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@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Fairphone, for example, markets their Fairphone 4 device as receiving 6 years of
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<div class="admonition note" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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Privacy-friendly apps such as [Bitwarden](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.x8bit.bitwarden/latest) may show some trackers such as [Google Firebase Analytics](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/trackers/49). ספרייה זו כוללת את [Firebase Cloud Messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging) שיכולה לספק [הודעות דחיפה](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology) באפליקציות. זה [המקרה](https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden/109636825700482007) עם Bitwarden. זה לא אומר ש-Bitwarden משתמש בכל תכונות הניתוח שמסופקות על ידי Google Firebase Analytics.
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Privacy-friendly apps such as [Bitwarden](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/reports/com.x8bit.bitwarden/latest) may show some trackers such as [Google Firebase Analytics](https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/trackers/49). ספרייה זו כוללת את [Firebase Cloud Messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging) שיכולה לספק [הודעות דחיפה](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology) באפליקציות. זה [המקרה](https://fosstodon.org/@bitwarden/109636825700482007) עם Bitwarden. That doesn't mean that Bitwarden is using all the analytics features that are provided by Google Firebase Analytics.
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</div>
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@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Like user profiles, a private space is encrypted using its own encryption key, a
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Unlike work profiles, Private Space is a feature native to Android that does not require a third-party app to manage it. For this reason, we generally recommend using a private space over a work profile, though you can use a work profile alongside a private space.
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### מתג הרג VPN
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### VPN kill switch
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Android 7 and above supports a VPN kill switch, and it is available without the need to install third-party apps. תכונה זו יכולה למנוע דליפות אם ה-VPN מנותק. ניתן למצוא אותו ב:gear: **הגדרות** ← **רשת & אינטרנט** ← **VPN** ← :gear: ← **חסום חיבורים ללא VPN**.
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@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Android 7 and above supports a VPN kill switch, and it is available without the
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## שירותי גוגל
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If you are using a device with Google services—whether with the stock operating system or an operating system that safely sandboxes Google Play Services like GrapheneOS—there are a number of additional changes you can make to improve your privacy. אנו עדיין ממליצים להימנע לחלוטין משירותי Google, או להגביל את שירותי Google Play לפרופיל משתמש/עבודה ספציפי על ידי שילוב של בקר מכשיר כמו *Shelter* עם Google Play Sandboxed של GrapheneOS.
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If you are using a device with Google services—whether with the stock operating system or an operating system that safely sandboxes Google Play Services like GrapheneOS—there are a number of additional changes you can make to improve your privacy. We still recommend avoiding Google services entirely, or limiting Google Play Services to a specific user/work profile by combining a device controller like *Shelter* with GrapheneOS's Sandboxed Google Play.
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### תוכנית הגנה מתקדמת
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@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Note that Bluetooth is automatically turned on after every system update.
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#### מזהה פנים/זיהוי מגע & קוד סיסמה
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הגדרת סיסמה חזקה בטלפון שלך היא הצעד החשוב ביותר שאתה יכול לנקוט לאבטחת המכשיר הפיזי. תצטרך לעשות כאן פשרה בין אבטחה לנוחות: סיסמה ארוכה יותר תהיה מעצבנת להזין בכל פעם, אבל סיסמה קצרה יותר או PIN יהיה קל יותר לנחש. הגדרת Face ID או Touch ID יחד עם סיסמה חזקה יכולה להיות פשרה טובה בין שימושיות ואבטחה.
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הגדרת סיסמה חזקה בטלפון שלך היא הצעד החשוב ביותר שאתה יכול לנקוט לאבטחת המכשיר הפיזי. You'll have to make trade-offs here between security and convenience: A longer password will be annoying to type in every time, but a shorter password or PIN will be easier to guess. הגדרת Face ID או Touch ID יחד עם סיסמה חזקה יכולה להיות פשרה טובה בין שימושיות ואבטחה.
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Select **Turn Passcode On** or **Change Passcode** → **Passcode Options** → **Custom Alphanumeric Code**. Make sure that you create a [secure password](../basics/passwords-overview.md).
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@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Select **Turn Passcode On** or **Change Passcode** → **Passcode Options** →
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אם אתה משתמש ביומטרי, אתה צריך לדעת איך לכבות אותם במהירות במקרה חירום. לחיצה ממושכת על לחצן הצד או ההפעלה ו*כל אחד* כפתור עוצמת הקול עד שתראה את המחוון Slide to Power Off תשבית את הביומטרי, ותחייב את קוד הגישה שלך כדי לפתוח. קוד הגישה שלך יידרש גם לאחר הפעלה מחדש של המכשיר.
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On some older devices, you may have to press the power button five times to disable biometrics instead, or for devices with Touch ID, you may just have to hold down the power button and nothing else. הקפד לנסות זאת מראש כדי שתדע איזו שיטה עובדת עבור המכשיר שלך.
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On some older devices, you may have to press the power button five times to disable biometrics instead, or for devices with Touch ID, you may just have to hold down the power button and nothing else. Make sure you try this in advance, so you know which method works for your device.
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**Stolen Device Protection** adds additional security intended to protect your personal data if your device is stolen while unlocked. If you use biometrics and the Find My Device feature in your Apple Account settings, we recommend enabling this new protection:
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@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ Similarly, rather than allow an app to access all the contacts saved on your dev
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iOS offers the ability to lock most apps behind Touch ID/Face ID or your passcode, which can be useful for protecting sensitive content in apps which do not provide the option themselves. You can lock an app by long-pressing on it and selecting **Require Face ID/Touch ID**. Any app locked in this way requires biometric authentication whenever opening it or accessing its contents in other apps. Also, notification previews for locked apps will not be shown.
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In addition to locking apps behind biometrics, you can also hide apps so that they don't appear on the Home Screen, App Library, the app list in **Settings**, etc. While hiding apps may be useful in situations where you have to hand your unlocked phone to someone else, the concealment provided by the feature is not absolute, as a hidden app is still visible in some places such as the battery usage list. Moreover, one notable tradeoff of hiding an app is that you will not receive any of its notifications.
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In addition to locking apps behind biometrics, you can also hide apps so that they don't appear on the Home Screen, App Library, the app list in **Settings**, etc. While hiding apps may be useful in situations where you have to hand your unlocked phone to someone else, the concealment provided by the feature is not absolute, as a hidden app is still visible in some places such as the battery usage list. Moreover, one notable trade off of hiding an app is that you will not receive any of its notifications.
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You can hide an app by long-pressing on it and selecting **Require Face ID/Touch ID** → **Hide and Require Face ID/Touch ID**. Note that pre-installed Apple apps, as well as the default web browser and email app, cannot be hidden. Hidden apps reside in a **Hidden** folder at the bottom of the App Library, which can be unlocked using biometrics. This folder appears in the App Library whether you hid any apps or not, which provides you a degree of plausible deniability.
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@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ If your device supports it, you can use the [Clean Up](https://support.apple.com
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- Open the **Photos** app and tap the photo you have selected for redaction
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- Tap the :material-tune: (at the bottom of the screen)
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- Tap the button labeled **Clean Up**
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- Draw a circle around whatever you want to redact. Faces will be pixelated and it will attempt to delete anything else.
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- Draw a circle around whatever you want to redact. Faces will be pixelated, and it will attempt to delete anything else.
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Our warning [against blurring text](../data-redaction.md) also applies here, so we recommend to instead add a black shape with 100% opacity over it. In addition to redacting text, you can also black out any face or object using the **Photos** app.
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@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ description: Linux is an open-source, privacy-focused desktop operating system a
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[המלצות לינוקס שלנו :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../desktop.md ""){.md-button}
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## הערות פרטיות
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## Security Notes
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יש כמה חששות בולטים של פרטיות עם לינוקס שכדאי להיות מודעים אליהם. למרות החסרונות הללו, הפצות לינוקס לשולחן העבודה עדיין נהדרות עבור רוב האנשים שרוצים:
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There are some notable security concerns with Linux which you should be aware of. למרות החסרונות הללו, הפצות לינוקס לשולחן העבודה עדיין נהדרות עבור רוב האנשים שרוצים:
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- הימנע מטלמטריה שמגיעה לרוב עם מערכות הפעלה קנייניות
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- Maintain [software freedom](https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms)
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@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ For frozen distributions such as [Debian](https://debian.org/security/faq#handli
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באופן מסורתי, הפצות לינוקס מתעדכנות על ידי עדכון רציף של החבילות הרצויות. Traditional updates such as those used in Fedora, Arch Linux, and Debian-based distributions can be less reliable if an error occurs while updating.
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Atomic updating distributions, on the other hand, apply updates in full or not at all. On an atomic distribution, if an error occurs while updating (perhaps due to a power failure), nothing is changed on the system.
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Distros which use atomic updates, on the other hand, apply updates in full or not at all. On an atomic distribution, if an error occurs while updating (perhaps due to a power failure), nothing is changed on the system.
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The atomic update method can achieve reliability with this model and is used for [distributions](../desktop.md#atomic-distributions) like Silverblue and NixOS. [Adam Šamalík](https://twitter.com/adsamalik) provides a presentation on how `rpm-ostree` works with Silverblue:
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- [Let's try Fedora Silverblue — an immutable desktop OS! - Adam Šamalik](https://youtu.be/aMo4ZlWznao) <small>(YouTube)</small>
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- [Let's try Fedora Silverblue — an immutable desktop OS! - Adam Šamalík](https://youtu.be/aMo4ZlWznao) <small>(YouTube)</small>
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### הפצות "ממוקדות אבטחה"
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@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ We recommend **against** using the Linux-libre kernel, since it [removes securit
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### Mandatory access control
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Mandatory access control is a set of additional security controls which help to confine parts of the system such as apps and system services. The two common forms of mandatory access control found in Linux distributions are [SELinux](https://github.com/SELinuxProject) and [AppArmor](https://apparmor.net). While Fedora uses SELinux by default, Tumbleweed [defaults](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:SELinux) to AppArmor in the installer, with an option to [choose](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:SELinux/Setup) SELinux instead.
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Mandatory access control is a set of additional security controls which help to confine parts of the system such as apps and system services. The two common forms of mandatory access control found in Linux distributions are [SELinux](https://github.com/SELinuxProject) and [AppArmor](https://apparmor.net). Fedora and Tumbleweed use SELinux by default, with Tumbleweed offering an option in its installer to choose AppArmor instead.
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SELinux on [Fedora](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/selinux-getting-started) confines Linux containers, virtual machines, and service daemons by default. AppArmor is used by the snap daemon for [sandboxing](https://snapcraft.io/docs/security-sandboxing) snaps which have [strict](https://snapcraft.io/docs/snap-confinement) confinement such as [Firefox](https://snapcraft.io/firefox). There is a community effort to confine more parts of the system in Fedora with the [ConfinedUsers](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SIGs/ConfinedUsers) special interest group.
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@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ SELinux on [Fedora](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/selinux-gett
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### הצפנת כונן
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לרוב ההפצות של לינוקס יש אפשרות בתוך תוכנית ההתקנה שלה להפעלת [LUKS](../encryption.md#linux-unified-key-setup) FDE. אם אפשרות זו לא מוגדרת בזמן ההתקנה, תצטרך לגבות את הנתונים שלך ולהתקין מחדש, מכיוון שההצפנה מוחלת לאחר [חלוקת דיסקים ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning), אבל לפני ש[מערכות הקבצים](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system) מתעצבות. אנו מציעים גם למחוק בצורה מאובטחת את מכשיר האחסון שלך:
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לרוב ההפצות של לינוקס יש אפשרות בתוך תוכנית ההתקנה שלה להפעלת [LUKS](../encryption.md#linux-unified-key-setup) FDE. If this option isn’t set at installation time, you will have to back up your data and re-install, as encryption is applied after [disk partitioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning), but before [file systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system) are formatted. אנו מציעים גם למחוק בצורה מאובטחת את מכשיר האחסון שלך:
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- [מחיקת נתונים מאובטחת :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/05/25/secure-data-erasure)
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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ If you are using [systemd-networkd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#Ancill
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פרויקט Fedora [סופר](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting) כמה מערכות ייחודיות ניגשים למראות שלו באמצעות [`countme`](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DNF_Better_Counting#Detailed_Description) משתנה במקום מזהה ייחודי. פדורה עושה זאת כדי לקבוע עומס והספקת שרתים טובים יותר עבור עדכונים במידת הצורך.
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[אפשרות](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) זו כבויה כעת כברירת מחדל. אנו ממליצים להוסיף את `countme=false` ל-`/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` למקרה שהוא יופעל בעתיד. On systems that use `rpm-ostree` such as Silverblue, the countme option is disabled by masking the [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems) timer.
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[אפשרות](https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conf_ref.html#options-for-both-main-and-repo) זו כבויה כעת כברירת מחדל. אנו ממליצים להוסיף את `countme=false` ל-`/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` למקרה שהוא יופעל בעתיד. On systems that use `rpm-ostree` such as Silverblue, the `countme` option is disabled by masking the [rpm-ostree-countme](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-better-at-counting-rpm-ostree-based-systems) timer.
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openSUSE also uses a [unique ID](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Statistics) to count systems, which can be disabled by emptying the `/var/lib/zypp/AnonymousUniqueId` file.
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ description: macOS is Apple's desktop operating system that works with their har
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**macOS** היא מערכת הפעלה Unix שפותחה על ידי אפל עבור מחשבי ה-Mac שלהם. כדי לשפר את הפרטיות ב-macOS, אתה יכול להשבית את תכונות הטלמטריה ולהקשיח את הגדרות הפרטיות והאבטחה הקיימות.
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מחשבי Mac ו-Hackintosh ישנים יותר מבוססי אינטל אינם תומכים בכל תכונות האבטחה ש-macOS מציעה. To enhance data security, we recommend using a newer Mac with [Apple silicon](https://support.apple.com/HT211814).
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מחשבי Mac ו-Hackintosh ישנים יותר מבוססי אינטל אינם תומכים בכל תכונות האבטחה ש-macOS מציעה. To enhance data security, we recommend using a newer Mac with [Apple Silicon](https://support.apple.com/HT211814).
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## הערות פרטיות
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ description: macOS is Apple's desktop operating system that works with their har
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### נעילת הפעלה
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ניתן להגדיר מכשירי סיליקון חדשים של Apple ללא חיבור לאינטרנט. עם זאת, שחזור או איפוס ה-Mac שלך **ידרש**חיבור לאינטרנט לשרתים של אפל כדי לבדוק מול מסד הנתונים של נעילת ההפעלה של מכשירים שאבדו או נגנבו.
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Brand-new Apple Silicon devices can be set up without an internet connection. עם זאת, שחזור או איפוס ה-Mac שלך **ידרש**חיבור לאינטרנט לשרתים של אפל כדי לבדוק מול מסד הנתונים של נעילת ההפעלה של מכשירים שאבדו או נגנבו.
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### בדיקות ביטול אפליקציה
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ If you want to be able to install apps from the App Store but don't want to enab
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##### FileVault
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במכשירים מודרניים עם מובלעת מאובטחת (Apple T2 Security Chip, Apple Silicon), הנתונים שלך תמיד מוצפנים, אך מפוענחים אוטומטית על ידי מפתח חומרה אם המכשיר שלך לא מזהה שטופלו בהם. Enabling [FileVault](../encryption.md#filevault) additionally requires your password to decrypt your data, greatly improving security, especially when powered off or before the first login after powering on.
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On modern devices with a Secure Enclave (Apple T2 Security Chip, Apple Silicon), your data is always encrypted, but is decrypted automatically by a hardware key if your device doesn't detect it's been tampered with. Enabling [FileVault](../encryption.md#filevault) additionally requires your password to decrypt your data, greatly improving security, especially when powered off or before the first login after powering on.
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במחשבי Mac ישנים יותר מבוססי אינטל, FileVault היא הצורה היחידה של הצפנת דיסקים הזמינה כברירת מחדל, וצריכה להיות מופעלת תמיד.
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@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ If an app is sandboxed, you should see the following output:
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[Bool] true
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```
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If you find that the app you want to run is not sandboxed, then you may employ methods of [compartmentalization](../basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy) such as virtual machines or separate devices, use a similar app that is sandboxed, or choose to not use the unsandboxed app altogether.
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If you find that the app you want to run is not sandboxed, then you may employ methods of [compartmentalization](../basics/common-threats.md#security-and-privacy) such as virtual machines or separate devices, use a similar app that is sandboxed, or choose to not use the non-sandboxed app altogether.
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##### Hardened Runtime
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@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ macOS מגיע עם שתי צורות של הגנה מפני תוכנות זדו
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1. הגנה מפני הפעלת תוכנות זדוניות מלכתחילה מסופקת על ידי תהליך הבדיקה של App Store עבור יישומי App Store, או *אישור נוטריוני* (חלק מ* Gatekeeper*), תהליך שבו יישומי צד שלישי נסרקים לאיתור תוכנות זדוניות ידועות על ידי אפל לפני שהם מורשים לפעול. Apps are required to be signed by the developers using a key given to them by Apple. This ensures that you are running software from the real developers. Notarization also requires that developers enable the Hardened Runtime for their apps, which limits methods of exploitation.
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||||
2. הגנה מפני תוכנות זדוניות אחרות ותיקון מתוכנות זדוניות קיימות במערכת שלך מסופקת על ידי *XProtect*, תוכנת אנטי-וירוס מסורתית יותר המובנית ב-macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
אנו ממליצים לא להתקין תוכנת אנטי-וירוס של צד שלישי מכיוון שבדרך כלל אין להם את הגישה ברמת המערכת הנדרשת לתפקוד תקין בכל מקרה, בגלל המגבלות של אפל על אפליקציות של צד שלישי, ומכיוון שהענקת רמות הגישה הגבוהות שהם מבקשים מייצגת לעתים קרובות סיכון אבטחה ופרטיות גדול עוד יותר למחשב שלך.
|
||||
We recommend against installing third-party antivirus software as they typically do not have the system-level access required to properly function anyway, because of Apple's limitations on third-party apps, and because granting the high levels of access they do ask for often poses an even greater security and privacy risk to your computer.
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||||
|
||||
##### גיבויים
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ macOS comes with automatic backup software called [Time Machine](https://support
|
||||
|
||||
### אבטחת חומרה
|
||||
|
||||
תכונות אבטחה מודרניות רבות ב-macOS - כמו אתחול מאובטח מודרני, הפחתת ניצול ברמת החומרה, בדיקות שלמות מערכת ההפעלה והצפנה מבוססת קבצים - מסתמכות על סיליקון של Apple, ולחומרה החדשה יותר של אפל יש תמיד את [האבטחה הטובה ביותר](https:// support.apple.com/guide/security/apple-soc-security-sec87716a080/1/web/1). אנו מעודדים רק שימוש בסיליקון של Apple, ולא במחשבי Mac או Hackintosh ישנים יותר מבוססי אינטל.
|
||||
Many modern security features in macOS—such as modern Secure Boot, hardware-level exploit mitigation, OS integrity checks, and file-based encryption—rely on Apple Silicon, and Apple's newer hardware always has the [best security](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/apple-soc-security-sec87716a080/1/web/1). We only encourage the use of Apple Silicon, and not older Intel-based Mac computers or Hackintoshes.
|
||||
|
||||
חלק מתכונות האבטחה המודרניות הללו זמינות במחשבי Mac ישנים יותר מבוססי אינטל עם שבב האבטחה של Apple T2, אך השבב הזה רגיש לניצול *checkm8* שעלול לסכן את האבטחה שלו.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ ROM האתחול הוא שורש האמון של החומרה. זה מבטיח
|
||||
|
||||
#### Secure Enclave
|
||||
|
||||
ה-Secure Enclave הוא שבב אבטחה מובנה במכשירים עם סיליקון של אפל אשר אחראי על אחסון ויצירת מפתחות הצפנה עבור נתונים במנוחה וכן נתוני Face ID ו-Touch ID. הוא מכיל ROM אתחול נפרד משלו.
|
||||
The Secure Enclave is a security chip built into devices with Apple Silicon which is responsible for storing and generating encryption keys for data at rest as well as Face ID and Touch ID data. הוא מכיל ROM אתחול נפרד משלו.
|
||||
|
||||
אתה יכול לחשוב על ה-Secure Enclave כמרכז האבטחה של המכשיר שלך: יש לו מנוע הצפנה AES ומנגנון לאחסון מאובטח של מפתחות ההצפנה שלך, והוא מופרד משאר המערכת, כך שגם אם המעבד הראשי נפגע, הוא צריך עדיין להיות בטוח.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ ROM האתחול הוא שורש האמון של החומרה. זה מבטיח
|
||||
|
||||
#### ניתוק מיקרופון של החומרה
|
||||
|
||||
כל המחשבים הניידים עם סיליקון אפל או שבב T2 כוללים ניתוק חומרה עבור המיקרופון המובנה בכל פעם שהמכסה סגור. זה אומר שאין שום דרך לתוקף להאזין למיקרופון של ה-Mac שלך גם אם מערכת ההפעלה נפגעת.
|
||||
All laptops with Apple Silicon or the T2 chip feature a hardware disconnect for the built-in microphone whenever the lid is closed. זה אומר שאין שום דרך לתוקף להאזין למיקרופון של ה-Mac שלך גם אם מערכת ההפעלה נפגעת.
|
||||
|
||||
שימו לב שלמצלמה אין ניתוק חומרה, מכיוון שהנוף שלה מעורפל כאשר המכסה סגור בכל מקרה.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ ROM האתחול הוא שורש האמון של החומרה. זה מבטיח
|
||||
|
||||
#### הגנות גישה ישירה לזיכרון
|
||||
|
||||
סיליקון אפל מפריד בין כל רכיב שדורש גישה ישירה לזיכרון. לדוגמה, יציאת Thunderbolt לא יכולה לגשת לזיכרון המיועד לליבה.
|
||||
Apple Silicon separates each component that requires direct memory access. לדוגמה, יציאת Thunderbolt לא יכולה לגשת לזיכרון המיועד לליבה.
|
||||
|
||||
## מקורות
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ title: Group Policy Settings
|
||||
description: A quick guide to configuring Group Policy to make Windows a bit more privacy respecting.
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Outside of modifying the registry itself, the **Local Group Policy Editor** is the most powerful way to change many aspects of your system without installing third-party tools. Changing these settings requires [Pro Edition](index.md#windows-editions) or better.
|
||||
Outside modifying the registry itself, the **Local Group Policy Editor** is the most powerful way to change many aspects of your system without installing third-party tools. Changing these settings requires [Pro Edition](index.md#windows-editions) or better.
|
||||
|
||||
These settings should be set on a brand new installation of Windows. Setting them on your existing installation should work, but may introduce unpredictible behavior and is done at your own risk.
|
||||
These settings should be set on a brand-new installation of Windows. Setting them on your existing installation should work, but may introduce unpredictable behavior and is done at your own risk.
|
||||
|
||||
All of these settings have an explanation attached to them in the Group Policy editor which explains exactly what they do, usually in great detail. Please pay attention to those descriptions as you make changes, so you know exactly what we are recommending here. We've also explained some of our choices below whenever the explanation included with Windows is inadequate.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Setting the cipher strength for the Windows 7 policy still applies that strength
|
||||
- Require additional authentication at startup: **Enabled**
|
||||
- Allow enhanced PINs for startup: **Enabled**
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the names of these policies, this doesn't _require_ you to do anything by default, but it will unlock the _option_ to have a more complex setup (such as requiring a PIN at startup in addition to the TPM) in the Bitlocker setup wizard.
|
||||
Despite the names of these policies, this doesn't _require_ you to do anything by default, but it will unlock the _option_ to have a more complex setup (such as requiring a PIN at startup in addition to the TPM) in the BitLocker setup wizard.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Cloud Content
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ You can enhance your privacy and security on Windows without downloading any thi
|
||||
<div class="admonition example" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">This section is new</p>
|
||||
|
||||
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.
|
||||
This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy-friendly than other operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## הערות פרטיות
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
|
||||
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy-friendly features by [default](https://theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_\(virtual_assistant\)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
|
||||
|
||||
With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to y
|
||||
|
||||
## Windows Editions
|
||||
|
||||
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
|
||||
Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows **Home**. Some features missing from **Home** include BitLocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
Windows **Enterprise** provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. For example, they are the only editions that allow you to enable the highest level of restrictions on data sent to Microsoft via telemetry tools. Unfortunately, Enterprise is not available for retail purchase, so it may not be available to you.
|
||||
|
||||
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.
|
||||
The best version available for _retail_ purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including BitLocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry, unfortunately.
|
||||
|
||||
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ Currently, only Windows 11 license keys are available for purchase, but these ke
|
||||
|
||||
The official [Media Creation Tool](https://microsoft.com/software-download/windows11) is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.
|
||||
|
||||
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
|
||||
This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the installation. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are installing an **Education** license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user