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Crowdin Bot
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Unlike Yubico OTP, WebAuthn does not use any public ID, so the key is **not** id
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If a website or service supports WebAuthn for the authentication, it is highly recommended that you use it over any other form of MFA.
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## General Recommendations
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## Rekomendasi Umum
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We have these general recommendations:
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@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ title: "Layanan Surel"
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icon: material/email
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description: Penyedia surel ini menawarkan tempat yang baik untuk menyimpan surel Anda dengan aman, dan banyak yang menawarkan enkripsi OpenPGP yang dapat dioperasikan dengan penyedia lain.
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cover: email.webp
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global:
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-
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- randomize-element
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- "table tbody"
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---
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD024 -->
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@@ -11,11 +15,15 @@ Surel bisa dibilang merupakan kebutuhan untuk menggunakan layanan daring apa pun
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[Perpesanan Instan yang Direkomendasikan](real-time-communication.md ""){.md-button}
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Untuk yang lainnya, kami merekomendasikan berbagai penyedia surel yang didasarkan pada model bisnis yang berkelanjutan serta fitur keamanan dan privasi bawaan.
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## Penyedia yang Direkomendasikan
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- [Penyedia Email yang Kompatibel dengan OpenPGP :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#openpgp-compatible-services)
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- [Penyedia Terenkripsi Lainnya :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#more-providers)
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- [Opsi yang Dilayani Sendiri :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](#self-hosting-email)
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Untuk yang lainnya, kami merekomendasikan berbagai penyedia surel yang didasarkan pada model bisnis yang berkelanjutan serta fitur keamanan dan privasi bawaan. Baca [daftar lengkap kriteria kami](#criteria) untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
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| Provider | OpenPGP / WKD | IMAP / SMTP | Zero Access Encryption | Anonymous Payments |
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| --------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
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| [Proton Mail](#proton-mail) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Paid plans only | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Uang Tunai |
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| [Mailbox.org](#mailboxorg) | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Mail only | Uang Tunai |
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| [Tuta](#tuta) | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } | :material-check:{ .pg-green } | Monero & Cash via third-party |
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In addition to (or instead of) an email provider recommended here, you may wish to consider a dedicated [email aliasing service](email-aliasing.md) to protect your privacy. Among other things, these services can help protect your real inbox from spam, prevent marketers from correlating your accounts, and encrypt all incoming messages with PGP.
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@@ -47,7 +55,7 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
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{ align=right }
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**Proton Mail** adalah layanan surel dengan fokus pada privasi, enkripsi, keamanan, dan kemudahan penggunaan. Mereka telah beroperasi sejak **2013**. Proton AG berbasis di Genewa, Swiss. Accounts start with up to 1GB storage with the free plan.
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**Proton Mail** adalah layanan surel dengan fokus pada privasi, enkripsi, keamanan, dan kemudahan penggunaan. Mereka telah beroperasi sejak **2013**. Proton AG berbasis di Genewa, Swiss. The Proton Mail Free plan comes with 500MB of Mail storage, which you can increase up to 1GB for free.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://proton.me/mail){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](https://protonmailrmez3lotccipshtkleegetolb73fuirgj7r4o4vfu7ozyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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@@ -72,9 +80,9 @@ OpenPGP also does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the
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Akun gratis memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, seperti tidak dapat mencari teks tubuh dan tidak memiliki akses ke [Proton Mail Bridge](https://proton.me/mail/bridge), yang diperlukan untuk menggunakan [klien surel desktop yang direkomendasikan](email-clients.md) (misalnya Thunderbird). Akun berbayar mencakup fitur-fitur seperti Proton Mail Bridge, penyimpanan tambahan, dan dukungan domain khusus. [Surat pengesahan](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) diberikan untuk aplikasi Proton Mail pada tanggal 9 November 2021 oleh [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
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If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, Family, or Visionary Plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
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If you have the Proton Unlimited, Business, Family, or Visionary plan, you also get [SimpleLogin](email-aliasing.md#simplelogin) Premium for free.
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Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are **not** shared with third parties. Ini dapat dinonaktifkan di: **Pengaturan** > **Buka Pengaturan** > **Akun** > **Keamanan dan privasi** > **Kirim laporan kemogokan**.
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Proton Mail has internal crash reports that are **not** shared with third parties. This can be disabled in the web app: :gear: → **All Settings** → **Account** → **Security and privacy** → **Privacy and data collection**.
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Domain dan Alias Khusus
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@@ -102,11 +110,11 @@ Proton Mail also publishes the public keys of Proton accounts via HTTP from thei
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Account Termination
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If you have a paid account and your [bill is unpaid](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) after 14 days, you won't be able to access your data. Setelah 30 hari, akun Anda akan menjadi tunggakan dan tidak akan menerima surat masuk. Anda akan terus ditagih selama periode ini. Proton will [delete inactive free accounts](https://proton.me/support/inactive-accounts) after one year. You **cannot** reuse the email address on a deactivated account.
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If you have a paid account and your [bill is unpaid](https://proton.me/support/delinquency) after 14 days, you won't be able to access your data. Setelah 30 hari, akun Anda akan menjadi tunggakan dan tidak akan menerima surat masuk. Anda akan terus ditagih selama periode ini. Proton will [delete inactive free accounts](https://proton.me/support/inactive-accounts) after one year. You **cannot** reuse the email address of a deactivated account.
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#### :material-information-outline:{ .pg-blue } Fungsionalitas Tambahan
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Proton Mail menawarkan akun "Unlimited" seharga €9,99/Bulan, yang juga memungkinkan akses ke Proton VPN selain menyediakan beberapa akun, domain, alias, dan penyimpanan 500GB.
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Proton Mail's [Unlimited](https://proton.me/support/proton-plans#proton-unlimited) plan also enables access to other Proton services in addition to providing multiple custom domains, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, and 500GB of storage.
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Proton Mail tidak menawarkan fitur warisan digital.
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@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@ These providers store your emails with zero-knowledge encryption, making them gr
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{ align=right }
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**Tuta** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since **2011** and is based in Hanover, Germany. Accounts start with up to 1GB storage with the free plan.
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**Tuta** is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since **2011** and is based in Hanover, Germany. Free accounts start with 1GB of storage.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://tuta.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://tuta.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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@@ -70,42 +70,42 @@ Sering kali terdapat kebingungan antara distribusi "yang berfokus pada keamanan"
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### Distribusi berbasis Arch
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Arch dan distribusi berbasis Arch tidak direkomendasikan bagi mereka yang baru mengenal Linux (apa pun distribusinya) karena memerlukan [pemeliharaan sistem](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance) secara teratur. Arch tidak memiliki mekanisme pembaruan distribusi untuk pilihan perangkat lunak yang mendasarinya. As a result you have to stay aware with current trends and adopt technologies as they supersede older practices on your own.
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Arch dan distribusi berbasis Arch tidak direkomendasikan bagi mereka yang baru mengenal Linux (apa pun distribusinya) karena memerlukan [pemeliharaan sistem](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance) secara teratur. Arch tidak memiliki mekanisme pembaruan distribusi untuk pilihan perangkat lunak yang mendasarinya. Akibatnya, Anda harus tetap waspada dengan tren saat ini dan mengadopsi teknologi yang menggantikan praktik-praktik lama secara mandiri.
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For a secure system, you are also expected to have sufficient Linux knowledge to properly set up security for their system such as adopting a [mandatory access control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control) system, setting up [kernel module](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Security) blacklists, hardening boot parameters, manipulating [sysctl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl) parameters, and knowing what components they need such as [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit).
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Agar sistem aman, Anda juga diharapkan memiliki pengetahuan Linux yang cukup untuk mengatur keamanan sistem dengan benar seperti mengadopsi sistem [kontrol akses wajib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control), mengatur daftar hitam [modul kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Security), memperkuat parameter but, memanipulasi parameter [sysctl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl), dan mengetahui komponen apa saja yang dibutuhkan seperti [Polkit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkit).
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Anyone using the [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository) **must** be comfortable auditing PKGBUILDs that they download from that service. AUR packages are community-produced content and are not vetted in any way, and therefore are vulnerable to software supply chain attacks, which has in fact happened [in the past](https://bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository).
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Siapa pun yang menggunakan [Arch User Repository (AUR)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository) **tidak boleh** segan untuk mengaudit PKGBUILD yang mereka unduh dari layanan tersebut. Paket AUR adalah konten yang diproduksi oleh komunitas dan tidak diperiksa dengan cara apa pun, dan oleh karena itu rentan terhadap serangan rantai pasok perangkat lunak, yang kenyataannya telah terjadi [pada masa lalu](https://bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository).
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The AUR should always be used sparingly, and often there is a lot of bad advice on various pages which direct people to blindly use [AUR helpers](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) without sufficient warning. Similar warnings apply to use third-party Personal Package Archives (PPAs) on Debian based distributions or Community Projects (COPR) on Fedora.
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AUR harus selalu digunakan dengan hemat, dan sering kali ada banyak saran buruk di berbagai halaman yang mengarahkan orang untuk secara membabi buta menggunakan [pembantu AUR](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) tanpa peringatan yang memadai. Peringatan serupa berlaku untuk penggunaan Personal Package Archives (PPA) pihak ketiga pada distribusi berbasis Debian atau Community Projects (COPR) pada Fedora.
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If you are experienced with Linux and wish to use an Arch-based distribution, we generally recommend mainline Arch Linux over any of its derivatives.
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Jika Anda berpengalaman dengan Linux dan ingin menggunakan distribusi berbasis Arch, kami umumnya merekomendasikan Arch Linux *mainline* daripada turunannya.
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Additionally, we recommend **against** these two Arch derivatives specifically:
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Selain itu, kami merekomendasikan untuk **tidak** menggunakan kedua turunan Arch ini secara khusus:
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- **Manjaro**: This distribution holds packages back for 2 weeks to make sure that their own changes don’t break, not to make sure that upstream is stable. When AUR packages are used, they are often built against the latest [libraries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)) from Arch’s repositories.
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- **Garuda**: They use [Chaotic-AUR](https://aur.chaotic.cx) which automatically and blindly compiles packages from the AUR. There is no verification process to make sure that the AUR packages don’t suffer from supply chain attacks.
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- **Manjaro**: Distribusi ini menahan paket selama 2 minggu untuk memastikan bahwa perubahan yang mereka buat tidak rusak, bukan untuk memastikan bahwa hulu stabil. Ketika paket AUR digunakan, paket ini sering kali dibuat berdasarkan [pustaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)) terbaru dari repositori Arch.
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- **Garuda**: Mereka menggunakan [Chaotic-AUR](https://aur.chaotic.cx) yang secara otomatis dan membabi buta mengkompilasi paket-paket dari AUR. Tidak ada proses verifikasi untuk memastikan bahwa paket AUR tidak mengalami serangan rantai pasok.
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### Linux-libre kernel and “Libre” distributions
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### Kernel Linux-libre dan distribusi "Libre"
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We recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes security mitigations](https://phoronix.com/news/GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) and [suppresses kernel warnings](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) about vulnerable microcode.
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Kami menyarankan untuk **tidak** menggunakan kernel Linux-libre, karena kernel ini [menghilangkan mitigasi keamanan](https://phoronix.com/news/GNU-Linux-Libre-5.7-Released) dan [[menahan peringatan kernel](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846)](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29674846) tentang kode mikro yang rentan.
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## General Recommendations
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## Rekomendasi Umum
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### Drive Encryption
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### Enkripsi Kandar
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Most Linux distributions have an option within its installer for enabling [LUKS](../encryption.md#linux-unified-key-setup) FDE. If this option isn’t set at installation time, you will have to backup your data and re-install, as encryption is applied after [disk partitioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning), but before [file systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system) are formatted. We also suggest securely erasing your storage device:
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Sebagian besar distribusi Linux memiliki opsi dalam pemasang untuk mengaktifkan [LUKS](../encryption.md#linux-unified-key-setup) FDE. Jika opsi ini tidak diatur pada saat instalasi, Anda harus membuat cadangan data dan menginstal ulang, karena enkripsi diterapkan setelah [partisi diska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning), tetapi sebelum [sistem berkas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system) diformat. Kami juga menyarankan untuk menghapus perangkat penyimpanan Anda dengan aman:
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- [Secure Data Erasure :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure)
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- [Penghapusan Data yang Aman :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure)
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### Swap
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Consider using [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram#Using_zram-generator) instead of a traditional swap file or partition to avoid writing potentially sensitive memory data to persistent storage (and improve performance). Fedora-based distributions [use ZRAM by default](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).
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Pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan [ZRAM](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram#Using_zram-generator) alih-alih berkas atau partisi swap tradisional untuk menghindari penulisan data memori yang mungkin sensitif ke penyimpanan persisten (dan meningkatkan kinerja). Distribusi berbasis Fedora [menggunakan ZRAM secara bawaan](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/SwapOnZRAM).
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If you require suspend-to-disk (hibernation) functionality, you will still need to use a traditional swap file or partition. Make sure that any swap space you do have on a persistent storage device is [encrypted](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) at a minimum to mitigate some of these threats.
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Jika Anda memerlukan fungsi suspend-to-disk (hibernasi), Anda masih perlu menggunakan berkas atau partisi swap tradisional. Pastikan ruang swap yang Anda miliki pada perangkat penyimpanan persisten, paling tidak, [dienkripsi](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Swap_encryption) untuk mengurangi sebagian ancaman ini.
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### Wayland
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We recommend using a desktop environment that supports the [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)) display protocol, as it was developed with security [in mind](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147). Its predecessor ([X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System)) does not support GUI isolation, which allows any window to [record, log, and inject inputs in other windows](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), making any attempt at sandboxing futile. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences, and are neither convenient to set up nor preferable over Wayland.
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Kami menyarankan untuk menggunakan lingkungan desktop yang mendukung protokol tampilan [Wayland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)), karena protokol ini dikembangkan dengan [mempertimbangkan](https://lwn.net/Articles/589147) keamanan. Pendahulunya ([X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System)) tidak mendukung isolasi GUI, yang memungkinkan jendela mana pun [merekam, mencatat, dan menyuntikkan input di jendela lain](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/04/23/linux-security-circus-on-gui-isolation.html), sehingga upaya *sandboxing* menjadi sia-sia. While there are options to do nested X11 such as [Xpra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpra) or [Xephyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xephyr), they often come with negative performance consequences, and are neither convenient to set up nor preferable over Wayland.
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Fortunately, [wayland compositors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)#Wayland_compositors) such as those included with [GNOME](https://gnome.org) and [KDE Plasma](https://kde.org) now have good support for Wayland along with some other compositors that use [wlroots](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wlroots/wlroots/-/wikis/Projects-which-use-wlroots), (e.g. [Sway](https://swaywm.org)). Some distributions like Fedora and Tumbleweed use it by default, and some others may do so in the future as X11 is in [hard maintenance mode](https://phoronix.com/news/X.Org-Maintenance-Mode-Quickly). If you’re using one of those environments it is as easy as selecting the “Wayland” session at the desktop display manager ([GDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Manager), [SDDM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager)).
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