporting DNS-over-TLS, and has been <a href="https://ostif.org/our-audit-of-unbound-dns-by-x41-d-sec-full-results/">independently audited</a>.' |   description='A validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver, supporting DNS-over-TLS, and has been <a href="https://ostif.org/our-audit-of-unbound-dns-by-x41-d-sec-full-results/">independently audited</a>.' | ||||||
| 	website="https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/" |   website="https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-unbound/3563" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-unbound/3563" | ||||||
| 	github="https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound" |   github="https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="dnscrypt-proxy" |   title="dnscrypt-proxy" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/dnscrypt-proxy.svg" |   image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/dnscrypt-proxy.svg" | ||||||
| 	description='A DNS proxy with support for DNSCrypt, DNS-over-HTTPS, and <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">Anonymized DNSCrypt</a>, a <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS">relay-based protocol that the hides client IP address.</a>' |   description='A DNS proxy with support for DNSCrypt, DNS-over-HTTPS, and <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">Anonymized DNSCrypt</a>, a <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS">relay-based protocol that the hides client IP address.</a>' | ||||||
| 	website="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki" |   website="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-dnscrypt-proxy/1498" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-dnscrypt-proxy/1498" | ||||||
| 	github="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy" |   github="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="Stubby" |   title="Stubby" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/stubby.png" |   image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/stubby.png" | ||||||
| 	description='An application that acts as a local DNS-over-TLS stub resolver. Stubby can be used in <a href="https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Clients#DNSPrivacyClients-Unbound/Stubbycombination">combination with Unbound</a> by managing the upstream TLS connections (since Unbound cannot yet re-use TCP/TLS connections) with Unbound providing a local cache.' |   description='An application that acts as a local DNS-over-TLS stub resolver. Stubby can be used in <a href="https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Clients#DNSPrivacyClients-Unbound/Stubbycombination">combination with Unbound</a> by managing the upstream TLS connections (since Unbound cannot yet re-use TCP/TLS connections) with Unbound providing a local cache.' | ||||||
| 	website="https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Daemon+-+Stubby" |   website="https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Daemon+-+Stubby" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-stubby/3582" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-stubby/3582" | ||||||
| 	github="https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby" |   github="https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="Firefox's built-in DNS-over-HTTPS resolver" |   title="Firefox's built-in DNS-over-HTTPS resolver" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/firefox_browser.svg" |   image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/firefox_browser.svg" | ||||||
| 	description='Firefox comes with built-in DNS-over-HTTPS support for <a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2020/02/25/firefox-continues-push-to-bring-dns-over-https-by-default-for-us-users/">NextDNS and Cloudflare</a> but users can manually any other DoH resolver.' |   description='Firefox comes with built-in DNS-over-HTTPS support for <a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2020/02/25/firefox-continues-push-to-bring-dns-over-https-by-default-for-us-users/">NextDNS and Cloudflare</a> but users can manually any other DoH resolver.' | ||||||
| 	labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/firefox::text==Warning::tooltip==Cloudflare logs a limited amount of data about the DNS requests that are sent to their custom resolver for Firefox." |   labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/firefox::text==Warning::tooltip==Cloudflare logs a limited amount of data about the DNS requests that are sent to their custom resolver for Firefox." | ||||||
| 	website="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/firefox-dns-over-https" |   website="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/firefox-dns-over-https" | ||||||
| 	privacy-policy="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/DOH-resolver-policy" |   privacy-policy="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/DOH-resolver-policy" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-firefox-s-built-in-dns-over-https-resolver/3564" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-firefox-s-built-in-dns-over-https-resolver/3564" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| <h1 id="dns-android-clients" class="anchor"> | <h1 id="dns-android-clients" class="anchor"> | ||||||
| 	<a href="#dns-android-clients"> |   <a href="#dns-android-clients"> | ||||||
| 		<i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> |     <i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> | ||||||
| 	</a> Encrypted DNS Client Recommendations for Android |   </a> Encrypted DNS Client Recommendations for Android | ||||||
| </h1> | </h1> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="Android 9's built-in DNS-over-TLS resolver" |   title="Android 9's built-in DNS-over-TLS resolver" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/android.svg" |   image="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/android.svg" | ||||||
| 	description="Android 9 (Pie) comes with built-in DNS-over-TLS support without the need for a 3rd-party application." |   description="Android 9 (Pie) comes with built-in DNS-over-TLS support without the need for a 3rd-party application." | ||||||
| 	labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/docs/using#android_9_pie_or_later::text==Warning::tooltip==Android 9's DoT settings have no effect when used concurrently with VPN-based apps which override the DNS." |   labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/docs/using#android_9_pie_or_later::text==Warning::tooltip==Android 9's DoT settings have no effect when used concurrently with VPN-based apps which override the DNS." | ||||||
| 	website="https://support.google.com/android/answer/9089903#private_dns" |   website="https://support.google.com/android/answer/9089903#private_dns" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-android-9s-built-in-dns-over-tls-resolver/3562" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-android-9s-built-in-dns-over-tls-resolver/3562" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="Nebulo" |   title="Nebulo" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/nebulo.png" |   image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/nebulo.png" | ||||||
| 	description='An open-source Android client supporting DNS-over-HTTPS and DNS-over-TLS, caching DNS responses, and locally logging DNS queries.' |   description='An open-source Android client supporting DNS-over-HTTPS and DNS-over-TLS, caching DNS responses, and locally logging DNS queries.' | ||||||
| 	website="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen/-/blob/master/README.md" |   website="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen/-/blob/master/README.md" | ||||||
| 	privacy-policy="https://smokescreen.app/privacypolicy" |   privacy-policy="https://smokescreen.app/privacypolicy" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-nebulo/3565" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-nebulo/3565" | ||||||
| 	fdroid="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen#f-droid" |   fdroid="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen#f-droid" | ||||||
| 	googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.frostnerd.smokescreen" |   googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.frostnerd.smokescreen" | ||||||
| 	source="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen" |   source="https://git.frostnerd.com/PublicAndroidApps/smokescreen" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| <h1 id="dns-ios-clients" class="anchor"> | <h1 id="dns-ios-clients" class="anchor"> | ||||||
| 	<a href="#dns-ios-clients"> |   <a href="#dns-ios-clients"> | ||||||
| 		<i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> |     <i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> | ||||||
| 	</a> Encrypted DNS Client Recommendations for iOS |   </a> Encrypted DNS Client Recommendations for iOS | ||||||
| </h1> | </h1> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| {% | {% | ||||||
| 	include cardv2.html |   include cardv2.html | ||||||
| 	title="DNSCloak" |   title="DNSCloak" | ||||||
| 	image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/dnscloak.png" |   image="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/dnscloak.png" | ||||||
| 	description='An open-source iOS client supporting DNS-over-HTTPS, DNSCrypt, and <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki">dnscrypt-proxy</a> options such as caching DNS responses, locally logging DNS queries, and custom block lists. Users can <a href="https://blog.privacytools.io/adding-custom-dns-over-https-resolvers-to-dnscloak/">add custom resolvers by DNS stamp</a>.' |   description='An open-source iOS client supporting DNS-over-HTTPS, DNSCrypt, and <a href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki">dnscrypt-proxy</a> options such as caching DNS responses, locally logging DNS queries, and custom block lists. Users can <a href="https://blog.privacytools.io/adding-custom-dns-over-https-resolvers-to-dnscloak/">add custom resolvers by DNS stamp</a>.' | ||||||
| 	website="https://github.com/s-s/dnscloak/blob/master/README.md" |   website="https://github.com/s-s/dnscloak/blob/master/README.md" | ||||||
| 	privacy-policy="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1050No_pU74CAWUS5-BwQWyO2x_aiMzWc/view" |   privacy-policy="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1050No_pU74CAWUS5-BwQWyO2x_aiMzWc/view" | ||||||
| 	forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-dnscloak/3566" |   forum="https://forum.privacytools.io/t/discussion-dnscloak/3566" | ||||||
| 	ios="https://apps.apple.com/app/id1452162351" |   ios="https://apps.apple.com/app/id1452162351" | ||||||
| 	github="https://github.com/s-s/dnscloak" |   github="https://github.com/s-s/dnscloak" | ||||||
| %} | %} | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
|  | <h2 id="appledns" class="anchor"> | ||||||
|  |   <a href="#appledns"> | ||||||
|  |     <i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> | ||||||
|  |   </a>Apple's native support | ||||||
|  | </h2> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
|  | <p> | ||||||
|  |   In iOS, iPadOS, tvOS 14 and macOS 11, DoT and DoH were introduced. DoT and DoH are supported natively by installation of profiles (through mobileconfig files opened in <em>Safari</em>). | ||||||
|  |   After installation, the encrypted DNS server can be selected in <em>Settings → General → VPN and Network → DNS</em>. | ||||||
|  | </p> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
|  | <ul> | ||||||
|  |   <li><strong>Signed profiles</strong> are offered by <a href="https://adguard.com/en/blog/encrypted-dns-ios-14.html">AdGuard</a> and <a href="https://apple.nextdns.io/">NextDNS</a>.</li> | ||||||
|  |   <li>User contributed <strong>unsigned profiles</strong> for several DNS providers are hosted by <a href="https://encrypted-dns.party/">encrypted-dns.party</a>.</li> | ||||||
|  | </ul> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| <h2 id="dns-definitions" class="anchor"> | <h2 id="dns-definitions" class="anchor"> | ||||||
| 	<a href="#dns-definitions"> |   <a href="#dns-definitions"> | ||||||
| 		<i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> |     <i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i> | ||||||
| 	</a> Definitions |   </a> Definitions | ||||||
| </h2> | </h2> | ||||||
|  |  | ||||||
| <h4>DNS-over-TLS (DoT)</h4> | <h4>DNS-over-TLS (DoT)</h4> | ||||||
|   | |||||||
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