docs: describe the minimal invitation and where its security comes from

The README, ARCHITECTURE.md and CRYPTOGRAPHY.md still described the old
handshake: keys and a session salt travelling inside the invitation, and a safety
code derived from the two DTLS fingerprints. None of that has been true since
5.9.0.

Adds a "The invitation" section to the README covering what the exchange was
reduced to and why that is a security change and not only a smaller QR code:
less material exposed before anyone is authenticated, the DTLS fingerprint as the
anchor, substituted keys failing closed on the commitment instead of on a human
comparison, a safety code that now covers the whole transcript rather than two
fingerprints, and the plain fact that a single QR is scanned in person where a
four-frame animated one pushes people to paste the invitation through a chat app.

Session lifecycle in ARCHITECTURE.md gains the in-band key exchange as its own
step. CRYPTOGRAPHY.md now states that the salt is derived from the transcript
rather than transmitted, and describes the transcript SAS and the signature that
replaced the challenge/response. DESCRIPTOR-SBQ2.md is listed in the doc index
and in the CONTRIBUTING impact table.

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