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Crowdin Bot
@@ -1,451 +0,0 @@
|
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---
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meta_title: "Android Recommendations: GrapheneOS and DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
|
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title: "Android"
|
||||
icon: 'simple/android'
|
||||
description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
|
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cover: android.webp
|
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schema:
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Private Android Operating Systems
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Android
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
|
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url: https://source.android.com/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: GrapheneOS
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
|
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url: https://grapheneos.org/
|
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sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
|
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subjectOf:
|
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"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Divest
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
|
||||
url: https://divestos.org/
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||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
|
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subjectOf:
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"@context": http://schema.org
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||||
"@type": WebPage
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||||
url: "./"
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||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": Product
|
||||
name: Pixel
|
||||
brand:
|
||||
"@type": Brand
|
||||
name: Google
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/google-pixel.png
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel
|
||||
review:
|
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"@type": Review
|
||||
author:
|
||||
"@type": Organization
|
||||
name: Privacy Guides
|
||||
-
|
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"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Shelter
|
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applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
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name: Auditor
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Secure Camera
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
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operatingSystem: Android
|
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": MobileApplication
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name: Secure PDF Viewer
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applicationCategory: Utilities
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operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
---
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{ align=right }
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Het **Android Open Source Project** is een open-source mobiel besturingssysteem onder leiding van Google dat de meerderheid van de mobiele apparaten van de wereld aandrijft. De meeste telefoons die met Android worden verkocht zijn aangepast om invasieve integraties en apps zoals Google Play Services op te nemen, dus je kunt jouw privacy op jouw mobiele apparaat aanzienlijk verbeteren door de standaardinstallatie van jouw telefoon te vervangen door een versie van Android zonder deze invasieve functies.
|
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|
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[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com){ .card-link title=Homepage }
|
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
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|
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Dit zijn de Android-besturingssystemen, apparaten en apps die wij aanbevelen om de beveiliging en privacy van jouw mobiele apparaat te maximaliseren. aanbeveling
|
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|
||||
[Algemeen Android-overzicht en -aanbevelingen :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md ""){.md-button}
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|
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## AOSP-derivaten
|
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|
||||
Wij raden je aan een van deze aangepaste Android-besturingssystemen op jouw toestel te installeren, in volgorde van voorkeur, afhankelijk van de compatibiliteit van jouw toestel met deze besturingssystemen.
|
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|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
|
||||
End-of-life devices (such as GrapheneOS's or CalyxOS's "extended support" devices) do not have full security patches (firmware updates) due to the OEM discontinuing support. Deze apparaten kunnen niet als volledig veilig worden beschouwd, ongeacht de geïnstalleerde software.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### GrapheneOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**GrapheneOS** is de beste keuze als het gaat om privacy en veiligheid.
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS biedt extra [beveiligingsversteviging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(computing)) en privacyverbeteringen. Het heeft een [geharde geheugentoewijzer](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), netwerk- en sensormachtigingen, en diverse andere [beveiligingskenmerken](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS wordt ook geleverd met volledige firmware-updates en ondertekende builds, dus geverifieerd opstarten wordt volledig ondersteund.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS ondersteunt [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), die draait [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) volledig sandboxed als elke andere gewone app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Pixel phones are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
|
||||
|
||||
[Waarom we GrapheneOS aanbevelen boven CalyxOS :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos ""){.md-button}
|
||||
|
||||
### DivestOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org).
|
||||
DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. Het heeft ondertekende builds, waardoor het mogelijk is om [geverifieerde boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) te hebben op sommige niet-Pixel apparaten.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/pages/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS heeft geautomatiseerde kernel kwetsbaarheden ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), minder propriëtaire blobs, en een aangepaste [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) bestand. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates. DivestOS bevat ook kernelpatches van GrapheneOS en schakelt alle beschikbare kernelbeveiligingsfuncties in via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS implementeert enkele systeemhardingspatches die oorspronkelijk voor GrapheneOS zijn ontwikkeld. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/04/21/grapheneos-or-calyxos/#additional-hardening), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, and automatic reboot/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features).
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS gebruikt F-Droid als standaard app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repositories enabled** to keep those components up to date. Voor andere apps gelden nog steeds onze aanbevolen methoden om ze te verkrijgen.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) en kwaliteitscontrole varieert tussen de apparaten die het ondersteunt. We raden nog steeds GrapheneOS aan, afhankelijk van de compatibiliteit van uw toestel. Voor andere apparaten is DivestOS een goed alternatief.
|
||||
|
||||
Niet alle ondersteunde apparaten hebben geverifieerde boot, en sommige doen het beter dan andere.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Android-apparaten
|
||||
|
||||
Wanneer je een apparaat koopt, raden wij je aan er een zo nieuw als mogelijk te kopen. De software en firmware van mobiele apparaten worden slechts een beperkte tijd ondersteund, dus door nieuw te kopen wordt die levensduur zoveel mogelijk verlengd.
|
||||
|
||||
Vermijd het kopen van telefoons van jouw mobiele provider. Deze hebben vaak een **vergrendelde bootloader** en bieden geen ondersteuning voor [OEM-ontgrendeling](https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/locking_unlocking). Deze telefoonvarianten voorkomen dat je enige vorm van alternatieve Android-distributie installeert.
|
||||
|
||||
Wees zeer **voorzichtig** met het kopen van tweedehands telefoons van online marktplaatsen. Controleer altijd de reputatie van de verkoper. If the device is stolen, there's a possibility of it being entered in the [IMEI database](https://gsma.com/get-involved/working-groups/terminal-steering-group/imei-database). Er is ook een risico dat je in verband wordt gebracht met de activiteiten van de vorige eigenaar.
|
||||
|
||||
Nog een paar tips met betrekking tot Android toestellen en compatibiliteit van het besturingssysteem:
|
||||
|
||||
- Koop geen apparaten die het einde van hun levensduur hebben bereikt of bijna hebben bereikt, de fabrikant moet voor extra firmware-updates zorgen.
|
||||
- Koop geen voorgeladen LineageOS of /e/ OS telefoons of Android telefoons zonder de juiste [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) ondersteuning en firmware updates. Deze apparaten hebben ook geen manier om te controleren of er mee geknoeid is.
|
||||
- Kortom, als een toestel of Android-distributie hier niet vermeld staat, is daar waarschijnlijk een goede reden voor. Check out our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) to find details!
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Pixel
|
||||
|
||||
Google Pixel-telefoons zijn de **enige** toestellen die we aanraden om te kopen. Pixel-telefoons hebben een sterkere hardwarebeveiliging dan alle andere Android-toestellen die momenteel op de markt zijn, dankzij de juiste AVB-ondersteuning voor besturingssystemen van derden en Google's aangepaste [Titan](https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html) -beveiligingschips die functioneren als het Secure Element.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Google Pixel**-apparaten staan bekend om hun goede beveiliging en goede ondersteuning van [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), zelfs bij het installeren van aangepaste besturingssystemen.
|
||||
|
||||
Beginning with the **Pixel 8** and **8 Pro**, Pixel devices receive a minimum of 7 years of guaranteed security updates, ensuring a much longer lifespan compared to the 2-5 years competing OEMs typically offer.
|
||||
|
||||
[:material-shopping: Store](https://store.google.com/category/phones){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Secure Elements zoals de Titan M2 zijn beperkter dan de Trusted Execution Environment van de processor die door de meeste andere telefoons gebruikt wordt, omdat ze alleen gebruikt worden voor geheimen opslag, hardware attestatie, en snelheidsbeperking van het invoeren van wachtwoorden, niet voor het draaien van "vertrouwde" programma's. Telefoons zonder een Secure Element moeten de TEE gebruiken voor *alle* van deze functies. Dat leidt tot een groter aanvalsoppervlak.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Pixel phones use a TEE OS called Trusty which is [open source](https://source.android.com/security/trusty#whyTrusty), unlike many other phones.
|
||||
|
||||
De installatie van GrapheneOS op een Pixel telefoon is eenvoudig met hun [web installer](https://grapheneos.org/install/web). If you don't feel comfortable doing it yourself and are willing to spend a bit of extra money, check out the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) as they come preloaded with GrapheneOS from the reputable [Nitrokey](https://nitrokey.com/about) company.
|
||||
|
||||
Nog een paar tips voor de aanschaf van een Google Pixel:
|
||||
|
||||
- Als je op zoek bent naar een koopje voor een Pixel-toestel, raden wij je aan een "**a**"-model te kopen, net nadat het volgende vlaggenschip is uitgebracht. Kortingen zijn meestal beschikbaar omdat Google zal proberen om hun voorraad op te ruimen.
|
||||
- Overweeg de mogelijkheden om de prijzen te verlagen en de speciale aanbiedingen van de fysieke winkels.
|
||||
- Kijk naar online naar de koopjes sites in jouw land. Deze kunnen je waarschuwen voor goede uitverkopen.
|
||||
- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="tml-display" style="display:inline math;"> <mfrac> <mtext>Cost</mtext> <mrow> <mtext>End of Life Date</mtext> <mo>−</mo> <mtext>Current Date</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </math> , meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
|
||||
- If the Pixel is unavailable in your region, the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) can be shipped globally.
|
||||
|
||||
## Algemene toepassingen
|
||||
|
||||
Wij bevelen op deze site een groot aantal Android-apps aan. De hier vermelde apps zijn exclusief voor Android en verbeteren of vervangen specifiek belangrijke systeemfuncties.
|
||||
|
||||
### Shelter
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Shelter** is een app waarmee je gebruik kunt maken van de functie Werkprofiel van Android om apps op uw apparaat te isoleren of te dupliceren.
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter ondersteunt het blokkeren van het zoeken naar contacten tussen profielen en het delen van bestanden tussen profielen via de standaard bestandsbeheerder ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
|
||||
|
||||
Wanneer je Shelter gebruikt, stelt je jouw volledige vertrouwen in de ontwikkelaar, aangezien Shelter optreedt als [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) voor het werkprofiel en uitgebreide toegang heeft tot de gegevens die erin zijn opgeslagen.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure Camera
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure Camera** is een camera-app gericht op privacy en veiligheid die afbeeldingen, video's en QR-codes kan vastleggen. De uitbreidingen van CameraX (Portret, HDR, Nachtzicht, Gezichtsretouche en Auto) worden ook ondersteund op beschikbare toestellen.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
De belangrijkste privacyfuncties zijn:
|
||||
|
||||
- Automatisch verwijderen van [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) metadata (standaard ingeschakeld)
|
||||
- Gebruik van de nieuwe [Media](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media) API, daarom zijn [opslagmachtigingen](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage) niet vereist
|
||||
- Microfoontoestemming niet vereist, tenzij je geluid wilt opnemen
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata worden momenteel niet verwijderd uit videobestanden, maar dat is wel de bedoeling.
|
||||
|
||||
De metadata over de beeldoriëntatie worden niet gewist. Als je gps locatie inschakelt (in Secure camera), wordt deze **niet** verwijderd. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure PDF Viewer
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure PDF Viewer** is een PDF-viewer gebaseerd op [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) die geen rechten vereist. De PDF wordt ingevoerd in een [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_ontwikkeling)) [webview](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). Dit betekent dat er niet direct toestemming nodig is om toegang te krijgen tot inhoud of bestanden.
|
||||
|
||||
[Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) wordt gebruikt om af te dwingen dat de JavaScript en styling eigenschappen binnen het WebView volledig statische inhoud zijn.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Het verkrijgen van Applicaties
|
||||
|
||||
### Obtainium
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Obtainium** is an app manager which allows you to install and update apps directly from the developer's own releases page (i.e. GitHub, GitLab, the developer's website, etc.), rather than a centralized app store/repository. It supports automatic background updates on Android 12 and higher.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium#readme){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/ImranR98){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Obtainium allows you to download APK installer files from a wide variety of sources, and it is up to you to ensure those sources and apps are legitimate. For example, using Obtainium to install Signal from [Signal's APK landing page](https://signal.org/android/apk) should be fine, but installing from third-party APK repositories like Aptoide or APKPure may pose additional risks. The risk of installing a malicious *update* is lower, because Android itself verifies that all app updates are signed by the same developer as the existing app on your phone before installing them.
|
||||
|
||||
### GrapheneOS App Store
|
||||
|
||||
De app store van GrapheneOS is beschikbaar op [GitHub](https://github. com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). Het ondersteunt Android 12 en hoger en is in staat om zichzelf te updaten. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](https://attestation.app), [Camera](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera), and [PDF Viewer](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer). Als je op zoek bent naar deze applicaties, raden wij je ten zeerste aan ze te halen uit de app-winkel van GrapheneOS in plaats van de Play Store, omdat de apps in hun winkel zijn ondertekend door de eigen handtekening van het GrapheneOS-project waar Google geen toegang toe heeft.
|
||||
|
||||
### Aurora Store
|
||||
|
||||
De Google Play Store vereist een Google-account om in te loggen, wat de privacy niet ten goede komt. Je kunt dit omzeilen door een alternatieve client te gebruiken, zoals Aurora Store.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Aurora Store** is een Google Play Store-client waarvoor geen Google-account, Google Play Services of microG nodig is om apps te downloaden.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/blob/master/POLICY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Met de Aurora Store kun je geen betaalde apps downloaden met hun anonieme accountfunctie. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google. However, you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
### Handmatig met RSS-meldingen
|
||||
|
||||
For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](news-aggregators.md) that will help you keep track of new releases.
|
||||
|
||||
   
|
||||
|
||||
#### GitHub
|
||||
|
||||
Op GitHub, met [Secure Camera](#secure-camera) als voorbeeld, zou je navigeren naar de [release pagina](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases) en `.atom` toevoegen aan de URL:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases.atom`
|
||||
|
||||
#### Gitlab
|
||||
|
||||
Op GitLab, met [Aurora Store](#aurora-store) als voorbeeld, zou je naar zijn [project repository](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore) navigeren en `/-/tags?format=atom` aan de URL toevoegen:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/tags?format=atom`
|
||||
|
||||
#### Verifiëren van APK vingerafdrukken
|
||||
|
||||
Als u APK-bestanden downloadt om handmatig te installeren, kunt je hun handtekening verifiëren met de tool [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner), die deel uitmaakt van Android [build-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [Java JDK](https://oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads).
|
||||
|
||||
2. Download de [Android Studio command line tools](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
3. Pak het gedownloade archief uit:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
unzip commandlinetools-*.zip
|
||||
cd cmdline-tools
|
||||
./bin/sdkmanager --sdk_root=./ "build-tools;29.0.3"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. Voer het handtekening verificatie commando uit:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./build-tools/29.0.3/apksigner verify --print-certs ../Camera-37.apk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5. De resulterende hashes kunnen dan worden vergeleken met een andere bron. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk) on their website.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate DN: CN=GrapheneOS
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-256 digest: 6436b155b917c2f9a9ed1d15c4993a5968ffabc94947c13f2aeee14b7b27ed59
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-1 digest: 23e108677a2e1b1d6e6b056f3bb951df7ad5570c
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate MD5 digest: dbbcd0cac71bd6fa2102a0297c6e0dd3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### F-Droid
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right width=120px }
|
||||
|
||||
==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly in the privacy community. De optie om repositories van derden toe te voegen en niet beperkt te zijn tot het ecosysteem van Google heeft geleid tot de populariteit. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are some security-related downsides to how F-Droid builds, signs, and delivers packages:
|
||||
|
||||
Vanwege hun proces van het bouwen van apps lopen apps in de officiële F-Droid-repository vaak achter op updates. F-Droid maintainers hergebruiken ook pakket-ID's tijdens het ondertekenen van apps met hun eigen sleutels, wat niet ideaal is omdat het F-Droid team dan het ultieme vertrouwen krijgt. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
|
||||
|
||||
Other popular third-party repositories for F-Droid such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) alleviate some of these concerns. De IzzyOnDroid repository haalt builds rechtstreeks van GitHub en is het op één na beste optie naast het direct downloaden vanaf de eigen repositories van de ontwikkelaars. However, it is not something that we can fully recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that repository if they are later added to the main F-Droid repository. Hoewel dat logisch is (omdat het doel van die specifieke repository is om apps te hosten voordat ze worden geaccepteerd in de belangrijkste F-Droid-repository), kan het je achterlaten met geïnstalleerde apps die niet langer updates ontvangen.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through other means such as the Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method, and keep an eye on how frequently the app is updated. Outdated apps may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">F-Droid Basic</p>
|
||||
|
||||
In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using the newer [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) client instead of the original F-Droid app to obtain it. F-Droid Basic supports automatic background updates without privileged extension or root, and has a reduced feature set (limiting attack surface).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Wij zijn niet verbonden aan de projecten die wij aanbevelen.** Naast [onze standaardcriteria](about/criteria.md)hebben wij een duidelijke reeks eisen ontwikkeld om objectieve aanbevelingen te kunnen doen. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
### Besturingssystemen
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet open-source software zijn.
|
||||
- Moet bootloadervergrendeling met aangepaste AVB-sleutel ondersteunen.
|
||||
- Moet belangrijke Android-updates ontvangen binnen 0-1 maanden na de release.
|
||||
- Moet binnen 0-14 dagen na release Android feature updates (minor versie) ontvangen.
|
||||
- Moet regelmatige beveiligingspatches ontvangen binnen 0-5 dagen na vrijgave.
|
||||
- Moet **niet** standaard "geroot" zijn uit de doos.
|
||||
- Moet **niet** standaard Google Play Services inschakelen.
|
||||
- Moet **niet** systeemaanpassing vereisen om Google Play Services te ondersteunen.
|
||||
|
||||
### Apparaten
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet ten minste één van onze aanbevolen aangepaste besturingssystemen ondersteunen.
|
||||
- Moet momenteel nieuw in de winkel worden verkocht.
|
||||
- Moet minimaal 5 jaar beveiligingsupdates ontvangen.
|
||||
- Moet beschikken over speciale hardware voor secure elements.
|
||||
|
||||
### Applicaties
|
||||
|
||||
- Toepassingen op deze pagina mogen niet van toepassing zijn op andere softwarecategorieën op de site.
|
||||
- Algemene toepassingen moeten de kernfunctionaliteit van het systeem uitbreiden of vervangen.
|
||||
- Toepassingen moeten regelmatig worden bijgewerkt en onderhouden.
|
||||
106
i18n/nl/android/distributions.md
Normal file
106
i18n/nl/android/distributions.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
meta_title: The Best Custom Android OSes (aka Custom ROMs) - Privacy Guides
|
||||
title: Alternative Distributions
|
||||
description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Private Android Operating Systems
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: GrapheneOS
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
|
||||
url: https://grapheneos.org/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
|
||||
subjectOf:
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Divest
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
|
||||
url: https://divestos.org/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
|
||||
subjectOf:
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A **custom Android-based operating system** (often known as a **custom ROM**) is a popular way to achieve higher levels of privacy and security on your device. This is in contrast to the "stock" version of Android which comes with your phone from the factory, and is often deeply integrated with Google Play Services.
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend installing one of these custom Android operating systems on your device, listed in order of preference, depending on your device's compatibility with these operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
## AOSP Derivatives
|
||||
|
||||
### GrapheneOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_\(computing\)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
[Google Pixel phones](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel) are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
|
||||
|
||||
### DivestOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org).
|
||||
DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices\&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. It has signed builds, making it possible to have [verified boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) on some non-Pixel devices.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/pages/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates.
|
||||
DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://grapheneos.org/usage#exec-spawning), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_\(computer_programming\)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_\(software\)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, [automatic reboot](https://grapheneos.org/features#auto-reboot), and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features#attack-surface-reduction).
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](obtaining-apps.md#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repositories enabled** to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) and quality control varies across the devices it supports. We still recommend GrapheneOS depending on your device's compatibility. For other devices, DivestOS is a good alternative.
|
||||
|
||||
Not all of the supported devices have verified boot, and some perform it better than others.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](../about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet open-source software zijn.
|
||||
- Must support bootloader locking with custom AVB key support.
|
||||
- Must receive major Android updates within 0-1 months of release.
|
||||
- Must receive Android feature updates (minor version) within 0-14 days of release.
|
||||
- Must receive regular security patches within 0-5 days of release.
|
||||
- Must **not** be "rooted" out of the box.
|
||||
- Must **not** enable Google Play Services by default.
|
||||
- Must **not** require system modification to support Google Play Services.
|
||||
124
i18n/nl/android/general-apps.md
Normal file
124
i18n/nl/android/general-apps.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: General Apps
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: General Android Apps
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Shelter
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Secure Camera
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Secure PDF Viewer
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps listed here are Android-exclusive and specifically enhance or replace key system functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
### Shelter
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Shelter** is an app that helps you leverage Android's Work Profile functionality to isolate or duplicate apps on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter supports blocking contact search cross profiles and sharing files across profiles via the default file manager ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
|
||||
|
||||
When using Shelter, you are placing complete trust in its developer, as Shelter acts as a [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) to create the Work Profile, and it has extensive access to the data stored within the Work Profile.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure Camera
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos, and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Main privacy features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Auto removal of [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) metadata (enabled by default)
|
||||
- Use of the new [Media](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media) API, therefore [storage permissions](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage) are not required
|
||||
- Microphone permission not required unless you want to record sound
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata is not currently deleted from video files but that is planned.
|
||||
|
||||
The image orientation metadata is not deleted. If you enable location (in Secure Camera) that **won't** be deleted either. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](../data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure PDF Viewer
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure PDF Viewer** is a PDF viewer based on [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) that doesn't require any permissions. The PDF is fed into a [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_\(software_development\)) [WebView](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). This means that it doesn't require permission directly to access content or files.
|
||||
|
||||
[Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) is used to enforce that the JavaScript and styling properties within the WebView are entirely static content.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](../about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
- Applications on this page must not be applicable to any other software category on the site.
|
||||
- General applications should extend or replace core system functionality.
|
||||
- Applications should receive regular updates and maintenance.
|
||||
34
i18n/nl/android/index.md
Normal file
34
i18n/nl/android/index.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: Android
|
||||
icon: simple/android
|
||||
cover: android.webp
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Android Recommendations
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Android
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
|
||||
url: https://source.android.com/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
The **Android Open Source Project** (AOSP) is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com){ .card-link title=Homepage }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend the following Android-specific tools to maximize your mobile device's security and privacy.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Alternative Distributions](distributions.md)
|
||||
- [General Apps](general-apps.md)
|
||||
- [Obtaining Applications](obtaining-apps.md)
|
||||
|
||||
To learn more about Android:
|
||||
|
||||
[General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../os/android-overview.md){ .md-button }
|
||||
126
i18n/nl/android/obtaining-apps.md
Normal file
126
i18n/nl/android/obtaining-apps.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: Obtaining Applications
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
There are many ways to obtain Android apps privately, even from the Play Store, without interacting with Google Play Services. We recommend the following methods of obtaining applications on Android, listed in order of preference.
|
||||
|
||||
## Obtainium
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Obtainium** is an app manager which allows you to install and update apps directly from the developer's own releases page (i.e. GitHub, GitLab, the developer's website, etc.), rather than a centralized app store/repository. It supports automatic background updates on Android 12 and higher.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium#readme){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/ImranR98){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Obtainium allows you to download APK installer files from a wide variety of sources, and it is up to you to ensure those sources and apps are legitimate. For example, using Obtainium to install Signal from [Signal's APK landing page](https://signal.org/android/apk) should be fine, but installing from third-party APK repositories like Aptoide or APKPure may pose additional risks. The risk of installing a malicious _update_ is lower, because Android itself verifies that all app updates are signed by the same developer as the existing app on your phone before installing them.
|
||||
|
||||
## GrapheneOS App Store
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS's app store is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](../device-integrity.md#auditor-android), [Camera](general-apps.md#secure-camera), and [PDF Viewer](general-apps.md#secure-pdf-viewer). If you are looking for these applications, we highly recommend that you get them from GrapheneOS's app store instead of the Play Store, as the apps on their store are signed by the GrapheneOS's project own signature that Google does not have access to.
|
||||
|
||||
## Aurora Store
|
||||
|
||||
The Google Play Store requires a Google account to log in, which is not great for privacy. You can get around this by using an alternative client, such as Aurora Store.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Aurora Store** is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/blob/master/POLICY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Aurora Store does not allow you to download paid apps with their anonymous account feature. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google. However, you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
## Manually with RSS Notifications
|
||||
|
||||
For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](../news-aggregators.md) that will help you keep track of new releases.
|
||||
|
||||
   
|
||||
|
||||
### GitHub
|
||||
|
||||
On GitHub, using [Secure Camera](general-apps.md#secure-camera) as an example, you would navigate to its [releases page](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases) and append `.atom` to the URL:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases.atom`
|
||||
|
||||
### GitLab
|
||||
|
||||
On GitLab, using [Aurora Store](#aurora-store) as an example, you would navigate to its [project repository](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore) and append `/-/tags?format=atom` to the URL:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/tags?format=atom`
|
||||
|
||||
### Verifying APK Fingerprints
|
||||
|
||||
If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature with the [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) tool, which is a part of Android [build-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [Java JDK](https://oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads).
|
||||
|
||||
2. Download the [Android Studio command line tools](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
3. Extract the downloaded archive:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
unzip commandlinetools-*.zip
|
||||
cd cmdline-tools
|
||||
./bin/sdkmanager --sdk_root=./ "build-tools;29.0.3"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. Run the signature verification command:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./build-tools/29.0.3/apksigner verify --print-certs ../Camera-37.apk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5. The resulting hashes can then be compared with another source. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk) on their website.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate DN: CN=GrapheneOS
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-256 digest: 6436b155b917c2f9a9ed1d15c4993a5968ffabc94947c13f2aeee14b7b27ed59
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-1 digest: 23e108677a2e1b1d6e6b056f3bb951df7ad5570c
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate MD5 digest: dbbcd0cac71bd6fa2102a0297c6e0dd3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## F-Droid
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right width=120px }
|
||||
|
||||
\==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly within the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are some security-related downsides to how F-Droid builds, signs, and delivers packages:
|
||||
|
||||
Due to their process of building apps, apps in the _official_ F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
|
||||
|
||||
Other popular third-party repositories for F-Droid such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can fully recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that repository if they are later added to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through other means such as the Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method, and keep an eye on how frequently the app is updated. Outdated apps may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">F-Droid Basic</p>
|
||||
|
||||
In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using the newer [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) client instead of the original F-Droid app to obtain it. F-Droid Basic supports automatic background updates without privileged extension or root, and has a reduced feature set (limiting attack surface).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ Using these apps is insufficient to determine that a device is "clean", and not
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Auditor is not a scanning/analysis tool like some other tools on this page; rather it uses your device's hardware-backed keystore to allow you to verify the identity of your device and gain assurance that the operating system itself hasn't been tampered with or downgraded via verified boot. This provides a very robust integrity check of your device itself, but doesn't necessarily check whether the user-level apps running on your device are malicious.
|
||||
Auditor is not a scanning/analysis tool like some other tools on this page. Rather, it uses your device's hardware-backed keystore to allow you to verify the identity of your device and gain assurance that the operating system itself hasn't been tampered with or downgraded via verified boot. This provides a very robust integrity check of your device itself, but doesn't necessarily check whether the user-level apps running on your device are malicious.
|
||||
|
||||
Auditor performs attestation and intrusion detection with **two** devices, an _auditee_ (the device being verified) and an _auditor_ (the device performing the verification). The auditor can be any Android 10+ device (or a remote web service operated by [GrapheneOS](android.md#grapheneos)), while the auditee must be a specifically [supported device](https://attestation.app/about#device-support). Auditor works by:
|
||||
Auditor performs attestation and intrusion detection with **two** devices, an _auditee_ (the device being verified) and an _auditor_ (the device performing the verification). The auditor can be any Android 10+ device (or a remote web service operated by [GrapheneOS](android/distributions.md#grapheneos)), while the auditee must be a specifically [supported device](https://attestation.app/about#device-support). Auditor works by:
|
||||
|
||||
- Using a [Trust On First Use (TOFU)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_on_first_use) model between an _auditor_ and _auditee_, the pair establish a private key in the [hardware-backed keystore](https://source.android.com/security/keystore) of the _Auditor_.
|
||||
- The _auditor_ can either be another instance of the Auditor app or the [Remote Attestation Service](https://attestation.app).
|
||||
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Using these apps is insufficient to determine that a device is "clean", and not
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Hypatia** is an open source real-time malware scanner for Android, from the developer of [DivestOS](android.md#divestos). It accesses the internet to download signature database updates, but does not upload your files or any metadata to the cloud. Scans are performed entirely locally.
|
||||
**Hypatia** is an open source real-time malware scanner for Android, from the developer of [DivestOS](android/distributions.md#divestos). It accesses the internet to download signature database updates, but does not upload your files or any metadata to the cloud (scans are performed entirely locally).
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org/pages/our_apps#hypatia){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/pages/privacy_policy#hypatia){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
|
||||
91
i18n/nl/mobile-phones.md
Normal file
91
i18n/nl/mobile-phones.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: Mobile Phones
|
||||
icon: material/cellphone-check
|
||||
description: These mobile devices have proper Android Verified Boot support for custom operating systems.
|
||||
cover: android.webp
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Mobile Phone Recommendations
|
||||
url: ./
|
||||
- "@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": Product
|
||||
name: Pixel
|
||||
brand:
|
||||
"@type": Brand
|
||||
name: Google
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/google-pixel.png
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel
|
||||
review:
|
||||
"@type": Review
|
||||
author:
|
||||
"@type": Organization
|
||||
name: Privacy Guides
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Most **mobile phones** receive short or limited windows of security updates from OEMs; after these devices reach the end of their support period, they **cannot** be considered secure as they no longer receive firmware or driver security updates.
|
||||
|
||||
The mobile devices listed here provide a long lifespan of guaranteed security updates and allow you to install a custom operating system without violating the Android security model.
|
||||
|
||||
[Recommended Custom OSes :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android/distributions.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Details about Android Security :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](os/android-overview.md#security-protections){ .md-button }
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
End-of-life devices (such as GrapheneOS's "extended support" devices) do not have full security patches (firmware updates) due to the OEM discontinuing support. These devices cannot be considered completely secure regardless of installed software.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Purchasing Advice
|
||||
|
||||
When purchasing a device, we recommend getting one as new as possible. The software and firmware of mobile devices are only supported for a limited time, so buying new extends that lifespan as much as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
Avoid buying phones from mobile network operators. These often have a **locked bootloader** and do not support [OEM unlocking](https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/locking_unlocking). These phone variants will prevent you from installing any kind of alternative Android distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
Be very **careful** about buying second hand phones from online marketplaces. Always check the reputation of the seller. If the device is stolen, there's a possibility of it being entered in the [IMEI database](https://gsma.com/get-involved/working-groups/terminal-steering-group/imei-database). There is also a risk involved with you being associated with the activity of the previous owner.
|
||||
|
||||
A few more tips regarding Android devices and operating system compatibility:
|
||||
|
||||
- Do not buy devices that have reached or are near their end-of-life; additional firmware updates must be provided by the manufacturer.
|
||||
- Do not buy preloaded LineageOS or /e/ OS phones or any Android phones without proper [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) support and firmware updates. These devices also have no way for you to check whether they've been tampered with.
|
||||
- In short, if a device is not listed here, there is probably a good reason. Check out our [forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net) to find details!
|
||||
|
||||
## Google Pixel
|
||||
|
||||
Google Pixel phones are the **only** devices we recommend for purchase. Pixel phones have stronger hardware security than any other Android devices currently on the market, due to proper AVB support for third-party operating systems and Google's custom [Titan](https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html) security chips acting as the Secure Element.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Google Pixel** devices are known to have good security and properly support [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot), even when installing custom operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Beginning with the **Pixel 8** and **8 Pro**, Pixel devices receive a minimum of 7 years of guaranteed security updates, ensuring a much longer lifespan compared to the 2-5 years competing OEMs typically offer.
|
||||
|
||||
[:material-shopping: Store](https://store.google.com/category/phones){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Secure Elements like the Titan M2 are more limited than the processor's Trusted Execution Environment used by most other phones as they are only used for secrets storage, hardware attestation, and rate limiting, not for running "trusted" programs. Phones without a Secure Element have to use the TEE for _all_ of those functions, resulting in a larger attack surface.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Pixel phones use a TEE OS called Trusty which is [open source](https://source.android.com/security/trusty#whyTrusty), unlike many other phones.
|
||||
|
||||
The installation of GrapheneOS on a Pixel phone is easy with their [web installer](https://grapheneos.org/install/web). If you don't feel comfortable doing it yourself and are willing to spend a bit of extra money, check out the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) as they come preloaded with GrapheneOS from the reputable [Nitrokey](https://nitrokey.com/about) company.
|
||||
|
||||
A few more tips for purchasing a Google Pixel:
|
||||
|
||||
- If you're after a bargain on a Pixel device, we suggest buying an "**a**" model, just after the next flagship is released. Discounts are usually available because Google will be trying to clear their stock.
|
||||
- Consider price beating options and specials offered at physical stores.
|
||||
- Look at online community bargain sites in your country. These can alert you to good sales.
|
||||
- Google provides a list showing the [support cycle](https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705) for each one of their devices. The price per day for a device can be calculated as: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="tml-display" style="display:inline math;"> <mfrac> <mtext>Cost</mtext> <mrow> <mtext>End of Life Date</mtext> <mo>−</mo> <mtext>Current Date</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </math>
|
||||
, meaning that the longer use of the device the lower cost per day.
|
||||
- If the Pixel is unavailable in your region, the [NitroPhone](https://shop.nitrokey.com/shop) can be shipped globally.
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
- Must support at least one of our recommended custom operating systems.
|
||||
- Must be currently sold new in stores.
|
||||
- Must receive a minimum of 5 years of security updates.
|
||||
- Must have dedicated secure element hardware.
|
||||
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Dit probleem kan worden opgelost door een aangepaste Android-distributie te gebr
|
||||
|
||||
Idealiter, wanneer je een aangepaste Android distributie kiest, moet je ervoor zorgen dat het het Android beveiligingsmodel handhaaft. Op zijn minst zou de distributie productie builds moeten hebben, ondersteuning voor AVB, rollback bescherming, tijdige firmware en besturingssysteem updates, en SELinux in [enforcing mode](https://source.android.com/security/selinux/concepts#enforcement_levels). Al onze aanbevolen Android distributies voldoen aan deze criteria.
|
||||
|
||||
[Onze Android Systeemaanbevelingen :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android.md ""){.md-button}
|
||||
[Onze Android Systeemaanbevelingen :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../android/distributions.md ""){.md-button}
|
||||
|
||||
### Rooting vermijden
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Met gebruikersprofielen kun je beperkingen opleggen aan een specifiek profiel, z
|
||||
|
||||
[Werkprofielen](https://support.google.com/work/android/answer/6191949) zijn een andere manier om afzonderlijke apps te isoleren en kunnen handiger zijn dan afzonderlijke gebruikersprofielen.
|
||||
|
||||
Een **apparaatcontroller** zoals [Shelter](../android.md#shelter) is vereist, tenzij je CalyxOS gebruikt die er een bevat.
|
||||
A **device controller** app such as [Shelter](../android/general-apps.md#shelter) is required to create a Work Profile without an enterprise MDM, unless you're using a custom Android OS which includes one.
|
||||
|
||||
Het werkprofiel is afhankelijk van een apparaatcontroller om te kunnen functioneren. Functies zoals *File Shuttle* en *contact zoeken blokkeren* of enige vorm van isolatiefuncties moeten door de controller worden geïmplementeerd. You must also fully trust the device controller app, as it has full access to your data inside the work profile.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Besturingssystemen
|
||||
|
||||
We publish configuration guides for the major operating systems, because you can generally improve the amount of data that is collected about you on any option, especially if you use [privacy tools](../tools.md) like our recommended web browsers in place of native tools where appropriate. However, some operating systems will be more privacy-respecting inherently, and it will be much harder to achieve an equivalent level of privacy on other choices.
|
||||
|
||||
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
|
||||
If you're starting from scratch, we strongly recommend [Linux](../desktop.md) on desktop and [Android](../android/index.md) on mobile. If you already use something else and aren't interested in switching, we hope you'll find these guides useful.
|
||||
|
||||
## Mobile Operating Systems
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ description: iOS is een mobiel besturingssysteem ontwikkeld door Apple voor de i
|
||||
|
||||
iOS-apparaten worden regelmatig geprijsd door beveiligingsexperts wegens hun robuuste gegevensbeveiliging en voor het volgen van moderne, beste praktijken. Echter, de restrictiviteit van Apples ecosysteem - met name met hun mobiele apparaten - belemmert privacy nog steeds op een aantal manieren.
|
||||
|
||||
We zijn over het algemeen van mening dat iOS voor de meeste mensen een beter dan gemiddelde bescherming biedt op het gebied van privacy en beveiliging, vergeleken met klassiek Android-apparaten van welke fabrikant dan ook. Je kunt echter nog hogere privacynormen bereiken met een [aangepast Android-besturingssysteem](../android.md#aosp-derivatives) zoals GrapheneOS, als je volledig onafhankelijk wilt of moet zijn van de clouddiensten van Apple of Google.
|
||||
We zijn over het algemeen van mening dat iOS voor de meeste mensen een beter dan gemiddelde bescherming biedt op het gebied van privacy en beveiliging, vergeleken met klassiek Android-apparaten van welke fabrikant dan ook. However, you can achieve even higher standards of privacy with a [custom Android operating system](../android/distributions.md#aosp-derivatives) like GrapheneOS, if you want or need to be completely independent of Apple or Google's cloud services.
|
||||
|
||||
### Activeringsslot
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Your location data is not E2EE when your device is online and you use Find My iP
|
||||
|
||||
Bovenaan de **Instellingen-app** zie je je naam en profielfoto als je bent aangemeld bij iCloud. Select that, then select **Find My**. Here you can choose whether to enable or disable Find My location features.
|
||||
|
||||
### Instellingen
|
||||
### Settings
|
||||
|
||||
Many other privacy-related settings can be found in the **Settings** app.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ You can find these settings by opening `gpedit.msc` and navigating to **Local Co
|
||||
|
||||
To change any group policy, double click it and select Enabled or Disabled at the top of the window that appears depending on the recommendations below. Some group policies have additional settings that can be configured, and if that's the case the appropriate settings are noted below as well.
|
||||
|
||||
### Systeem
|
||||
### System
|
||||
|
||||
#### Device Guard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
39
i18n/nl/pastebins.md
Normal file
39
i18n/nl/pastebins.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: Pastebins
|
||||
icon: material/content-paste
|
||||
description: These tools allow you to have full control of any pasted data you share to other parties.
|
||||
cover: pastebins.webp
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
[**Pastebins**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin) are online services most commonly used to share large blocks of code in a convenient and efficient manner. The pastebins listed here employ client-side encryption and password protection for pasted content; both of these features prevent the website or server operator from reading or accessing the contents of any paste.
|
||||
|
||||
## PrivateBin
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**PrivateBin** is a minimalist, open-source online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Gegevens worden in de browser versleuteld/ontsleuteld met 256-bit AES. Het is de verbeterde versie van ZeroBin.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://privatebin.info){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-server-16:](https://privatebin.info/directory){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
### Minimale vereisten
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet open source zijn.
|
||||
- End-to-end versleuteling, "zero-trust", moet worden geïmplementeerd.
|
||||
- Moet wachtwoordbeveiligde bestanden ondersteunen.
|
||||
|
||||
### Beste geval
|
||||
|
||||
Onze best-case criteria geven aan wat wij zouden willen zien van het perfecte project in deze categorie. Het is mogelijk dat onze aanbevelingen geen of niet alle functies bevatten, maar degene die dat wel doen kunnen hoger gerangschikt worden dan andere op deze pagina.
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet een gepubliceerde audit hebben van een gerenommeerde, onafhankelijke derde partij.
|
||||
@@ -154,39 +154,6 @@ In het algemeen definiëren wij kantoorsuites als toepassingen die voor de meest
|
||||
- Moet het bewerken van documenten, spreadsheets en diavoorstellingen ondersteunen.
|
||||
- Moet bestanden exporteren naar standaard documentformaten.
|
||||
|
||||
## Paste diensten
|
||||
|
||||
### PrivateBin
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**PrivateBin** is een minimalistische, open-source online pastebin waar de server geen kennis heeft van geplakte data. Gegevens worden in de browser versleuteld/ontsleuteld met 256-bit AES. Het is de verbeterde versie van ZeroBin.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://privatebin.info){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-server-16:](https://privatebin.info/directory){ .card-link title="Public Instances"}
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Wij zijn niet verbonden aan de projecten die wij aanbevelen.** Naast [onze standaardcriteria](about/criteria.md)hebben wij een duidelijke reeks eisen ontwikkeld om objectieve aanbevelingen te kunnen doen. Wij stellen voor dat je jezelf vertrouwd maakt met deze lijst voordat je een project kiest, en jouw eigen onderzoek uitvoert om er zeker van te zijn dat je de juiste keuze maakt.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Minimale vereisten
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet open source zijn.
|
||||
- End-to-end versleuteling, "zero-trust", moet worden geïmplementeerd.
|
||||
- Moet wachtwoordbeveiligde bestanden ondersteunen.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Beste geval
|
||||
|
||||
Onze best-case criteria geven aan wat wij zouden willen zien van het perfecte project in deze categorie. Het is mogelijk dat onze aanbevelingen geen of niet alle functies bevatten, maar degene die dat wel doen kunnen hoger gerangschikt worden dan andere op deze pagina.
|
||||
|
||||
- Moet een gepubliceerde audit hebben van een gerenommeerde, onafhankelijke derde partij.
|
||||
|
||||
## Language services
|
||||
|
||||
### LanguageTool
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -394,6 +394,16 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](passwords.md)
|
||||
|
||||
### Pastebins
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [PrivateBin](pastebins.md#privatebin)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](pastebins.md)
|
||||
|
||||
### Productiviteitshulpmiddelen
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
@@ -402,7 +412,6 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [LibreOffice](productivity.md#libreoffice)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [OnlyOffice](productivity.md#onlyoffice)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [CryptPad](productivity.md#cryptpad)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [PrivateBin (Pastebin)](productivity.md#privatebin)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [LanguageTool](productivity.md#languagetool)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
@@ -437,32 +446,53 @@ For encrypting your operating system drive, we typically recommend using whichev
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](security-keys.md)
|
||||
|
||||
### Mobile Phones
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Google Pixel](mobile-phones.md#google-pixel)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](mobile-phones.md)
|
||||
|
||||
## Besturingssystemen
|
||||
|
||||
### Mobiel
|
||||
|
||||
#### Custom Android Operating Systems
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [GrapheneOS](android.md#grapheneos)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [DivestOS](android.md#divestos)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [GrapheneOS](android/distributions.md#grapheneos)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [DivestOS](android/distributions.md#divestos)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md)
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android/distributions.md)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Android Apps
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Obtainium (App Manager)](android.md#obtainium)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Aurora Store (Google Play Client)](android.md#aurora-store)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Shelter (Work Profiles)](android.md#shelter)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secure Camera](android.md#secure-camera)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secure PDF Viewer](android.md#secure-pdf-viewer)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Shelter (Work Profiles)](android/general-apps.md#shelter)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secure Camera](android/general-apps.md#secure-camera)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy }{ .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secure PDF Viewer](android/general-apps.md#secure-pdf-viewer)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android.md#general-apps)
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android/general-apps.md)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ways to Obtain Android Apps
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid cards" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Obtainium (App Manager)](android/obtaining-apps.md#obtainium)
|
||||
- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Aurora Store (Google Play Client)](android/obtaining-apps.md#aurora-store)
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
[Meer informatie :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](android/obtaining-apps.md)
|
||||
|
||||
### Desktop/PC
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user