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New Crowdin translations by GitHub Action
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Crowdin Bot
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---
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meta_title: "Android Recommendations: GrapheneOS and DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
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meta_title: "Android 推薦: GrapheneOS 與 DivestOS - Privacy Guides"
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title: "安卓"
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icon: 'simple/android'
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description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
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description: Android 手機可考慮使用這些更為安全與尊重隱私的作業系統。
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cover: android.png
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schema:
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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"@type": WebPage
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name: Private Android Operating Systems
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name: 私密 Android 作業系統
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url: "./"
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-
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"@context": http://schema.org
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@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ schema:
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{ align=right }
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The **Android Open Source Project** is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.
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**安卓開源項目** 是一個由谷歌領導的開源移動操作系統，為世界上大多數移動設備提供動力。 大多數 Android 系統的手機都經過修改，包括侵入性整合與應用程式，如 Google Play 服務，所以使用無這類侵入性功能的 Android 系統版本取代手機原本預設的安裝，可改善行動設備上的隱私。
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[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com/){ .card-link title=Homepage }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Privacy Guides 以美式英語書寫，如有疑問，請參閱 [APA Style guide
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## 為我們的觀眾寫作
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Privacy Guides' intended [audience](https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/audience/) is primarily average, technology using adults. 不要愚蠢的內容，像是跟中學班級學生說明，不要過度使用一般電腦用戶不熟悉的概念與複雜術語。
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Privacy Guides 預設的 [讀者群](https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/audience/) 為一般普遍程度技術使用的成年人。 不要愚蠢的內容，像是跟中學班級學生說明，不要過度使用一般電腦用戶不熟悉的概念與複雜術語。
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### 只探討人們想知道的內容
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@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Source: [plainlanguage.gov](https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/conversatio
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### Use "must" for requirements
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> - “must” for an obligation
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> - “must not” for a prohibition
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> - “必須” 表示義務
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> - “不必” 表示嚴禁
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> - “may” for a discretionary action
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> - “should” for a recommendation
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> - "應該"用於建議
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@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ description: Linux 為開源、以隱私為中心的桌面作業系統替代選
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傳統上 Linux 發行版的是依次更新所需的軟體套件。 如果更新時發生錯誤，傳統更新例如 Fedora, Arch Linux 或 Debian 等發行版所用的更新將變得不太可靠。
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Atomic updating distributions apply updates in full or not at all. 通常事務性更新系統也是原子式的。
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原子式更新的發行版要嘛全都更新要嘛完全沒更新 通常事務性更新系統也是原子式的。
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事務性更新系統會在更新前後建立快照應用。 如果更新發生失敗(例如因電力故障問題)，就可以輕鬆地滾動回"近期已知的良好狀態"。
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@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ Linux 發行版，如 [Linux-libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux-libre)
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大多數 Linux 發行版會自動安裝更新或發出提醒。 重要的是保持作業系統系統最新，當發現漏洞時，可修補軟體。
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Some distributions (particularly those aimed at advanced users) are more barebones and expect you to do things yourself (e.g. Arch or Debian). These will require running the "package manager" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`, etc.) manually in order to receive important security updates.
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一些發行版（尤其是那些針對進階用戶）更加簡陋，指望使用者自己能做一些事情（例如 Arch 或 Debian）。 例如需要手動運行 "軟體套件管理器" (`apt`, `pacman`, `dnf`等等)，以便接收重要的安全更新。
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Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automatically. For that you will need to install [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd).
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此外，一些發行版不會自動下載靭體更新。 为此，你将需要安装 [`fwupd`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fwupd)。
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@@ -139,32 +139,32 @@ Additionally, some distributions will not download firmware updates automaticall
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### MAC 地址隨機化
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Many desktop Linux distributions (Fedora, openSUSE, etc.) will come with [NetworkManager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager), to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi settings.
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許多桌面 Linux 發行版（Fedora、openSUSE等）自帶 [網路管理員](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager)，以配置以太網和 Wi-Fi設置。
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It is possible to [randomize](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/) the [MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address) when using NetworkManager. This provides a bit more privacy on Wi-Fi networks as it makes it harder to track specific devices on the network you’re connected to. It does [**not**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) make you anonymous.
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在使用NetworkManager時，可以隨機化 [](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/) [MAC 地址](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address)。 這在Wi-Fi 上提供了更多隱私，因為這讓追踪所連網路的特定設備變得更困難。 但這 [**並不是**](https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2016.pdf) 讓您匿名。
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We recommend changing the setting to **random** instead of **stable**, as suggested in the [article](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/).
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將設置改為 **隨機** ，而不是 **穩定**，正如 [這篇文章建議](https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/)。
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If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components), you will need to set [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) which will enable [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=).
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如使用 [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancillary_components)，需要設置 [`MACAddressPolicy=random`](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#MACAddressPolicy=) ，以啟用 [RFC 7844 (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#Anonymize=)。
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There isn’t many points in randomizing the MAC address for Ethernet connections as a system administrator can find you by looking at the port you are using on the [network switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch). Randomizing Wi-Fi MAC addresses depends on support from the Wi-Fi’s firmware.
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對以太網上的 MAC 地址進行隨機化的意義不大，因為系統管理員可以通過查看 [網路交換機上使用的端口找到您](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch)。 隨機化 Wi-Fi MAC 地址必須有 Wi-Fi 靭體支持。
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### 其他標識符
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There are other system identifiers which you may wish to be careful about. You should give this some thought to see if it applies to your [threat model](../basics/threat-modeling.md):
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還有一些其他的系統標識符，可能要小心對待。 您應該考慮看看是否適用於您的 [威脅模型](../basics/threat-modeling.md)。
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- **Hostnames:** Your system's hostname is shared with the networks you connect to. You should avoid including identifying terms like your name or operating system in your hostname, instead sticking to generic terms or random strings.
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- **Usernames:** Similarly, your username is used in a variety of ways across your system. Consider using generic terms like "user" rather than your actual name.
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- **Machine ID:**: During installation a unique machine ID is generated and stored on your device. Consider [setting it to a generic ID](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/guides/linux-hardening.html#machine-id).
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- **主機名稱 **，系統的主機名稱會分享到所連接的網路。 應避免主機名稱像你的名字或作業系統等具識別度的術語，最好用一般術語或隨機字符串。
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- **用戶名稱 ** 。同樣地，用戶名稱會在系統中以各種方式使用。 考慮用 "用戶 "這樣一般常見字，而不是您的真實姓名。
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- **機器 ID：**：在安裝過程中，會生成一個獨特的機器ID 並存儲在您的設備上。 考慮 [將它設置為一個通用 ID](https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/guides/linux-hardening.html#machine-id)。
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### 系統計數
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The Fedora Project [counts](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting) how many unique systems access its mirrors by using a [`countme`](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting#Detailed_Description) variable instead of a unique ID. Fedora does this to determine load and provision better servers for updates where necessary.
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Fedora 專案使用[`countme`](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting#Detailed_Description) 變量而非獨特 ID 來[計算多少](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting)系統訪問它的鏡像。 Fedora 這樣做是為了確定負載並在必要時為更新提供更好的伺服器。
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This [option](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) is currently off by default. We recommend adding `countme=false` to `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` just in case it is enabled in the future. On systems that use `rpm-ostree` such as Silverblue, the countme option is disabled by masking the [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems/) timer.
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這個 [選項](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) ，目前預設為關閉。 我們建議將 `countme=false` 添加到 `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` ，以備將來啟用。 使用 `rpm-ostree` 的系統，如 Silverblue，通過遮蔽 [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems/) 計時器來禁用 countme 選項。
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openSUSE also uses a [unique ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) to count systems, which can be disabled by deleting the `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` file.
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openSUSE 還使用[唯一的 ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) 來計算系統，可以通過刪除 `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` 檔來禁用它。
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