From b96150c442243c0043b82d2bc0e0f5a63898ec11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Crowdin Bot Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2025 03:35:04 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action --- i18n/ar/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/bn-IN/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/bn/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/cs/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/de/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/el/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/eo/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/es/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/fa/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/fr/os/linux-overview.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/he/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/hi/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/hu/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/it/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/ja/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/ko/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/ku-IQ/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/nl/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/pl/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/pt-BR/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/pt/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/ru/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/sv/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/tr/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/uk/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/vi/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/zh-Hant/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/zh-TW/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- i18n/zh/os/linux-overview.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- 30 files changed, 576 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) diff --git a/i18n/ar/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/ar/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/ar/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/ar/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/bn-IN/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/bn-IN/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/bn-IN/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/bn-IN/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/bn/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/bn/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/bn/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/bn/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/cs/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/cs/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/cs/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/cs/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/de/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/de/os/linux-overview.md index bb4d7ac1..41d84940 100644 --- a/i18n/de/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/de/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/el/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/el/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/el/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/el/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/eo/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/eo/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/eo/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/eo/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/es/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/es/os/linux-overview.md index 83506931..45144b14 100644 --- a/i18n/es/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/es/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Muchas alternativas aún no ofrecen estos mismos controles de permisos,[^1] mien Muchas distribuciones Linux de escritorio (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) vienen con [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) para configurar los ajustes de Ethernet y Wi-Fi. -Es posible [aleatorizar](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) la [dirección MAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) cuando se utiliza NetworkManager. Esto proporciona un poco más de privacidad en las redes Wi-Fi, ya que hace más difícil rastrear dispositivos específicos en la red a la que estás conectado. [**No**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) te hace anónimo. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Esto proporciona un poco más de privacidad en las redes Wi-Fi, ya que hace más difícil rastrear dispositivos específicos en la red a la que estás conectado. [**No**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) te hace anónimo. -Recomendamos cambiar la configuración a **aleatoria** en lugar de **estable**, como se sugiere en el [artículo](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. Si estás utilizando [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), necesitarás configurar [`MACAddressPolicy=aleatorio`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) que activará [RFC 7844 (Perfiles de Anonimato para Clientes DHCP)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/fa/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/fa/os/linux-overview.md index c5c00159..037f1b69 100644 --- a/i18n/fa/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/fa/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/fr/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/fr/os/linux-overview.md index 753e5d8c..4f86fb8c 100644 --- a/i18n/fr/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/fr/os/linux-overview.md @@ -157,9 +157,32 @@ De nombreuses alternatives n'offrent pas encore ces mêmes contrôles d'autorisa De nombreuses distributions Linux de bureau (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) sont livrées avec [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) pour configurer les paramètres Ethernet et Wi-Fi. -Il est possible de [rendre aléatoire](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) l'[adresse MAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) lors de l'utilisation de NetworkManager. Cela permet de protéger un peu plus la vie privée sur les réseaux Wi-Fi, car il est plus difficile de suivre des appareils spécifiques sur le réseau auquel vous êtes connecté. Cela ne vous rend [**pas**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) anonyme. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Cela permet de protéger un peu plus la vie privée sur les réseaux Wi-Fi, car il est plus difficile de suivre des appareils spécifiques sur le réseau auquel vous êtes connecté. Cela ne vous rend [**pas**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) anonyme. -Nous vous recommandons de changer le paramètre en **aléatoire** au lieu de **stable**, comme suggéré dans l'[article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + + + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + + + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. Si vous utilisez [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), vous devrez définir [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) ce qui activera la [RFC 7844 (Profils d'anonymat pour les clients DHCP)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/he/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/he/os/linux-overview.md index 47468991..eb366730 100644 --- a/i18n/he/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/he/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so הפצות רבות של לינוקס לשולחן העבודה (Fedora, openSUSE וכו') מגיעות עם [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) כדי להגדיר הגדרות Ethernet ו-Wi-Fi. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. זה מספק קצת יותר פרטיות ברשתות Wi-Fi מכיוון שהוא מקשה על מעקב אחר מכשירים ספציפיים ברשת שאליה אתה מחובר. זה [**לא**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) הופך אותך לאנונימי. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. זה מספק קצת יותר פרטיות ברשתות Wi-Fi מכיוון שהוא מקשה על מעקב אחר מכשירים ספציפיים ברשת שאליה אתה מחובר. זה [**לא**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) הופך אותך לאנונימי. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/hi/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/hi/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/hi/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/hi/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/hu/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/hu/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/hu/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/hu/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md index 5a95f6d2..e861fb6c 100644 --- a/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/id/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/it/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/it/os/linux-overview.md index 2e8d691d..e04d8f1c 100644 --- a/i18n/it/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/it/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Molte distribuzioni di Linux per desktop (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.), dispongono di [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) per configurare le impostazioni Ethernet e Wi-Fi. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Ciò fornisce una privacy lievemente migliore sulle reti Wi-Fi, complicando il tracciamento di dispositivi specifici sulla rete cui sei connesso. [**Non**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) ti rende anonimo. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Ciò fornisce una privacy lievemente migliore sulle reti Wi-Fi, complicando il tracciamento di dispositivi specifici sulla rete cui sei connesso. [**Non**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) ti rende anonimo. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. Se stai utilizzando [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), dovrai impostare [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) che abiliterà [RFC 7844 (Profili di Anonimato per i Client DHCP)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/ja/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/ja/os/linux-overview.md index fafa814a..3e4c8ffb 100644 --- a/i18n/ja/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/ja/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/ko/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/ko/os/linux-overview.md index f59e5ffb..60df5ca7 100644 --- a/i18n/ko/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/ko/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/ku-IQ/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/ku-IQ/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/nl/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/nl/os/linux-overview.md index d7c30416..8a7394aa 100644 --- a/i18n/nl/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/nl/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Dit zorgt voor wat meer privacy op Wi-Fi-netwerken, omdat het moeilijker wordt specifieke apparaten op het netwerk waarmee u verbonden bent, te traceren. Het doet [**niet**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) maakt je anoniem. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Dit zorgt voor wat meer privacy op Wi-Fi-netwerken, omdat het moeilijker wordt specifieke apparaten op het netwerk waarmee u verbonden bent, te traceren. Het doet [**niet**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) maakt je anoniem. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/pl/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/pl/os/linux-overview.md index 307299e7..b770543a 100644 --- a/i18n/pl/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/pl/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/pt-BR/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/pt-BR/os/linux-overview.md index f8fa9462..a7440c5d 100644 --- a/i18n/pt-BR/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/pt-BR/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/pt/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/pt/os/linux-overview.md index 1a2adb28..38b493e8 100644 --- a/i18n/pt/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/pt/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/ru/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/ru/os/linux-overview.md index 2fad42c0..fbd8d5ac 100644 --- a/i18n/ru/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/ru/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Это обеспечивает большую конфиденциальность в сетях Wi-Fi, так как затрудняет отслеживание конкретных устройств в сети, к которой вы подключены. Это [**не**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) делает вас анонимным. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Это обеспечивает большую конфиденциальность в сетях Wi-Fi, так как затрудняет отслеживание конкретных устройств в сети, к которой вы подключены. Это [**не**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) делает вас анонимным. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/sv/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/sv/os/linux-overview.md index cf369df0..63418e9f 100644 --- a/i18n/sv/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/sv/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Detta ger lite mer integritet i Wi-Fi-nätverk eftersom det är svårare att spåra specifika enheter i nätverket du är ansluten till. Den [**gör dig inte anonym**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf). +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Detta ger lite mer integritet i Wi-Fi-nätverk eftersom det är svårare att spåra specifika enheter i nätverket du är ansluten till. Den [**gör dig inte anonym**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf). -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/tr/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/tr/os/linux-overview.md index fe456aff..47c2cb63 100644 --- a/i18n/tr/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/tr/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Birçok alternatif henüz aynı izin kontrollerini sağlamıyor,[^1] Bazıları Birçok masaüstü Linux dağıtımı (Fedora, openSUSE, vb.) Ethernet ve Wi-Fi ayarlarını yapılandırmak için [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) ile birlikte gelir. -NetworkManager kullanırken [MAC adresini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) [rastgele ayarlamak](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) mümkündür. Bu, bağlı olduğunuz ağdaki belirli cihazların izlenmesini zorlaştırdığı için Wi-Fi ağlarında biraz daha fazla gizlilik sağlar. Öyle. [**değil**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) seni anonim yapar. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. Bu, bağlı olduğunuz ağdaki belirli cihazların izlenmesini zorlaştırdığı için Wi-Fi ağlarında biraz daha fazla gizlilik sağlar. Öyle. [**değil**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) seni anonim yapar. -[Makalede](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) önerildiği gibi ayarı **sabit** yerine **rastgele** olarak değiştirmenizi öneririz. +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. Eğer [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components) kullanıyorsanız, şunları ayarlamanız gerekecektir [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=)[RFC 7844'ü (DHCP İstemcileri için Anonimlik Profilleri)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=) etkinleştirecektir. diff --git a/i18n/uk/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/uk/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/uk/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/uk/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/vi/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/vi/os/linux-overview.md index 7ac1de44..d1f999a8 100644 --- a/i18n/vi/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/vi/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous. -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=). diff --git a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/linux-overview.md index 1adf75fa..e284265a 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-Hant/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/zh-Hant/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Linux 發行版，如 [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre) 許多桌面 Linux 發行版（Fedora、openSUSE等）自帶 [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) 來設定乙太網路和 Wi-Fi。 -對於使用 NetworkManager 的人， [隨機化](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) [MAC 位址](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) 是可行的。 這在Wi-Fi 上提供了更多隱私，因為這讓追踪所連網路的特定設備變得更困難。 但這 [**並不是**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 讓您匿名。 +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. 這在Wi-Fi 上提供了更多隱私，因為這讓追踪所連網路的特定設備變得更困難。 但這 [**並不是**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 讓您匿名。 -建議將設定更改為**隨機**，而不是**穩定**，如[這篇文章的說明](https: // fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm)。 +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. 如果使用 [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components)，則需要設定 [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop. org/software /systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) 這將啟用[RFC 7844（DHCP 用戶端的匿名設定檔）](https://freedesktop.org/software/ systemd/man /systemd.network.html#Anonymize=)。 diff --git a/i18n/zh-TW/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/zh-TW/os/linux-overview.md index 1adf75fa..e284265a 100644 --- a/i18n/zh-TW/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/zh-TW/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Linux 發行版，如 [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre) 許多桌面 Linux 發行版（Fedora、openSUSE等）自帶 [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) 來設定乙太網路和 Wi-Fi。 -對於使用 NetworkManager 的人， [隨機化](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) [MAC 位址](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) 是可行的。 這在Wi-Fi 上提供了更多隱私，因為這讓追踪所連網路的特定設備變得更困難。 但這 [**並不是**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 讓您匿名。 +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. 這在Wi-Fi 上提供了更多隱私，因為這讓追踪所連網路的特定設備變得更困難。 但這 [**並不是**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 讓您匿名。 -建議將設定更改為**隨機**，而不是**穩定**，如[這篇文章的說明](https: // fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm)。 +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. 如果使用 [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components)，則需要設定 [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop. org/software /systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) 這將啟用[RFC 7844（DHCP 用戶端的匿名設定檔）](https://freedesktop.org/software/ systemd/man /systemd.network.html#Anonymize=)。 diff --git a/i18n/zh/os/linux-overview.md b/i18n/zh/os/linux-overview.md index b14b5f9b..2f3c93f7 100644 --- a/i18n/zh/os/linux-overview.md +++ b/i18n/zh/os/linux-overview.md @@ -136,9 +136,26 @@ Many alternatives don't provide these same permission controls yet,[^1] while so Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager) to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings. -It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. 这在Wi-Fi网络上提供了更多的隐私，因为它使你更难追踪你所连接的网络上的特定设备。 它并不是 [****](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 让你匿名。 +It is possible to randomize the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. 这在Wi-Fi网络上提供了更多的隐私，因为它使你更难追踪你所连接的网络上的特定设备。 它并不是 [****](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 让你匿名。 -We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm). +In the terminal, create a new file `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf` and add the following to it: + +```text +[device] +wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes + +[connection] +wifi.cloned-mac-address=random +ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random +``` + +Then, restart NetworkManager: + +```sh +systemctl restart NetworkManager +``` + +Optionally, changing the connection parameter from `random` to `stable` will give you a random MAC address *per network*, but keep it stable for that network when you reconnect to it later. Using `random` will give you a random MAC address *per connection*. This may be desirable for networks with captive portals or where you have a static DHCP assignment, at the expense of making you more identifiable by a single network operator you connect to multiple times. If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=).