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New Crowdin Translations (#2110)
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title: VPN Overview
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title: VPN 簡介
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icon: material/vpn
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description: Virtual Private Networks shift risk away from your ISP to a third-party you trust. You should keep these things in mind.
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description: 虛擬私用網路將風險從您的ISP 轉移到您信任的第三方。 你應該記住這些事情。
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---
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Virtual Private Networks are a way of extending the end of your network to exit somewhere else in the world. An ISP can see the flow of internet traffic entering and exiting your network termination device (i.e. modem).
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虛擬專用網路是將您的網路末端延伸到世界其它地方的一種方式。 ISP 可以看到網路終端設備（例如數據機）的網際網路進出流量。
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Encryption protocols such as HTTPS are commonly used on the internet, so they may not be able to see exactly what you're posting or reading, but they can get an idea of the [domains you request](../advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns).
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HTTPS 等加密協議通常應用在網際網路，因此雖無法確切地知道您發布或閱讀的內容，但還是可以了解您所請求訪問的 [網域名](../advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns)。
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A VPN can help as it can shift trust to a server somewhere else in the world. As a result, the ISP then only sees that you are connected to a VPN and nothing about the activity that you're passing into it.
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VPN 可以提供幫助，將信任轉移到世界其他地方的伺服器。 因此， ISP只會看到您已連接到VPN ，而不會看到您正在傳遞的活動。
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## Should I use a VPN?
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## 我應該使用 VPN 嗎？
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**Yes**, unless you are already using Tor. A VPN does two things: shifting the risks from your Internet Service Provider to itself and hiding your IP from a third-party service.
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**是**，除非你已經在使用Tor。 VPN可以做兩件事：將風險從網際網路服務提供商轉移到 VPN，並將向第三方服務隱藏您的 IP 地址。
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VPNs cannot encrypt data outside of the connection between your device and the VPN server. VPN providers can see and modify your traffic the same way your ISP could. And there is no way to verify a VPN provider's "no logging" policies in any way.
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VPN 無法加密裝置與 VPN 伺服器之間連線以外的資料。 VPN 提供商可以像 ISP 一樣查看和修改您的流量。 而且沒有方式可以驗證 VPN 提供商的“無記錄”政策是否貫徹。
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However, they do hide your actual IP from a third-party service, provided that there are no IP leaks. They help you blend in with others and mitigate IP based tracking.
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VPN 確實可向第三方服務隱藏您的實際 IP ，但前提是IP 沒被洩漏。 它們有助您混在他人之中，以減輕基於 IP 的追蹤。
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## When shouldn't I use a VPN?
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## 什麼時候不該使用 VPN ？
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Using a VPN in cases where you're using your [known identity](common-threats.md#common-misconceptions) is unlikely be useful.
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在 [身份已可辨識](common-threats.md#common-misconceptions) 的情況下，VPN 就沒效用了。
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Doing so may trigger spam and fraud detection systems, such as if you were to log into your bank's website.
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這樣做可能會觸發垃圾郵件和欺詐偵測系統，例如您正試圖登入銀行網站。
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## What about encryption?
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## 那加密呢？
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Encryption offered by VPN providers are between your devices and their servers. It guarantees that this specific link is secure. This is a step up from using unencrypted proxies where an adversary on the network can intercept the communications between your devices and said proxies and modify them. However, encryption between your apps or browsers with the service providers are not handled by this encryption.
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VPN供應商提供的加密僅發生在您的裝置與伺服器之間。 它保證此特定連結是安全的。 這比用未加密代理的更進一步，因為對手可以攔截您的設備和前述未加密代理之間的通訊並加以修改。 然而軟體或瀏覽器與服務供應商之間的加密並不是依此加密處理。
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In order to keep what you actually do on the websites you visit private and secure, you must use HTTPS. This will keep your passwords, session tokens, and queries safe from the VPN provider. Consider enabling "HTTPS everywhere" in your browser to mitigate downgrade attacks like [SSL Strip](https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-dc-09/Marlinspike/BlackHat-DC-09-Marlinspike-Defeating-SSL.pdf).
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為了保持所瀏覽網站活動的私密和安全，您必須使用 HTTPS。 這將確保您的密碼、會話令牌和查詢對VPN提供商是安全的。 請考慮在瀏覽器中啟用「HTTPS everywhere」，以減輕 [SSL Strip](https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-dc-09/Marlinspike/BlackHat-DC-09-Marlinspike-Defeating-SSL.pdf)等攻擊。
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## Should I use encrypted DNS with a VPN?
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## 我應該將加密 DNS 與 VPN 一起使用嗎？
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Unless your VPN provider hosts the encrypted DNS servers, **no**. Using DOH/DOT (or any other form of encrypted DNS) with third-party servers will simply add more entities to trust and does **absolutely nothing** to improve your privacy/security. Your VPN provider can still see which websites you visit based on the IP addresses and other methods. Instead of just trusting your VPN provider, you are now trusting both the VPN provider and the DNS provider.
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除非您的 VPN 服務商自行託管加密的 DNS 伺服器， **不要**. 使用 DOH/DOT (或其它任何 DNS 加密) 與第三方伺服器只有需信任更多實體，在安全隱私則**一點幫助也沒有** 。 您的 VPN 提供商仍可以根據 IP 地址和其他方法查看您訪問的網站。 您現在除了信任 VPN 供應商外，還得同時信任 VPN 供應商和DNS 供應商。
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A common reason to recommend encrypted DNS is that it helps against DNS spoofing. However, your browser should already be checking for [TLS certificates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#Digital_certificates) with **HTTPS** and warn you about it. If you are not using **HTTPS**, then an adversary can still just modify anything other than your DNS queries and the end result will be little different.
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推薦加密 DNS 的常見理由是有助於防止 DNS 欺騙。 您的瀏覽器應該已經檢查了 [TLS 憑證](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#Digital_certificates) 和 **HTTPS** ，並警告您。 如果沒用 **HTTPS**，則對手可以修改您的 DNS 查詢之外的任何東西，最終結果將沒太大差異。
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Needless to say, **you shouldn't use encrypted DNS with Tor**. This would direct all of your DNS requests through a single circuit and would allow the encrypted DNS provider to deanonymize you.
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**您不應把加密 DNS 與Tor**一起使用。 這將把您所有 DNS 請求引至某單一迴路，這會讓加密 DNS 提供商可對您消除匿名性。
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## Should I use Tor *and* a VPN?
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## 我應該*同時* 使用 Tor 與 VPN 嗎？
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By using a VPN with Tor, you're creating essentially a permanent entry node, often with a money trail attached. This provides zero additional benefits to you, while increasing the attack surface of your connection dramatically. If you wish to hide your Tor usage from your ISP or your government, Tor has a built-in solution for that: Tor bridges. [Read more about Tor bridges and why using a VPN is not necessary](../advanced/tor-overview.md).
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撔 Tor 與 VPN 一起使用 ，您基本上創建了一個永久的入口節點，這類節點通常帶有與金錢相關追蹤痕跡。 這樣根本沒增加額外好處，反而明顯地擴大了連接時的攻擊面。 如果您希望向 ISP 或政府隱藏您的Tor 使用， Tor 內建一個解決方案：Tor 橋接。 [閱讀更多關於Tor橋接以及為什麼沒必要使用 VPN](../advanced/tor-overview.md)。
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## What if I need anonymity?
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## 如果我需要匿名怎麼辦？
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VPNs cannot provide anonymity. Your VPN provider will still see your real IP address, and often has a money trail that can be linked directly back to you. You cannot rely on "no logging" policies to protect your data. Use [Tor](https://www.torproject.org/) instead.
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VPN無法提供匿名性。 您的VPN提供商可知道您真實 IP 地址，並且通常有一個可以直接與您連結的金錢線索。 您不能依靠 VPN「無記錄」政策來保護您的資料。 請用 [Tor](https://www.torproject.org/) 代替。
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## What about VPN providers that provide Tor nodes?
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## 提供Tor 節點的 VPN 提供商好不好呢？
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Do not use that feature. The point of using Tor is that you do not trust your VPN provider. Currently Tor only supports the [TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) protocol. [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol) (used in [WebRTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC) for voice and video sharing, the new [HTTP3/QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) protocol, etc), [ICMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol) and other packets will be dropped. To compensate for this, VPN providers typically will route all non-TCP packets through their VPN server (your first hop). This is the case with [ProtonVPN](https://protonvpn.com/support/tor-vpn/). Additionally, when using this Tor over VPN setup, you do not have control over other important Tor features such as [Isolated Destination Address](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Stream_Isolation) (using a different Tor circuit for every domain you visit).
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不要使用此功能。 使用 Tor 的重點是不信任您的 VPN 提供商。 目前 Tor 只支援 [TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) 通訊協議。 [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol) （在 [WebRTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebRTC) 中用於語音和影片分享，新的 [HTTP3/QUIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) 協議等） ， [ICMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol) 和其他封包將被丟棄。 為了彌補這一點， VPN 提供商通常會引導全部的non-TCP 封包通過他們的 VPN 伺服器（您的第一個跳）。 [ProtonVPN ](https://protonvpn.com/support/tor-vpn/)的情況就是如此。 此外，使用此 Tor over VPN 設定時，您無法控制 Tor 其他重要的功能，例如 [隔離目標位址](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Stream_Isolation) （為您訪問不同網域使用不同的Tor 迴路）。
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The feature should be viewed as a convenient way to access the Tor Network, not to stay anonymous. For proper anonymity, use the Tor Browser, TorSocks, or a Tor gateway.
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該功能應被視為方便訪問 Tor 網絡的方式，而不是為了保持匿名。 為保持適當的匿名性，請使用 Tor 瀏覽器、TorSocks 或 Tor 閘道。
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## When are VPNs useful?
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## VPN 何時有用？
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A VPN may still be useful to you in a variety of scenarios, such as:
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VPN在各種情況下仍可能對您有用，例如：
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1. Hiding your traffic from **only** your Internet Service Provider.
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1. Hiding your downloads (such as torrents) from your ISP and anti-piracy organizations.
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1. Hiding your IP from third-party websites and services, preventing IP based tracking.
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1. **僅需**對網路連線服務商隱藏您的流量 。
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1. 對 ISP 和反盜版組織隱藏您的下載（如 torrents）。
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1. 從第三方網站和服務中隱藏您的IP ，防止基於IP的追蹤。
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For situations like these, or if you have another compelling reason, the VPN providers we listed above are who we think are the most trustworthy. However, using a VPN provider still means you're *trusting* the provider. In pretty much any other scenario you should be using a secure**-by-design** tool such as Tor.
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類似這些情況或者如果您有其他令人信服的理由，可考慮使用我們所列出認為最值得信賴的 VPN 提供商。 使用 VPN 意謂著您 *方便* 這些服務供應者。 任何情況下，最好使用以安全為**設計理念** 的工具，例如 Tor。
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## Sources and Further Reading
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## 資料來源和進一步閱讀
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1. [VPN - a Very Precarious Narrative](https://schub.io/blog/2019/04/08/very-precarious-narrative.html) by Dennis Schubert
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1. [Tor Network Overview](../advanced/tor-overview.md)
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1. [IVPN Privacy Guides](https://www.ivpn.net/privacy-guides)
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1. ["Do I need a VPN?"](https://www.doineedavpn.com), a tool developed by IVPN to challenge aggressive VPN marketing by helping individuals decide if a VPN is right for them.
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1. [Tor Network概述](../advanced/tor-overview.md)
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1. [IVPN隱私指南](https://www.ivpn.net/privacy-guides)
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1. [「我需要 VPN 嗎？」"Do I need a VPN?" ](https://www.doineedavpn.com)，
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IVPN 開發的工具，幫助個人決定 VPN 是否適合他們，以因應各式 VPN 營銷。</li> </ol>
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## Related VPN Information
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## VPN 相關資訊
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- [The Trouble with VPN and Privacy Review Sites](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2019/11/20/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-review-sites/)
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- [Free VPN App Investigation](https://www.top10vpn.com/free-vpn-app-investigation/)
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- [Hidden VPN owners unveiled: 101 VPN products run by just 23 companies](https://vpnpro.com/blog/hidden-vpn-owners-unveiled-97-vpns-23-companies/)
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- [This Chinese company is secretly behind 24 popular apps seeking dangerous permissions](https://vpnpro.com/blog/chinese-company-secretly-behind-popular-apps-seeking-dangerous-permissions/)
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- [VPN 問題和隱私評論網站](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2019/11/20/the-trouble-with-vpn-and-privacy-review-sites/)
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- [免費 VPN 應用程式調查](https://www.top10vpn.com/free-vpn-app-investigation/)
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- [揭露隱身的 VPN 擁有者：由 23 家公司運營101款 VPN 產品](https://vpnpro.com/blog/hidden-vpn-owners-unveiled-97-vpns-23-companies/)
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- [這家中國公司祕密支持24個尋求危險權限的流行應用程序](https://vpnpro.com/blog/chinese-company-secretly-behind-popular-apps-seeking-dangerous-permissions/)
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