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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Android Recommendations: GrapheneOS and DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Android"
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icon: 'simple/android'
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description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
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cover: android.png
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cover: android.webp
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schema:
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Calendar Sync"
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icon: material/calendar
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description: Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement encryption at rest.
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cover: calendar.png
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cover: calendar.webp
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---
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Calendars contain some of your most sensitive data; use products that implement E2EE at rest to prevent a provider from reading them.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "The Best Private and Secure Cloud Storage Providers - Privacy Guide
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title: "Cloud Storage"
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icon: material/file-cloud
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description: Many cloud storage providers require your trust that they will not look at your files. These are private alternatives!
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cover: cloud.png
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cover: cloud.webp
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---
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Many cloud storage providers require your full trust that they will not look at your files. The alternatives listed below eliminate the need for trust by implementing secure E2EE.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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meta_title: "Private Cryptocurrency Blockchains - Privacy Guides"
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title: Cryptocurrency
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icon: material/bank-circle
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cover: cryptocurrency.png
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cover: cryptocurrency.webp
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---
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Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These cryptocurrencies provide transaction privacy by default (something which is **not** guaranteed by the majority of cryptocurrencies), provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Remove PII with Metadata Scrubbers and Data Redaction Tools - Priva
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title: "Data and Metadata Redaction"
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icon: material/tag-remove
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description: Use these tools to remove metadata like GPS location and other identifying information from photos and files you share.
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cover: data-redaction.png
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cover: data-redaction.webp
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---
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When sharing files, be sure to remove associated metadata. Image files commonly include [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) data. Photos sometimes even include GPS coordinates in the file metadata.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Webové prohlížeče respektující soukromí pro PC a Mac - Priva
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title: "Prohlížeče pro počítače"
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icon: material/laptop
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description: Tyto webové prohlížeče nabízejí lepší ochranu soukromí než Google Chrome.
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cover: desktop-browsers.png
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cover: desktop-browsers.webp
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schema:
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Desktop/PC"
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icon: simple/linux
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description: Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software freedom.
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cover: desktop.png
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cover: desktop.webp
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---
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Linux distributions are commonly recommended for privacy protection and software freedom. If you don't already use Linux, below are some distributions we suggest trying out, as well as some general privacy and security improvement tips that are applicable to many Linux distributions.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "DNS Resolvers"
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icon: material/dns
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description: These are some encrypted DNS providers we recommend switching to, to replace your ISP's default configuration.
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cover: dns.png
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cover: dns.webp
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---
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Encrypted DNS with third-party servers should only be used to get around basic [DNS blocking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) when you can be sure there won't be any consequences. Encrypted DNS will not help you hide any of your browsing activity.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Email Clients"
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icon: material/email-open
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description: These email clients are privacy-respecting and support OpenPGP email encryption.
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cover: email-clients.png
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cover: email-clients.webp
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---
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Our recommendation list contains email clients that support both [OpenPGP](encryption.md#openpgp) and strong authentication such as [Open Authorization (OAuth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth). OAuth allows you to use [Multi-Factor Authentication](basics/multi-factor-authentication.md) and prevent account theft.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Encrypted Private Email Recommendations - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Email Services"
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icon: material/email
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description: These email providers offer a great place to store your emails securely, and many offer interoperable OpenPGP encryption with other providers.
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cover: email.png
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cover: email.webp
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---
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Email is practically a necessity for using any online service, however we do not recommend it for person-to-person conversations. Rather than using email to contact other people, consider using an instant messaging medium that supports forward secrecy.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Recommended Encryption Software: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt,
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title: "Encryption Software"
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icon: material/file-lock
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description: Encryption of data is the only way to control who can access it. These tools allow you to encrypt your emails and any other files.
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cover: encryption.png
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cover: encryption.webp
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---
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Encryption of data is the only way to control who can access it. If you are currently not using encryption software for your hard disk, emails or files, you should pick an option here.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "File Sharing and Sync"
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icon: material/share-variant
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description: Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your friends and family, or anonymously online.
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cover: file-sharing.png
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cover: file-sharing.webp
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---
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Discover how to privately share your files between your devices, with your friends and family, or anonymously online.
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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---
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title: Financial Services
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icon: material/bank
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cover: financial-services.png
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cover: financial-services.webp
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---
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Making payments online is one of the biggest challenges to privacy. These services can assist you in protecting your privacy from merchants and other trackers, provided you have a strong understanding of how to make private payments effectively. We strongly encourage you first read our payments overview article before making any purchases:
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Frontends"
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icon: material/flip-to-front
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description: These open-source frontends for various internet services allow you to access content without JavaScript or other annoyances.
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cover: frontends.png
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cover: frontends.webp
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---
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Sometimes services will try to force you to sign up for an account by blocking access to content with annoying popups. They might also break without JavaScript enabled. These frontends can allow you to get around these restrictions.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Privacy Respecting Mobile Web Browsers for Android and iOS - Privac
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title: "Mobile Browsers"
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icon: material/cellphone-information
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description: These browsers are what we currently recommend for standard/non-anonymous internet browsing on your phone.
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cover: mobile-browsers.png
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cover: mobile-browsers.webp
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schema:
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Multi-Factor Authenticators"
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icon: 'material/two-factor-authentication'
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description: These tools assist you with securing your internet accounts with Multi-Factor Authentication without sending your secrets to a third-party.
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cover: multi-factor-authentication.png
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cover: multi-factor-authentication.webp
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---
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## Hardware Security Keys
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "News Aggregators"
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icon: material/rss
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description: These news aggregator clients let you keep up with your favorite blogs and news sites using internet standards like RSS.
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cover: news-aggregators.png
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cover: news-aggregators.webp
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---
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A [news aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator) is a way to keep up with your favorite blogs and news sites.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Notebooks"
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icon: material/notebook-edit-outline
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description: These encrypted note-taking apps let you keep track of your notes without giving them to a third-party.
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cover: notebooks.png
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cover: notebooks.webp
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---
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Keep track of your notes and journalings without giving them to a third-party.
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@ -118,12 +118,6 @@ Decide whether you want personalized ads based on your usage.
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- [ ] Uncheck **Personalized Ads**
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##### Security
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Apps from the App Store are subject to stricter security guidelines, such as stricter sandboxing. If the only apps you need are available from the App Store, change the **Allow applications downloaded from** setting to **App Store** to prevent accidentally running other apps. This is a good option particularly if you are configuring a machine for other, less technical users such as children.
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If you choose to also allow applications from identified developers, be careful about the apps you run and where you obtain them.
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##### FileVault
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On modern devices with a Secure Enclave (Apple T2 Security Chip, Apple silicon), your data is always encrypted, but is decrypted automatically by a hardware key if your device doesn't detect it's been tampered with. Enabling FileVault additionally requires your password to decrypt your data, greatly improving security, especially when powered off or before the first login after powering on.
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@ -140,17 +134,21 @@ On older Intel-based Mac computers, FileVault is the only form of disk encryptio
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### MAC Address Randomization
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Unlike iOS, macOS doesn't give you an option to randomize your MAC address in the settings, so you'll need to do it with a command or a script.
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macOS uses a randomized MAC address when performing Wi-Fi scans while disconnected from a network. However, when you connect to a preferred Wi-Fi network, the MAC address used is never randomized. Full MAC address randomization is an advanced topic, and most people don't need to worry about performing the following steps.
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You open up your Terminal and enter this command to randomize your MAC address:
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Unlike iOS, macOS doesn't give you an option to randomize your MAC address in the settings, so if you wish to change this identifier, you'll need to do it with a command or a script. To set a random MAC address, first disconnect from the network if you're already connected, then open **Terminal** and enter this command to randomize your MAC address:
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``` zsh
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openssl rand -hex 6 | sed 's/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//' | xargs sudo ifconfig en1 ether
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openssl rand -hex 6 | sed 's/^\(.\{1\}\)./\12/; s/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//' | xargs sudo ifconfig en0 ether
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```
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en1 is the name of the interface you're changing the MAC address for. This might not be the right one on every Mac, so to check you can hold the option key and click the Wi-Fi symbol at the top right of your screen.
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`en0` is the name of the interface you're changing the MAC address for. This might not be the right one on every Mac, so to check you can hold the option key and click the Wi-Fi symbol at the top right of your screen. "Interface name" should be displayed at the top of the dropdown menu.
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This will be reset on reboot.
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This command sets your MAC address to a randomized, "locally administered" address, matching the behavior of iOS, Windows, and Android's MAC address randomization features. This means that every character in the MAC address is fully randomized except the second character, which denotes the MAC address as *locally administered* and not in conflict with any actual hardware. This method is most compatible with modern networks. An alternative method is to set the first six characters of the MAC address to one of Apple's existing *Organizational Unique Identifiers*, which we'll leave as an exercise to the reader. That method is more likely to conflict with some networks, but may be less noticeable. Given the prevalence of randomized, locally administered MAC addresses in other modern operating systems, we don't think either method has significant privacy advantages over the other.
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When you connect to the network again, you'll connect with a random MAC address. This will be reset on reboot.
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Your MAC address is not the only unique information about your device which is broadcast on the network, your hostname is another piece of information which could uniquely identify you. You may wish to set your hostname to something generic like "MacBook Air", "Laptop", "John's MacBook Pro", or "iPhone" in **System Settings** > **General** > **Sharing**. Some [privacy scripts](https://github.com/sunknudsen/privacy-guides/tree/master/how-to-spoof-mac-address-and-hostname-automatically-at-boot-on-macos#guide) allow you to easily generate hostnames with random names.
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## Security Protections
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "The Best Password Managers to Protect Your Privacy and Security - P
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title: "Password Managers"
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icon: material/form-textbox-password
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description: Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials.
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cover: passwords.png
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cover: passwords.webp
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schema:
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"@context": http://schema.org
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title: "Productivity Tools"
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icon: material/file-sign
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description: Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do.
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cover: productivity.png
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cover: productivity.webp
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---
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Most online office suites do not support E2EE, meaning the cloud provider has access to everything you do. The privacy policy may legally protect your rights, but it does not provide technical access constraints.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "The Best Private Instant Messengers - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Real-Time Communication"
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icon: material/chat-processing
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description: Other instant messengers make all of your private conversations available to the company that runs them.
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cover: real-time-communication.png
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cover: real-time-communication.webp
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---
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These are our recommendations for encrypted real-time communication.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title: "Router Firmware"
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icon: material/router-wireless
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description: These alternative operating systems can be used to secure your router or Wi-Fi access point.
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cover: router.png
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cover: router.webp
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---
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Below are a few alternative operating systems, that can be used on routers, Wi-Fi access points, etc.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Recommended Search Engines: Anonymous Google Alternatives - Privacy
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title: "Search Engines"
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icon: material/search-web
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description: These privacy-respecting search engines don't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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cover: search-engines.png
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cover: search-engines.webp
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---
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Use a search engine that doesn't build an advertising profile based on your searches.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Tor Browser and Network: Anonymous Web Browsing - Privacy Guides"
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title: "Tor Network"
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icon: simple/torproject
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description: Protect your internet browsing from prying eyes by using the Tor network, a secure network which circumvents censorship.
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cover: tor.png
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cover: tor.webp
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schema:
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"@context": http://schema.org
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ meta_title: "Private VPN Service Recommendations and Comparison, No Sponsors or
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title: "VPN Services"
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icon: material/vpn
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description: These are the best VPN services for protecting your privacy and security online. Find a provider here that isn’t out to spy on you.
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cover: vpn.png
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cover: vpn.webp
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---
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If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:
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