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@@ -91,7 +91,9 @@ Recently, some attempts have been made by various organizations to address some
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Multi-Party Relays (MPRs) use multiple nodes owned by different parties, such that no individual party knows both who you are and what you're connecting to. This is the basic idea behind Tor, but now there are some paid services that try to emulate this model.
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MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them completely. They accomplish this goal by segmenting the responsibilities between two or more different companies. For example, Apple's iCloud+ Private Relay routes your traffic through two servers:
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MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them completely. They accomplish this goal by segmenting the responsibilities between two or more different companies.
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One example of a commercially available MPR is Apple's iCloud+ Private Relay, which routes your traffic through two servers:
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1. Firstly, a server operated by Apple.
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@@ -101,13 +103,13 @@ MPRs seek to solve a problem inherent to VPNs: the fact that you must trust them
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This server actually makes the connection to your destination website, but has no knowledge of your device. The only IP address it knows about is Apple's server's.
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Other MPRs run by different companies like Google or INVISV operate in a very similar manner. This protection by segmentation only exists if you trust the two companies to not collude with each other to deanonymize you.
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Other MPRs run by different companies operate in a very similar manner. This protection by segmentation only exists if you trust the two companies to not collude with each other to deanonymize you.
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### 分散型VPN
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Another attempt at solving the issues with centralized VPN services are dVPNs. These are based on blockchain technology and claim to eliminate trust in a single party by distributing the nodes across lots of different people. However, many times a dVPN will default to a single node, meaning you need to trust that node completely, just like a traditional VPN. Unlike a traditional VPN, this one node that can see all your traffic is a random person instead of your VPN provider that can be audited and has legal responsibilities to uphold their privacy policy. Multi-hop is needed to solve this, but that comes with a stability and performance cost.
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もう一つ考慮すべきは、法的責任です。 The exit node will need to deal with legal problems from misuse of the network, an issue that the Tor network has contended with for its entire existence. This discourages regular people from running nodes and makes it more attractive for a malicious actor with lots of resources to host one. This is a big problem if the service is single-node, as the potentially malicious exit node can see who you are and what you're connecting to.
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Another consideration is legal liability. The exit node will need to deal with legal problems from misuse of the network, an issue that the Tor network has contended with for its entire existence. This discourages regular people from running nodes and makes it more attractive for a malicious actor with lots of resources to host one. This is a big problem if the service is single-node, as the potentially malicious exit node can see who you are and what you're connecting to.
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Many dVPNs are used to push a cryptocurrency rather than to make the best service. They also tend to be smaller networks with fewer nodes, making them more vulnerable to [Sybil attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack).
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@@ -318,15 +318,6 @@ Braveの[シールド](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360022973471-What-i
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1. V8オプティマイザーを無効にすることでJavaScriptの実行時(JIT)コンパイルの[*一部*](https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/112708049232710156)を無効化し、アタックサーフェスを減らすことができます。
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<div class="admonition tip" markdown>
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<p class="admonition-title">終了時のクリーンアップ</p>
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- [x] *サイトとシールドの設定* → *コンテンツ* → *その他のコンテンツの設定* → *デバイス上のサイトデータ*から**すべてのウィンドウを閉じるときに、サイトによりデバイスに保存されたデータを削除する**を選択。
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よく見る特定のサイトのログインを維持したい場合、*動作のカスタマイズ*からサイトごとに例外を設定することができます。
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</div>
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##### Torウィンドウ
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[**Tor搭載のプライベートウィンドウ**](https://support.brave.com/hc/articles/360018121491-What-is-a-Private-Window-with-Tor-Connectivity)を使うことで、プライベートウィンドウの通信はTorネットワークを経由し、.onionにアクセスでき、場合によっては役立つこともあります。 ただし、BraveはTor Browserよりもフィンガープリンティングに対して強く**ない**ことに加え、BraveでTorを使う人は非常に少ないため目立ってしまいます。 脅威モデルにより強い匿名性が必要な場合、[Tor Browser](tor.md#tor-browser)を使用します。
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@@ -214,6 +214,25 @@ Qubes OS secures the computer by isolating subsystems (e.g., networking, USB, et
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For further information about how Qubes works, read our full [Qubes OS overview](os/qubes-overview.md) page.
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### Secureblue
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<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
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{ align=right }
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**Secureblue** is a security-focused operating system based on [Fedora Atomic Desktops](#fedora-atomic-desktops). It includes a number of [security features](https://secureblue.dev/features) intended to proactively defend against the exploitation of both known and unknown vulnerabilities, and ships with [Trivalent](https://github.com/secureblue/Trivalent), their hardened, Chromium-based web browser.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://secureblue.dev){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://secureblue.dev/install){ .card-link title="Documentation" }
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/secureblue/secureblue){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://secureblue.dev/donate){ .card-link title="Contribute" }
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</div>
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**Trivalent** is Secureblue's hardened Chromium for desktop Linux inspired by [GrapheneOS](android/distributions.md#grapheneos)'s Vanadium browser.
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Secureblue also provides GrapheneOS's [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc) and enables it globally (including for Flatpaks).
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### Kicksecure
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While we [recommend against](os/linux-overview.md#release-cycle) "perpetually outdated" distributions like Debian for desktop use in most cases, Kicksecure is a Debian-based operating system which has been hardened to be much more than a typical Linux install.
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@@ -317,7 +317,6 @@ Stalwartにはウェブメールが**ない**ため、[専用のEメールクラ
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- ゼロアクセス暗号化によりEメールアカウントのデータを暗号化していること。
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- [Mbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox)もしくは[RFC5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5322)に基づいた個別の.EMLファイルとしてエクスポートできること。
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- ユーザーの独自[ドメイン名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name)が利用できること。 プロバイダーが悪化したり、プライバシーを重視しない他の会社に買収されたりした場合に備えることができるため、カスタムドメイン名はユーザーにとって非常に重要である。
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- 自社所有のインフラで運用されていること。第三者のEメールサービスプロバイダーによるサービス提供ではないこと。
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**満たされることが望ましい基準：**
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@@ -328,8 +327,9 @@ Stalwartにはウェブメールが**ない**ため、[専用のEメールクラ
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- 外部ユーザー用の一時的なメールボックスがあること。 受信者に実際のメールのコピーを送るのではなく、暗号化されたメールを送る際に役立ちます。 通常の場合、一時的なメールボックスのメールには期限があり、自動的に削除されます。 また、受信者はOpenPGPのような暗号化を設定する必要がありません。
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- [.onionサービス](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion)経由でEメールプロバイダーのサービスが利用できること。
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- [サブアドレス](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Sub-addressing)に対応していること。
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- 独自ドメインを利用した際、キャッチオール機能もしくはエイリアス機能があること。
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- IMAP、SMTPや[JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol)などの標準的なEメールプロトコルを使用していること。 標準的なプロトコルを採用していることで、他のプロバイダーへ変更する際にすべてのメールを簡単にダウンロードすることができます。
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- Allows users to use their own [domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name). プロバイダーが悪化したり、プライバシーを重視しない他の会社に買収されたりした場合に備えることができるため、カスタムドメイン名はユーザーにとって非常に重要である。
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- Catch-all or alias functionality for those who use their own domains.
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- Use of standard email access protocols such as IMAP, SMTP, or [JMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol). Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email, should they want to switch to another provider.
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### プライバシー
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@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Most cloud **photo management solutions** like Google Photos, Flickr, and Amazon
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open-source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting). The free plan offers 5 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least once a year.
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**Ente Photos** is an end-to-end encrypted photo backup service which supports automatic backups on iOS and Android. Their code is fully open-source, both on the client side and on the server side. It is also [self-hostable](https://github.com/ente-io/ente/tree/main/server#self-hosting). The free plan offers 10 GB of storage as long as you use the service at least once a year.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://ente.io){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://ente.io/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ For encrypting your OS drive, we typically recommend using the encryption tool y
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [NixOS](desktop.md#nixos)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Whonix (Tor)](desktop.md#whonix)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Tails (Live Boot)](desktop.md#tails)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Secureblue](desktop.md#secureblue)
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- { .twemoji loading=lazy } [Kicksecure](desktop.md#kicksecure)
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</div>
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