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@@ -91,7 +91,9 @@ Recently, some attempts have been made by various organizations to address some
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Multi-Party Relays (MPRs) use multiple nodes owned by different parties, such that no individual party knows both who you are and what you're connecting to. This is the basic idea behind Tor, but now there are some paid services that try to emulate this model.
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MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them completely. They accomplish this goal by segmenting the responsibilities between two or more different companies. For example, Apple's iCloud+ Private Relay routes your traffic through two servers:
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MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them completely. They accomplish this goal by segmenting the responsibilities between two or more different companies.
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One example of a commercially available MPR is Apple's iCloud+ Private Relay, which routes your traffic through two servers:
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1. Firstly, a server operated by Apple.
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@@ -101,15 +103,15 @@ MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them
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This server actually makes the connection to your destination website, but has no knowledge of your device. The only IP address it knows about is Apple's server's.
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Other MPRs run by different companies like Google or INVISV operate in a very similar manner. This protection by segmentation only exists if you trust the two companies to not collude with each other to deanonymize you.
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Other MPRs run by different companies operate in a very similar manner. This protection by segmentation only exists if you trust the two companies to not collude with each other to deanonymize you.
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### Decentralized VPNs
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Another attempt at solving the issues with centralized VPN services are dVPNs. These are based on blockchain technology and claim to eliminate trust in a single party by distributing the nodes across lots of different people. However, many times a dVPN will default to a single node, meaning you need to trust that node completely, just like a traditional VPN. Unlike a traditional VPN, this one node that can see all your traffic is a random person instead of your VPN provider that can be audited and has legal responsibilities to uphold their privacy policy. Multi-hop is needed to solve this, but that comes with a stability and performance cost.
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Another consideration is legal liability. 출구 노드는 네트워크 오용으로 인한 법적 문제를 해결해야 하며, 이는 Tor 네트워크가 존재해온 내내 논란이 되어온 문제입니다. This discourages regular people from running nodes and makes it more attractive for a malicious actor with lots of resources to host one. This is a big problem if the service is single-node, as the potentially malicious exit node can see who you are and what you're connecting to.
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Another consideration is legal liability. The exit node will need to deal with legal problems from misuse of the network, an issue that the Tor network has contended with for its entire existence. This discourages regular people from running nodes and makes it more attractive for a malicious actor with lots of resources to host one. This is a big problem if the service is single-node, as the potentially malicious exit node can see who you are and what you're connecting to.
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많은 dVPN이 최고의 서비스를 제공하기보다는 암호화폐를 홍보하는 데 사용됩니다. They also tend to be smaller networks with fewer nodes, making them more vulnerable to [Sybil attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack).
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Many dVPNs are used to push a cryptocurrency rather than to make the best service. They also tend to be smaller networks with fewer nodes, making them more vulnerable to [Sybil attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack).
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## VPN 관련 추가 정보
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@@ -318,15 +318,6 @@ Brave allows you to select additional content filters within the internal `brave
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1. Disabling the V8 optimizer reduces your attack surface by disabling [*some*](https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/112708049232710156) parts of JavaScript Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.
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<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">Sanitizing on close</p>
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- [x] Select **Delete data sites have saved to your device when you close all windows** under *Sites and Shields Settings* → *Content* → *Additional content settings* → *On-device site data*.
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If you wish to stay logged in to a particular site you visit often, you can set exceptions on a per-site basis under the *Customized behaviors* section.
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</div>
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##### Tor windows
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[**Private Window with Tor**](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360018121491-What-is-a-Private-Window-with-Tor-Connectivity) allows you to route your traffic through the Tor network in Private Windows and access .onion services, which may be useful in some cases. However, Brave is **not** as resistant to fingerprinting as the Tor Browser is, and far fewer people use Brave with Tor, so you will stand out. If your threat model requires strong anonymity, use the [Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser).
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@@ -214,6 +214,25 @@ Qubes OS secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, et
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For further information about how Qubes works, read our full [Qubes OS overview](os/qubes-overview.md) page.
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### Secureblue
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Secureblue** is a security-focused operating system based on [Fedora Atomic Desktops](#fedora-atomic-desktops). It includes a number of [security features](https://secureblue.dev/features) intended to proactively defend against the exploitation of both known and unknown vulnerabilities, and ships with [Trivalent](https://github.com/secureblue/Trivalent), their hardened, Chromium-based web browser.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://secureblue.dev){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://secureblue.dev/install){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/secureblue/secureblue){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://secureblue.dev/donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
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</div>
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**Trivalent** is Secureblue's hardened Chromium for desktop Linux inspired by [GrapheneOS](android/distributions.md#grapheneos)'s Vanadium browser.
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Secureblue also provides GrapheneOS's [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc) and enables it globally (including for Flatpaks).
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### Kicksecure
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While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually outdated" distributions like Debian for desktop use in most cases, Kicksecure is a Debian-based operating system which has been hardened to be much more than a typical Linux install.
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@@ -317,7 +317,6 @@ Stalwart does **not** have an integrated webmail, so you will need to use it wit
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- Zero Access Encryption을 통해 이메일 계정 데이터를 암호화해야 합니다.
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- Export capability as [Mbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox) or individual .EML with [RFC5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5322) standard.
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- 사용자가 자신의 [도메인 이름](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name)을 사용할 수 있어야 합니다. 사용자 지정 도메인 이름은 서비스가 부실해지거나 프라이버시 보호를 우선시하지 않는 다른 회사에 인수되는 경우에도 에이전시를 유지할 수 있도록 해주기 때문에 사용자에게 중요합니다.
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- 자체 인프라에서 운영되어야 합니다. 다른 이메일 서비스 제공 업체의 인프라를 기반으로 만들어진 서비스여선 안 됩니다.
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**우대 사항:**
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@@ -328,8 +327,9 @@ Stalwart does **not** have an integrated webmail, so you will need to use it wit
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- 외부 사용자를 위해 임시 메일함을 지원해야 합니다. 수신자에게 실제 사본을 보내지 않고 암호화된 이메일을 보내고자 할 때 유용합니다. 이러한 이메일은 보통 수명이 제한돼 있으며 이후 자동으로 삭제됩니다. 수신자가 OpenPGP 등의 암호화를 설정할 필요가 없습니다.
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- [Onion 서비스](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion)를 통해 이메일 서비스를 이용할 수 있어야 합니다.
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- [하위 주소](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Sub-addressing) 지원.
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- Allows users to use their own [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name). 사용자 지정 도메인 이름은 서비스가 부실해지거나 프라이버시 보호를 우선시하지 않는 다른 회사에 인수되는 경우에도 에이전시를 유지할 수 있도록 해주기 때문에 사용자에게 중요합니다.
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- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who use their own domains.
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- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). 표준 액세스 프로토콜을 사용함으로써, 사용자는 다른 서비스 제공 업체로 전환하고자 할 경우 모든 이메일을 쉽게 다운로드할 수 있습니다.
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- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
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### 프라이버시
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@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Most cloud **photo management solutions** like Google Photos, Flickr, and Amazon
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open-source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting). The free plan offers 5 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least once a year.
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open-source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting). The free plan offers 10 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least once a year.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://ente.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://ente.io/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ For encrypting your OS drive, we typically recommend using the encryption tool y
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secureblue](desktop.md#secureblue)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Kicksecure](desktop.md#kicksecure)
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</div>
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