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i18n/ru/404.md
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@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ meta:
# 404 - Страница Не Найдена
We couldn't find the page you were looking for! Maybe you were looking for one of these?
Мы не смогли найти страницу, которую вы искали! Может быть, вы искали что-то из этого?
- [Introduction to Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md)
- [Recommended DNS Providers](dns.md)
- [Best Desktop Web Browsers](desktop-browsers.md)
- [Best VPN Providers](vpn.md)
- [Privacy Guides Forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
- [Our Blog](https://blog.privacyguides.org)
- [Форум Privacy Guides](https://discuss.privacyguides.net)
- [Наш блог](https://blog.privacyguides.org)

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@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
---
template: schema.html
title: "About Privacy Guides"
description: Privacy Guides is a socially motivated website that provides information for protecting your data security and privacy.
schema:
"@context": https://schema.org
"@type": Organization
"@id": https://www.privacyguides.org/
name: Privacy Guides
url: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/about/
logo: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png
sameAs:
- https://twitter.com/privacy_guides
- https://github.com/privacyguides
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
- https://opencollective.com/privacyguides
- https://www.youtube.com/@privacyguides
- https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
---
![Privacy Guides logo](../assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png){ align=right }
**Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides [information](/kb) for protecting your data security and privacy. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors. Our website is free of advertisements and not affiliated with any listed providers.
**Privacy Guides** is a socially motivated website that provides [information](/kb) for protecting your data security and privacy. Our mission is to inform the public about the value of digital privacy, and global government initiatives which aim to monitor your online activity. We are a non-profit collective operated entirely by volunteer [team members](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/g/team) and contributors. Our website is free of advertisements and not affiliated with any of the listed providers.
[:octicons-home-16:](https://www.privacyguides.org/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](donate.md){ .card-link title=Contribute }
The purpose of Privacy Guides is to educate our community on the importance of privacy online and government programs internationally that are designed to monitor all of your online activities.
> To find [privacy-focused alternative] apps, check out sites like Good Reports and **Privacy Guides**, which list privacy-focused apps in a variety of categories, notably including email providers (usually on paid plans) that aren’t run by the big tech companies.
— [New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/online-security-social-media-privacy/)
@@ -22,7 +33,7 @@ The purpose of Privacy Guides is to educate our community on the importance of p
— [Tweakers.net](https://tweakers.net/reviews/10568/op-zoek-naar-privacyvriendelijke-tools-niek-de-wilde-van-privacy-guides.html) [Translated from Dutch]
Also featured on: [Ars Technica](https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/02/is-firefox-ok/), [Wirecutter](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-windows-pc/) [[2](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-your-mac/)], and [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022/).
Also featured on: [Ars Technica](https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/02/is-firefox-ok/), [Wirecutter](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-windows-pc/) [[2](https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/practical-guide-to-securing-your-mac/)], [NPO Radio 1](https://www.nporadio1.nl/nieuws/binnenland/8eaff3a2-8b29-4f63-9b74-36d2b28b1fe1/ooit-online-eens-wat-doms-geplaatst-ga-jezelf-eens-googlen-en-kijk-dan-wat-je-tegenkomt), and [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/firefox-mozilla-2022/).
## History
@@ -82,7 +93,9 @@ Our team members review all changes made to the website and handle administrativ
## Site License
*The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE):*
!!! danger ""
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
:fontawesome-brands-creative-commons: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-by: :fontawesome-brands-creative-commons-nd: Unless otherwise noted, the original content on this website is made available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). This means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially; as long as you give appropriate credit to `Privacy Guides (www.privacyguides.org)` and provide a link to the license. Однако вы **не можете** использовать бренд PrivacyGuides в своем проекте без нашего специального разрешения. If you remix, transform, or build upon the content of this website, you may not distribute the modified material.

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@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
---
title: "Примечания и отказ от ответственности"
hide:
- toc
title: "Notices and Disclaimers"
---
## Отказ от ответственности
@@ -14,21 +12,26 @@ PrivacyGuides - это проект с открытым исходным код
Кроме того, PrivacyGuides не гарантирует, что данный веб-сайт будет постоянно доступен или доступен вообще.
## Лицензии
## Licensing Overview
Если не указано иное, все содержимое этого сайта находится в свободном доступе на условиях лицензии [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE).
!!! danger ""
The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the [license](/license).
Unless otherwise noted, all **content** on this website is made available under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/LICENSE). The underlying **source code** used to generate this website and display that content is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/tree/main/LICENSE-CODE).
Это не относится к коду сторонних разработчиков, встроенному в данный репозиторий, или к коду, в котором так или иначе указана другая лицензия. Ниже приведены яркие примеры, но этот список не является исчерпывающим:
* [MathJax](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/javascripts/mathjax.js) распространяется под лицензией [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/javascripts/LICENSE.mathjax.txt).
Часть этого описания была взята из [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) на GitHub. Этот ресурс и сама веб-страница выпущены под [CC-BY-4.0](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/LICENSE).
* [MathJax](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/theme/assets/javascripts/mathjax.js) is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org/blob/main/docs/assets/javascripts/LICENSE.mathjax.txt).
* The [Bagnard](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/bagnard) heading font is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/bagnard/LICENSE.txt).
* The [Public Sans](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/public_sans) font used for most text on the site is licensed under the terms detailed [here](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/public_sans/LICENSE.txt).
* The [DM Mono](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/tree/main/WOFF/dm_mono) font used for monospaced text on the site is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://github.com/privacyguides/brand/blob/main/WOFF/dm_mono/LICENSE.txt).
Это означает, что вы можете использовать контент из этого репозитория в личных целях на условиях, изложенных в тексте Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License. Вы можете делать это любым способом в рамках разумного, но не говорить, что Privacy Guides одобряет ваш проект или ваше использование материалов. Однако вы **не можете** использовать бренд PrivacyGuides в своем проекте без нашего специального разрешения. Торговые марки бренда PrivacyGuides включают в себя название "Privacy Guides" и логотип в виде щита.
Мы считаем, что логотипы и другие изображения в `assets`, полученные от сторонних лиц, являются либо публичным достоянием, либо находятся в **добросовестном использовании**. В двух словах, правовая доктрина [добросовестного использования](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Добросовестное_использование) разрешает использование изображений, защищенных авторским правом, для идентификации предмета в целях общественного обсуждения. Тем не менее, эти логотипы и другие изображения могут подпадать под действие законов о товарных знаках в тех или иных юрисдикциях. Перед использованием этого контента, пожалуйста, убедитесь, что он используется для идентификации юридического лица или организации, которой принадлежит товарный знак, и что у вас есть право использовать его в соответствии с законами, которые применяются в обстоятельствах вашего предполагаемого использования. *При копировании материалов с этого сайта вы несете полную ответственность за то, что не нарушаете авторские права.*
Когда вы вносите свой вклад в этот репозиторий, вы делаете это на основании вышеуказанных лицензий, и вы предоставляете Privacy Guides бессрочную, всемирную, неисключительную, передаваемую, безвозмездную, безотзывную лицензию с правом сублицензирования таких прав через несколько уровней сублицензиатов, на воспроизведение, изменение, отображение, исполнение и распространение вашего вклада как части нашего проекта.
When you contribute to our website you are doing so under the above licenses, and you are granting Privacy Guides a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license with the right to sublicense such rights through multiple tiers of sublicensees, to reproduce, modify, display, perform and distribute your contribution as part of our project.
## Допустимое использование
@@ -41,3 +44,7 @@ PrivacyGuides - это проект с открытым исходным код
* Скрейпинг
* Data mining (просев информации, добыча данных, извлечение данных)
* "Фрейминг" (IFrames)
---
*Часть этого описания была взята из [opensource.guide](https://github.com/github/opensource.guide/blob/master/notices.md) на GitHub. That resource and this page itself are released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).*

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@@ -6,11 +6,19 @@ description: Tor is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the
Tor is a free to use, decentralized network designed for using the internet with as much privacy as possible. If used properly, the network enables private and anonymous browsing and communications.
## Path Building
## Path Building to Clearnet Services
Tor works by routing your traffic through a network comprised of thousands of volunteer-run servers called nodes (or relays).
"Clearnet services" are websites which you can access with any browser, like [privacyguides.org](https://www.privacyguides.org). Tor lets you connect to these websites anonymously by routing your traffic through a network comprised of thousands of volunteer-run servers called nodes (or relays).
Every time you connect to Tor, it will choose three nodes to build a path to the internet—this path is called a "circuit." Each of these nodes has its own function:
Every time you [connect to Tor](../tor.md), it will choose three nodes to build a path to the internet—this path is called a "circuit."
<figure markdown>
![Tor path showing your device connecting to an entry node, middle node, and exit node before reaching the destination website](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.svg#only-light)
![Tor path showing your device connecting to an entry node, middle node, and exit node before reaching the destination website](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.svg#only-dark)
<figcaption>Tor circuit pathway</figcaption>
</figure>
Each of these nodes has its own function:
### The Entry Node
@@ -30,10 +38,16 @@ The exit node is the point in which your web traffic leaves the Tor network and
The exit node will be chosen at random from all available Tor nodes ran with an exit relay flag.[^2]
<figure markdown>
![Tor path](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path.svg#only-light)
![Tor path](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-dark.svg#only-dark)
<figcaption>Tor circuit pathway</figcaption>
## Path Building to Onion Services
"Onion Services" (also commonly referred to as "hidden services") are websites which can only be accessed by the Tor browser. These websites have a long randomly generated domain name ending with `.onion`.
Connecting to an Onion Service in Tor works very similarly to connecting to a clearnet service, but your traffic is routed through a total of **six** nodes before reaching the destination server. Just like before however, only three of these nodes are contributing to *your* anonymity, the other three nodes protect *the Onion Service's* anonymity, hiding the website's true IP and location in the same manner that Tor Browser is hiding yours.
<figure style="width:100%" markdown>
![Tor path showing your traffic being routed through your three Tor nodes plus three additional Tor nodes which hide the website's identity](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-hidden-service.svg#only-light)
![Tor path showing your traffic being routed through your three Tor nodes plus three additional Tor nodes which hide the website's identity](../assets/img/how-tor-works/tor-path-hidden-service-dark.svg#only-dark)
<figcaption>Tor circuit pathway with Onion Services. Nodes in the <span class="pg-blue">blue</span> fence belong to your browser, while nodes in the <span class="pg-red">red</span> fence belong to the server, so their identity is hidden from you.</figcaption>
</figure>
## Encryption

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title: "Android"
icon: 'simple/android'
description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
schema:
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
name: Private Android Operating Systems
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: Android
image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
url: https://source.android.com/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: GrapheneOS
image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
url: https://grapheneos.org/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": CreativeWork
name: Divest
image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
url: https://divestos.org/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": Product
name: Pixel
brand:
"@type": Brand
name: Google
image: /assets/img/android/google-pixel.png
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel
review:
"@type": Review
author:
"@type": Organization
name: Privacy Guides
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Shelter
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Auditor
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Secure Camera
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Secure PDF Viewer
applicationCategory: Utilities
operatingSystem: Android
---
![Android logo](assets/img/android/android.svg){ align=right }

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i18n/ru/basics/common-misconceptions.md
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title: "Common Misconceptions"
icon: 'material/robot-confused'
description: Privacy isn't a straightforward topic, and it's easy to get caught up in marketing claims and other disinformation.
schema:
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"@type": FAQPage
mainEntity:
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"@type": Question
name: Is open source software inherently secure?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
Whether the source code is available and how software is licensed does not inherently affect its security in any way. Open-source software has the potential to be more secure than proprietary software, but there is absolutely no guarantee this is the case. When you evaluate software, you should look at the reputation and security of each tool on an individual basis.
-
"@type": Question
name: Can shifting trust to another provider increase privacy?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
We talk about "shifting trust" a lot when discussing solutions like VPNs (which shift the trust you place in your ISP to the VPN provider). While this protects your browsing data from your ISP specifically, the VPN provider you choose still has access to your browsing data: Your data isn't completely secured from all parties.
-
"@type": Question
name: Are privacy-focused solutions inherently trustworthy?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
Focusing solely on the privacy policies and marketing of a tool or provider can blind you to its weaknesses. When you're looking for a more private solution, you should determine what the underlying problem is and find technical solutions to that problem. For example, you may want to avoid Google Drive, which gives Google access to all of your data. The underlying problem in this case is lack of E2EE, so you should make sure that the provider you switch to actually implements E2EE, or use a tool (like Cryptomator) which provides E2EE on any cloud provider. Switching to a "privacy-focused" provider (that doesn't implement E2EE) doesn't solve your problem: it just shifts trust from Google to that provider.
-
"@type": Question
name: How complicated should my threat model be?
acceptedAnswer:
"@type": Answer
text: |
We often see people describing privacy threat models that are overly complex. Often, these solutions include problems like many different email accounts or complicated setups with lots of moving parts and conditions. The replies are usually answers to "What is the best way to do X?"
Finding the "best" solution for yourself doesn't necessarily mean you are after an infallible solution with dozens of conditions—these solutions are often difficult to work with realistically. As we discussed previously, security often comes at the cost of convenience.
---
## "Open-source software is always secure" or "Proprietary software is more secure"

51
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@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
---
title: "Облачное хранилище"
title: "Электронная почта"
icon: material/file-cloud
description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not look at your files. These are private alternatives!
---
Многие сервисы облачного хранилища требуют от вас полного доверия, что они не будут просматривать ваши файлы. Альтернативы, перечисленные ниже, устраняют необходимость в доверии, либо предоставляя вам контроль над вашими данными, либо используя E2EE.
Многие сервисы облачного хранилища требуют от вас полного доверия, что они не будут просматривать ваши файлы. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by implementing secure E2EE.
Если эти альтернативы не соответствуют вашим потребностям, мы предлагаем вам обратить внимание на [программы для шифрования](encryption.md).
If these alternatives do not fit your needs, we suggest you look into using encryption software like [Cryptomator](encryption.md#cryptomator-cloud) with another cloud provider. Using Cryptomator in conjunction with **any** cloud provider (including these) may be a good idea to reduce the risk of encryption flaws in a provider's native clients.
??? question "Ищете Nextcloud?"
Мы по-прежнему [рекомендуем](productivity.md) Nextcloud для самостоятельного хостинга пакета управления файлами, но мы не рекомендуем использование сторонних провайдеров Nextcloud-хранилища, так как встроенное в Nextcloud E2EE не подходит для домашнего использования.
Nextcloud is [still a recommended tool](productivity.md) for self-hosting a file management suite, however we do not recommend third-party Nextcloud storage providers at the moment, because we do [not recommend](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/dont-recommend-nextcloud-e2ee/10352/29) Nextcloud's built-in E2EE functionality for home users.
## Proton Drive
!!! recommendation
![Логотип Proton Drive](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ align=right }
![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ align=right }
**Proton Drive** - это сервис хранения файлов с E2EE от популярного провайдера зашифрованной электронной почты [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/ru/mail).
**Proton Drive** is a Swiss encrypted cloud storage provider from the popular encrypted email provider [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail).
[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://proton.me/ru/drive){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/ru/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
@@ -30,6 +30,43 @@ description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.proton.android.drive)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1509667851)
The Proton Drive web application has been independently audited by Securitum in [2021](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps), full details were not made available, but Securitum's letter of attestation states:
> Auditors identified two low-severity vulnerabilities. Additionally, five general recommendations were reported. At the same time, we confirm that no important security issues were identified during the pentest.
Proton Drive's brand new mobile clients have not yet been publicly audited by a third-party.
## Tresorit
!!! recommendation
![Tresorit logo](assets/img/cloud/tresorit.svg){ align=right }
**Tresorit** is a Hungarian encrypted cloud storage provider founded in 2011. Tresorit is owned by the Swiss Post, the national postal service of Switzerland.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tresorit.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tresorit.com/legal/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.tresorit.com/hc/en-us){ .card-link title=Documentation}
??? downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tresorit.mobile)
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id722163232)
- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://tresorit.com/download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://tresorit.com/download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://tresorit.com/download)
Tresorit has received a number of independent security audits:
- [2022](https://tresorit.com/blog/tresorit-receives-iso-27001-certification/): ISO/IEC 27001:2013[^1] Compliance [Certification](https://www.certipedia.com/quality_marks/9108644476) by TÜV Rheinland InterCert Kft
- [2021](https://tresorit.com/blog/fresh-penetration-testing-confirms-tresorit-security/): Penetration Testing by Computest
- This review assessed the security of the Tresorit web client, Android app, Windows app, and associated infrastructure.
- Computest discovered two vulnerabilities which have been resolved.
- [2019](https://tresorit.com/blog/ernst-young-review-verifies-tresorits-security-architecture/): Penetration Testing by Ernst & Young.
- This review analyzed the full source code of Tresorit and validated that the implementation matches the concepts described in Tresorit's [white paper](https://prodfrontendcdn.azureedge.net/202208011608/tresorit-encryption-whitepaper.pdf).
- Ernst & Young additionally tested the web, mobile, and desktop clients: "Test results found no deviation from Tresorit’s data confidentiality claims."
They have also received the Digital Trust Label, a certification from the [Swiss Digital Initiative](https://www.swiss-digital-initiative.org/digital-trust-label/) which requires passing [35 criteria](https://digitaltrust-label.swiss/criteria/) related to security, privacy, and reliability.
## Критерии
@@ -58,3 +95,5 @@ description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not
- Эти клиенты должны интегрироваться с собственными инструментами ОС для сервисов облачных хранилищ, такими как интеграция приложения Files на iOS или функциональность DocumentsProvider на Android.
- Должны поддерживать простой обмен файлами с другими пользователями.
- Должны предлагать, по крайней мере, базовые функции предварительного просмотра и редактирования файлов в веб-интерфейсе.
[^1]: [ISO/IEC 27001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001):2013 compliance relates to the company's [information security management system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security_management) and covers the sales, development, maintenance and support of their cloud services.

69
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@@ -2,9 +2,44 @@
title: "Desktop Browsers"
icon: material/laptop
description: Firefox and Brave are our recommendations for standard/non-anonymous browsing.
schema:
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
name: Private Desktop Browser Recommendations
url: "./"
relatedLink: "../mobile-browsers/"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: Firefox
image: /assets/img/browsers/firefox.svg
url: https://firefox.com
applicationCategory: Web Browser
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
subjectOf:
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: Brave
image: /assets/img/browsers/brave.svg
url: https://brave.com
applicationCategory: Web Browser
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
subjectOf:
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
---
These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. In general, we recommend keeping your browser extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.
These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous browsing. Если вам нужна анонимность в сети, используйте [Tor](tor.md). In general, we recommend keeping your browser extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.
## Firefox
@@ -24,9 +59,9 @@ These are our currently recommended desktop web browsers and configurations for
!!! warning
Каждый установщик Firefox с веб-сайта Mozilla имеет в себе уникальный идентификатор, который используется для телеметрии. Идентификатор **не** включен в релизы браузера из [Mozilla FTP](https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/).
### Firefox
### Рекомендованные настройки
Tor Browser - это единственный способ действительно анонимно просматривать Интернет. When you use Firefox, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
Tor Browser — это единственный способ действительно анонимно пользоваться интернетом. When you use Firefox, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
Эти параметры можно найти на странице настроек *Приватность и защита* ( ≡ → Настройки → Приватность и защита).
@@ -79,21 +114,21 @@ Additionally, the Firefox Accounts service collects [some technical data](https:
The [Arkenfox project](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js) provides a set of carefully considered options for Firefox. If you [decide](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/1.1-To-Arkenfox-or-Not) to use Arkenfox, a [few options](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.2-Overrides-[Common]) are subjectively strict and/or may cause some websites to not work properly - [which you can easily change](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki/3.1-Overrides) to suit your needs. We **strongly recommend** reading through their full [wiki](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki). Arkenfox also enables [container](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers#w_for-advanced-users) support.
## Bromite
## Brave
!!! recommendation
![Логотип Safari](assets/img/browsers/safari.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип Brave](assets/img/browsers/brave.svg){ align=right }
**Safari** - это браузер по умолчанию в iOS.
**Браузер Brave** включает встроенный блокировщик контента и [инструменты приватности](https://brave.com/privacy-features/), многие из которых включены по умолчанию.
Он включает в себя [функции обеспечения конфиденциальности](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-privately-iphb01fc3c85/15.0/ios/15.0): Intelligent Tracking Protection, отчет о конфиденциальности, изолированные вкладки частного доступа, частный узел iCloud и автоматическое обновление до HTTPS.
Brave основан на Chromium, поэтому он покажется вам знакомым, а также у него не должно быть проблем с совместимостью.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://brave.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://brave.com/privacy/browser/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.brave.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-home-16: Официальный сайт](https://brave.com/ru/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion-сайт" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://brave.com/privacy/browser/){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.brave.com/){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
??? downloads annotate
@@ -104,15 +139,15 @@ The [Arkenfox project](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js) provides a set of ca
1. We advise against using the Flatpak version of Brave, as it replaces Chromium's sandbox with Flatpak's, which is less effective. Additionally, the package is not maintained by Brave Software, Inc.
### Firefox
### Рекомендованные настройки
Tor Browser - это единственный способ действительно анонимно просматривать Интернет. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
Tor Browser — это единственный способ действительно анонимно пользоваться интернетом. Если вы используете Brave, мы рекомендуем изменить следующие настройки, чтобы сохранить приватность, но все браузеры кроме [Tor](tor.md#tor-browser) могут *кем-нибудь* отслеживаться в том или ином виде.
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings**.
##### Режим «Только HTTPS»:
Brave includes some anti-fingerprinting measures in its [Shields](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360022973471-What-is-Shields-) feature. We suggest configuring these options [globally](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360023646212-How-do-I-configure-global-and-site-specific-Shields-settings-) across all pages that you visit.
Brave включает несколько инструментов защиты от отслеживания в разделе [Shields](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360022973471-What-is-Shields-). Мы рекомендуем включить эти настройки [на всех сайтах](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360023646212-How-do-I-configure-global-and-site-specific-Shields-settings-), которые вы посещаете.
Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default we recommend setting the following:
@@ -133,7 +168,7 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
##### Постоянно включенный режим инкогнито
- [x] Выбрать **Всегда использовать безопасные соединения**
- [ ] Отключите все компоненты социальных сетей
##### Предотвращение перекрестного отслеживания
@@ -183,7 +218,7 @@ Under the *System* menu
### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) позволяет синхронизировать данные браузера (историю, закладки и т. д.) между несколькими устройствами без необходимости создавать аккаунт, а также защищает их при помощи E2EE.
## Дополнительные советы

117
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@@ -4,90 +4,91 @@ icon: material/dns
description: These are some encrypted DNS providers we recommend switching to, to replace your ISP's default configuration.
---
Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [DNS blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) when you can be sure there won't be any consequences. Зашифрованный DNS не поможет вам скрыть какую-либо активность в интернете.
Зашифрованный DNS со сторонними серверами следует использовать только для обхода базовой [блокировки DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking), если вы уверены, что это не повлечет за собой никаких последствий. Зашифрованный DNS не поможет вам скрыть какую-либо активность в интернете.
[Learn more about DNS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/dns-overview.md ""){.md-button}
[Узнайте больше о DNS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/dns-overview.md ""){.md-button}
## Рекомендованные провайдеры
| DNS-провайдер | Политика конфиденциальности | Тип | Протоколы | Логирование | ECS |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [**AdGuard**](https://adguard.com/en/adguard-dns/overview.html) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html) | Коммерческий | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Частичное[^1] | Нет Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardDNS) |
| [**Cloudflare**](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/) | Коммерческий | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT | Частичное[^1] | Нет |
| [**ControlID**](https://controld.com/free-dns) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://controld.com/privacy) | Коммерческий | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT | Частичное[^1] | Нет |
| [**Mullvad**](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/) | Коммерческий | DoH <br> DoT | Частичное[^1] | Нет Filter list being used can be found here. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock) |
| [**NextDNS**](https://www.nextdns.io) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://www.nextdns.io/privacy) | Коммерческий | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Необязательное[^5] | Нет |
| [**Quad9**](https://quad9.net) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://quad9.net/privacy/policy/) | Коммерческий | Some[^6] | Необязательное[^5] | Based on server choice, Malware blocking by default. |
| DNS-провайдер | Политика конфиденциальности | Протоколы | Логирование | ECS | Фильтрация |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| [**AdGuard**](https://adguard.com/en/adguard-dns/overview.html) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html) | Без шифрования <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Частичное[^1] | Нет | Нет Используемый список фильтрации можно найти здесь. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardDNS) |
| [**Cloudflare**](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/) | Без шифрования <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT | Частичное[^2] | Нет | Нет |
| [**ControlID**](https://controld.com/free-dns) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://controld.com/privacy) | Без шифрования <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DoQ | Опциональное[^3] | Нет | Зависит от выбранного сервера. |
| [**Mullvad**](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/) | DoH <br> DoT | Нет[^4] | Нет | Нет Используемый список фильтрации можно найти здесь. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock) |
| [**NextDNS**](https://www.nextdns.io) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://www.nextdns.io/privacy) | Без шифрования <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT | Опциональное[^5] | Необязательное[^5] | Нет |
| [**Quad9**](https://quad9.net) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://quad9.net/privacy/policy/) | Без шифрования <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | Частичное[^6] | Необязательное[^5] | Зависит от выбранного сервера, по умолчанию блокирует вредоносные программы. |
## Criteria
## Критерии
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
**Обратите внимание, что у нас нет связей ни с одним проектом, которые мы рекомендуем.** В дополнение к [нашим стандартным критериям](about/criteria.md) мы разработали четкий набор требований, позволяющий давать объективные рекомендации. Мы рекомендуем ознакомиться с данным списком перед выбором и провести самостоятельное исследование, чтобы убедиться, что для вас это правильный выбор.
!!! Для уменьшения этой угрозы рассмотрите возможность самостоятельного хостинга.
!!! example "Это новый раздел"
We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. Мы учитываем и обсуждаем много факторов, перед тем как рекомендовать какой-то проект, и документирование каждого из них ещё не завершено.
Мы работаем над установлением определенных критериев для каждого раздела сайта, и они могут поменяться в будущем. Если у вас есть вопросы относительно наших критериев, [задайте вопрос на нашем форуме](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest), и не считайте, что мы что-то не учли при составлении наших рекомендаций, если это не указано здесь. Мы учитываем и обсуждаем много факторов, перед тем как рекомендовать какой-то проект, и документирование каждого из них ещё не завершено.
- Поддержка [DNSSEC](technology/dns.md#what-is-dnssec-and-when-is-it-used)
- [QNAME Minimization](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-qname-minimization).
- Allow for [ECS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-edns-client-subnet-ecs) to be disabled.
- Prefer [anycast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast#Addressing_methods) support or geo-steering support.
## Зашифрованные DNS-прокси
## Нативная поддержка в операционных системах
### Android
Последние версии iOS, iPadOS, tvOS и macOS поддерживают как DoT, так и DoH. Оба протокола поддерживаются нативно через [профили конфигурации](https://support.apple.com/ru-ru/guide/security/secf6fb9f053/web) или через [API настроек DNS](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/networkextension/dns_settings).
Android 9 и новее поддерживает DNS over TLS. Его можно включить в **Настройках** &rarr; **Сеть и интернет** &rarr; **Персональный DNS-сервер**.
### Устройства Apple
После установки профиля конфигурации или приложения, использующего API настроек DNS, можно выбрать конфигурацию DNS. Если у вас подключен VPN, будут использоваться настройки DNS, заданные вашим VPN-сервисом, а не системные настройки.
Последние версии iOS, iPadOS, tvOS и macOS поддерживают протоколы DoT и DoH. Оба протокола можно настроить при помощи [профилей конфигурации](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/configuration-profile-enforcement-secf6fb9f053/web) или [API настроек DNS](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/networkextension/dns_settings).
Apple не предоставляет нативный интерфейс для создания профилей зашифрованного DNS. [Secure DNS profile creator](https://dns.notjakob.com/tool.html) - это неофициальный инструмент для создания собственных профилей зашифрованного DNS, однако они не будут иметь подписи.
После установки профиля конфигурации или приложения, использующего API настроек DNS, можно выбрать конфигурацию DNS. Если включен VPN, будут использоваться настройки DNS вашего VPN-сервиса, а не системные настройки.
#### Подписанные профили
Apple does not provide a native interface for creating encrypted DNS profiles. [Secure DNS profile creator](https://dns.notjakob.com/tool.html) is an unofficial tool for creating your own encrypted DNS profiles, however they will not be signed. Signed profiles are preferred; signing validates a profile's origin and helps to ensure the integrity of the profiles. A green "Verified" label is given to signed configuration profiles. For more information on code signing, see [About Code Signing](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html). **Signed profiles** are offered by [AdGuard](https://adguard.com/en/blog/encrypted-dns-ios-14.html), [NextDNS](https://apple.nextdns.io), and [Quad9](https://www.quad9.net/news/blog/ios-mobile-provisioning-profiles/).
Apple не предоставляет нативного интерфейса для создания профилей зашифрованного DNS. [Secure DNS profile creator](https://dns.notjakob.com/tool.html) — это неофициальный инструмент создания собственных профилей зашифрованного DNS, однако они не будут подписаны. Предпочтительнее использовать подписанные профили, так как подпись подтверждает надёжность источника профиля и помогает обеспечить его целостность. Зеленая метка «Проверено» присваивается подписанным профилям конфигурации. Чтобы получить больше информации о подписанном коде, смотрите статью [«О подписывании кода»](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html). **Подписанные профили** предлагают [AdGuard](https://adguard.com/ru/blog/encrypted-dns-ios-14.html), [NextDNS](https://apple.nextdns.io) и [Quad9](https://www.quad9.net/news/blog/ios-mobile-provisioning-profiles/).
!!! info "Информация"
![Логотип DNSCloak](assets/img/ios/dnscloak.png){ align=right }
**DNSCloak** - это клиент для iOS с открытым исходным кодом, поддерживающий функции [DNS-over-HTTPS](technology/dns.md#dns-over-https-doh), [DNSCrypt](technology/dns.md#dnscrypt) и [dnscrypt-proxy](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki), такие как кэширование ответов DNS, локальное логирование запросов DNS и пользовательские списки блокировок. Пользователи могут [добавлять собственные сервера DNS](https://medium.com/privacyguides/adding-custom-dns-over-https-resolvers-to-dnscloak-20ff5845f4b5).
`systemd-resolved`, используемый во многих дистрибутивах Linux для DNS-запросов, всё еще [не поддерживает DoH](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/8639). Если вы хотите использовать DoH, вам следует установить [dnscrypt-proxy](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy) и [настроить его](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dnscrypt-proxy) для обработки всех DNS-запросов в системе по протоколу HTTPS.
## Encrypted DNS Proxies
## Зашифрованные DNS-прокси
Encrypted DNS proxy software provides a local proxy for the [unencrypted DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md#unencrypted-dns) resolver to forward to. Typically it is used on platforms that don't natively support [encrypted DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-encrypted-dns).
Зашифрованные DNS-прокси создают локальный прокси-сервер, на который будут перенаправляться запросы с вашего системного [незашифрованного DNS-резолвера](advanced/dns-overview.md#unencrypted-dns). Обычно они подходят для устройств, не поддерживающих [зашифрованный DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-encrypted-dns).
### RethinkDNS
!!! recommendation
![Логотип dnscrypt-proxy](assets/img/dns/dnscrypt-proxy.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип RethinkDNS](assets/img/android/rethinkdns.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Логотип RethinkDNS](assets/img/android/rethinkdns-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }
**dnscrypt-proxy** - это DNS-прокси с поддержкой [DNSCrypt](technology/dns.md#dnscrypt), [DNS-over-HTTPS](technology/dns.md#dns-over-https-doh) и [Анонимизированного DNS](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS).
**RethinkDNS** — это открытый Android-клиент, поддерживающий [DNS-over-HTTPS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-https-doh), [DNS-over-TLS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-tls-dot), [DNSCrypt](advanced/dns-overview.md#dnscrypt) и DNS-прокси, кеширование, локальное сохранение истории DNS-запросов, а также может использоваться как файрвол.
[Посетить github.com](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Политика конфиденциальности](https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/privacy/privacy-policy-en/){ .md-button }
[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://rethinkdns.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://rethinkdns.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.rethinkdns.com/){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/celzero/rethink-app){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
**Скачать**
- [:fontawesome-brands-github: Исходный код](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy) downloads
??? downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.celzero.bravedns)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/celzero/rethink-app/releases)
### Linux
### dnscrypt-proxy
!!! recommendation
![dnscrypt-proxy logo](assets/img/dns/dnscrypt-proxy.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип dnscrypt-proxy](assets/img/dns/dnscrypt-proxy.svg){ align=right }
**dnscrypt-proxy** is a DNS proxy with support for [DNSCrypt](advanced/dns-overview.md#dnscrypt), [DNS-over-HTTPS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-https-doh), and [Anonymized DNS](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS).
**dnscrypt-proxy** — это DNS-прокси с поддержкой [DNSCrypt](advanced/dns-overview.md#dnscrypt), [DNS-over-HTTPS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-https-doh) и [анонимизированного DNS](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS).
!!! warning "The anonymized DNS feature does [**not**](advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns) anonymize other network traffic."
!!! warning "Функция анонимизированного DNS [**не**](advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns) анонимизирует весь остальной трафик."
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/dnscrypt/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-repo-16: Репозиторий](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/dnscrypt/contribute){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
??? downloads
@@ -99,40 +100,40 @@ Encrypted DNS proxy software provides a local proxy for the [unencrypted DNS](ad
A self-hosted DNS solution is useful for providing filtering on controlled platforms, such as Smart TVs and other IoT devices, as no client-side software is needed.
### RethinkDNS
### AdGuard Home
!!! recommendation
![AdGuard Home logo](assets/img/dns/adguard-home.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип AdGuard Home](assets/img/dns/adguard-home.svg){ align=right }
**AdGuard Home** is an open-source [DNS-sinkhole](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole) which uses [DNS filtering](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/) to block unwanted web content, such as advertisements.
**AdGuard Home** — это открытая [DNS-воронка](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole), которая использует [фильтрацию DNS](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/), чтобы блокировать такой нежелательный контент, как реклама.
AdGuard Home features a polished web interface to view insights and manage blocked content.
AdGuard Home предлагает продуманный интерфейс для просмотра развёрнутых отчетов и управления блокировкой контента.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://adguard.com/adguard-home/overview.html){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://adguard.com/privacy/home.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-home-16: Официальный сайт](https://adguard.com/adguard-home/overview.html){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://adguard.com/privacy/home.html){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome/wiki){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
### DNSCloak
### Pi-hole
!!! recommendation
![Pi-hole logo](assets/img/dns/pi-hole.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип Pi-hole](assets/img/dns/pi-hole.svg){ align=right }
**Pi-hole** is an open-source [DNS-sinkhole](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole) which uses [DNS filtering](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/) to block unwanted web content, such as advertisements.
**Pi-hole** — это открытая [DNS-воронка](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole), которая использует [фильтрацию DNS](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/), чтобы блокировать такой нежелательный контент, как реклама.
Pi-hole is designed to be hosted on a Raspberry Pi, but it is not limited to such hardware. The software features a friendly web interface to view insights and manage blocked content.
Pi-hole создана для развертывания на Raspberry Pi, но она не требует именно такого специфичного оборудования. Решение предлагает дружелюбный веб-интерфейс для просмотра подробных отчетов и управления блокировкой контента.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://pi-hole.net/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://pi-hole.net/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.pi-hole.net/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://pi-hole.net/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://pi-hole.net/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://pi-hole.net/privacy/){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.pi-hole.net/){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://pi-hole.net/donate){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
[^1]: AdGuard хранит показатели производительности их DNS серверов, содержащие в себе количество выполненных запросов к определенному серверу, количество заблокированных запросов и скорость обработки. Они также ведут и хранят базу данных доменов, запрошенных в течение последних 24 часов. "Нам нужна эта информация, чтобы выявлять и блокировать новые трекеры и угрозы." "Также мы храним информацию о том, сколько раз тот или иной трекер был заблокирован. Нам нужна эта информация, чтобы удалять устаревшие правила из наших фильтров." [https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html)
[^2]: Cloudflare собирает и хранит только DNS-запросы, направленные на 1.1.1.1. Сервис не хранит персональные данные; большая часть неперсональных данных хранится только в течение 25 часов. [https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/)
[^3]: Control D only logs for Premium resolvers with custom DNS profiles. Free resolvers do not log data. [https://controld.com/privacy](https://controld.com/privacy)
[^4]: Mullvad's DNS service is available to both subscribers and non-subscribers of Mullvad VPN. Their privacy policy explicitly claims they do not log DNS requests in any way. [https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/)
[^5]: NextDNS can provide insights and logging features on an opt-in basis. You can choose retention times and log storage locations for any logs you choose to keep. If it's not specifically requested, no data is logged. [https://nextdns.io/privacy](https://nextdns.io/privacy)
[^6]: Quad9 collects some data for the purposes of threat monitoring and response. That data may then be remixed and shared, such as for the purpose of security research. Quad9 does not collect or record IP addresses or other data they deem personally identifiable. [https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/](https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/)
[^3]: Control D ведет логи только на Premium-серверах с пользовательскими DNS-профилями. Бесплатные сервера не ведут логов. [https://controld.com/privacy](https://controld.com/privacy)
[^4]: DNS-сервера Mullvad доступны и для пользователей Mullvad VPN, и для остальных пользователей Интернета. Их политика конфиденциальности утверждает, что они ни в каком виде не сохраняют DNS-запросы. [https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/)
[^5]: NextDNS предоставляет функции анализа и логирования по желанию. Вы можете самостоятельно выбрать время и место хранения ваши логов. Если же специально это не настраивать, никакие данные сохраняться не будут. [https://nextdns.io/privacy](https://nextdns.io/privacy)
[^6]: Quad9 собирает некоторые данные в целях обнаружения угроз и реагирования на них. Эти данные могут быть изменены и переданы, например, в целях исследования безопасности. Quad9 не собирает и не хранит IP-адреса и другую информацию, которую они считают идентифицирующей пользователя. [https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/](https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/)

2
i18n/ru/email-clients.md
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ description: These email clients are privacy-respecting and support OpenPGP emai
- [:pg-flathub: Flatpak](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.mozilla.Thunderbird)
- [:fontawesome-brands-git: Исходный код](https://hg.mozilla.org/comm-central)
#### Firefox
#### Рекомендованные настройки
We recommend changing some of these settings to make Thunderbird a little more private.

40
i18n/ru/email.md
View File

@@ -1,50 +1,50 @@
---
title: "Email Services"
title: "Электронная почта"
icon: material/email
description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails securely, and many offer interoperable OpenPGP encryption with other providers.
---
Электронная почта практически необходима для использования любого онлайн-сервиса, однако мы не рекомендуем использовать её для общения с людьми. Вместо того чтобы использовать электронную почту для связи с другими людьми, советуем использовать мессенджеры, которые поддерживают прямую секретность.
Электронная почта практически всегда необходима для использования любого онлайн-сервиса, однако мы не рекомендуем использовать её для общения с людьми. Вместо того, чтобы использовать электронную почту для связи с другими людьми, мы советуем использовать мессенджеры, которые поддерживают прямую секретность.
[Рекомендуемые мессенджеры](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
Для всего остального, мы рекомендуем различных провайдеров электронной почты, которые базируются на устойчивых бизнес-моделях и встроенных функциях безопасности и конфиденциальности.
Для всего остального мы рекомендуем различных провайдеров электронной почты, которые базируются на устойчивых бизнес-моделях и встроенных функциях безопасности и конфиденциальности.
- [OpenPGP-Compatible Email Providers :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#openpgp-compatible-services)
- [Провайдеры электронной почты, поддерживающие OpenPGP :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#openpgp-compatible-services)
- [Other Encrypted Providers :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#more-providers)
- [Email Aliasing Services :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#email-aliasing-services)
- [Self-Hosted Options :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#self-hosting-email)
## OpenPGP Compatible Services
## Сервисы, поддерживающие OpenPGP
These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the Web Key Directory (WKD) standard, allowing for provider-agnostic E2EE emails. For example, a Proton Mail user could send an E2EE message to a Mailbox.org user, or you could receive OpenPGP-encrypted notifications from internet services which support it.
Эти провайдеры поддерживают OpenPGP шифрование/дешифрование и стандарт Web Key Directory (WKD), позволяя обмениваться E2EE-сообщениями вне зависимости от провайдера. Например, пользователь Proton Mail может отправлять E2EE-зашифрованное сообщение пользователю Mailbox.org, или вы можете получить OpenPGP-зашифрованное уведомление от интернет-сервисов, поддерживающих такую функцию.
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
- ![Mailbox.org logo](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
- ![Логотип Proton Mail](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#proton-mail)
- ![Логотип Mailbox.org](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
</div>
!!! note
!!! warning
When using E2EE technology like OpenPGP, email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email. Read more about [email metadata](basics/email-security.md#email-metadata-overview).
При использовании технологии E2EE, такой как OpenPGP, сообщения все равно будут содержать некоторые незашифрованные метаданные в заголовках письма. Узнайте больше о [метаданных электронной почты](basics/email-security.md#email-metadata-overview).
OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. [How do I protect my private keys?](basics/email-security.md#how-do-i-protect-my-private-keys)
OpenPGP также не поддерживает прямую секретность: если ваш закрытый ключ или закрытый ключ получателя окажется украден, все предыдущие сообщения, зашифрованные с его помощью, будут раскрыты. [Как я могу защитить свои закрытые ключи?](basics/email-security.md#how-do-i-protect-my-private-keys)
### Proton Mail
!!! recommendation
![Proton Mail logo](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип Proton Mail](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ align=right }
**Proton Mail** is an email service with a focus on privacy, encryption, security, and ease of use. They have been in operation since **2013**. Proton AG is based in Genève, Switzerland. Accounts start with 500 MB storage with their free plan.
**Proton Mail** — это сервис электронной почты, фокусирующийся на приватности, шифровании, безопасности и простоте использования. Они работают с **2013** года. Компания Proton AG базируется в Женеве, Швейцария. Аккаунты получают от 500 МБ хранилища на бесплатном тарифе.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/mail){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion-сервис" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://proton.me/legal/privacy){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://proton.me/support/mail){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonMail){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
??? downloads
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ These providers natively support OpenPGP encryption/decryption and the Web Key D
- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://proton.me/mail/bridge#download)
- [:octicons-browser-16: Web](https://mail.proton.me)
- [:octicons-browser-16: Веб-версия](https://mail.proton.me)
Free accounts have some limitations, such as not being able to search body text and not having access to [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), which is required to use a [recommended desktop email client](email-clients.md) (e.g. Thunderbird). Paid accounts include features like Proton Mail Bridge, additional storage, and custom domain support. A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton Mail's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Proton Mail [accepts](https://proton.me/support/payment-options) cash by mail in
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Account Security
Proton Mail supports TOTP [two factor authentication](https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa) only. The use of a U2F security key is not yet supported. Proton Mail is planning to implement U2F upon completion of their [Single Sign On (SSO)](https://reddit.com/comments/cheoy6/comment/feh2lw0/) code.
Proton Mail supports TOTP [two factor authentication](https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa) and [hardware security keys](https://proton.me/support/2fa-security-key) using FIDO2 or U2F standards. The use of a hardware security key requires setting up TOTP two factor authentication first.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Data Security

64
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@@ -4,39 +4,67 @@ hide:
- navigation
- toc
- feedback
schema:
-
"@context": https://schema.org
"@type": Organization
"@id": https://www.privacyguides.org/
name: Privacy Guides
url: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/about/
logo: https://www.privacyguides.org/en/assets/brand/png/square/pg-yellow.png
sameAs:
- https://twitter.com/privacy_guides
- https://github.com/privacyguides
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
- https://opencollective.com/privacyguides
- https://www.youtube.com/@privacyguides
- https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides
-
"@context": https://schema.org
"@type": WebSite
name: Privacy Guides
url: "https://www.privacyguides.org/"
sameAs:
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111710163
potentialAction:
"@type": SearchAction
target:
"@type": EntryPoint
urlTemplate: "https://www.privacyguides.org/?q={search_term_string}"
query-input: required name=search_term_string
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line -->
## Why should I care?
## Почему это должно меня волновать?
##### “I have nothing to hide. Why should I care about my privacy?”
##### «Мне нечего скрывать. Почему я должен беспокоиться о своей приватности?»
Much like the right to interracial marriage, woman's suffrage, freedom of speech, and many others, our right to privacy hasn't always been upheld. In several dictatorships, it still isn't. Generations before ours fought for our right to privacy. ==Privacy is a human right, inherent to all of us,== that we are entitled to (without discrimination).
Подобно праву на межрасовый брак, избирательному праву для женщин, свободе слова и многим другим правам, наше право на приватность не всегда соблюдалось. В некоторых диктатурах это всё ещё представляет проблему. Предыдущие поколения боролись за наше право на приватность. ==Приватность — это естественное право каждого человека,== и мы все без исключения должны им обладать.
You shouldn't confuse privacy with secrecy. We know what happens in the bathroom, but you still close the door. That's because you want privacy, not secrecy. **Everyone** has something to protect. Privacy is something that makes us human.
Не стоит путать приватность с секретностью. Все знают, что происходит в вашей ванной, но вы всё равно закрываете дверь. Это потому, что вы хотите приватности, а не секретности. **Каждому** есть что защищать. Приватность — это то, что делает вас человеком.
[:material-target-account: Common Internet Threats](basics/common-threats.md ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
## What should I do?
## И что же мне делать?
##### First, you need to make a plan
##### Для начала, вам стоит составить план
Trying to protect all your data from everyone all the time is impractical, expensive, and exhausting. But don't worry! Security is a process, and, by thinking ahead, you can put together a plan that's right for you. Security isn't just about the tools you use or the software you download. Rather, it begins by understanding the unique threats you face, and how you can mitigate them.
Попытка защитить все свои данные ото всех и в любой ситуации — это непрактично, дорого и утомительно. Но не переживайте! Безопасность — это процесс, и, думая наперёд, вы можете составить план, который подходит именно вам. Безопасность — это не только инструменты или программное обеспечение, которыми вы пользуетесь. На самом деле безопасность начинается с понимания специфичных угроз, с которыми вы сталкиваетесь, и нахождения способов, как им противостоять.
==This process of identifying threats and defining countermeasures is called **threat modeling**==, and it forms the basis of every good security and privacy plan.
==Процесс нахождения угроз и мер противодействия им называется **моделированием угроз**==, и он составляет основу каждого хорошего плана безопасности и приватности.
[:material-book-outline: Learn More About Threat Modeling](basics/threat-modeling.md ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
[:material-book-outline: Узнайте больше о моделировании угроз](basics/threat-modeling.md ""){.md-button.md-button--primary}
---
## We need you! Here's how to get involved:
## Вы нужны нам! Вот как можно помочь нам:
[:simple-discourse:](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/){ title="Join our Forum" }
[:simple-mastodon:](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me title="Follow us on Mastodon" }
[:material-book-edit:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ title="Contribute to this website" }
[:material-translate:](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh){ title="Help translate this website" }
[:simple-matrix:](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org){ title="Chat with us on Matrix" }
[:material-information-outline:](about/index.md){ title="Learn more about us" }
[:material-hand-coin-outline:](about/donate.md){ title="Support the project" }
[:simple-discourse:](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/){ title="Посетите наш форум" }
[:simple-mastodon:](https://mastodon.neat.computer/@privacyguides){ rel=me title="Подпишитесь на нас в Mastodon" }
[:material-book-edit:](https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org){ title="Помогите с разработкой" }
[:material-translate:](https://matrix.to/#/#pg-i18n:aragon.sh){ title="Помогите перевести сайт" }
[:simple-matrix:](https://matrix.to/#/#privacyguides:matrix.org){ title="Напишите нам в Matrix" }
[:material-information-outline:](about/index.md){ title="Узнайте о нас больше" }
[:material-hand-coin-outline:](about/donate.md){ title="Помогите проекту материально" }
It's important for a website like Privacy Guides to always stay up-to-date. We need our audience to keep an eye on software updates for the applications listed on our site and follow recent news about providers that we recommend. It's hard to keep up with the fast pace of the internet, but we try our best. If you spot an error, think a provider should not be listed, notice a qualified provider is missing, believe a browser plugin is no longer the best choice, or uncover any other issue, please let us know.
Такому сайту, как Privacy Guides, важно содержать наиболее актуальную информацию. Нам нужно, чтобы читатели следили за обновлениями программного обеспечения, перечисленного на сайте, и были в курсе новостей о сервисах, которые мы рекомендуем. Сложно угнаться за быстрым темпом развития интернета, но мы стараемся изо всех сил. Если вы встретите ошибку, посчитаете сервис недостойным упоминания на нашем сайте, заметите отсутствие хорошего сервиса, найдёте лучшую альтернативу браузерному расширению или обнаружите любую другую проблему, дайте нам знать.

14
i18n/ru/kb-archive.md
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@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ icon: material/archive
description: Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog.
---
# Pages Moved to Blog
# Страницы перемещены в блог
Some pages that used to be in our knowledge base can now be found on our blog:
Некоторые страницы, которые раньше находились в базе знаний, теперь можно найти в нашем блоге:
- [GrapheneOS vs. CalyxOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/)
- [Signal Configuration Hardening](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/)
- [Linux - System Hardening](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-system-hardening/)
- [Linux - Application Sandboxing](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-application-sandboxing/)
- [Secure Data Erasure](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/)
- [Улучшение настроек Signal](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/)
- [Linux - укрепление системы](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-system-hardening/)
- [Linux - работа с песочницей](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/22/linux-application-sandboxing/)
- [Безопасное удаление данных](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure/)
- [Integrating Metadata Removal](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/09/integrating-metadata-removal/)
- [iOS Configuration Guide](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/22/ios-configuration-guide/)
- [Руководство по настройке iOS](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/10/22/ios-configuration-guide/)

98
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@@ -2,44 +2,75 @@
title: "Mobile Browsers"
icon: material/cellphone-information
description: These browsers are what we currently recommend for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing on your phone.
schema:
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
name: Private Mobile Browser Recommendations
url: "./"
relatedLink: "../desktop-browsers/"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Brave
image: /assets/img/browsers/brave.svg
url: https://brave.com
applicationCategory: Web Browser
operatingSystem:
- Android
subjectOf:
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": MobileApplication
name: Safari
image: /assets/img/browsers/safari.svg
url: https://www.apple.com/safari/
applicationCategory: Web Browser
operatingSystem:
- iOS
subjectOf:
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
---
These are our currently recommended mobile web browsers and configurations for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing. If you need to browse the internet anonymously, you should use [Tor](tor.md) instead. In general, we recommend keeping extensions to a minimum; they have privileged access within your browser, require you to trust the developer, can make you [stand out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), and [weaken](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) site isolation.
Здесь перечислены мобильные браузеры, которые мы рекомендуем, и руководства по их настройке для обычного (неанонимного) пользования интернетом. Если вам нужна анонимность в сети, используйте [Tor](tor.md). Мы рекомендуем использовать как можно меньше расширений, так как они имеют привилегированный доступ к браузеру, требуют доверия к их разработчикам, могут [идентифицировать вас](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_fingerprint#Browser_fingerprint), а также [ослабляют](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-extensions/c/0ei-UCHNm34/m/lDaXwQhzBAAJ) изоляцию между сайтами.
## Android
On Android, Firefox is still less secure than Chromium-based alternatives: Mozilla's engine, [GeckoView](https://mozilla.github.io/geckoview/), has yet to support [site isolation](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2021/05/introducing-firefox-new-site-isolation-security-architecture) or enable [isolatedProcess](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1565196).
На Android браузер Firefox менее безопасен, чем основанные на Chromium альтернативы: движок Mozilla, [GeckoView](https://mozilla.github.io/geckoview/), ещё не поддерживает [изоляцию сайтов](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2021/05/introducing-firefox-new-site-isolation-security-architecture) и не включает [isolatedProcess](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1565196).
### Bromite
### Brave
!!! recommendation
![Логотип Safari](assets/img/browsers/safari.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип Brave](assets/img/browsers/brave.svg){ align=right }
**Safari** - это браузер по умолчанию в iOS.
**Браузер Brave** включает встроенный блокировщик контента и [инструменты приватности](https://brave.com/privacy-features/), многие из которых включены по умолчанию.
Он включает в себя [функции обеспечения конфиденциальности](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/browse-the-web-privately-iphb01fc3c85/15.0/ios/15.0): Intelligent Tracking Protection, отчет о конфиденциальности, изолированные вкладки частного доступа, частный узел iCloud и автоматическое обновление до HTTPS.
Brave основан на Chromium, поэтому он покажется вам знакомым, а также у него не должно быть проблем с совместимостью.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://brave.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://brave.com/privacy/browser/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.brave.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
[:octicons-home-16: Официальный сайт](https://brave.com/ru/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](https://brave4u7jddbv7cyviptqjc7jusxh72uik7zt6adtckl5f4nwy2v72qd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion-сайт" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://brave.com/privacy/browser/){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.brave.com/){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
??? downloads annotate
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.brave.browser)
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/releases)
#### Firefox
#### Рекомендованные настройки
Tor Browser - это единственный способ действительно анонимно просматривать Интернет. When you use Brave, we recommend changing the following settings to protect your privacy from certain parties, but all browsers other than the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser) will be traceable by *somebody* in some regard or another.
Tor Browser — это единственный способ действительно анонимно пользоваться интернетом. Если вы используете Brave, мы рекомендуем изменить следующие настройки, чтобы сохранить приватность, но все браузеры кроме [Tor](tor.md#tor-browser) могут *кем-нибудь* отслеживаться в том или ином виде.
These options can be found in :material-menu: → **Settings** → **Brave Shields & privacy**
Эти настройки можно найти в :material-menu: → **Настройки** → **Brave Shields & privacy**
##### Режим «Только HTTPS»:
Brave includes some anti-fingerprinting measures in its [Shields](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360022973471-What-is-Shields-) feature. We suggest configuring these options [globally](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360023646212-How-do-I-configure-global-and-site-specific-Shields-settings-) across all pages that you visit.
Brave включает несколько инструментов защиты от отслеживания в разделе [Shields](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360022973471-What-is-Shields-). Мы рекомендуем включить эти настройки [на всех сайтах](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360023646212-How-do-I-configure-global-and-site-specific-Shields-settings-), которые вы посещаете.
##### Brave shields global defaults
@@ -64,11 +95,11 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
- [x] Select **Clear data on exit**
##### Синхронизация с iCloud
##### Блокировка отслеживания через социальные сети
- [x] Выбрать **Всегда использовать безопасные соединения**
- [ ] Отключите все компоненты социальных сетей
##### Other privacy settings
##### Другие настройки приватности
<div class="annotate" markdown>
@@ -86,23 +117,25 @@ Shields' options can be downgraded on a per-site basis as needed, but by default
#### Brave Sync
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) allows your browsing data (history, bookmarks, etc.) to be accessible on all your devices without requiring an account and protects it with E2EE.
[Brave Sync](https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059793111-Understanding-Brave-Sync) позволяет синхронизировать данные браузера (историю, закладки и т. д.) между несколькими устройствами без необходимости создавать аккаунт, а также защищает их при помощи E2EE.
## iOS
On iOS, any app that can browse the web is [restricted](https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines) to using an Apple-provided [WebKit framework](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit), so there is little reason to use a third-party web browser.
На iOS любое приложение, которое может открывать веб-страницы, [использует](https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines) только предоставляемый Apple [движок WebKit](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit), поэтому нет особых причин использовать сторонний браузер.
### uBlock Origin
### Safari
!!! recommendation
![Логотип AdGuard](assets/img/browsers/adguard.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип Safari](assets/img/browsers/safari.svg){ align=right }
**AdGuard для Safari** - это бесплатное расширение с открытым исходным кодом для Safari, которое использует собственный [API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/creating_a_content_blocker). Мы рекомендуем включить фильтры, помеченные *#recommended* в разделах "Блокировка рекламы" и "Антитрекинг" [блокировщики контента] (https://kb.adguard.com/en/safari/overview#content-blockers).
**Safari** — браузер по умолчанию на iOS. Мы рекомендуем включить фильтры, помеченные *#recommended* в разделах "Блокировка рекламы" и "Антитрекинг" [блокировщики контента] (https://kb.adguard.com/en/safari/overview#content-blockers).
Фильтры *#recommended* могут быть включены в разделах «Виджеты социальных сетей» и «Раздражители», однако они могут нарушать некоторые функции на сайтах.
[:octicons-home-16: Официальный сайт](https://www.apple.com/ru/safari/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.apple.com/ru/legal/privacy/data/ru/safari/){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/ru-ru/guide/safari/welcome/mac){ .card-link title=Документация}
#### Firefox
#### Рекомендованные настройки
These options can be found in :gear: **Settings** → **Safari** → **Privacy and Security**.
@@ -150,17 +183,22 @@ If you use iCloud with Advanced Data Protection disabled, we also recommend chec
!!! recommendation
![Логотип Terms of Service; Didn't Read](assets/img/browsers/terms_of_service_didnt_read.svg){ align=right }
![Логотип AdGuard](assets/img/browsers/adguard.svg){ align=right }
**Terms of Service; Didn't Read** оценивает веб-сайты на основе их политики конфиденциальности и соглашений об условиях обслуживания.
**AdGuard для iOS** — это бесплатный и открытый блокировщик контента для Safari, который использует нативный [API блокировки контента](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/creating_a_content_blocker).
AdGuard for iOS has some premium features; however, standard Safari content blocking is free of charge.
AdGuard для iOS имеет несколько премиум-функций, хотя стандартные средства блокировки контента Safari бесплатны.
Анализы и рейтинги публикуются сообществом рецензентов. downloads
[:octicons-home-16: Официальный сайт](https://adguard.com/ru/adguard-ios/overview.html){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://adguard.com/ru/privacy/ios.html){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://kb.adguard.com/ios){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdguardForiOS){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
??? downloads
- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1047223162)
Additional filter lists do slow things down and may increase your attack surface, so only apply what you need.
Дополнительные списки блокировки замедляют работу браузера и могут упростить атаку, поэтому пользуйтесь только тем, что вам необходимо.
## Criteria

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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ For models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 2 slots in the OTP interface w
!!! warning
The firmware of YubiKey is not open-source and is not updatable. If you want features in newer firmware versions, or if there is a vulnerability in the firmware version you are using, you would need to purchase a new key.
### Nitrokey / Librem Key
### Nitrokey
!!! recommendation
@@ -55,14 +55,10 @@ For the models which support HOTP and TOTP, there are 3 slots for HOTP and 15 fo
Resetting the OpenPGP interface on a Nitrokey will also make the password database [inaccessible](https://docs.nitrokey.com/pro/factory-reset.html).
The Nitrokey Pro 2, Nitrokey Storage 2, and the upcoming Nitrokey 3 supports system integrity verification for laptops with the [Coreboot](https://www.coreboot.org/) + [Heads](https://osresearch.net/) firmware. Purism's [Librem Key](https://puri.sm/products/librem-key/) is a rebranded NitroKey Pro 2 with similar firmware and can also be used for the same purposes.
The Nitrokey Pro 2, Nitrokey Storage 2, and the upcoming Nitrokey 3 supports system integrity verification for laptops with the [Coreboot](https://www.coreboot.org/) + [Heads](https://osresearch.net/) firmware.
Nitrokey's firmware is open-source, unlike the YubiKey. The firmware on modern NitroKey models (except the **NitroKey Pro 2**) is updatable.
!!! tip
The Nitrokey app, while compatible with Librem Keys, requires `libnitrokey` version 3.6 or above to recognize them. Currently, the package is outdated on Windows, macOS, and most Linux distributions' repository, so you will likely have to compile the Nitrokey app yourself to get it working with the Librem Key. On Linux, you can obtain an up-to-date version from [Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.nitrokey.nitrokey-app).
### Criteria
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.

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@@ -2,6 +2,118 @@
title: "Менеджеры паролей"
icon: material/form-textbox-password
description: Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials.
schema:
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
name: Password Manager Recommendations
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: Bitwarden
image: /assets/img/password-management/bitwarden.svg
url: https://bitwarden.com
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwarden
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
- Android
- iOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: 1Password
image: /assets/img/password-management/1password.svg
url: https://1password.com
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Password
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
- Android
- iOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: Psono
image: /assets/img/password-management/psono.svg
url: https://psono.com
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem:
- Android
- iOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: KeePassXC
image: /assets/img/password-management/keepassxc.svg
url: https://keepassxc.org/
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeePassXC
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: KeePassDX
image: /assets/img/password-management/keepassdx.svg
url: https://www.keepassdx.com/
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem: Android
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: Strongbox
image: /assets/img/password-management/strongbox.svg
url: https://strongboxsafe.com/
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem: iOS
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
-
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": SoftwareApplication
name: gopass
image: /assets/img/password-management/gopass.svg
url: https://www.gopass.pw/
applicationCategory: Password Manager
operatingSystem:
- Windows
- macOS
- Linux
- FreeBSD
subjectOf:
"@context": http://schema.org
"@type": WebPage
url: "./"
---
Менеджеры паролей позволяют безопасно хранить и управлять паролями и другими данными с помощью мастер-пароля.
@@ -43,13 +155,13 @@ description: Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords
- [:simple-googlechrome: Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/bitwarden-free-password-m/nngceckbapebfimnlniiiahkandclblb)
- [:simple-microsoftedge: Edge](https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/jbkfoedolllekgbhcbcoahefnbanhhlh)
Bitwarden также имеет функцию [Bitwarden Send](https://bitwarden.com/products/send/), которая позволяет безопасно обмениваться текстом и файлами с использованием [сквозного шифрования](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-encryption). Отправленные через Bitwarden Send данных можно защищать [паролем](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-privacy/#send-passwords). Bitwarden Send также имеет функцию [автоматического удаления данных](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-lifespan).
Bitwarden также имеет функцию [Bitwarden Send](https://bitwarden.com/products/send/), которая позволяет безопасно обмениваться текстом и файлами с использованием [сквозного шифрования](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-encryption). Отправленные через Bitwarden Send данные можно защитить [паролем](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-privacy/#send-passwords). Bitwarden Send также имеет функцию [автоматического удаления данных](https://bitwarden.com/help/send-lifespan).
Чтобы иметь возможность обмениваться файлами, вам необходима [Премиум подписка](https://bitwarden.com/help/about-bitwarden-plans/#compare-personal-plans). Бесплатный план позволяет обмениваться только текстом.
Чтобы иметь возможность обмениваться файлами, вам необходима [Премиум-подписка](https://bitwarden.com/help/about-bitwarden-plans/#compare-personal-plans). Бесплатный план позволяет обмениваться только текстом.
Сервер Bitwarden имеет [открытый код](https://github.com/bitwarden/server), поэтому если вы не хотите использовать официальное облако Bitwarden, вы можете легко развернуть свой собственный сервер для синхронизации.
Сервер Bitwarden имеет [открытый код](https://github.com/bitwarden/server), поэтому, если вы не хотите использовать официальное облако Bitwarden, вы можете легко развернуть свой собственный сервер для синхронизации.
**Vaultwarden** - это альтернативная реализация сервера синхронизации Bitwarden, написанная на языке Rust и совместимая с официальными клиентами Bitwarden. Она идеально подходит для самостоятельного развертывания, когда запуск официального сервиса, требующего больших мощностей, не является идеальным решением. Если вы хотите самостоятельно развернуть Bitwarden на своем сервере, скорее всего вам стоит использовать Vaultwarden вместо кода официального сервера Bitwarden.
**Vaultwarden** — это альтернативная реализация сервера синхронизации Bitwarden, написанная на языке Rust и совместимая с официальными клиентами Bitwarden. Она идеально подходит для самостоятельного развертывания, когда запуск официального сервиса, требующего больших мощностей, не является оправданным решением. Если вы хотите самостоятельно развернуть Bitwarden на своем сервере, скорее всего, вам стоит использовать Vaultwarden вместо официального сервера Bitwarden.
[:octicons-repo-16: Репозиторий Vaultwarden](https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden ""){.md-button} [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/wiki){ .card-link title=Документация}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden){ .card-link title="Исходный код" }
@@ -61,7 +173,7 @@ Bitwarden также имеет функцию [Bitwarden Send](https://bitwarde
![Логотип 1Password](assets/img/password-management/1password.svg){ align=right }
**1Password** - это менеджер паролей с акцентом на безопасность и простоту использования, который позволяет хранить пароли, кредитные карты, лицензии на программное обеспечение и любую другую конфиденциальную информацию в надежном цифровом хранилище. Ваши данные хранятся на серверах 1Password за [ежемесячную плату](https://1password.com/ru/sign-up/). 1Password регулярно проходит [независимые проверки на безопасность](https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/) и обеспечивает прекрасную поддержку клиентов. 1Password имеет закрытый исходный код, но безопасность продукта подробно описана в их [вайт пейпере по безопасности](https://1passwordstatic.com/files/security/1password-white-paper.pdf).
**1Password** — это менеджер паролей с акцентом на безопасность и простоту использования, который позволяет хранить пароли, кредитные карты, лицензии на программное обеспечение и любую другую конфиденциальную информацию в надежном цифровом хранилище. Ваши данные хранятся на серверах 1Password за [ежемесячную плату](https://1password.com/ru/sign-up/). 1Password регулярно проходит [независимые проверки на безопасность](https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/) и обеспечивает прекрасную поддержку клиентов. 1Password имеет закрытый исходный код, но безопасность продукта подробно описана в их [вайт пейпере по безопасности](https://1passwordstatic.com/files/security/1password-white-paper.pdf).
[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://1password.com/ru){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://support.1password.com/1password-privacy/){ .card-link title="Политика конфиденциальности" }
@@ -75,11 +187,11 @@ Bitwarden также имеет функцию [Bitwarden Send](https://bitwarde
- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://1password.com/downloads/mac/)
- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://1password.com/downloads/linux/)
Изначально, **1Password** предоставлял лучший пользовательский опыт для пользователей macOS и iOS; однако теперь он достиг равенства функций на всех платформах. В нем есть множество функций, как ориентированных на семьи и менее технически подкованных людей, так и более продвинутых возможностей.
Изначально **1Password** предоставлял лучший функционал именно для пользователей macOS и iOS, однако теперь функционал одинаковый на всех платформах. В нем есть множество функций, как ориентированных на семьи и менее технически подкованных людей, так и более продвинутых возможностей.
Ваше хранилище 1Password защищено одновременно вашим мастер-паролем и случайным 34-символьным ключом безопасности для шифрования ваших данных на их серверах. Этот ключ добавляет вашим данным дополнительную защиту, поскольку ваши данные защищены с высокой энтропией независимо от безопасности вашего мастер-пароля. Многие другие решения для управления паролями полностью полагаются на безопасность мастер-пароля для защиты ваших данных.
Ваше хранилище 1Password защищено одновременно мастер-паролем и случайным 34-символьным ключом безопасности для шифрования данных на серверах. Этот ключ добавляет вашим данным дополнительную защиту: они зашифрованы с высокой энтропией независимо от безопасности вашего мастер-пароля. Многие другие решения для управления паролями полностью полагаются на безопасность мастер-пароля для защиты ваших данных.
Одно из преимуществ 1Password перед Bitwarden - первоклассная поддержка нативных клиентов. В то время как Bitwarden выносит многие функции, особенно управление учетными записями, в веб-интерфейс хранилища, 1Password предоставляет почти все функции в своих мобильных и настольных клиентах. Клиенты 1Password также имеют более понятный интерфейс, что облегчает их использование.
Одно из преимуществ 1Password перед Bitwarden — первоклассная поддержка нативных клиентов. В то время как Bitwarden выносит многие функции, особенно управление учетными записями, в веб-интерфейс хранилища, 1Password предоставляет почти все функции в своих мобильных и настольных приложениях. Клиенты 1Password также имеют более понятный интерфейс, что облегчает их использование.
### Psono

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@@ -139,10 +139,8 @@ For more details about each project, why they were chosen, and additional tips o
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![Логотип Proton Mail](assets/img/email/protonmail.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Mail](email.md#protonmail)
- ![Логотип Mailbox.org](assets/img/email/mailboxorg.svg){ .twemoji } [Mailbox.org](email.md#mailboxorg)
- ![Логотип StartMail](assets/img/email/startmail.svg#only-light){ .twemoji }![Логотип StartMail](assets/img/email/startmail-dark.svg#only-dark){ .twemoji } [StartMail](email.md#startmail)
- ![Логотип Tutanota](assets/img/email/tutanota.svg){ .twemoji } [Tutanota](email.md#tutanota)
- ![Proton Drive logo](assets/img/cloud/protondrive.svg){ .twemoji } [Proton Drive](cloud.md#proton-drive)
- ![Tresorit logo](assets/img/cloud/tresorit.svg){ .twemoji } [Tresorit](cloud.md#tresorit)
</div>
@@ -396,7 +394,7 @@ We [recommend](dns.md#recommended-providers) a number of encrypted DNS servers b
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
- ![YubiKeys](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/yubico.svg){ .twemoji } [YubiKey](multi-factor-authentication.md#yubikey)
- ![Nitrokey](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/nitrokey.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitrokey](multi-factor-authentication.md#nitrokey-librem-key)
- ![Nitrokey](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/mini/nitrokey.svg){ .twemoji } [Nitrokey](multi-factor-authentication.md#nitrokey)
- ![Aegis logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/aegis.png){ .twemoji } [Aegis Authenticator](multi-factor-authentication.md#aegis-authenticator)
- ![Raivo OTP logo](assets/img/multi-factor-authentication/raivo-otp.png){ .twemoji } [Raivo OTP](multi-factor-authentication.md#raivo-otp)