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New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action
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Crowdin Bot
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ cover: desktop.webp
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{ align=right }
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**Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora обычно внедряет новые технологии раньше других дистрибутивов, например [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org). Эти новые технологии часто улучшают безопасность, конфиденциальность и удобство использования в целом.
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**Fedora Workstation** is our recommended distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies before other distributions e.g., [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org), [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org). Эти новые технологии часто улучшают безопасность, конфиденциальность и удобство использования в целом.
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://fedoraproject.org/workstation/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs/){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/workstation){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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Fedora имеет \[полу-плавающий\](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_release) цикл релиза. В то время как некоторые пакеты, такие как [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org), замораживаются до следующего выпуска Fedora, большинство пакетов (включая ядро) часто обновляются в течение всего срока жизни релиза. Каждый выпуск Fedora поддерживается в течение одного года, а новая версия выходит каждые 6 месяцев.
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Fedora имеет \[полу-плавающий\](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_release) цикл релиза. While some packages like [GNOME](https://gnome.org) are frozen until the next Fedora release, most packages (including the kernel) are updated frequently throughout the lifespan of the release. Каждый выпуск Fedora поддерживается в течение одного года, а новая версия выходит каждые 6 месяцев.
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### openSUSE Tumbleweed
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@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ Fedora имеет \[полу-плавающий\](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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**openSUSE Tumbleweed** - стабильный дистрибутив с [плавающей системой релизов](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_release).
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openSUSE Tumbleweed имеет систему [транзакционного обновления](https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-04-transactionalupdates/), которая использует [Btrfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs) и [Snapper](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Snapper_Tutorial) для обеспечения возможности отката моментальных снимков системы в случае возникновения проблем.
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openSUSE Tumbleweed has a [transactional update](https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-04-transactionalupdates) system that uses [Btrfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs) and [Snapper](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Snapper_Tutorial) to ensure that snapshots can be rolled back should there be a problem.
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://get.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://doc.opensuse.org/){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://shop.opensuse.org/){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://get.opensuse.org/tumbleweed){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://doc.opensuse.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://shop.opensuse.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ Tumbleweed следует модели плавающего релиза, ког
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**Arch Linux** - это легкий, "сделай сам" (DIY) дистрибутив, означающий, что вы получаете только то, что устанавливаете. Более подробную информацию можно найти на их сайте [FAQ](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Frequently_asked_questions).
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://archlinux.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://wiki.archlinux.org/){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://archlinux.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://archlinux.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://wiki.archlinux.org){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://archlinux.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -83,22 +83,22 @@ Arch Linux имеет плавающий цикл релиза. Не сущес
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**Fedora Atomic Desktops** are variants of Fedora which use the `rpm-ostree` package manager and have a strong focus on containerized workflows and Flatpak for desktop applications. All of these variants follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whatcanidoforfedora.org){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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</div>
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The [Fedora Atomic Desktops](https://fedoramagazine.org/introducing-fedora-atomic-desktops/) come in a variety of flavors depending on the desktop environment you prefer, such as **Fedora Silverblue** (which comes with [GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/)), **Fedora Kinoite**, (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org/)), **Fedora Sway Atomic**, or **Fedora Budgie Atomic**. However, we don't recommend the last of these as the Budgie desktop environment [still requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland).
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The [Fedora Atomic Desktops](https://fedoramagazine.org/introducing-fedora-atomic-desktops) come in a variety of flavors depending on the desktop environment you prefer, such as **Fedora Silverblue** (which comes with [GNOME](https://gnome.org)), **Fedora Kinoite**, (which comes with [KDE](https://kde.org)), **Fedora Sway Atomic**, or **Fedora Budgie Atomic**. However, we don't recommend the last of these as the Budgie desktop environment [still requires X11](https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/wayland).
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These operating systems differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf/) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree/). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
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These operating systems differ from Fedora Workstation as they replace the [DNF](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf) package manager with a much more advanced alternative called [`rpm-ostree`](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/package-management/rpm-ostree). The `rpm-ostree` package manager works by downloading a base image for the system, then overlaying packages over it in a [git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)-like commit tree. When the system is updated, a new base image is downloaded and the overlays will be applied to that new image.
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After the update is complete you will reboot the system into the new deployment. `rpm-ostree` keeps two deployments of the system so that you can easily rollback if something breaks in the new deployment. There is also the option to pin more deployments as needed.
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[Flatpak](https://www.flatpak.org) is the primary package installation method on these distributions, as `rpm-ostree` is only meant to overlay packages that cannot stay inside of a container on top of the base image.
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[Flatpak](https://flatpak.org) is the primary package installation method on these distributions, as `rpm-ostree` is only meant to overlay packages that cannot stay inside of a container on top of the base image.
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As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox/) to create [Podman](https://podman.io) containers with a shared home directory with the host operating system and mimic a traditional Fedora environment, which is a [useful feature](https://containertoolbx.org) for the discerning developer.
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As an alternative to Flatpaks, there is the option of [Toolbox](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/toolbox) to create [Podman](https://podman.io) containers with a shared home directory with the host operating system and mimic a traditional Fedora environment, which is a [useful feature](https://containertoolbx.org) for the discerning developer.
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### NixOS
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NixOS - это независимый дистрибутив, основанный на пакетном менеджере Nix с акцентом на воспроизводимость и надежность.
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://nixos.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://nixos.org/learn.html){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nixos.org/donate.html){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://nixos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://nixos.org/learn.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://nixos.org/donate.html){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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**Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](#kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. Его цель - обеспечить конфиденциальность, безопасность и анонимность в интернете. Whonix лучше всего использовать в сочетании с [Qubes OS](#qubes-os).
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://www.whonix.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://www.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Сервис Onion" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://whonix.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://whonix.org/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://whonix.org/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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Whonix is meant to run as two virtual machines: a “Workstation” and a Tor “Gateway.” All communications from the Workstation must go through the Tor gateway. This means that even if the Workstation is compromised by malware of some kind, the true IP address remains hidden.
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Some of its features include Tor Stream Isolation, [keystroke anonymization](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Keystroke_Deanonymization#Kloak), [encrypted swap](https://github.com/Whonix/swap-file-creator), and a hardened memory allocator. Future versions of Whonix will likely include [full system AppArmor policies](https://github.com/Whonix/apparmor-profile-everything) and a [sandbox app launcher](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Sandbox-app-launcher) to fully confine all processes on the system.
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Some of its features include Tor Stream Isolation, [keystroke anonymization](https://whonix.org/wiki/Keystroke_Deanonymization#Kloak), [encrypted swap](https://github.com/Whonix/swap-file-creator), and a hardened memory allocator. Future versions of Whonix will likely include [full system AppArmor policies](https://github.com/Whonix/apparmor-profile-everything) and a [sandbox app launcher](https://whonix.org/wiki/Sandbox-app-launcher) to fully confine all processes on the system.
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Whonix is best used [in conjunction with Qubes](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/Why_use_Qubes_over_other_Virtualizers). We have a [recommended guide](os/qubes-overview.md#connecting-to-tor-via-a-vpn) on configuring Whonix in conjunction with a VPN ProxyVM in Qubes to hide your Tor activities from your ISP.
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Whonix is best used [in conjunction with Qubes](https://whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/Why_use_Qubes_over_other_Virtualizers). We have a [recommended guide](os/qubes-overview.md#connecting-to-tor-via-a-vpn) on configuring Whonix in conjunction with a VPN ProxyVM in Qubes to hide your Tor activities from your ISP.
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### Tails
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**Tails** - это операционная система, основанная на Debian и направляющая все коммуникации через Tor, которая может загружаться практически на любом компьютере с DVD или USB-накопителя или SD-карты. Она использует [Tor](tor.md) для сохранения конфиденциальности и анонимности, обходя цензуру и не оставляет следов на используемом компьютере после выключения.
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[:octicons-home-16: Домашняя страница](https://tails.boum.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html){ .card-link title=Документация}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tails.boum.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Поддержать }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tails.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://tails.net/doc/index.en.html){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://tails.net/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Tails is great for counter forensics due to amnesia (meaning nothing is written
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Tails includes [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origin) in Tor Browser by default, which may potentially make it easier for adversaries to fingerprint Tails users. [Whonix](desktop.md#whonix) virtual machines may be more leak-proof, however they are not amnesic, meaning data may be recovered from your storage device.
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By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypted [persistent storage](https://tails.boum.org/doc/persistent_storage/index.en.html) can be configured to store some data between reboots.
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By design, Tails is meant to completely reset itself after each reboot. Encrypted [persistent storage](https://tails.net/doc/persistent_storage/index.en.html) can be configured to store some data between reboots.
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## Дистрибутивы для безопасности
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**Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (or "qubes"). Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux. It can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.qubes-os.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://qubes-os.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://qubesosfasa4zl44o4tws22di6kepyzfeqv3tg4e3ztknltfxqrymdad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS/){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://qubes-os.org/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://qubes-os.org/doc){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/QubesOS){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://qubes-os.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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@@ -215,11 +215,11 @@ While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually ou
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**Kicksecure**—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. Он охватывает множество рекомендаций по обеспечению конфиденциальности и усилению защиты, без необходимости дополнительной настройки. It also serves as the base OS for [Whonix](#whonix).
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.kicksecure.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://kicksecure.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Documentation){ .card-link title=Documentation }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/Kicksecure){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://kicksecure.com/wiki/Donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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</details>
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Reference in New Issue
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