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New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action
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Crowdin Bot
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ cover: desktop.webp
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{ align=right }
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**Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora通常在其他发行版之前采用较新的技术，例如： [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org)。 这些新技术往往伴随着安全、隐私和总体可用性的改进。
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**Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies before other distributions e.g., [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org). 这些新技术往往伴随着安全、隐私和总体可用性的改进。
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/workstation/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/workstation){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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Fedora有一个半滚动的发布周期。 虽然有些软件包如 [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org) 被冻结到下一个 Fedora 版本，但大多数软件包(包括内核)在整个发行期都会频繁更新。 每个Fedora版本都支持一年，每6个月发布一个新版本。
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Fedora有一个半滚动的发布周期。 While some packages like [GNOME](https://gnome.org) are frozen until the next Fedora release, most packages (including the kernel) are updated frequently throughout the lifespan of the release. 每个Fedora版本都支持一年，每6个月发布一个新版本。
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### openSUSE Tumbleweed
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@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ Fedora有一个半滚动的发布周期。 虽然有些软件包如 [GNOME](http
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**openSUSE Tumbleweed**是一个稳定的滚动发布版本。
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openSUSE Tumbleweed 有一个 [事务性更新](https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-04-transactionalupdates/) 系统，使用 [Btrfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs) 和 [Snapper](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Snapper_Tutorial) 来确保快照在出现问题时可以回滚。
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openSUSE Tumbleweed has a [transactional update](https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-04-transactionalupdates) system that uses [Btrfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs) and [Snapper](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Snapper_Tutorial) to ensure that snapshots can be rolled back should there be a problem.
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://getfedora.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=文档}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://shop.opensuse.org/){ .card-link title=贡献 }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://get.opensuse.org/tumbleweed){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://doc.opensuse.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://shop.opensuse.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ Tumbleweed采用的是滚动发布模式，每次更新都是以快照的形式
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**Arch Linux**是一个轻量级的、自己动手的（DIY）发行版，意味着你只得到你所安装的东西。 更多信息见他们的 [FAQ]（https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Frequently_asked_questions）。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://getfedora.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=文档}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://archlinux.org/donate/){ .card-link title=贡献 }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://archlinux.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://wiki.archlinux.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://archlinux.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -83,22 +83,22 @@ Arch Linux有一个滚动的发布周期。 没有固定的发布时间表，软
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**Fedora Atomic Desktops** are variants of Fedora which use the `rpm-ostree` package manager and have a strong focus on containerized workflows and Flatpak for desktop applications. All of these variants follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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The [Fedora Atomic Desktops](https://fedoramagazine.org/introducing-fedora-atomic-desktops/) come in a variety of flavors depending on the desktop environment you prefer, such as **Fedora Silverblue** (which comes with [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/)), **Fedora Kinoite**, (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org/)), **Fedora Sway Atomic**, or **Fedora Budgie Atomic**. However, we don't recommend the last of these as the Budgie desktop environment [still requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland).
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The [Fedora Atomic Desktops](https://fedoramagazine.org/introducing-fedora-atomic-desktops) come in a variety of flavors depending on the desktop environment you prefer, such as **Fedora Silverblue** (which comes with [GNOME](https://gnome.org)), **Fedora Kinoite**, (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org)), **Fedora Sway Atomic**, or **Fedora Budgie Atomic**. However, we don't recommend the last of these as the Budgie desktop environment [still requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland).
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These operating systems differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf/) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
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These operating systems differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
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After the update is complete you will reboot the system into the new deployment. `rpm-ostree` keeps two deployments of the system so that you can easily rollback if something breaks in the new deployment. There is also the option to pin more deployments as needed.
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[Flatpak](https://www.flatpak.org) is the primary package installation method on these distributions, as `rpm-ostree` is only meant to overlay packages that cannot stay inside of a container on top of the base image.
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[Flatpak](https://flatpak.org) is the primary package installation method on these distributions, as `rpm-ostree` is only meant to overlay packages that cannot stay inside of a container on top of the base image.
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As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox/) to create [Podman](https://podman.io) containers with a shared home directory with the host operating system and mimic a traditional Fedora environment, which is a [useful feature](https://containertoolbx.org) for the discerning developer.
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As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox) to create [Podman](https://podman.io) containers with a shared home directory with the host operating system and mimic a traditional Fedora environment, which is a [useful feature](https://containertoolbx.org) for the discerning developer.
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### NixOS
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@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fed
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NixOS是一个基于Nix软件包管理器的独立发行版，注重可重复性和可靠性。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://nixos.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://nixos.org/learn.html){ .card-link title=文档}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nixos.org/donate.html){ .card-link title=贡献 }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nixos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://nixos.org/learn.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nixos.org/donate.html){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ Nix is a source-based package manager; if there’s no pre-built available in th
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**Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](#kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. 它的目的是在互联网上提供隐私、安全和匿名性。 Whonix最好与[Qubes OS]（#qubes-os）一起使用。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://www.whonix.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://www.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="洋葱服务" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=文档}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=贡献 }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://whonix.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://whonix.org/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whonix.org/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ Nix is a source-based package manager; if there’s no pre-built available in th
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Whonix is meant to run as two virtual machines: a “Workstation” and a Tor “Gateway.” All communications from the Workstation must go through the Tor gateway. This means that even if the Workstation is compromised by malware of some kind, the true IP address remains hidden.
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Some of its features include Tor Stream Isolation, [keystroke anonymization](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Keystroke_Deanonymization#Kloak), [encrypted swap](https://github.com/Whonix/swap-file-creator), and a hardened memory allocator. Future versions of Whonix will likely include [full system AppArmor policies](https://github.com/Whonix/apparmor-profile-everything) and a [sandbox app launcher](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Sandbox-app-launcher) to fully confine all processes on the system.
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Some of its features include Tor Stream Isolation, [keystroke anonymization](https://whonix.org/wiki/Keystroke_Deanonymization#Kloak), [encrypted swap](https://github.com/Whonix/swap-file-creator), and a hardened memory allocator. Future versions of Whonix will likely include [full system AppArmor policies](https://github.com/Whonix/apparmor-profile-everything) and a [sandbox app launcher](https://whonix.org/wiki/Sandbox-app-launcher) to fully confine all processes on the system.
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Whonix is best used [in conjunction with Qubes](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/Why_use_Qubes_over_other_Virtualizers). We have a [recommended guide](os/qubes-overview.md#connecting-to-tor-via-a-vpn) on configuring Whonix in conjunction with a VPN ProxyVM in Qubes to hide your Tor activities from your ISP.
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Whonix is best used [in conjunction with Qubes](https://whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/Why_use_Qubes_over_other_Virtualizers). We have a [recommended guide](os/qubes-overview.md#connecting-to-tor-via-a-vpn) on configuring Whonix in conjunction with a VPN ProxyVM in Qubes to hide your Tor activities from your ISP.
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### Tails
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@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ Whonix is best used [in conjunction with Qubes](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qube
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**Tails**是一个基于Debian的实时操作系统，它通过Tor路由所有的通信，它可以从DVD、U盘或SD卡安装在几乎任何电脑上启动。 它使用 [Tor]（tor.md）来保护隐私和匿名，同时规避审查制度，而且在关闭电源后，它不会在其使用的计算机上留下任何痕迹。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://tails.boum.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html){ .card-link title=文档}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tails.boum.org/donate/){ .card-link title=贡献 }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tails.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tails.net/doc/index.en.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tails.net/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Tails is great for counter forensics due to amnesia (meaning nothing is written
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Tails includes [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origin) in Tor Browser by default, which may potentially make it easier for adversaries to fingerprint Tails users. [Whonix](desktop.md#whonix) virtual machines may be more leak-proof, however they are not amnesic, meaning data may be recovered from your storage device.
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By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypted [persistent storage](https://tails.boum.org/doc/persistent_storage/index.en.html) can be configured to store some data between reboots.
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By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypted [persistent storage](https://tails.net/doc/persistent_storage/index.en.html) can be configured to store some data between reboots.
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## 以安全为重点的发行版
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**Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (or "qubes"). Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux. It can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.qubes-os.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://qubes-os.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://qubesosfasa4zl44o4tws22di6kepyzfeqv3tg4e3ztknltfxqrymdad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://qubes-os.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://qubes-os.org/doc){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://qubes-os.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -215,11 +215,11 @@ While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually ou
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**Kicksecure**—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. 它默认涵盖了大量的隐私和加固建议。 It also serves as the base OS for [Whonix](#whonix).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.kicksecure.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://kicksecure.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kicksecure){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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