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@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Nix是一個基於源的套件管理器；如果二進位快取中沒有預先
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**Whonix** is based on [Kicksecure](#kicksecure), a security-focused fork of Debian. 它旨在提供網際網路的隱私、安全和匿名性。 Whonix 最好與 [Qubes OS](# qubes-os) 配合使用。
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**Whonix** 為基於 [Kicksecure](#kicksecure) 專注在安全的 Debian 分支系統。 它旨在提供網際網路的隱私、安全和匿名性。 Whonix 最好與 [Qubes OS](# qubes-os) 配合使用。
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.whonix.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://www.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Tails Tor 瀏覽器預設包含 [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origi
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**Qubes OS** is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (a.k.a. "Qubes"). Qubes 基於 Xen、X Window System 和 Linux ，可以運行大多數 Linux 應用程式與使用大多數 Linux 驅動程式。
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**Qubes OS** 是開源作業系統，利用安全的虛擬器為桌面運算提供更強的安全性 (a.k.a. "Qubes"). Qubes 基於 Xen、X Window System 和 Linux ，可以運行大多數 Linux 應用程式與使用大多數 Linux 驅動程式。
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.qubes-os.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:simple-torbrowser:](http://qubesosfasa4zl44o4tws22di6kepyzfeqv3tg4e3ztknltfxqrymdad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
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@@ -171,21 +171,21 @@ Tails Tor 瀏覽器預設包含 [uBlock Origin](desktop-browsers.md#ublock-origi
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://www.qubes-os.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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Qubes OS secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, etc.) and applications in separate VMs. Should one part of the system be compromised, the extra isolation is likely to protect the rest of the system.
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Qubes OS 作業系統將子系統（例如網絡、USB等）和應用程式隔離在個別的虛擬機器中以保護電腦。 如果系統的一部分被破壞，額外的隔離可以保護系統其餘部分。
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For further information about how Qubes works, read our full [Qubes OS overview](os/qubes-overview.md) page.
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有關 Oubes 運作的進一步資訊，請參考我們完整的 [Qubes OS 介紹](os/qubes-overview.md) 頁面。
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### Kicksecure
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While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually outdated" distributions like Debian for Desktop use in most cases, Kicksecure is a Debian-based operating system which has been hardened to be much more than a typical Linux install.
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雖然我們在大多數情況下[建議不要](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle)使用“永遠過時”的發行版，例如用於桌面的 Debian，但 Kicksecure 是一個基於 Debian 的操作系統，其功能已強化，遠遠超出了典型的 Linux 安裝。
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!!! recommendation
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!!! 推薦
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{ align=right }
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**Kicksecure**—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. 它預設覆蓋了大量的隱私和加固建議。 It also serves as the base OS for [Whonix](#whonix).
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**Kicksecure**—其簡化的介紹—可以說是一組腳本、置配與套件的組合，可大幅減少 Debian 的攻擊面。 它預設覆蓋了大量的隱私和加固建議。 它也是 [Whonix](#whonix) 的基礎作業系統。
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://www.kicksecure.com/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://www.kicksecure.com/wiki/Privacy_Policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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@@ -198,17 +198,17 @@ While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually ou
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## 標準
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Choosing a Linux distro that is right for you will come down to a huge variety of personal preferences, and this page is **not** meant to be an exhaustive list of every viable distribution. Our Linux overview page has some advice on [choosing a distro](os/linux-overview.md#choosing-your-distribution) in more detail. The distros on *this* page do all generally follow the guidelines we covered there, and all meet these standards:
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選擇適合您的 Linux 發行版取決於個人喜好差異，本頁**並非**是每一款發行版的詳盡列表。 我們在 Linux 介紹頁有更詳細的 [如何選擇發行版本](os/linux-overview.md#choosing-your-distribution) 的說明。 *這個*頁面上的發行版通常都遵循我們介紹的指南，且都滿足以下標準：
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- Free and open-source.
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- Receives regular software and kernel updates.
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- 免費且開放原始碼。
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- 必須定期接收軟體和內核更新。
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- [Avoids X11](os/linux-overview.md#wayland).
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- The notable exception here is Qubes, but the isolation issues which X11 typically has are avoided by virtualization. This isolation only applies to apps *running in different qubes* (virtual machines), apps running in the *same* qube are not protected from each other.
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- Supports full-disk encryption during installation.
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- Doesn't freeze regular releases for more than 1 year.
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- We [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "Long Term Support" or "stable" distro releases for desktop usage.
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- Supports a wide variety of hardware.
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- Preference towards larger projects.
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- Maintaining an operating system is a major challenge, and smaller projects have a tendency to make more avoidable mistakes, or delay critical updates (or worse, disappear entirely). We lean towards projects which will likely be around 10 years from now (whether that's due to corporate backing or very significant community support), and away from projects which are hand-built or have a small number of maintainers.
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- 這裡值得注意的例外是 Qubes，但虛擬化可以避免 X11 常發生的隔離問題。 其隔離僅適用於*在不同 qube*（虛擬機）中運行的應用程式，在*同一個* qube 運行的應用程式則無法保護。
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- 安裝時必須支援全磁碟加密。
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- 不可將定期更新發佈凍結超過1年。
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- 我們 [不建議](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) 桌機使用“長期支援”或“穩定”發行版。
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- 需要支持各種各樣的硬體。
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- 偏好較大型的專案。
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- 維護作業系統是一項大挑戰，小型專案往往會犯更多可避免的錯誤，或延遲重大更新（或更糟糕的是，很快就完全消失）。 我們傾向於至少可維持10 年的專案（無論是由於公司支持還是非常重要的社區支持），而不是手工構建或只有少數維護人員的專案。
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In addition, [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md) for recommended projects still applies. **Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.**
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此外，[我們推薦專案的一般準則](about/criteria.md) 仍然適用。 **請注意我們和所推薦的服務商沒有任何利害關係。**
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@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Skiff 在其開發期間曾進行多次[審計](https://skiff.com/transparency)
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#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Custom Domains and Aliases
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免費方案中，用戶可在主帳戶外，建立另外 3 個 @skiff.com 別名。 Free accounts can add 1 [custom domain](https://skiff.com/blog/custom-domain-setup), and up to 15 custom domains on a paid plan. You can create unlimited aliases or a [catch-all](https://skiff.com/blog/catch-all-email-alias) alias on your custom domain.
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免費方案中，用戶可在主帳戶外，建立另外 3 個 @skiff.com 別名。 免費帳戶可使用 1個 [自定域名](https://skiff.com/blog/custom-domain-setup)，而付費帳戶則最多可以設定至 15個域名。 使用自定域名者，可建立無限制的別名數量或 [catch-all](https://skiff.com/blog/catch-all-email-alias) 別名。
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#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } 私密付款方式
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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meta_title: "Privacy Guides: 您的獨立隱私和安全資源"
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template: overrides/home.zh-Hant.html
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social:
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cards_layout: home
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cards_layout: 首頁
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hide:
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- navigation
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- toc
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@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ description: Android是一個開源作業系統，具有強大的安全保護，
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{ align=right }
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The **Android Open Source Project** is a secure mobile operating system featuring strong [app sandboxing](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [Verified Boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB), and a robust [permission](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview) control system.
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**Android 開源專案** 為安全移動作業系統，提供[應用沙盒](https://source.android.com/security/app-sandbox), [驗證開機](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) (AVB) 以及強靭的 [授權](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview)控制系統。
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## Our Advice
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## 我們的建議
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### 選擇Android 發佈版本
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@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ AFWall+ 基於 [封包過濾](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)
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我們認為，不值得這些應用程序的可疑隱私利益而犧牲手機 root 的安全。
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### Install Updates
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### 安裝更新
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重要的是不要使用 [結束生命周期](https://endoflife.date/android) 版本的Android。 較新版本的 Android 不僅會收到作業系統的安全性更新，而且還會收到重要的隱私增強更新。
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For example, [prior to Android 10](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes) any apps with the [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as [IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier), or your SIM card's [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity); whereas now they must be system apps to do so. 系統應用程式僅由 OEM 或 Android 發行版提供。
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例如 [Android 10 之前](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes) 許多應用帶有 [`READ_PHONE_STATE`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE) 授權可以存取手機獨特敏感的序號，像是[IMEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity), [MEID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_equipment_identifier) 或手機門號 SIM 卡的 [IMSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity)；不過現在只有系統應用程式才能存取。 系統應用程式僅由 OEM 或 Android 發行版提供。
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### Sharing Media
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### 共享的媒體
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You can avoid giving many apps permission to access your media with Android's built-in sharing features. Many applications allow you to "share" a file with them for media upload.
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利用 Android 內建的分享功能，可避免授權過多的應用程式可以存取手機上的檔案。 許多應用程式可讓您上傳媒體來“共享”檔案。
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For example, if you want to post a picture to Discord you can open your file manager or gallery and share that picture with the Discord app, instead of granting Discord full access to your media and photos.
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例如想要在 Discord 張貼一張照片，可以開啟檔案管理員並將該照片分享給 Discord 應用，取代過去授權 Discord 有權限可以完全訪問全部的媒體或照片。
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## 安全保護
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@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Android 13:
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## Privacy Features
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## 隱私功能
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@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Android 7以上版本支援VPN killswitch ，無需安裝第三方應用程式
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## Google Services
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## Google 服務
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如果您使用的裝置搭載Google服務，無論是您庫存作業系統，還是能夠安全地使用 Google Play服務（如GrapheneOS ）的作業系統，可進行許多其他變更以改善隱私。 我們仍然建議避免使用 Google 服務，或者將 *Shelter* 等設備控制器與 GrapheneOS 的Sandboxed Google Play相結合，將 Google Play 服務限制為特定用戶/工作檔案。
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ icon: simple/qubesos
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description: Qubes 作業系統利用虛擬機器來隔離應用程式以提高安全性。
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---
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[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) is an open-source operating system which uses the [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) hypervisor to provide strong security for desktop computing through isolated virtual machines. 每個虛擬機器被稱為 *Qube* ，可以根據其目的為各個Qube 分配信任等級。 As Qubes OS provides security by using isolation, and only permitting actions on a per-case basis, it is the opposite of [badness enumeration](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/).
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[**Qubes OS**](../desktop.md#qubes-os) 為開源作業系統，其使用 [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) 管理程序利用隔離虛擬機器來為桌面運算提供強固的安全。 每個虛擬機器被稱為 *Qube* ，可以根據其目的為各個Qube 分配信任等級。 因為 Qubes OS 使用隔離方式的安全措施，授權行為皆以個別案例為準，此正與[badness enumeration](https://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/)壞處枚舉相反。
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## Qubes OS如何工作？
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