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16
i18n/de/basics/passwords-overview.md
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Alle von uns [empfohlenen Passwort-Manager](../passwords.md) enthalten einen int
Passwörter, die du dir merken musst (z. B. das Master-Passwort deines Passwort-Managers), solltest du nicht zu oft ändern, es sei denn, du hast Grund zu der Annahme, dass es kompromittiert wurde, denn wenn du es zu oft änderst, besteht die Gefahr, dass du es vergisst. Passwörter, die du dir merken musst (z. B. das Master-Passwort deines Passwort-Managers), solltest du nicht zu oft ändern, es sei denn, du hast Grund zu der Annahme, dass es kompromittiert wurde, denn wenn du es zu oft änderst, besteht die Gefahr, dass du es vergisst.
When it comes to passwords that you don't have to remember (such as passwords stored inside your password manager), if your [threat model](threat-modeling.md) calls for it, we recommend going through important accounts (especially accounts that don't use multi-factor authentication) and changing their password every couple of months, in case they have been compromised in a data breach that hasn't become public yet. Most password managers allow you to set an expiry date for your password to make this easier to manage. When it comes to passwords that you don't have to remember (such as passwords stored inside your password manager), if your [threat model](threat-modeling.md) calls for it, we recommend going through important accounts (especially accounts that don't use multi-factor authentication) and changing their password every couple of months, in case they have been compromised in a data breach that hasn't become public yet. Bei den meisten Passwort-Managern kannst du ein Verfallsdatum für dein Passwort festlegen, um die Verwaltung zu erleichtern.
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Nach Datenlecks suchen</p> <p class="admonition-title">Nach Datenlecks suchen</p>
@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ Wenn dein Passwort-Manager die Möglichkeit bietet, nach kompromittierten Passw
### Passwörter ### Passwörter
A lot of services impose certain criteria when it comes to passwords, including a minimum or maximum length, as well as which special characters, if any, can be used. You should use your password manager's built-in password generator to create passwords that are as long and complex as the service will allow by including capitalized and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters. Viele Dienste schreiben bestimmte Kriterien für Passwörter vor, z. B. eine Mindest- oder Höchstlänge sowie, ob und welche Sonderzeichen verwendet werden dürfen. Verwendest du den integrierten Passwort-Generator deines Passwort-Managers, um Passwörter zu erstellen, solltest du diese so lang und komplex machen, wie es der Dienst zulässt. Das Passwort sollte dabei idealerweise Groß- und Kleinbuchstaben, Zahlen und Sonderzeichen enthalten.
If you need a password you can memorize, we recommend a [diceware passphrase](#diceware-passphrases). Wenn du ein Passwort benötigest, das du dir merken kannst, empfehlen wir eine [Diceware-Passphrase](#diceware-passphrases).
### Diceware Passphrasen ### Diceware Passphrasen
@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ Wir empfehlen, die [große Wortliste des EFF](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/e
To demonstrate how strong diceware passphrases are, we'll use the aforementioned seven word passphrase (`viewable fastness reluctant squishy seventeen shown pencil`) and [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) as an example. To demonstrate how strong diceware passphrases are, we'll use the aforementioned seven word passphrase (`viewable fastness reluctant squishy seventeen shown pencil`) and [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) as an example.
One metric to determine the strength of a diceware passphrase is how much entropy it has. The entropy per word in a diceware passphrase is calculated as <math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>WordsInList</mtext> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math> and the overall entropy of the passphrase is calculated as: <math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mtext>WordsInList</mtext> <mtext>WordsInPhrase</mtext> </msup> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math> Eine Kennzahl zur Bestimmung der Stärke einer Diceware-Passphrase ist die Entropie, die sie aufweist. Die Entropie pro Wort in einer Diceware-Passphrase wird wie folgt berechnet <math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>WörterInListe</mtext> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math> und die Gesamtentropie der Passphrase wird wie folgt berechnet: <math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mtext>WörterInListe</mtext> <mtext>WörterInPhrase</mtext> </msup> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math>
Therefore, each word in the aforementioned list results in ~12.9 bits of entropy (<math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>7776</mn> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math>), and a seven word passphrase derived from it has ~90.47 bits of entropy (<math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>7776</mn> <mn>7</mn> </msup> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math>). Daher ergibt jedes Wort in der oben genannten Liste ~12,9 Bits an Entropie (<math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>7776</mn> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math>), und eine daraus abgeleitete Passphrase mit sieben Wörtern hat eine Entropie von ~90,47 Bit (<math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>log</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo form="prefix" stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>7776</mn> <mn>7</mn> </msup> <mo form="postfix" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math>).
The [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) contains 7776 unique words. To calculate the amount of possible passphrases, all we have to do is <math> <msup> <mtext>WordsInList</mtext> <mtext>WordsInPhrase</mtext> </msup> </math>, or in our case, <math><msup><mn>7776</mn><mn>7</mn></msup></math>. [Die große Wortliste des EFF](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) enthält 7776 einzigartige Wörter. Um die Anzahl der möglichen Passphrasen zu berechnen, müssen wir nur Folgendes tun <math> <msup> <mtext>WörterInListe</mtext> <mtext>WörterInPhrase</mtext> </msup> </math>, oder in unserem Fall, <math><msup><mn>7776</mn><mn>7</mn></msup></math>.
Let's put all of this in perspective: A seven word passphrase using [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) is one of ~1,719,070,799,748,422,500,000,000,000 possible passphrases. Let's put all of this in perspective: A seven word passphrase using [EFF's large wordlist](https://eff.org/files/2016/07/18/eff_large_wordlist.txt) is one of ~1,719,070,799,748,422,500,000,000,000 possible passphrases.
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ On average, it takes trying 50% of all the possible combinations to guess your p
</details> </details>
To sum it up, diceware passphrases are your best option when you need something that is both easy to remember *and* exceptionally strong. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Diceware-Passphrasen die beste Wahl sind, wenn du ein Passwort brauchst, das sowohl leicht zu merken *als auch* außergewöhnlich stark ist.
## Passwörter speichern ## Passwörter speichern
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ The best way to store your passwords is by using a password manager. They allow
There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose one of our recommended password managers and use it to establish strong passwords across all of your accounts. We recommend securing your password manager with a [diceware passphrase](#diceware-passphrases) comprised of at least seven words. There are many good options to choose from, both cloud-based and local. Choose one of our recommended password managers and use it to establish strong passwords across all of your accounts. We recommend securing your password manager with a [diceware passphrase](#diceware-passphrases) comprised of at least seven words.
[List of recommended password managers](../passwords.md ""){.md-button} [Empfohlene Passwort-Manager](../passwords.md ""){.md-button}
<div class="admonition warning" markdown> <div class="admonition warning" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager</p> <p class="admonition-title">Don't place your passwords and TOTP tokens inside the same password manager</p>

2
i18n/de/email-clients.md
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@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ NeoMutt is a text-based client that has a steep learning curve. It is, however,
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
### Minimum Qualifications ### Mindestanforderungen
- Apps developed for open-source operating systems must be open source. - Apps developed for open-source operating systems must be open source.
- Must not collect telemetry, or have an easy way to disable all telemetry. - Must not collect telemetry, or have an easy way to disable all telemetry.

142
i18n/de/encryption.md
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@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
--- ---
meta_title: "Recommended Encryption Software: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt, and OpenPGP - Privacy Guides" meta_title: "Empfohlene Verschlüsselungssoftware: VeraCrypt, Cryptomator, PicoCrypt und OpenPGP - Privacy Guides"
title: "Encryption Software" title: "Verschlüsselungssoftware"
icon: material/file-lock icon: material/file-lock
description: Encryption of data is the only way to control who can access it. These tools allow you to encrypt your emails and any other files. description: Die Verschlüsselung von Daten ist die einzige Möglichkeit zu kontrollieren, wer darauf zugreifen kann. Mit diesen Tools kannst du deine E-Mails und alle anderen Dateien verschlüsseln.
cover: encryption.webp cover: encryption.webp
--- ---
**Encryption** is the only secure way to control who can access your data. If you are currently not using encryption software for your hard disk, emails, or files, you should pick an option here. **Verschlüsselung** ist der einzige sichere Weg, um zu kontrollieren, wer auf deine Daten zugreifen kann. Wenn du derzeit keine Verschlüsselungssoftware für deine Festplatte, E-Mails oder Dateien verwendest, solltest du hier eine Option auswählen.
## Multi-platform ## Multi-Plattform
The options listed here are multi-platform and great for creating encrypted backups of your data. The options listed here are multi-platform and great for creating encrypted backups of your data.
### Cryptomator (Cloud) ### Cryptomator (Cloud)
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-bug-outline: Passive Angriffe](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange} - [:material-bug-outline: Passive Angriffe](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange}
@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ The options listed here are multi-platform and great for creating encrypted back
![Cryptomator logo](assets/img/encryption-software/cryptomator.svg){ align=right } ![Cryptomator logo](assets/img/encryption-software/cryptomator.svg){ align=right }
**Cryptomator** is an encryption solution designed for privately saving files to any cloud [:material-server-network: Service Provider](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers){ .pg-teal }, eliminating the need to trust that they won't access your files. It allows you to create vaults that are stored on a virtual drive, the contents of which are encrypted and synced with your cloud storage provider. **Cryptomator** is an encryption solution designed for privately saving files to any cloud [:material-server-network: Service Provider](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers){ .pg-teal }, eliminating the need to trust that they won't access your files. Es erlaubt dir Tresore zu erstellen, die auf einem virtuellen Laufwerk gespeichert sind, deren Inhalt verschlüsselt und mit deinem Cloud-Anbieter synchronisiert wird.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptomator.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://cryptomator.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptomator.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } [:octicons-eye-16:](https://cryptomator.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Datenschutzrichtlinie" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptomator.org){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.cryptomator.org){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/cryptomator){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/cryptomator){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://cryptomator.org/donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" } [:octicons-heart-16:](https://cryptomator.org/donate){ .card-link title="Spenden" }
<details class="downloads" markdown> <details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary> <summary>Downloads</summary>
@ -51,21 +51,21 @@ Some Cryptomator cryptographic libraries have been [audited](https://community.c
Cryptomator's documentation details its intended [security target](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/security-target), [security architecture](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/architecture), and [best practices](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/best-practices) for use in further detail. Cryptomator's documentation details its intended [security target](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/security-target), [security architecture](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/architecture), and [best practices](https://docs.cryptomator.org/en/latest/security/best-practices) for use in further detail.
### Picocrypt (File) ### Picocrypt (Dateien)
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red} - [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red}
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown> <div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Picocrypt logo](assets/img/encryption-software/picocrypt.svg){ align=right } ![Picocrypt-Logo](assets/img/verschluesselungs-software/picocrypt.svg){ align=right }
**Picocrypt** is a small and simple encryption tool that provides modern encryption. Picocrypt uses the secure XChaCha20 cipher and the Argon2id key derivation function to provide a high level of security. It uses Go's standard x/crypto modules for its encryption features. **Picocrypt** ist ein kleines und simples Verschlüsselungstool, das moderne Verschlüsselung bietet. Picocrypt verwendet die sichere XChaCha20-Chiffre und die Argon2id-Schlüsselableitungsfunktion, um ein hohes Maß an Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Es verwendet Go's Standard x/crypto Module für seine Verschlüsselungsfunktionen.
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/Picocrypt/Picocrypt){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/Picocrypt/Picocrypt){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Picocrypt/Picocrypt){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Picocrypt/Picocrypt){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/picocrypt){ .card-link title="Contribute" } [:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/picocrypt){ .card-link title="Spenden" }
<details class="downloads" markdown> <details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary> <summary>Downloads</summary>
@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ Cryptomator's documentation details its intended [security target](https://docs.
</div> </div>
### VeraCrypt (Disk) ### VeraCrypt (Festplatte)
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red} - [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red}
@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ Cryptomator's documentation details its intended [security target](https://docs.
**VeraCrypt** is a source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption. It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication. **VeraCrypt** is a source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption. It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://veracrypt.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://veracrypt.fr){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Documentation.html){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Documentation.html){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/code){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/code){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Donation.html){ .card-link title="Contribute" } [:octicons-heart-16:](https://veracrypt.fr/en/Donation.html){ .card-link title="Spenden" }
<details class="downloads" markdown> <details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary> <summary>Downloads</summary>
@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ When encrypting with VeraCrypt, you have the option to select from different [ha
Truecrypt has been [audited a number of times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueCrypt#Security_audits), and VeraCrypt has also been [audited separately](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeraCrypt#VeraCrypt_audit). Truecrypt has been [audited a number of times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueCrypt#Security_audits), and VeraCrypt has also been [audited separately](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeraCrypt#VeraCrypt_audit).
## OS Full Disk Encryption ## Betriebssystem-Festplatten-Verschlüsselung
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red} - [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red}
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ For encrypting the drive your operating system boots from, we generally recommen
**BitLocker** is the full volume encryption solution bundled with Microsoft Windows. The main reason we recommend it for encrypting your boot drive is because of its [use of TPM](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm). ElcomSoft, a forensics company, has written about this feature in [Understanding BitLocker TPM Protection](https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2021/01/understanding-BitLocker-tpm-protection). **BitLocker** is the full volume encryption solution bundled with Microsoft Windows. The main reason we recommend it for encrypting your boot drive is because of its [use of TPM](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/tpm/how-windows-uses-the-tpm). ElcomSoft, a forensics company, has written about this feature in [Understanding BitLocker TPM Protection](https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2021/01/understanding-BitLocker-tpm-protection).
[:octicons-info-16:](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/BitLocker/BitLocker-overview){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/information-protection/BitLocker/BitLocker-overview){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
</details> </details>
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ For encrypting the drive your operating system boots from, we generally recommen
BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-device-encryption-0c453637-bc88-5f74-5105-741561aae838) on Pro, Enterprise and Education editions of Windows. It can be enabled on Home editions provided that they meet the prerequisites. BitLocker is [only supported](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/turn-on-device-encryption-0c453637-bc88-5f74-5105-741561aae838) on Pro, Enterprise and Education editions of Windows. It can be enabled on Home editions provided that they meet the prerequisites.
<details class="example" markdown> <details class="example" markdown>
<summary>Enabling BitLocker on Windows Home</summary> <summary>Aktivieren von BitLocker unter Windows Home</summary>
To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide. To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions formatted with a [GUID Partition Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table) and have a dedicated TPM (v1.2, 2.0+) module. You may need to [disable the non-Bitlocker "Device encryption" functionality](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/enabling-bitlocker-on-the-windows-11-home-edition/13303/5) (which is inferior because it sends your recovery key to Microsoft's servers) if it is enabled on your device already before following this guide.
@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ To enable BitLocker on "Home" editions of Windows, you must have partitions form
``` ```
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p class="admonition-title">Tipp</p>
Backup `BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt` on your Desktop to a separate storage device. Loss of this recovery code may result in loss of data. Sichere die Datei `BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt` auf deinem Desktop auf einem separaten Speichergerät. Der Verlust dieses Wiederherstellungscodes kann zu Datenverlust führen.
</div> </div>
@ -183,43 +183,43 @@ Backup `BitLocker-Recovery-Key.txt` on your Desktop to a separate storage device
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown> <div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![FileVault logo](assets/img/encryption-software/filevault.png){ align=right } ![FileVault Logo](assets/img/encryption-software/filevault.png){ align=right }
**FileVault** is the on-the-fly volume encryption solution built into macOS. FileVault is recommended because it [leverages](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/volume-encryption-with-filevault-sec4c6dc1b6e/web) hardware security capabilities present on an Apple silicon SoC or T2 Security Chip. **FileVault** ist die in macOS eingebaute "on-the-fly"-Verschlüsselungslösung. FileVault wird empfohlen, da es [gebrauch](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/volume-encryption-with-filevault-sec4c6dc1b6e/web) von den Hardware-Sicherheitsfunktionen auf den Apple-Silicon-SoC und T2-Security-Chip macht.
[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/encrypt-mac-data-with-filevault-mh11785/mac){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/encrypt-mac-data-with-filevault-mh11785/mac){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
</details> </details>
</div> </div>
We recommend storing a local recovery key in a secure place as opposed to using your iCloud account for recovery. Wir empfehlen die Verwendung, eines lokalen Wiederherstellungsschlüssels, der an einem sicheren Ort aufbewahrt wird, anstatt deines iCloud-Kontos für die Wiederherstellung.
### Linux Unified Key Setup ### Linux Unified Key Setup
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown> <div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![LUKS logo](assets/img/encryption-software/luks.png){ align=right } ![LUKS-Logo](assets/img/encryption-software/luks.png){ align=right }
**LUKS** is the default FDE method for Linux. It can be used to encrypt full volumes, partitions, or create encrypted containers. **LUKS** ist die Standard-FDE-Methode für Linux. Es kann zur Verschlüsselung ganzer Volumes, Partitionen oder zur Erstellung verschlüsselter Container verwendet werden.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/blob/main/README.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/blob/main/README.md){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
</details> </details>
</div> </div>
<details class="example" markdown> <details class="example" markdown>
<summary>Creating and opening encrypted containers</summary> <summary>Verschlüsselte Container erstellen und öffnen</summary>
```bash ```bash
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/path-to-file bs=1M count=1024 status=progress dd if=/dev/urandom of=/path-to-file bs=1M count=1024 status=progress
sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /path-to-file sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /path-to-file
``` ```
#### Opening encrypted containers #### Verschlüsselte Container öffnen
We recommend opening containers and volumes with `udisksctl` as this uses [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit). Most file managers, such as those included with popular desktop environments, can unlock encrypted files. Tools like [udiskie](https://github.com/coldfix/udiskie) can run in the system tray and provide a helpful user interface. We recommend opening containers and volumes with `udisksctl` as this uses [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit). Most file managers, such as those included with popular desktop environments, can unlock encrypted files. Tools like [udiskie](https://github.com/coldfix/udiskie) can run in the system tray and provide a helpful user interface.
@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ udisksctl unlock -b /dev/loop0
</details> </details>
<div class="admonition note" markdown> <div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Remember to back up volume headers</p> <p class="admonition-title">Denke daran, den Volume-Header zu sichern</p>
We recommend you always [back up your LUKS headers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Backup_and_restore) in case of partial drive failure. This can be done with: Wir empfehlen dir, im Falle eines teilweisen Laufwerksausfalls immer [eine Sicherungskopie deines LUKS-Header](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Device_encryption#Backup_and_restore) zu erstellen. Dies kann wie folgt durchgeführt werden:
```bash ```bash
cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/device --header-backup-file /mnt/backup/file.img cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/device --header-backup-file /mnt/backup/file.img
@ -241,13 +241,13 @@ cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/device --header-backup-file /mnt/backup/file.im
</div> </div>
## Command-line ## Kommandozeile
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red} - [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red}
Tools with command-line interfaces are useful for integrating [shell scripts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script). Werkzeuge mit Befehlszeilenschnittstellen sind nützlich für die Integration von [Shell-Skripten](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellskript).
### Kryptor ### Kryptor
@ -278,14 +278,14 @@ Tools with command-line interfaces are useful for integrating [shell scripts](ht
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown> <div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![Tomb logo](assets/img/encryption-software/tomb.png){ align=right } ![Tomb-Logo](assets/img/verschlüsselungssoftware/tomb.png){ align=right }
**Tomb** is a command-line shell wrapper for LUKS. It supports steganography via [third-party tools](https://dyne.org/software/tomb/#advanced-usage). **Tomb** ist ein Kommandozeilen-Shell-Wrapper für LUKS. Es unterstützt Steganografie über [Drittanbieter-Tools] (https://dyne.org/software/tomb/#advanced-usage).
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://dyne.org/software/tomb){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://dyne.org/software/tomb){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/wiki){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/wiki){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://dyne.org/donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" } [:octicons-heart-16:](https://dyne.org/donate){ .card-link title="Spenden" }
</details> </details>
@ -293,20 +293,20 @@ Tools with command-line interfaces are useful for integrating [shell scripts](ht
## OpenPGP ## OpenPGP
<small>Protects against the following threat(s):</small> <small>Schützt vor der/den folgenden Bedrohung(en):</small>
- [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red} - [:material-target-account: Targeted Attacks](basics/common-threats.md#attacks-against-specific-individuals ""){.pg-red}
- [:material-bug-outline: Passive Angriffe](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange} - [:material-bug-outline: Passive Angriffe](basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy ""){.pg-orange}
- [:material-server-network: Diensteanbieter](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers ""){.pg-teal} - [:material-server-network: Diensteanbieter](basics/common-threats.md#privacy-from-service-providers ""){.pg-teal}
OpenPGP is sometimes needed for specific tasks such as digitally signing and encrypting email. PGP has many features and is [complex](https://latacora.micro.blog/2019/07/16/the-pgp-problem.html) as it has been around a long time. For tasks such as signing or encrypting files, we suggest the above options. OpenPGP wird manchmal für spezielle Aufgaben benötigt, z. B. zum digitalen Signieren und Verschlüsseln von E-Mails. PGP hat viele Funktionen und ist [komplex](https://latacora.micro.blog/2019/07/16/the-pgp-problem.html), da es schon lange existiert. Wenn du Dateien signieren oder verschlüsseln willst, empfehlen wir die oben genannten Optionen.
When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in your `gpg.conf` file. We recommend staying with the standard options specified in the [GnuPG user FAQ](https://gnupg.org/faq/gnupg-faq.html#new_user_gpg_conf). When encrypting with PGP, you have the option to configure different options in your `gpg.conf` file. We recommend staying with the standard options specified in the [GnuPG user FAQ](https://gnupg.org/faq/gnupg-faq.html#new_user_gpg_conf).
<div class="admonition tip" markdown> <div class="admonition tip" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Use future defaults when generating a key</p> <p class="admonition-title">Verwende Future-Defaults, wenn du Schlüssel generierst</p>
When [generating keys](https://gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html) we suggest using the `future-default` command as this will instruct GnuPG use modern cryptography such as [Curve25519](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519#History) and [Ed25519](https://ed25519.cr.yp.to): Bei der [Schlüsselgenerierung](https://gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html) empfehlen wir die Verwendung des Befehls `future-default`, da dies GnuPG anweist, moderne Kryptographie wie [Curve25519](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve25519#History) und [Ed25519](https://ed25519.cr.yp.to) zu verwenden:
```bash ```bash
gpg --quick-gen-key alice@example.com future-default gpg --quick-gen-key alice@example.com future-default
@ -365,24 +365,24 @@ gpg --quick-gen-key alice@example.com future-default
### GPG Suite ### GPG Suite
<div class="admonition note" markdown> <div class="admonition note" markdown>
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="admonition-title">Anmerkung</p>
We suggest [Canary Mail](email-clients.md#canary-mail-ios) for using PGP with email on iOS devices. Wir empfehlen [Canary Mail](email-clients.md#canary-mail-ios) für die Verwendung von PGP mit E-Mails auf iOS-Geräten.
</div> </div>
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown> <div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
![GPG Suite logo](assets/img/encryption-software/gpgsuite.png){ align=right } ![GPG Suite-Logo](assets/img/verschlüsselungssoftware/gpgsuite.png){ align=right }
**GPG Suite** provides OpenPGP support for [Apple Mail](email-clients.md#apple-mail-macos) and macOS. **GPG Suite** bietet OpenPGP-Unterstützung für [Apple Mail](email-clients.md#apple-mail-macos) und macOS.
We recommend taking a look at their [First steps](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb/how-to/first-steps-where-do-i-start-where-do-i-begin-setup-gpgtools-create-a-new-key-your-first-encrypted-email) and [Knowledge Base](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb) for support. We recommend taking a look at their [First steps](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb/how-to/first-steps-where-do-i-start-where-do-i-begin-setup-gpgtools-create-a-new-key-your-first-encrypted-email) and [Knowledge Base](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb) for support.
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gpgtools.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://gpgtools.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gpgtools.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } [:octicons-eye-16:](https://gpgtools.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Datenschutzrichtlinie" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com/kb){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GPGTools){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GPGTools){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
<details class="downloads" markdown> <details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary> <summary>Downloads</summary>
@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ We recommend taking a look at their [First steps](https://gpgtools.tenderapp.com
</div> </div>
Currently, GPG Suite does [not yet](https://gpgtools.com/sonoma) have a stable release for macOS Sonoma. Derzeit gibt es [noch keine](https://gpgtools.com/sonoma) stabile Version von GPG Suite für macOS Sonoma.
### OpenKeychain ### OpenKeychain
@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ Currently, GPG Suite does [not yet](https://gpgtools.com/sonoma) have a stable r
**OpenKeychain** is an Android implementation of GnuPG. It's commonly required by mail clients such as [K-9 Mail](email-clients.md#k-9-mail-android) and [FairEmail](email-clients.md#fairemail-android) and other Android apps to provide encryption support. Cure53 completed a [security audit](https://openkeychain.org/openkeychain-3-6) of OpenKeychain 3.6 in October 2015. Technical details about the audit and OpenKeychain's solutions can be found [here](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain/wiki/cure53-Security-Audit-2015). **OpenKeychain** is an Android implementation of GnuPG. It's commonly required by mail clients such as [K-9 Mail](email-clients.md#k-9-mail-android) and [FairEmail](email-clients.md#fairemail-android) and other Android apps to provide encryption support. Cure53 completed a [security audit](https://openkeychain.org/openkeychain-3-6) of OpenKeychain 3.6 in October 2015. Technical details about the audit and OpenKeychain's solutions can be found [here](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain/wiki/cure53-Security-Audit-2015).
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://openkeychain.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://openkeychain.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://openkeychain.org/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" } [:octicons-eye-16:](https://openkeychain.org/help/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Datenschutzrichtlinie" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://openkeychain.org/faq){ .card-link title="Documentation" } [:octicons-info-16:](https://openkeychain.org/faq){ .card-link title="Dokumentation" }
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain){ .card-link title="Source Code" } [:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain){ .card-link title="Quellcode" }
<details class="downloads" markdown> <details class="downloads" markdown>
<summary>Downloads</summary> <summary>Downloads</summary>
@ -417,20 +417,20 @@ Currently, GPG Suite does [not yet](https://gpgtools.com/sonoma) have a stable r
</div> </div>
## Criteria ## Kriterien
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you. **Bitte beachte, dass wir mit keinem der Projekte, die wir empfehlen, in Verbindung stehen.** Zusätzlich zu unseren [Standardkriterien](about/criteria.md) haben wir eine Reihe klarer Anforderungen entwickelt, die es uns ermöglichen, objektive Empfehlungen zu geben. Wir empfehlen dir, dich mit der Liste vertraut zu machen, bevor du dich für ein Projekt entscheidest, und deine eigenen Recherchen anzustellen, um sicherzustellen, dass es die richtige Wahl für dich ist.
### Minimum Qualifications ### Mindestanforderungen
- Cross-platform encryption apps must be open source. - Plattformübergreifende Verschlüsselungsanwendungen müssen quelloffen sein.
- File encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows. - Anwendungen zur Dateiverschlüsselung müssen die Entschlüsselung unter Linux, macOS und Windows unterstützen.
- External disk encryption apps must support decryption on Linux, macOS, and Windows. - Anwendungen zur Verschlüsselung externer Festplatten müssen die Entschlüsselung unter Linux, macOS und Windows unterstützen.
- Internal (OS) disk encryption apps must be cross-platform or built in to the operating system natively. - Internal (OS) disk encryption apps must be cross-platform or built in to the operating system natively.
### Best-Case ### Im besten Fall
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page. Unsere Best-Case-Kriterien stellen dar, was wir uns von einem perfekten Projekt in dieser Kategorie wünschen würden. Unsere Empfehlungen enthalten möglicherweise keine oder nicht alle dieser Merkmale, aber diejenigen, die sie enthalten, werden möglicherweise höher eingestuft als andere auf dieser Seite.
- Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave. - Operating System (FDE) encryption apps should utilize hardware security such as a TPM or Secure Enclave.
- File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms. - File encryption apps should have first- or third-party support for mobile platforms.