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Markdown style consistency (#858)

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Signed-off-by: Daniel Gray <dng@disroot.org>
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Jonah Aragon
2022-04-03 08:50:08 +00:00
committed by Daniel Gray
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docs/blog/2019/08/22/self-hosting-shadowsocks-vpn-outline.md
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@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ Please note that **like any VPN**, Outline/Shadowsocks cannot provide nearly the
Outline is developed by Jigsaw, which is a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc (Google). It is important to note that neither Jigsaw nor Google can see your internet traffic when using Outline, because you will be installing the actual Outline Server on your own machine, not Google’s. Outline is completely open source and was audited in [2017](https://s3.amazonaws.com/outline-vpn/static_downloads/ros-report.pdf) by Radically Open Security and in [2018](https://s3.amazonaws.com/outline-vpn/static_downloads/cure53-report.pdf) by Cure53, and both security firms supported Jigsaw’s security claims. For more information on the data Jigsaw is able to collect when using Outline, see their [article on data collection](https://support.getoutline.org/s/article/Data-collection).
### Prerequisites
All you will need to complete this guide is a computer running Windows, macOS, or Linux. You will also need to know some basic commands: [How to SSH](https://www.howtogeek.com/311287/how-to-connect-to-an-ssh-server-from-windows-macos-or-linux/) in to a server you purchase. We will also assume you know how to purchase and set up a Linux server with SSH access, more info in Step 2.
### Step 1 — Download & Install Outline Manager
Outline allows you to setup and configure your servers from an easy-to-use management console called Outline Manager, which can be downloaded from [getoutline.org](https://getoutline.org). It has binaries available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Simply download and install the Outline Manager application to your computer.
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ Simply download and install the Outline Manager application to your computer.
Note: getoutline.org is blocked in China and likely other countries, however you can download the releases directly from [their GitHub page](https://github.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-server/releases) as well.
### Step 2 — Choose a Server Provider
Outline has the ability to create servers on three different providers automatically: DigitalOcean, Google Cloud, and Amazon Web Services. In some situations, Google Cloud or AWS may be preferable, because they are less likely to be blocked by hostile ISPs/governments and will therefore allow you to more likely circumvent internet censorship. However, keep in mind that the server provider you choose—like any VPN provider—will have the technical ability to read your internet traffic. This is much less likely to happen when using a cloud provider versus a commercial VPN, which is why we recommend self-hosting, but it is still possible. Choose a provider you trust.
Additionally, keep in mind that many US-based cloud providers block all network traffic to and from [countries sanctioned by the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_sanctions#Countries), including AWS and Google Cloud. Users in or visiting those countries may wish to find a European-based hosting provider to run their Outline Server on.
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ Finally, if you want to go with DigitalOcean you can use my affiliate link to re
For this guide we are not going to use an automatic provider in Outline Manager, rather we will manually configure a Linux server. We are using Debian 10. Other distros may work as well, but you may need to install Docker manually.
### Step 3 — Configure Your Server
First, we need to update our system and install `curl`. Connect to your server via SSH and enter the following commands:
Next open Outline Manager on your local machine and you should be given 4 options to configure a server. Select the “Set Up” button under the “Advanced, Set up Outline anywhere” option.
@@ -52,14 +56,15 @@ Connect to your server over SSH and paste the code from above in the Outline Man
After it completes, it will give you a long line starting with `{"apiUrl"` (depending on your Terminal’s color support it will appear as green). Copy that line, and paste it in the second box back in Outline Manager. Then, click “Done”.
### Step 4 — Connect Your Devices
Download the Outline app on the device you want to connect. Outline has applications for the following operating systems:
* [Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.outline.android.client)
* [iOS](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1356177741)
* [Windows](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-releases/master/client/stable/Outline-Client.exe)
* [macOS](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1356178125)
* [Chrome OS](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.outline.android.client)
* [Linux](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-releases/master/client/stable/Outline-Client.AppImage)
* [Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.outline.android.client)
* [iOS](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1356177741)
* [Windows](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-releases/master/client/stable/Outline-Client.exe)
* [macOS](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1356178125)
* [Chrome OS](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.outline.android.client)
* [Linux](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-releases/master/client/stable/Outline-Client.AppImage)
You should also be able to use any [Shadowsocks client](https://shadowsocks.org/en/download/clients.html), including alternative clients for each operating system and a client for OpenWRT routers. And like with the Manager, you can download Outline releases from [their GitHub page](https://github.com/Jigsaw-Code/outline-client/releases) as well.
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ Back in Outline Manager, select your server in the sidebar. On the far right sid
Once you add your server, that’s it! In the Outline clients it’s just a matter of pressing “Connect”, and all your traffic will be proxied through your server! You can use this connection to keep your traffic safe when you’re on public WiFi networks, or just to keep your browsing hidden from your ISP.
### Conclusion
That should be all you need to get your very own VPN up and running! **Do not share your access key with anyone**, this is the key starting with `ss://`. If you want to grant other users access to your server, click “Add a new key” in Outline Manager and give them a new, unique key. If you share a key, anyone with knowledge of that key will be able to see all the traffic of anyone else using the key. It should go without saying, but don’t send people keys over unencrypted channels: No Facebook Messenger, no emails. Stick with [Signal, Wire, or Briar](/real-time-communication) if you don’t have a secure app already.
With Outline, there is no need to worry about the security of your server. Everything is set to automatically update with no intervention required! Another thing to note: The port on your Outline server is randomly generated. This is so the port can’t be easily blocked by nation/ISP level censors, however, this VPN may not function on some networks that only allow access to port 80/443, or on servers that only allow traffic on certain ports. These are edge-cases, but something to keep in mind, and if they apply you may need to look for more technical options.