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i18n/zh-Hant/advanced/tor-overview.md
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ description: Tor 是一個免費使用的去中心化網路，其讓用戶在使
Tor 是一個免費使用的去中心化網路，其讓用戶在使用網際網路之際盡可能地保護自己的隱私。 如果使用得當，該網路可以實現私人和匿名瀏覽和通訊。
## Safely Connecting to Tor
## 正在連接到Tor
Before connecting to [Tor](../tor.md), you should carefully consider what you're looking to accomplish by using Tor in the first place, and who you're trying to hide your network activity from.
@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ Setting up bad configurations like these is difficult to do accidentally, becaus
Determining whether you should first use a VPN to connect to the Tor network will require some common sense and knowledge of your own government's and ISP's policies relating to what you're connecting to. However, again in most cases you will be better off being seen as connecting to a commercial VPN network than directly to the Tor network. If VPN providers are censored in your area, then you can also consider using Tor pluggable transports (e.g. Snowflake or meek bridges) as an alternative, but using these bridges may arouse more suspicion than standard WireGuard/OpenVPN tunnels.
## What Tor is Not
## Tor 並非是
The Tor network is not the perfect privacy protection tool in all cases, and has a number of drawbacks which should be carefully considered. These things should not discourage you from using Tor if it is appropriate for your needs, but they are still things to think about when deciding which solution is most appropriate for you.
### Tor is not a free VPN
### Tor 不是免費的 VPN
The release of the *Orbot* mobile app has lead many people to describe Tor as a "free VPN" for all of your device traffic. However, treating Tor like this poses some dangers compared to a typical VPN.
*Orbot* 行動應用，讓許多人誤將 Tor 描述為適用所有裝置流量的「免費 VPN」。 然而，與典型的 VPN 相比，這樣使用 Tor 會有某些危險。
Unlike Tor exit nodes, VPN providers are usually not *actively* [malicious](#caveats). Because Tor exit nodes can be created by anybody, they are hotspots for network logging and modification. In 2020, many Tor exit nodes were documented to be downgrading HTTPS traffic to HTTP in order to [hijack cryptocurrency transactions](https://therecord.media/thousands-of-tor-exit-nodes-attacked-cryptocurrency-users-over-the-past-year). Other exit node attacks such as replacing downloads via unencrypted channels with malware have also been observed. HTTPS does mitigate these threats to an extent.
不同於 Tor 出口節點，VPN 服務商通常不會*主動*[惡意](#caveats)。 Tor 出口節點可由任何人創建，它們是網路日誌記錄和修改的熱點。 2020 年許多 Tor 出口節點被記錄將 HTTPS 流量降級為 HTTP，以便[「劫持」加密貨幣交易](https://therecord.media/thousands-of-tor-exit-nodes-attacked-cryptocurrency-users-over-the-past-year)。 Other exit node attacks such as replacing downloads via unencrypted channels with malware have also been observed. HTTPS does mitigate these threats to an extent.
As we've alluded to already, Tor is also easily identifiable on the network. Unlike an actual VPN provider, using Tor will make you stick out as a person likely attempting to evade authorities. In a perfect world, Tor would be seen by network administrators and authorities as a tool with many uses (like how VPNs are viewed), but in reality the perception of Tor is still far less legitimate than the perception of commercial VPNs, so using a real VPN provides you with plausible deniability, e.g. "I was just using it to watch Netflix," etc.
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ As we've alluded to already, Tor is also easily identifiable on the network. Unl
**Even if you use bridges and pluggable transports,** the Tor Project provides no tools to hide the fact that you are using Tor from your ISP. Even using obfuscated "pluggable transports" or non-public bridges do not hide the fact that you are using a private communications channel. The most popular pluggable transports like obfs4 (which obfuscates your traffic to "look like nothing") and meek (which uses domain fronting to camouflage your traffic) can be [detected](https://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/889-Tor-0day-Burning-Bridges.html) with fairly standard traffic analysis techniques. Snowflake has similar issues, and can be [easily detected](https://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/944-Tor-0day-Snowflake.html) *before* a Tor connection is even established.
Pluggable transports other than these three do exist, but typically rely on security through obscurity to evade detection. They aren't impossible to detect, they are just used by so few people that it's not worth the effort building detectors for them. They shouldn't be relied upon if you specifically are being monitored.
還有這三種以外的可插拔傳輸，但通常依賴透過隱蔽性來逃避偵測的安全性。 They aren't impossible to detect, they are just used by so few people that it's not worth the effort building detectors for them. 如果特別遭受監控，則不應依賴它們。
It is critical to understand the difference between bypassing censorship and evading detection. It is easier to accomplish the former because of the many real-world limitations on what network censors can realistically do en masse, but these techniques do not hide the fact that you—*specifically* you—are using Tor from an interested party monitoring your network.
了解繞過審查和逃避檢測兩者的差異很重要。 要實現前者更容易，因為網路審查員實際上存在許多現實限制，但這些技術並沒有掩蓋這個事實：監視網路使用的相關單位知道您——*的確在* — —使用Tor 。
### Tor Browser is not the most *secure* browser
### Tor 瀏覽器不是最*安全*的瀏覽器
Anonymity can often be at odds with security: Tor's anonymity requires every user to be identical, which creates a monoculture (the same bugs are present across all Tor Browser users). As a cybersecurity rule of thumb, monocultures are generally regarded as bad: Security through diversity (which Tor lacks) provides natural segmentation by limiting vulnerabilities to smaller groups, and is therefore usually desirable, but this diversity is also less good for anonymity.
匿名性常常與安全性相矛盾：Tor 的匿名性要求每個使用者都是相同的，這會造成單一文化（所有 Tor 瀏覽器使用者都存在相同的錯誤）。 As a cybersecurity rule of thumb, monocultures are generally regarded as bad: Security through diversity (which Tor lacks) provides natural segmentation by limiting vulnerabilities to smaller groups, and is therefore usually desirable, but this diversity is also less good for anonymity.
Additionally, Tor Browser is based on Firefox's Extended Support Release builds, which only receives patches for vulnerabilities considered *Critical* and *High* (not *Medium* and *Low*). This means that attackers could (for example):
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ Because your ISP almost certainly is not capturing all packet-level data and sto
Therefore, bridges provide the most benefit when circumventing internet censorship *in the moment*, but they are not an adequate substitute for **all** the benefits that using a VPN alongside Tor can provide. Again, this is not advice *against* using Tor bridges, you should just be aware of these limitations while making your decision. In some cases bridges may be the *only* option (if all VPN providers are blocked, for instance), so you can still use them in those circumstances with this limitation in mind.
If you think that a bridge can aid in defending against fingerprinting or other advanced network analysis more than a VPN's encrypted tunnel already can, you always have the option to use a bridge in conjunction with a VPN as well. That way you are still protected by the pluggable transport's obfuscation techniques even if an adversary gains some level of visibility into your VPN tunnel. If you decide to go this route, we recommend connecting to an obfs4 bridge behind your VPN for optimal fingerprinting protection, rather than meek or Snowflake.
如果認為橋接器比 VPN 的加密隧道更能幫助防禦指紋識別或其他進階網路分析，那麼可以一直選擇將橋接器與 VPN 結合使用。 這樣，即使對手取得對 VPN 隧道某程度的可見性，您仍然受到可插拔傳輸混淆技術的保護。 如果決定走這條路，建議您連接到 VPN 後面的 obfs4 橋，以獲得最佳的指紋識別保護，而不是 meek 或 Snowflake。
It is [possible](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/clarify-tors-weaknesses-with-respect-to-observability/3676/16) that the [WebTunnel](https://forum.torproject.org/t/tor-relays-announcement-webtunnel-a-new-pluggable-transport-for-bridges-now-available-for-deployment/8180) pluggable transport currently being trialed may mitigate some of these concerns. We will continue to keep an eye on that technology as it develops.
It is [possible](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/clarify-tors-weaknesses-with-respect-to-observability/3676/16) that the [WebTunnel](https://forum.torproject.org/t/tor-relays-announcement-webtunnel-a-new-pluggable-transport-for-bridges-now-available-for-deployment/8180) pluggable transport currently being trialed may mitigate some of these concerns. 我們將繼續關注這項技術的發展。
## 其他資源